92-317

Applied Thermodynamics

Summer 2018

Tutorial 9
1. The air in a room has a dry-bulb temperature of 25C and wet-bulb temperature of 16C.
Assuming a pressure of 100kPa using the psychrometric chart A-31estimate:
a) The specific humidity
b) The specific enthalpy in kJ/kg dry air
c) The relative humidity
d) The specific volume in m3/kg dry air

Solution:

From the psychrometric chart (Fig. A-31) we read

(a) 𝜔 = 0.0076𝑘𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂/𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟
(b) ℎ = 45𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟
(c) 𝜙 = 39%
(d) 𝑣 = 0.856𝑚3 /kg dry air

2. Air at 1atm, 14C and 70% relative humidity and volumetric flow rate of 10m3/min is first
heated to 20C in a heating section and then humidified by introducing water vapor. The
air leaves the humidifying section at 25C and 65% relative humidity. Determine:
a) The mass flow rate of steam added to the air.
b) The heat flow rate transferred to the air in the heating section

Solution:

The inlet and the exit states of the air are completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm.
The properties of the air at various states are determined from the psychrometric chart to be
 h1  32 kJ/kg dry air
1  0.007 kg H 2 O/kg dry air ( 2 )
Heating
v1  0.8225m 3 / kg dry air
coils
h2  38 kJ/kg dry air
h3  58 kJ/kg dry air 1 atm
3  0.013 kg H 2 O/kg dry air T1 = 14C T3 = 25C
AIR T2 = 20C
(a) The amount of moisture in the  1 = 70%  3 = 65%
air remains constant it flows
through the heating section ( 1 = 1 2 3
 2), but increases in the
humidifying section ( 3 >  2).
The amount of steam added to the
air in the heating section is
  3  2  0.013  0.007  0.006 kg H 2O/kg dry air

V
The mass flow rate of dry air ma   0.202 kg dry air/s
v1
ms  ma Δ  1.22 g/s
(b) The heat transfer to the air in the heating section per unit mass of air is
qin  h2  h1  38  32  6.1 kJ/kg dry air
Qin  ma qin  1.23 kW

3. An air conditioning system is to take in air at 1atm 34C, 70% relative humidity and flow
rate of 50m3/min and deliver it 22C and 60% relative humidity. The air first flows over
the cooling coils, where it is cooled and dehumidified, and then over the resistance
heating wires, where it is heated to the desired temperature. Assuming that the
condensate is removed from the cooling section at 10C, determine:
a) The temperature of the air before it enters the heating section;
b) The amount of heat removed in the cooling section
c) The amount of heat transferred in the heating section

Solution:

(a) The amount of moisture in the air decreases due to dehumidification ( 3 <  1), and
remains constant during heating ( 3 =  2). The inlet and the exit states of the air are
completely specified, and the total pressure is 1 atm. The intermediate state (state 2) is
 also known since 2 = 100% and  2 =  3. Therefore, we can determine the properties of
the air at all three states from the psychrometric chart to be

h1  95.2 kJ/kg dry air Cooling Heating

section section
1  0.0238 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
v1  0.902m 3 / kg dry air
T1 = 34C T3 = 22C
and T2
1 atm
h3  48 kJ/kg dry air  1 = 70%  3 = 60%
3  0.010 kg H 2O/kg dry air ( 2 ) AIR
1 2 3
Also,
hw  h f @10C  42.02 kJ/kg (Table A - 4) w 10C
h  39 kJ/kg dry air
@ 2  3 , 2  100% 2
T2  13.8C

(b) The amount of heat removed in the cooling section is determined from the energy balance
equation applied to the cooling section,
E  E in out

 mi hi   me he  Qout,cooling

Qout,cooling  ma1h1  (ma 2 h2  mw hw )  ma (h1  h2 )  mw hw
or, mass of dry air and condensed water,
V
ma1  1
 55.43kg / min
v1
mw  ma1 (1  2 )  55.43(0.0238  0.010)  0.765kg / min
The heat removed
Qout,cooling  ma1 (h1  h2 )  mw hw
 55.43(95.2  39)  0.765(42.02)
 3,083kJ/min  51.4kW
(c) The amount of heat supplied in the heating section
qin,heating  ma1 h3  h2   55.4348  39  500kJ/min  8.3kW

4. A stream of air with dry bulb temperature of 36C and wet bulb temperature of 30C is
mixed adiabatically with stream of saturated cool air at 12C. The dry air mass flow rates
 of the warm and cool air streams are 8 and 10 kg/s respectively. Assuming total pressure
of 1atm determine
e) The specific humidity at the exit
f) The temperature at the exit
g) The relative humidity at the exit

Solution:

The properties of each inlet stream are determined from the psychrometric chart to be
h1  99.4 kJ/kg dry air
1  0.0246 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
1 36C
and
h2  34.1 kJ/kg dry air 8 kg/s
 2  0.00873 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
Twb1 = 30C
The specific humidity and the enthalpy of the
3
mixture can be determined from Eqs. 14-24, which
P = 1 atm
are obtained by combining the conservation of mass 3 3
and energy equations for the adiabatic mixing of AIR
two streams: T3

ma1  2   3 h2  h3
  10 kg/s
ma 2  3  1 h3  h1
8 0.00873   3 34.1  h3 12C
 
10  3  0.0246 h3  99.4
2 100%
which yields,
(a) 3  0.0158 kg H 2 O/kg dry air
h3  63.1 kJ/kg dry air

These two properties fix the state of the mixture. Other properties of the mixture are determined
from the psychrometric chart:
(b) T3  22.8C

(c) 3  90.1%