Praktikum 3

SIGNAL AND SYSTEM
FOURIER SERIES
By:
Andik Kurniawan S (02311740000061)
Lecturer :
Dr. Dhany Arifianto, ST., M.Eng
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY OF FACULTY
INSTITUT TECHNOLOGY OF SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2019
Praktikum III
Kuliah Pemrosesan Sinyal
Praktikum IV pemrosesan sinyal akan membahas Deret Fourier.
Tujuan : - Memahami penerapan Deret Fourier

- Memahami dampak Fenomenon Gibb
Peralatan : laptop/PC dengan matlab dan DSP toolbox.
Percobaan 4.1
Prosedur :
1. Double-click Matlab/scilab
2. Buka text editor matlab (icon persegi putih, sisi kiri) atau menggunakan
sembarang text editor, seperti notepad, wordpad dll.
3. Ketik command line dibawah ini
%Fenomenon Gibb
t=linspace(-2,2,2000);
u=linspace(-2,2,2000);
sq=[zeros(1,500),2*ones(1,1000),zeros(1,500)];
k=2;
N=[1,3,7,19,49,70];
for n=1:6;
an=[];
for m=1:N(n)
an=[an,2*k*sin(m*pi/2)/(m*pi)];
end;
fN=k/2;
for m=1:N(n)
fN=fN+an(m)*cos(m*pi*t/2);
end;
nq=int2str(N(n));
subplot(3,2,n),plot(u,sq,'r','LineWidth',2);hold on;
plot(t,fN,'LineWidth',2); hold off; axis([-2 2 -0.5
2.5]);grid;
xlabel('Time'), ylabel('y_N(t)');title(['N= ',nq]);
end;
4. Save dengan nama gibb.m; letakkan pada direktori dimana matlab

dieksekusi (lihat “current folder”). Lalu run. Apa yang anda amati ?
From the graphic we know that the higher value of n,
the effect of the gibb phenomenon is that the wave is
more minimalist compared to the small value of n, the
results of the graph above show that when the value of
n = 70 has a minimum wave less than the value of n =
1,3,7,19,49. In accordance with the theory of the
phenomenon of gibb that to reduce wave by increasing
iteration.
5. Lakukan perubahan pada N=[1,3,7,19,49,70]; Apa yang terjadi ?

Jelaskan mengapa !
%Fenomenon Gibb
k=2;
N=[4,8,16,32,64,128];
for n=1:6;
an=[];
for m=1:N(n)
end;
fN=k/2;
for m=1:N(n)
end;
nq=int2str(N(n));
2.5]);grid;
end;
At the value of n = 128 the value of the ripple effect
due to the phenomenon of gibb which occurs more
minimalist and almost perfectly forms a step signal with
amplitude 2. Which the results of this graph show that
the greater the value of N, iteration, the effects of the
gibb phenomenon, the wave effect more minimalist.
6. Dengan variabel N menyesuaikan (lihat langkah no.5), perpendek dan

perpanjang lebar kotak pada variabel sq. Apa yang anda amati ?
%Fenomenon Gibb
k=2;
N=[4,8,16,32,64,128];
for n=1:6;
an=[];
for m=1:N(n)
end;
fN=k/2;
for m=1:N(n)
end;
nq=int2str(N(n));
2.5]);grid;
end;
%Fenomenon Gibb
k=2;
N=[4,8,16,32,64,128];
for n=1:6;
an=[];
for m=1:N(n)
end;
fN=k/2;
for m=1:N(n)
end;
nq=int2str(N(n));
2.5]);grid;
end;
When the amplitude of the step signal does not change,
only the range of the step signal changes, so the
resulting sinusoidal signal also does not change, the
fourier series that occurs in the step signal with the
same amplitude, but different spans are the same. So,
With a greater N value, the gibb phenomenon that produces
wave is more minimalist.
Percobaan 4.2
Prosedur :
% *** Plot truncatated FS for various numbers of terms. ***
clear; % clear matlab's memory
figure(1); clf; % open and clear figure 1
To = 2; wo = 2*pi/To; % fundamental period and frequency
D0 = 0.5; % signal offset
t = -2:0.01:4; % time over which we'll plot signal
N = [1 5 10 50]; % +/- values at which we'll truncate FS
for i = 1:4, % compute truncated FS for above N values
f = D0*ones(size(t)); % start out with DC bias term
for n = -N(i):-1, % loop over negative n
Dn = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); % Fourier coefficient
f = f + real(Dn*exp(j*n*wo*t)); % add FS terms
end;
for n = 1:N(i), % loop over positive n

end;
subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of f(t)

plot(t,f); % and actual signal
hold on;
plot([-2 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4],[1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
titlevec = ['Truncated f(t) FS for n = ' num2str(-
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;
% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for 1st 4

harmonics
D0 = 0.5; % signal offset, 0 frequency term
i = 1; % vector index to help store Dn and w
for n = -4:-1, % loop over negative n

