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Code No.: J-BCA-002

BRILLIANT'S®

Digital Principles
NP
For: BCA

Semester I

According to Jiwaji University, Gwalior

New Syllabus

Bilingual (English & Hindi)

www.thebrilliants.in
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New Syllabus

Digital Principles
 UNIT-I

Boolean algebra, Boolean equation of logic gates, Logic gates, AND, OR, NOT gates and
their truth tables, NOR, NAND and XOR gates, Boolean algebra, Basic Boolean law's,
Demorgan's theorem, Boolean law's and theorems, Duality theorem.

 UNIT-II
NP
Karnaugh map, MAP simplification, Minimization techniques, Sum of Product and Product
of Sum, Pairs, Quads and Octats, Donot Care condition, Grey code, Multiplexer and
Demultiplexer, BCD to Decimal decoder, Seven segment decoder, Encoder.

 UNIT-III
Arithmetic circuits, Binary addition, unsigned binary numbers, sign magnitude
numbers, 2's complement-arithmetic Addition, Subtraction, overflow, Half adder,
Full adder, Subtractor circuits.

 UNIT-IV
Flip Flops, RS, D, JK, Master Slave, Shift Registers, Types of Shift Registers, Asynchronous
and Synchronous Counters.

 UNIT-V
Semiconductor memories, Memory addressing, ROM, PROMS, EPROMS, RAMS, DRAMS,
SRAMS, Memory Cells A to D and D to A converters.
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Contents
Unit- 1: Introduction to Boolean Algebra
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA/
Q.1. What do you mean by Boolean Algebra ?

OR
Define Boolean Algebra./ 11

LOGIC GATES/

Q.2. Define logic gates./

OR
What do you mean by logic gates? Discuss about the AND gate.
NP
13
Q.3. Discuss the OR and NOT GATES with their truth tables.
OR NOT
OR
Write short note on the following : 1. OR gate 2. NOT gate
1. OR gate 2. NOT gate 15

NOR AND NAND GATES/ NOR NAND

Q.4. What do you mean by NOR and NAND Gate ?
NOR NAND
OR
Discuss the Universal Gates./ 18

XOR GATE/ XOR

Q.5. What do you mean by XOR Gate?/ XOR

OR
Write a short note on the Exclusive OR Gate.
OR 20

BOOLEAN LAWS/

Q.6. What are the basic boolean law's?/

OR
Define Boolean Law's./ 23

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/4
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DEMORGAN'S THEOREM/
Q.7. What are Demorgan's Theorem? Prove algebrically the demorgan's theorem.
[BCA- 2008]
OR
Explain the Demorgan's theorem.
26

DUALITY THEOREM/

Q.8. Discuss the Duality Theorem./

OR
What do you mean by Duality Theorem?/ 28
Q.9. Realize XOR Gate using only NAND.
NAND XOR [BCA- 2007] 30
NP
Q.10. Draw the logic circuit for the following Boolean Expression. [BCA- 2009] 30
Q.11. Prove that/ A (B + C) = AB + AC
is equivalent to/ A + BC = (A + B) (A + C) 31
Q.12. Draw the AND - OR Circuit for Y = ABCD + ABCD + ABCD
ABCD + ABCD + ABCD AND - OR 31
Q.13. Simplify the following logic function and realize using NOR Gates only.
NOR
X = (B + C) (B + D) (C + D) [BCA- 2009] 32

Unit- 2: Karnaugh Map, Code and Decoder

KARNAUGH MAP AND ITS SIMPLIFICATION

Q.14. Discuss the karnaugh map with simplification.

OR
Explain the map simplification./ 35
Q.15. What are the minimization techniques for minimizing Karnaugh map?

OR
Illustrate the minimization techniques for minimizing Karnaugh map.
39

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/5
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SUM OF PRODUCT AND PRODUCT OF SUM

Q.16. Discuss the Sum of Product and Product of Sum.

40

PAIRS, QUADS AND OCTETS/

Q.17. Write short note on the following: 1. Pairs 2. Quads 3. Octets
1. 2. 3. 44

DO NOT CARE CONDITION/

Q.18. Write short note on: Do NOT CARE condition.
46

GRAY CODE/
NP
Q.19. Write a short note on gray code./ [BCA- 2008] 48

MULTIPLEXER/
Q.20. What is multiplexer? Draw the block diagram of 4 to 1 line multiplexer. Explain its
operation by means of function table.

[BCA- 2009] 50

DEMULTIPLEXER/
Q.21. Discuss the demultiplexer with block diagram.
53

DECODER/
Q.22. Discuss the decoder. Also Explain BCD to decimal decoder.
BCD 57

SEVEN SEGMENT DECODER/

Q.23. Discuss the BCD to seven segment decoder.
BCD 59

ENCODER/
Q.24. Discuss the encoder with block diagram.

