Normal

information range physiology indication Name of the test

Increased>cirrohs 78- Serum sample Chronic Alpha1-antitrypsin
is and rheumatoid 200mg required_this enzyme obstructive
arthirtitis,bacterial /dl produced in the liver lung disease
infections
Below 70mg/dl
lung disease

Negative test Detect the insufficient Addisons Adrenal antibody test

indicate secreation of adrenaline disease
insufficient indirect fluorescent
adrenaline antibody Test use
characterized by
Addison's disease
Presence of Synthesized in Thromboses Anticardiolipin
antibodies to autoimmune conditions antibody test
cardiolipin like systemus lupus
indicates Erythematosus
thrombocytopenia _immunoassay required
Increased values Less This exihibits more antigen Streptococcal Ntideoxyribonucle_B
indicate than city infections titer, serum test
streptococcal 170uni
infection ts
Detection of Serum sample is required Systemic lupus Anti-DNA test
antibody to DNA erythematosis
indicates
autoimmune
disease
Influenza A and Antibody test
B virus
Increase Less Fasting specimen is Glomeruloneph Antihyaluronidse titer
_streptococcal than required ritis Test
infection in 1:250
glomerulus's
Positive _severe ELISA is used Chronic Antimitochondrial
cirrhosis cirrhosis antibody Test
Antibodies Generally neutrophils Presence of Antineutrophil antibody
indicates neutrophil and test
neutropenia granulocyte
antibody
Indirect Asses the presence of Inflammation Antineutrophil
fluorescence antibodies against the of respiratory cytoplasmic antibody
antibody- glomerular basement tracts
inflammation membrane
respire tract-
glomerular
characterized by
Wagner's
syndrome
 Positive _SLE Detect auto antibodies Systemic lupus Antinuclear antibody
and chronic against the self antigen in erythematosus
hepatitis the nucleus
Elevated titers are Greate Detect antibodies against Acute Antistreptolysin o titer
seen in rheumatic r than streptolysin o fever&infectio serum
fever &kidney 166 ns
infection todd
units

An agglutination of cases of syphilis # Syphilis Automated reagain`

test continuous increase in the
done_detection of recent years
antibodies
indicate recent
infections
Radioimmunoassa 10nmo It is a 100aminoacid Activity of Beta2-microglobulin
y is l/day pepetide&is a member of HIV virus
Done_increased class 1 HLA complex
level indicates to
severity of
AIDS,inflammati
ons&leukemia
Identification of Nasophartngeal Whooping Bordetlla pertussis
anti Ig-M swab&Flouresent antibody cough
antibodies are required
indicate recent
infections
Decreased level 0.90- C3 comprises of 70% of Lupus C3 complement
>>acute phase 2.00g/l total complement erythematosus
response protein&also alternative
glomerulonephriti pathway
s
Decreased Utilized only by classical ~~~~~~~~~ C4 complement
level>>>serum pathway_radial
sickness,immune immunodifussion test done
complex disease

Decreased 8- C1 is one of the Angiodema C1 Esterase inhibitor

level>>> 24mgs complements.freeze serum serum
Angiodema /dl immediately. radial
immunodifussion test done

This component Use to detect circulating Autoimmune C1q immune complex

binds to Fc immune complexes. diseases
protein of the Radioimmunoassay is done
antibody in
antigen antibody
complexes
 A negative Use to detect Candida immunocompri Candida antigen test
test>>>low antigen in serum mised
immunity sample_ELISA test done