Dn(i) = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); %Compute&store fouriercoef.
w(i) = n*wo; % store associated frequency
i = i + 1; % increment vector index
end;
Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

Dn(i) = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); %Compute&store Fourier coef.
i = i + 1; % increment vector index;
end;
subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum of f(t)

stem(w,abs(Dn),'filled');
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum of f(t) Showing First Four Harmonics');
subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of f(t)

stem(w,angle(Dn),'filled');
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('\angle D_n ');
title('Phase Spectrum of f(t) Showing First Four Harmonics');
4. Apa yang anda amati ?

5. Mengapa perlu off-set ?
If off-set = 0, so
D0 = 0; % signal offset
end;

end;

hold on;
plot([-2 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4],[1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

harmonics
D0 = 0; % signal offset, 0 frequency term

Dn(i) = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); %Compute&store fouriercoef.
end;


Dn(i) = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); %Compute&store Fourier coef.
end;

xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');

xlabel('\omega ');
From the graph that has been generated by using a

signal offset of 0.5, the results of the fourier
series signal in the form of signals begin at f (t)
= 0.5 when using a signal offset value of 0, the
results of the fourier series signal in the form of
signals starts at f (t) = 0 also affects the results
of the magnitude spectrum of the First Four
Harmonics. So, Signal offset functions as the
initial value for the Fourier Series signal from the
step signal which also affects the magnitude and
phase spectrum.
6. Ubah parameter n lebih besar dan lebih kecil. Apa yang anda peroleh ?
% *** Plot truncatated FS for various numbers of terms.

***
To = 2; wo = 2*pi/To; % fundamental period and
frequency
t = -2:0.01:4; % time over which we'll plot
signal
N = [1 2 3 4]; % +/- values at which we'll truncate
FS
for i = 1:4, % compute truncated FS for above
N values
for n = -N(i):-1, % loop over
negative n
Dn = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); % Fourier
coefficient
f = f + real(Dn*exp(j*n*wo*t)); % add FS
terms
end;
for n = 1:N(i), % loop over

positive n
coefficient
terms
end;
subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of

f(t)
hold on;
plot([-2 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4],[1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;
% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for
1st 4 harmonics
frequency
i = 1; % vector index to help store Dn
and w

Dn(i) = (1 - exp(-j*n*pi))/(j*2*pi*n); %Compute&store
fouriercoef.
end;


Fourier coef.
w(i) = n*wo; % store associated
frequency
end;
subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum

of f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
title('Magnitude Spectrum of f(t) Showing First Four
Harmonics');
subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of

f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
title('Phase Spectrum of f(t) Showing First Four
Harmonics');
***
frequency
signal
N = [1 5 50 500]; % +/- values at which we'll
truncate FS
for i = 1:4, % compute truncated FS for above
N values
for n = -N(i):-1, % loop over
negative n
coefficient
terms
end;
for n = 1:N(i), % loop over

positive n
coefficient
terms
end;
subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of

f(t)
hold on;
plot([-2 -1 -1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4],[1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 1],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

1st 4 harmonics
frequency
and w

fouriercoef.
end;


Fourier coef.
w(i) = n*wo; % store associated
frequency
end;
subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum

of f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
Harmonics');
subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of

f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
Harmonics');
the greater the value of n, the fourier series generated
by the number of waves more and the risk effect smaller
and vice versa.
Percobaan 4.3
Prosedur :
D0 = -0.5; % signal offset
Dn = j/(2*pi*n); % Fourier coefficient
end;

end;
hold on;
plot([-1 0 0 1 1 2],[-1 0 -1 0 -1 0],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

harmonics

D0 = -0.5; % signal offset, 0 frequency term
Dn(i) = j/(2*pi*n); % Compute & store fourier coef.
end;


