FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Name: Aaron Jan S. Palmares, RMT, MSMT Section: MT01441 Date: 08.23.16

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

1. Describe the characteristics of different types of blood cells.

2. Describe the major difference between the walls of the arteries and the walls of the veins.
3. Differentiate between serum and plasma.
4. Name the parts of the heart and describe their function.
5. Trace the flow of blood through the heart.
6. Locate the veins in the arm and explain how each would be used in venipuncture.
7. Explain systolic and diastolic pressure.
8. Explain the conductive system of the heart.
I. Circulatory System
• Transfer substance and waste from one system to another
• Network of arteries, veins and capillary
• Two parts
a. Pulmonary system
• Circulate the blood through the lungs
• Blood is enriched with O2 and the waste CO2 is removed
b. Systemic system
• Supplies the cells with O2 and energy (lipids, Carb.) while removing waste product
II. Anatomy and Physiology
• An adult body of 68 kg (150 lbs) contains 5 L
of blood.
• A preterm infant of 1 kg (2.2 lbs) has 0.1 L
of blood
• No more than 2.5% per draw and 5% within
a 30-day period should be drawn.
• Blood is 45% formed cellular elements and 55%
is a fluid portion
• Hemopoiesis (Hematopoiesis)
• Blood cells is formed in the bone marrow
& lymph node
• They decrease in size during maturation
WBC (Leukocyte) RBC (Erythrocyte) Platelet (Thrombocyte)
Function Body Defense Transport O2 and CO2 Stoppage of bleeding
Bone Marrow,
Formation Bone Marrow Bone Marrow
Lymphatic Tissue
Size 9-16 um 6-8 um 1-4 um
Life Span 24 hours to years 100 – 120 days 9 – 12 days
Reference values (mm3) 3,500 -11,000 3.8 - 5.9 million 150,000 - 400,000
Bone marrow, Bone marrow,
Removal Spleen
liver, spleen liver, spleen

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 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

1. RBC (Erythrocyte)
• Contains surface antigen that determine the
blood type
• Type and cross-match (T&C) are used to
determine compatibility
2. WBC (Leukocyte)
• Appear as large cell that have purple
(nuclei) when viewed in a stain blood smear
• Granules may stain pink, blue or orange
3. Platelets (thrombocyte)
• Fragments of metamegakaryocyte
• Aids on the clotting
4. Arteries and veins have 3 layers of tissue:
a. Tunica intima – Endothelium
b. Tunica media - Smooth muscle
c. Tunica adventitia - Connective tissue
i. Arteries
• Arterial blood is bright red. Oxygenated blood
ii. Veins
• Venous blood is dark red. Deoxygenated blood
iii. Capillaries
• Smallest blood vessels.
• One cell thick to allow for gas and nutrient exchange.
Types of Blood Specimen
1. Whole blood: Contains the plasma and the cellular components, i. Arterial; ii. Venous
2. Plasma: The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood. Contains fibrinogen
3. Serum: The liquid portion of clotted blood. Plasma minus the fibrinogen

III. The Heart

▪ Four chambers:
a. Right atrium, Right ventricle
b. Left atrium, Left ventricle
▪ Blood Flow through the Heart
a. Superior/inferior vena cava
b. Right atrium
c. Right ventricle
d. Pulmonary artery (to lungs)
e. Pulmonary vein (from lungs)
f. Left atrium
g. Left ventricle
h. Aorta
i. Arteries
j. Arterioles
k. Capillarie
l. Venules
m. Veins
n. Back to superior/inferior vena cava

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 FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

▪ Example of Test for Heart Disease

1. Brain Natriuretic Peptide 3. Homocysteine 6. Troponin
(BNP) 4. LDH-1
2. CK isoforms (CK-MB) 5. Myoglobin

IV. Vein and Arteries

• The most commonly used veins for venipuncture are
located in the antecubital fossa.
• Vein of choice venipuncture
a. 1st Choice → Median cubital vein
b. 2nd Choice → Cephalic vein
c. 3rd Choice → Basilic vein
Practice questions:
1. The smallest blood vessel is a/an:
a. arteriole b. venule c. capillary d. vein
2. Valves are found in all of the following EXCEPT the:
a. capillaries b. left ventricle c. right ventricle d. saphenous vein
3. All of the following carry oxygenated blood EXCEPT the:
a. pulmonary vein b. aorta c. radial artery d. pulmonary artery
4. When checking a person’s pulse rate, you could use the:
a. carotid artery b. aorta c. radial artery d. both A and C
5. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart in which chamber?
a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
6. Blood is pumped into the aorta from the:
a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
7. The pacemaker of the heart is the:
a. AV node b. AV bundle c. Purkinje fibers d. SA node
8. A person’s blood group is determined by testing:
a. erythrocytes b. leukocytes c. plasma d. both A and C
9. Which stage of coagulation does a blood test for fibrin degradation products evaluate?
a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4
10-15. Match the following leukocytes with their function.
11. ____ Basophil a. increased in allergies
12. ____ Neutrophil b. becomes a macrophage
13. ____ Monocyte c. releases histamine
14. ____ Lymphocyte d. phagocytizes bacteria
15. ____ Eosinophil e. recognizes foreign antigens
16-21. Match the following disorders with the components of the circulatory system they affect.
16. ____ Leukemia 19. ____ Embolism a. blood vessels
17. ____ Hemophilia 20. ____ Endocarditis b. heart
18. ____ Aneurysm 21. ____ Anemia c. blood
d. coagulation
22-27. Match the following laboratory tests with the component of the circulatory system that each evaluates.
22. ____ Reticulocyte count a. blood vessels
23. ____ Group and type b. heart
24. ____ Bleeding time c. blood
25. ____ Creatine kinase d. coagulation
26. ____ Prothrombin time
27. ____ Triglycerides

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