Navarez, Jasmine Zyrelle C. Mr.

Federico Arzadon
BSESS 1-1N Team Sports

BASKETBALL
Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball
through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor
called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by
the mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has
ten seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball.
Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of
the ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.

HISTORY
In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the evolution from an
ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr. James Naismith. Naismith was
born in 1861 in Ramsay Township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated as a physician at McGill
University in Montreal and was primarily interested in sports physiology. In 1891, while
working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA International Training School (today,
Springfield College) in the United States, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding in 14
days an indoor game to provide "athletic distraction" for the students at the School for Christian
Workers (Naismith was also a Presbyterian minister) James Naismith and the original basketball
elements, a soccer ball and a peach basket After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor games
like soccer and lacrosse, Naismith recalled the concept of a game of his school days known as
duck-on-a-rock that involved accuracy attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock
by tossing another rock at it. Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave
origin to the game of basketball. Of course it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game
was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court
just half the size of a present-day court. The baskets retained their bottoms so balls scored into
the basket had to be poked out with a long dowel each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball
up and down while moving) was not part of the original game. The sport was an instant success
and thanks to the initial impulse received by the YMCA movement, basketball's popularity
quickly grew nationwide and was introduced in many nations. Although Naismith never saw the
game develop into the spectacular game we know these days, he had the honor to witness
basketball become an Olympic sport at the 1936 Games held in Berlin.

RULES

 Each team can have a maximum of 5 players on the court at any one time. Substitutions
can be made as many times as they wish within the game.
 The ball can only be moved by either dribbling (bouncing the ball) or passing the ball.
Once a player puts two hands on the ball (not including catching the ball) they cannot
then dribble or move with the ball and the ball must be passed or shot.
 After the ball goes into a team’s half and they win possession back the ball must then
make it back over the half way line within 10 seconds. If the ball fails to do so then a foul
will be called and the ball will be turned over.
 Each team has 24 seconds to at least shot at the basket. A shot constitutes either going in
the basket or hitting the rim of the basket. If after the shot is taken and the ball fails to go
in the basket then the shot clock is restarted for another 24 seconds.
 The team trying to score a basket is called the offence whilst the team trying to prevent
them from scoring is called the defense. The defense must do all they can to stop the
offence from scoring by either blocking a shot or preventing a shot from being fired.
 VOLLEYBALL
Game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players use their
hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court within
the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on the opposing
team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court surface—that teammate
may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net.
A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be returned over the net.

HISTORY
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young
Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor
sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called the
sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the
volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.” The original rules were written
by Morgan and printed in the first edition of the Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the
Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America (1897). The game soon proved to have
wide appeal for both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and other organizations in
the United States, and it was subsequently introduced to other countries. In 1916 rules were
issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The first
nationwide tournament in the United States was conducted by the National YMCA Physical
Education Committee in New York City in 1922. The United States Volleyball Association
(USVBA) was formed in 1928 and recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the United
States. From 1928 the USVBA—now known as USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted
annual national men’s and senior men’s (age 35 and older) volleyball championships, except
during 1944 and 1945. Its women’s division was started in 1949, and a senior women’s division
(age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other national events in the United States are conducted
by member groups of the USAV such as the YMCA and the NCAA. Volleyball was introduced
into Europe by American troops during World War I, when national organizations were formed.
The Fédération Internationale de Volley Ball (FIVB) was organized in Paris in 1947 and moved
to Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1984. The USVBA was one of the 13 charter members of the FIVB,
whose membership grew to more than 210 member countries by the late 20th century.

RULES

 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row

 Maximum of three hits per side
 Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
 If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play and
either player involved may make the next contact (provided the next contact isn’t the
teams 4th hit)
 A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line
 NETBALL
Netball started out as a form of basketball before it evolved into the game we know
today. Netball is an exciting, fast and skillful game. It is a game in which two teams of seven
players each strive to keep or gain possession of the ball. The team with the greater number of
goals at the end of the game is the winner. While Netball developed first as a game
predominantly played by women and girls, it is now played by boys and girls, women and men.

