Crossways House (C) Richard Hawker AA Talk (Presented To Architecture Part 1 Year 2 LSBU Students)

sitting lightly on the Earth
• Airtight construction = 0.72m3/(hr.m2)@50pa

• Passive Solar design
• Heat recovery ventilation
• PassivHaus levels of insulation
• Triple Glazing (U-value 0.7 inc. frame)
• No conventional heating
• On-site heat & electricity generation
• On-site waste water treatment
• Rainwater harvesting system
• Incorporates various local and waste materials
• Monitoring with Cambridge University for ongoing research
north site strategy
contextual design
Summer sunset
Summer sunrise use local materials
maximise solar potential
exploit great views
minimise visual impact

Winter sunrise
during day and night
Winter sunset
enhance ecological diversity
VIEWS
a sense of place
hiding within the landscape
using a palette of local materials

a sense of place
hiding within the landscape
using a palette of local materials

form
the plan
support spaces on the north side
minimise north side windows
lots of south facing glazing
maximise passive solar heating

south = open
north = closed
passive solar shading
Vault overhangs shade glazing in

Summer, reducing solar gain
Low Winter sun maximises solar gain

when most needed
Vault overhangs also protect

timber frame, increasing life of the
building
living under a shell
living under a shell
tradition & innovation
less than 4 road miles

timbrel vault design
very little material doing a big job

no formwork = quick & economical
clay tiles can be made anywhere
strength ideal for heavy living roofs
10mm thick !
take 1 wet Jay cloth
sprinkle with plaster
and load test

Uses local material
Reinforces sense of place
Supports local craft
Benefits local community
Efficient use of material
No waste
No formwork structure
Timber guides recycled to

form internal studwork
And it looks amazing too

vaulted staircase
vaulted staircase
vaulted staircase
vaulted staircase
3 men and a month . . .
0
01
01 3
0 1 34
0 1 345
0 1 345 9
0 1 345 9 23
0 1 345 9 23 26
0 1 345 9 23 26 31
engineered timber frame
Lightweight
Fast to erect
Sustainably sourced timber
Very little material used
Low embodied energy
Very strong
Good insulating properties
Good acoustic properties
Between beams filled with insulation

waste not want not
'ecosand' made from crushed glass bottles
using polystyrene offcuts
insulation from recycled newspaper
polythene wrapping creates the most waste !

keeping heat in
Vacuum panel insulation
10 times better than polystyrene
Used in the entrance doors
Letter box & cat flap not allowed !
300mm thick recycled newspaper

insulation pumped into wall & roof
cavities to provide airtight,
breathable high levels of insulation
350mm Graphite impregnated

polystyrene
under & round ground slab
enabling slab to act as thermal
mass inside the building
Keeping heat in
Argon filled triple glazed units with

low e coatings to control solar gain
and insulated spacer bars to
minimise cold bridging
Units fixed within triple airtight sealed

PU insulated sustainably sourced
timber window frames
Aluminium faced externally for

prolonged life
NO trickle vents !
Keeping heat in
Thermal imaging
Heat loss at door threshold
Cause: Cold bridge at slab edge

Thermal imaging
Heat loss at base of vault
Cause: Cold bridge through

concrete edge beam
Thermal imaging
Heat loss through vault upstand
Cause: Cold bridge through vault

Thermal imaging
Heat loss at window threshold
Cause: Cold bridge at slab edge

passive heat control
Dupont EnergainTM paraffin wax

thermal mass board
5mm thick fitted like plasterboard
equivalent to 50mm thick concrete
Stores heat as latent heat
Reduces peak temperatures by 7oC
Suited to lightweight timber structures
no mechanical cooling system

passive heat control
The local clay tile vault is a vast

thermal mass. The ground floor slab
also provides thermal mass.
Together they are a vast heat sink,

absorbing heat during the day &
releasing it at night.
Building stays cool in summer & warm

in winter.
a healthy place to live
Lots of daylight
Views – connecting with nature
Lots of fresh air (dust & pollen filtered)
Relative Humidity regulated
Stable internal temperature
No carpet = less dust & allergens
Natural finishes – citrus oil paints
Avoiding 'off-gassing' materials

optimum Relative Humidity for health
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Dust mites
Rhinitis / Asthma
Resp. infections
Chemical Interact
Ozone production
a breath of fresh air
Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery
Fundamental in Passive building design
91% efficient heat transfer
Heat recovery unit running at 35w
4 times the quantity of fresh air than

required by building regulations
Negates the (stupid) requirement for

trickle ventilation
Use with airtight construction
No open fires, no letter box or cat flap !

a bit more heating . . .
A 4KW heat register passes stored

thermal energy into fine radiator fins
in the MVHR supply air duct to add
extra heat to the heat recovered
fresh air.
The thermal energy feeding it comes

from stored solar energy in the Phase
Change Material thermal store
harnessing solar energy
The sun beams down 10,000 times

more energy than we use . . .
. . . time we started using it

Basic types of solar panels;
1. Photovoltaic generate electricity
2. Solar thermal generate heat

