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Network Troubleshooting
1
Introduction
2. End-System Documentation
The following information should be documented:
– Device name (purpose)
– Operating system and version
– IP address
– Subnet mask
– Default gateway, DNS server, and WINS server addresses
– Any high-bandwidth network applications that the end-system runs
• NMS Tools
– Network management system (NMS) tools include device-level
monitoring, configuration, and fault management tools.
– Examples of commonly used network management tools are
CiscoView, HP Openview, Solar Winds, and What's Up Gold.
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Software Troubleshooting Tools
• Knowledge Bases
– On-line network device vendor knowledge bases have become
indispensable sources of information.
– The figure shows the Cisco Tools & Resources page found at
http://www.cisco.com. This is a free tool providing information on Cisco-
related hardware and software.
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Software Troubleshooting Tools
• Baselining Tools
– Many tools for automating the network documentation and baselining
process are available. These tools are available for Windows, Linux, AUX
operating systems.
– The figure shows a screen chapter of the SolarWinds LANsurveyor and
CyberGauge software.
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Software Troubleshooting Tools
• Protocol Analyzers
– A protocol analyzer decodes the various protocol layers in a recorded
frame and presents this information in a relatively easy to use format.
– The figure shows a screen capture of the Wireshark protocol analyzer.
• Digital Multimeters
– Digital multimeters (DMMs) are test instruments that are used to directly measure
electrical values of voltage, current, and resistance.
• Cable Testers
– Cable testers are specialized, handheld devices designed for testing the various
types of data communication cabling.
• Cable Analyzers
– Cable analyzers are multifunctional handheld devices that are used to test and
certify copper and fiber cables for different services and standards.
• Portable Network Analyzers
– Portable devices that are used for troubleshooting switched networks and VLANs.
Refer to 8.2.6.3
• To determine traffic
flow conditions and
timing of a WAN
link, you need to
analyze the traffic
characteristics
specific to each
LAN that is
connected to the
WAN.
• Many WANs use a star topology. As the enterprise grows and new
branches are added, the branches are connected back to the head
office, producing a traditional star topology.
• Star endpoints are sometimes cross-connected, creating a mesh or
partial mesh topology. This provides for many possible combinations
for interconnections.
• A significant proportion of
the support calls
received by an ISP refer
to slowness of the
Network.
• To troubleshoot this
effectively, you have to
isolate the individual
components and test
each one as follows:
– Individual PC host
– LAN
– Link from the edge of the user network to the edge of the ISP
– Backbone of the ISP
– Server being accessed
• Information recorded
on the physical
network diagram
typically includes:
– Device type
– Model and
manufacturer
– Operating
system version
– Cable type and
identifier
– Cable
specification
– Connector type
– Cabling
endpoints
• Information recorded on
a logical network
diagram may include:
– Device identifiers
– IP address and
subnet
– Interface identifiers
– Connection type
– DLCI for virtual
circuits
– Site-to-site VPNs
– Routing protocols
– Static routes
– Data-link protocols
– WAN technologies
used
• To verify STP operation, use the show spanning-tree command on each switch.
• If you discover that STP is not operating, you can enable it using the spanning-tree vlan
ID command.
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Network Layer Troubleshooting
• The biggest problem with all NAT technologies is interoperability with other network technologies,
especially those that contain or derive information from host network addressing in the packet.
• Some of these technologies include:
– BOOTP and DHCP
– DNS and WINS
– SNMP
– Tunneling and encryption protocols