OR
Explain different types of encoder./ 61

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/6
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Q.25. Draw the circuit of 3 to 8 decoder and explain its working.
[BCA- 2008, 2009] 64
Q.26. Construct a 2-to-4 line decoder with NAND gates.
NAND [BCA- 2009] 66

Unit- 3: Arithmetic Circuits

BINARY ADDITION/
Q.27. Define arithmetic circuits. Also explain binary addition.

OR
What do you mean by binary addition?/ 69

UNSIGNED BINARY NUMBERS/

NP
Q.28. Explain the concept of unsigned binary numbers.
72

SIGN MAGNITUDE NUMBERS/

Q.29. Discuss the sign binary numbers and also explain sign magnitude numbers.
73

2'S COMPLEMENT/ 2'S

Q.30. Discuss the 2's complement./ 2's

OR
Explain the addition and subtraction of 2's complement.
2's 78

OVERFLOW/
Q.31. Discuss the overflow in 2's complement.
2's 85

HALF ADDER/
Q.32. Discuss the half adder with block diagram and logic circuit.
85

ULL ADDER/
Q.33. Discuss the full adder with block diagram and truth table.

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/7
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OR
Define Full adder./ 88
Q.34. How will you make full adder by using Half adder? Also explain uses of half adder and
full adder.

90

SUBTRACTOR/

Q.35. Discuss the subtractor in detail./ 91

Q.36. What is the difference between half adder and full adder?
[BCA- 2007] 96
Q.37. Convert the following decimal number to 8-bit magnitude number.
1. +27 2. –27 3. +80 4. –80 99

Unit- 4: Flip Flops, Registers and Counters

NP
Flip Flops/
Q.38. What is flip flop ? How it is used as a memory element?

OR
Discuss about flip flop./ 103

RS FLIP FLOP/ RS

Q.39. Explain about RS Flip-Flop./ RS 105

Q.40. Draw the circuit and symbol of a clocked R.S. Flip Flop and explain the operation.
RS
[BCA- 2007]
OR
Draw logic circuit and truth table for level clocked RS-Flip Flop.
RS 110
Q.41. Explain various edge-Triggered RS Flip-Flops.
RS
OR
Discuss about edge-Triggered RS-Flip-Flops.
RS 112

D-FLIP FLOP/ D-

Q.42. Discuss about D Flip Flops./ D- 114

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/8
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JK FLIP FLOP/ JK
Q.43. Draw the circuit diagram of JK Flip Flop. Give its truth.
JK [BCA- 2007]
OR
Explain level clocked JK Flip Flop./ JK 119
Q.44. Explain edge Triggered JK Flip Flops. / JK
OR
Discuss about edge Triggered JK Flip Flops.
JK 122

MASTER-SLAVE JK FLIP-FLOP/ JK

Q.45. Explain Master-Slave JK Flip-Flops./ JK

OR
NP
What is Master-Slave Flip-Flop ? Explain positive edge triggered and negative edge
triggered with the help of suitable block diagram.

JK [BCA- 2009] 124

SHIFT REGISTERS AND TYPES OF SHIFT REGISTER

Q.46. What do you mean by shift registers ? Draw the circuit of 4 bit controlled shift register
and explain its working.

[BCA- 2007]
OR
Write a short note on shift register.
[BCA- 2008] 127
ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS COUNTER

Q.47. Discuss about Asynchronous Counter./

OR
Write short note on Asynchronous Counter.
132
Q.48. Define Synchronous Counter./
OR
Write short note on Synchronous Counter./ 136

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/9
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Q.49. What do you mean by ring counter ? Explain. [BCA- 2007]

OR
Define Ring Counter./ 139
Q.50. Write a short note on: Three State switch.
[BCA- 2007] 140

Unit- 5: Memory
SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES/
Q.51. Write short note on: Semiconductor Memory.
[BCA- 2007]
NP OR
Define Semiconductor Main Memory RAM.
143

MEMORY ADDRESSING/
Q.52. Discuss about memory addressing./
OR
Write a note on memory addressing./ 148

MEMORY CELLS/
Q.53 Discuss about memory cells./
OR
Write a note on memory cells./ 154

A TO D AND D TO A CONVERTERS/ A D D A
Q.54. Discuss about A to D and D to A converters./ A D D A
OR
What is D/A converter? Explain with the help of suitable block diagram.
D/P [BCA- 2009] 156
Q.55. What are different types of addressing modes?/ 168
Q.56. Distinguish between the following:/
1. PROM and EPROM. 2. Dynamic RAM and Static RAM.
3. Volatile Memory and non-volatile Memory 4. RAM and ROM
1. PROM EPROM 2.
3. 4. 172

BRILLIANT’S/Digital Principles/10 