panic range-values -5% This immunoglobulin is Multiple cerebrospinal fluid

greater than 12% 12% generally increased in the sclerosis immunoglobulin G
indicate case of central nervous
neurological system disorders and
disorders inflammations. Radial
immunodifussion test is
performed
Panic range-values 6micro this test measures the myelin ~~~~~~~~~~~ Myelin cerebrospinal fluid
greater than 6 grma/m fragments released in to the ~
micrograms/mL l spinal cord due to
indicates degenerative diseases in the
degenerative spinal cord.
diseases Radioimmunoassay and
enzyme assay is performed
decreased levels 40-100 This test is performed to Rheumatoid Complement,Total
are seen in CH 50 estimate the total serum arthritis and
autoimmune units complement. Quantitative lupus
disease hemolysis and radial erythematousis
immunodifussion test is
performed
increase in titer This test is done to detect Respiratory Coxsackie A virus titer
indicates antibodies to coxsackie A illness
meningitis,pericardi virus. Virus neutralisation and
tis,respiratory tract complement fixation tests are
illness done
panic range-values Above It is produced by liver .A Infectious C-reactive protein
above 8 8 radioimmunoassay is diseases
micrograms/mL milligra performed
indicate infectious ms/Ml
diseases and
inflammatory states
An increased level They precipitate from serum leukemia Cryoglobulin,serum
indicates at low temperatures and
myeloma,leukemia dissolve at 4 ' c
necrosis and viral
infections
increase of IgG and IgM- This virus is transmitted Intruterine cytomegalovirus antibody
IgM indicates titer through intrauterine and can infection test
congenital greater infect whether or not maternal
cytomegalovirus than immunity exists.Indirect
1:16,Ig flourescent antibody and
G titer immunoassay is performed
greater
than
1:32
Compl This bacteria causes amoebic abscess liver Entamoeba histolytic a
ement dysentery and liver abscess. serological test
fixation Complement fixation and
titer-1:8 immunodifussion test is
performed
 the body develops antibodies Renal disease Glomerular besement
against the self glomerular antibody
basement membrane.
Enzyme immunoassay is
performed

the test involves the detection Peptic ulcer Heliobacter pylori serology
of IgG and IgM which will be and gastritis test
developed in the host against
this bacterium. ELISA test is
performed
the test involves the detection Hepatitis Antibody test
of IgM antibody against this Acute hepatitis A
virus using ELISA
The hepatitis-Be antigen is Chronic Hepatitis Be antigen
detected in chronic stage of hepatitis
the
disease.Radioimmunoassay
is performed
This test is to detect the AIDS HIV-1/HIV-2 serology
antibody developed against
HIV by ELISA and confirm it
by western blot
This disease develops due to Acute Hypersensitivity
allergy and subsequent bronchospasm pneumonitis serology
hypersensitivity to organic
dusts.Immunodifussion tests
is performed
influenza virus Influenza A and B titer
infection
Antibod In the case of transfusion Tranfusion IgA antibodies
y not reaction if the receipent reaction
present develops antibodies against symptoms like
IgA then anaphylactic shock sweating,pain
appears and collapse
Leishmania donovani infects Kala-azar Leishmaniasis serological
spleen,bone marrow,liver test
,lymph nodes. ELISA test is
performed
Caused by Leptospira.ELISA febrile illness Leptospirosis
test is performed serodiagonsis test
It is a sexually transmitted Pelvic Lymphogranuloma
disease.A complement inflammatory venerum titer
fixation test is done disease
A four fold increase Hemag Measles is caused by virus Rubella Measles antibodies test
in IgM titer glutinat and infects respiratory
indicates viral ion tract,causes cough and
xanthemias inhibitio fever.ELISA test is done
n-less
than
1:10
neutrali
sation-
less
than
1:10
A positive response Respo During transplantation tissue Graft rejection Mixed lymphocyte culture
indicates graft nse is matching is done to evaluate
rejection compar graft acceptance
 ed with
that of
normal
control
A increasing titer It is caused by mumps mumps serology
with increase in paramyxovirus.ELISA test is
viral to soluble titer done
indicates viral
infection
panic range-A four IgG- This test involves the Pneumonia Mycoplasma serology
fold increase in greater evaluation of response to
antibody titer than- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
indicates recent 1:10,Ig infection
infection M-
greater
than
1:10