HISTORY
The history of netball stems right back to 1891, where it evolved originally from the
game of basketball. From the first game in England in 1895, to the inclusion in the
Commonwealth Games 103 years later, through to the instigation of Fast Net in 2008 and Fast5
in 2013, grass roots Netball has come a long way, yet it still remains an amateur game. Below,
Newitts takes a look at the history of netball. In 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, a man called
James Naismith invented an indoor game designed for "high-spirited" young men at the School
for Christian Workers, now known as the YMCA. A year later, the sport was modified for
women as part of a bid to progress women's participation in sport, and so formed women's
basketball. Different variations of the sport then began to arise across the United States and in
England until, in England; an entirely new sport was formed altogether known as 'Netball'. The
first game of netball was played at Madame Ostenburg's college in 1895, and the first codified
rules of netball followed at the start of the twentieth century. It was also around this time the
sport began to grow in popularity across the UK.

RULES

 A match consists of four quarters lasting 15 minutes each.

 Each team can have a maximum of 7 players and a minimum of 5.
 The court must be divided unto 3 sections, with each player holding a specific position on
the court.
 If a player moves into a position that they shouldn’t be in, they will be deemed to be
offside.
 Players cannot hold the ball for more than three seconds.
 SEPAKTAKRAW
A combination of the two languages, ‘SEPAK’ a term used in Malaysia, Singapore and
Indonesia which translates into "kick", and ‘TAKRAW’, refers to a Thai word for a woven ball.
Sepak Takraw is a traditional Asian game played with a woven synthetic ball kept in the air
using the feet, shoulder, elbow, knee, and head but not with hands. Sepak Takraw is a foot
volleyball game where players touch as well as handle the ball using only their feet, knee, chest
and head. The rules and regulations of the game are very much similar to that of volleyball. A
very popular game around Southeast Asia, the game is played using a rattan or synthetic ball.
Since 1990, Sepak takraw is also included in Asian games.

HISTORY
Similar to volleyball, here also two teams of players try to control the ball by touching it
using only their feet, chest, knee or head and try to kick the ball past the net to the opposition
side. Failing to kicking the ball past the net results in a point to the opposition and the first team
scoring the maximum point is declared winner. Sepak Takraw was originated in Malaysia around
500 years ago. In the 15th century, it was mostly played by the royal court. Around 16th century,
the game was spread across Indonesia, where people called it Sepak Raga. By 1940, the net
version of the game was spread across Southeast Asia and formal rules and regulations were
formed for the game. The first official Sepak Takraw competition was held at a swim club on
May 16th, 1945 in Penang where teams mostly from various villages of Penang participated in it.
During that period, the game used to be called Sepak Raga Jaring. Slowly the game spread across
Southeast Asia and around 1950s, it was played in almost every school. The Malaysian Sepak
Raga Federation was founded in 1960 at Penang and in 1965 it was included in South East Asia
Peninsular Games. It was then formally named as Sepak Takraw and in 1965 the Asian Sepak
takraw Federation (ASTAF) was founded as the governing committee of the sports. In 1992, the
International Sepak takraw Federation (ISTAF) was formed as the world governing body of the
game

RULES

 Games of Sepak Takraw shall be played by two teams of three players.

 Games should be played on a court that fits the regulation size and markings as set out by
ITSAF, with an official Sepak Takraw ball.
 The team to serve first is decided by a coin toss before the match commences.
 Play begins when the server is thrown the ball by a teammate and must then kick the ball
over the net whilst keeping one foot in the service circle.
 Players may only touch the ball with their feet, head, knees and chest. Touching the ball
with the hand or any other part of the body can result in a fault and a point for the
opposition.
 FOOTBALL
Football (or soccer as the game is called in some parts of the world) has a long history.
Football in its current form arose in England in the middle of the 19th century. But alternative
versions of the game existed much earlier and are a part of the football history.

