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c
(2)YSince the bar is the item of interest let the heating and cooling
processes of the reservoir be considered reversible and at the constant
temperatures T1 andT2.
(3)YThen, over a specified time period, the increase in entropy of the
isolated system equals.
(a)
Since T2 is less than T1 the entropy inverse of the sink is greater than
the entropy decrease of the source although the entropy of the bar,
the heat of the reversible process, remains constant.
(4)YTo assign the excess entropy to the particular location that caused its
appearance, let a new point of view be adopted. Consider that entropy
flows reversibly into the bar from the source and that then it is
continuously supplemented by ͟ created entropy͟ as the flow passes
from one temperature level to another. With this new concept, the
flow of ͞entropy͞leaving the bar and reversibly entering the sinkagrees
with the calculations of Eq. (a), , and in addition the increase in
entropy of the isolated system is assigned (rather locally) to the
irreversible process of the bar.
(5)Yàor the one-dimensional heat conduction process at the steady state
an ͞Entropy͟ flux density could be defined as a function of the co-
ordinate L,
Entropy flux density Js = Entropy flow per unit time per unit area
Hence (1)
)
Where JQ = heat flux, heat flow per unit area per unit time.
(14)Y The difference in entropy flow for the element of the rod in
the fig. is
. .
. . . .. .
5y dividing by ,
.
.. .
as approaches zero, by definition of derivative,
& . & &. &
; 0
& ./ & & & .
5ut the change in conducted heat arises from dissipation of electric energy,
& &
1
& &
(*) and, upon substituting into (1), Eqn. (5) is again obtained,
*
;