Dn(i) = j/(2*pi*n); % Compute & store Fourier coef.
end;

xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');

xlabel('\omega ');
4. Apa bedanya dengan percobaan 2.2 ?
The different is on the function that we want to convert

to fourier series. On the experiment 2.2 the function we
want to convert is step function but on this section is
ramp function.
5. Apa perbedaan antara percobaan 2.2 dan percobaan 2.3 pada

magnitude spectrum dan fase dari spectrum ?
Magnitude spectrum from the experiment 2.2 is do more

fluctuate than magnitude spectrum from the experiment 2.3.
For the phase spectrum its for the experiment 2.2 its do
fluctuate like the magnitude spectrum but for the
experiment 2.3 its do switching the sign negative to
positive.
6. Silakan rubah periode dasar (fundamental period) dengan berbagai

angka (minimal empat buah periode yang berbeda). Apa perubahan
yang terjadi pada magnitude spectrum dan fase spectrum ?

***
frequency
signal
truncate FS
for i = 1:4, % compute truncated FS for
above N values
f = D0*ones(size(t)); % start out with DC bias
term
end;

Dn = j/(2*pi*n); % Fourier
coefficient
end;
subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation
of f(t)
hold on;
plot([-1 0 0 1 1 2],[-1 0 -1 0 -1 0],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

1st 4 harmonics

and w
end;


end;
subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum of

f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
Harmonics');

xlabel('\omega ');
Harmonics');
***
frequency
signal
truncate FS
above N values
term
end;

coefficient
end;
of f(t)
hold on;
plot([-1 0 0 1 1 2],[-1 0 -1 0 -1 0],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

1st 4 harmonics

and w
end;


end;

f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
Harmonics');

xlabel('\omega ');
Harmonics');
***
frequency
signal
truncate FS
above N values
term
end;

coefficient
end;
of f(t)
hold on;
plot([-1 0 0 1 1 2],[-1 0 -1 0 -1 0],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

1st 4 harmonics

and w
end;


end;

f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
Harmonics');

xlabel('\omega ');
Harmonics');
***
frequency
signal
truncate FS
above N values
term
end;

coefficient
end;
of f(t)
hold on;
plot([-1 0 0 1 1 2],[-1 0 -1 0 -1 0],':');
hold off;
xlabel('t ');
ylabel('f(t)');
N(i)),',..,',num2str(N(i))];
title(titlevec);
end;

1st 4 harmonics

frequency
and w
end;


end;

f(t)
xlabel('\omega ');
ylabel('|D_n|');
Harmonics');

xlabel('\omega ');
Harmonics');
From changing the value To it is found that the greater
the fundamental value of the period the smaller the
resulting frequency value and vice versa in the magnitude
and phase spectrum of the First Four Harmonics.

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SIGNAL AND SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS

Tujuan : - Memahami penerapan Deret Fourier

Peralatan : laptop/PC dengan matlab dan DSP toolbox.

4. Save dengan nama gibb.m; letakkan pada direktori dimana matlab

5. Lakukan perubahan pada N=[1,3,7,19,49,70]; Apa yang terjadi ?

6. Dengan variabel N menyesuaikan (lihat langkah no.5), perpendek dan

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over positive n

subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of f(t)

% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for 1st 4

for n = -4:-1, % loop over negative n

Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum of f(t)

subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of f(t)

4. Apa yang anda amati ?

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over positive n

subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of f(t)

% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for 1st 4

for n = -4:-1, % loop over negative n

Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum of f(t)

subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of f(t)

From the graph that has been generated by using a

% *** Plot truncatated FS for various numbers of terms.

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over

subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of

for n = -4:-1, % loop over negative n

Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum

subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over

subplot(2,2,i); % plot truncated FS representation of

% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for

for n = -4:-1, % loop over negative n

Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum

subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over positive n

% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for 1st 4

To = 1; wo = 2*pi/To; % fundamental period and frequency

Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum of f(t)

subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of f(t)

The different is on the function that we want to convert

5. Apa perbedaan antara percobaan 2.2 dan percobaan 2.3 pada

Magnitude spectrum from the experiment 2.2 is do more

6. Silakan rubah periode dasar (fundamental period) dengan berbagai

% *** Plot truncatated FS for various numbers of terms.

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over positive n

% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for

To = 2; wo = 2*pi/To; % fundamental period and frequency

Dn(i) = D0; w(i) = 0; % store 0 frequency terms

for n = 1:4, % loop over positive n

subplot(2,1,1); % plot magnitude spectrum of

subplot(2,1,2); % plot phase spectrum of f(t)

for n = 1:N(i), % loop over positive n

% *** Plot exponential magnitude and phase spectra for

To = 4; wo = 2*pi/To; % fundamental period and frequency