Problem;
Photovoltaic cells reduce in

efficiency when it gets hot
So when it's sunny they don't

work very well !
Solution;
Cool the PV cells to get more electricity
Harness the extracted solar thermal energy
Introducing PV-T (Photovoltaic Thermal)
electricity monitoring
Christmas !
Family of 4 living
with us for 3 weeks
PV-T switched on
Average 3-bed house
Longest Shortest
day day
The average 3 bed house uses 13kwh of electricity per day and 57kwh of
gas per day. Total = 70kwh of energy per day (info. from BERR energy trends Dec 2007)
storing solar thermal energy
Problem;
Water is not great at storing

heat.
Solution;
Phase Change Materials

(PCMs) can store much more
heat in a given volume using
latent heat.
e.g.
Paraffin wax = 4 x water
Thermal salts = 7 x water
when the sun doesn't shine
11kw biomass boiler linked to PCM

store
85% of energy charges PCM store
15% is radiant which is circulated

round the house through the MVHR
Minimum burn period is 1 hour to

ensure high efficiency when used
Biomass use
Average 3-bed house
The average 3 bed house uses 57kwh of gas per day.

(info. from BERR energy trends Dec 2007)
‘Zero Carbon’ is now defined as 46kwh/m2/annum for heating & hot water
Crossway has used 23kwh/m2/annum for heating & hot water
Fuel type CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions
Average 3-bed house generates 19.6kgCO2 / day
Crossway average = 0.6 kgCO2 / day
Average CO2 emissions from a 3 bed house = 7,150 kgCO2/annum

(info. from BERR energy trends Dec 2007)
Crossway’s total CO2 emissions = 217 kgCO2/annum

solar thermal monitoring
Sheet1 (2)
Glycol leaving PVT panels [C]

Crossway (Solar Thermal Monitoring Data) Bottom of 300l tank[C]
Salt PMC store [C]
Top of 300l tank [C]
MVHR extract [C]
100
90
80
70
Temperature (C)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
July 2009
solar thermal monitoring
Glycol leaving PVT panels
Bottom of 300l tank
Crossway (Solar thermal monitoring data) Salt PCM store
Top of 300l tank
MVHR extract
90
80
70
60
50
Temperature (C)
40
30
20
10
0
h
h
d
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
nd
rd
th
t
st
d
d
1s
1s
4t
5t
4t
5t
6t
7t
8t
9t
2n
2n
3r
3r
21
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
23
22
-10
-20
January 2010
mains water monitoring
hose watering
new planted Guests staying
beds Laying paving
for 2 weeks at
in carport
Christmas
Code 6 “Zero carbon” level = 80 LPPPD
1 person in
1 person in
house
house
Average water consumption is 143 litres per person per day

(info. from DEFRA)
Integrated complimentary systems
One body, many parts . . .
“The body is a unit, though it is made

up of many parts; and though all its
parts are many, they form one body”
“ . . . the head cannot say to the feet,

"I don't need you!" . . . if one part
suffers, every part suffers with it . . . ”
1 Corinthians 12
Household fuel prices since 1990
200
180
Relative fuel costs %
160
140
120
100
80
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
Petrol & diesel fuel prices since 1999
sustainability . . .
the
industrial
revolution
“Meeting the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

Crossways House (C) Richard Hawker AA Talk (Presented To Architecture Part 1 Year 2 LSBU Students)

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Crossways House (C) Richard Hawker AA Talk (Presented To Architecture Part 1 Year 2 LSBU Students)

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sitting lightly on the Earth

• Airtight construction = 0.72m3/(hr.m2)@50pa

maximise solar potential

exploit great views

minimise visual impact

enhance ecological diversity

using a palette of local materials

using a palette of local materials

support spaces on the north side

minimise north side windows

lots of south facing glazing

maximise passive solar heating

Vault overhangs shade glazing in

Low Winter sun maximises solar gain

Vault overhangs also protect

less than 4 road miles

very little material doing a big job

take 1 wet Jay cloth

sprinkle with plaster

and load test

Uses local material

Reinforces sense of place

Supports local craft

Benefits local community

Efficient use of material

Timber guides recycled to

And it looks amazing too

Sustainably sourced timber

Very little material used

Low embodied energy

Good insulating properties

Good acoustic properties

Between beams filled with insulation

using polystyrene offcuts

insulation from recycled newspaper

polythene wrapping creates the most waste !

300mm thick recycled newspaper

350mm Graphite impregnated

Argon filled triple glazed units with

Units fixed within triple airtight sealed

Aluminium faced externally for

Heat loss at door threshold

Cause: Cold bridge at slab edge

Heat loss at base of vault

Cause: Cold bridge through

Heat loss through vault upstand

Cause: Cold bridge through vault

Heat loss at window threshold

Cause: Cold bridge at slab edge

Dupont EnergainTM paraffin wax

5mm thick fitted like plasterboard

equivalent to 50mm thick concrete

Stores heat as latent heat

Reduces peak temperatures by 7oC

Suited to lightweight timber structures

no mechanical cooling system

The local clay tile vault is a vast

Together they are a vast heat sink,

Building stays cool in summer & warm

Views – connecting with nature

Lots of fresh air (dust & pollen filtered)

Relative Humidity regulated

Stable internal temperature