HISTORY
The first known examples of a team game involving a ball, which was made out of a
rock, occurred in old Mesoamerican cultures for over 3,000 years ago. According to the sources,
the ball would symbolize the sun and the captain of the losing team would be sacrificed to the
gods. The first known ball game which also involved kicking took place In China in the 3rd and
2nd century BC under the name Cuju. Cuju was played with a round ball on an area of a square.
It later spread to Japan and was practiced under ceremonial forms. Other earlier variety of ball
games had been known from Ancient Greece. The ball was made by shreds of leather filled with
hair (the first documents of balls filled with air are from the 7th century). In the Ancient Rome,
games with balls were not included in the entertainment on the big arenas, but could occur in
exercises in the military. It was the Roman culture that would bring football to the British island
(Britannica). It is, however, uncertain in which degree the British people were influenced by this
variety and in which degree they had developed their own variants.

RULES

 A match consists of two 45 minutes halves with a 15 minute rest period in between.
 Each team can have a minimum off 11 players (including 1 goalkeeper who is the only
player allowed to handle the ball within the 18 yard box) and a minimum of 7 players are
needed to constitute a match.
 The field must be made of either artificial or natural grass. The size of pitches is allowed
to vary but must be within 100-130 yards long and 50-100 yards wide. The pitch must
also be marked with a rectangular shape around the outside showing out of bounds, two
six yard boxes, two 18 yard boxes and a center circle. A spot for a penalty placed 12
yards out of both goals and center circle must also be visible.
 The ball must have a circumference of 58-61cm and be of a circular shape.
 Each team can name up to 7 substitute players. Substitutions can be made at any time of
the match with each team being able to make a maximum of 3 substitutions per side. In
the event of all three substitutes being made and a player having to leave the field for
injury the team will be forced to play without a replacement for that player.
 BASEBALL
A game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a
field with four white bases laid out in a diamond (i.e., a square oriented so that its diagonal line is
vertical). Teams alternate positions as batters (offense) and fielders (defense), exchanging places
when three members of the batting team are “put out.” As batters, players try to hit the ball out of
the reach of the fielding team and make a complete circuit around the bases for a “run.” The
team that scores the most runs in nine innings (times at bat) wins the game.

HISTORY
The real history of baseball is actually a bit complicated, and the true origins remain
uncertain. People have used bats to hit balls since ancient Egypt. In many societies throughout
Europe, bat and ball games were common. One common theory is that American baseball has its
origins in the British game of rounder’s, though it is more likely that both rounder’s and baseball
have at least some origins in the sport of cricket. There are 18th century references to a British
game called baseball, but the sport bears little resemblance to the American pastime. Baseball in
America would really take off during the 19th century, but there remains debate and speculation
about how it was invented. For a long time, the first team to play baseball under modern rules
was believed to be the New York Knickerbockers. Team founder Alexander Cartwright and a
committee would create the Knickerbocker Rules in 1845, dealing with organizational matters
but also outlining rules of the game. However, it seems that many of these rules were actually
originally written for the Gotham Club in 1837, the team the Knickerbockers had broken away
from. The first known competitive baseball game between two teams using these
“Knickerbocker Rules” was played at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey, on June 19th,
1846. The New York nine defeated the Knickerbockers 23 to 1, but the new rules would
nonetheless be adopted across the New York area.

RULES

 Baseball has two teams of 9 players.

 The fielding team’s positions are made up of a pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second
baseman, shortstop, third baseman, and three outfielders at left field, center field and
right field.
 Games last for 9 innings of which both teams get to bat once. If the game is a tie after 9
innings then an extra inning will be added until a winner is found. If the team batting
second in the bottom of the 9th inning are already ahead in points, then they do not need
to complete their batting innings.
 Once a batting order is picked, then it cannot be changed throughout the game.
Substitutes are permitted; however, they must bat in the order of the previous player
whom they replaced.
 If the batter manages to hit the ball from the pitcher, they must make an effort to at least
get to first base. They can then run to as many bases as they wish before being tagged
out. Each base must be touched with some part of the batters body when running past.
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