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2 Issue VIII, August 2014

ISSN: 2321-9653

I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L F O R R E S E A R C H I N A P P L I E D S C I E N C E AN D
E N G I N E E R I N G T E C H N O L O G Y (I J R A S E T)

Review Paper to increase the throughput in

WiMax by solving the bottleneck problem of a
network
Bhavya singla1, Nisha2, Taruna Sikka3

1Bhavya singla , P.hd. scholar. (ECE), Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura-
2Nisha, P.hd. scholar (ECE), Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura-India
3Taruna sikka, p.hd. scholar (ECE), Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura-India

Abstract - Wi-MAX is a wireless data transmission technology which is used to transmit the data at very high speed over a large
distance. The WiMax methodology provides 72 Mega Bits per second without any requirement of physically connected
installation. WiMax technology is based on Standard that is IEEE 802.16, it usually also called as Broadband Wireless Access.
In WiMax technology data is transmitted through wireless methodology which gives a great technological improvements
compare to the other data transmission or broadband access technology. It has a no. of advantage over other transmission
technologies, high speed transmission and long coverage area. But, by the huge researcher WiMAX technology is ignored. So it
is required to examine the various methods for enhanced the quality of WiMAX in terms of the highest data rate with minimum
error. The given study will provide a clear understanding of importance of WiMAX techniques by using OFDM. OFDM enables
the best use of available bandwidth and the spectrum to represent a cost efficient network. But in a network there is always the
requirement to increase the security and the efficiency or the throughput of a multiuser communication in the OFDM network.
The results of the study will be give the idea about the possibility of Enhance of throughput of wimax by using OFDM.
Keywords - Wi-MAX, speed, OFDM, topologies

1. INTRODUCTION OF COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

For transmission of data from one place to another place

different modulation technology is used. Basic block diagram is
shown in fig. 1 which is given below. Or Communication is
defined as “The activity of conveying Information such as
(voice, data, pictures or graphs and video) which is originated at
one place (source) and sent to another place (destination), that is
some distance away from the source”
In this diagram original signal is generated through the
microphone and this signal is transmitted after modulate through
channel and at the side of receiver original signal is regenerated
after demodulation.
Fig. 1 Basic Communication System

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ISSN: 2321-9653

I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L F O R R E S E A R C H I N A P P L I E D S C I E N C E AN D
E N G I N E E R I N G T E C H N O L O G Y (I J R A S E T)

2. OVERVIEW OF OFDM

The basic strategy in OFDM is to perform on multicarrier

modulation method & to split high rate signals into no. of lower
rate multiple subsignals than that are transmitted back to back
over multiple orthogonal carrier frequency which gives batter
performance and benefits over other type of transmission
methodology, or traditional single-carrier modulation
methodology because it is a better fit with today’s high-speed
data requirements and operation in the UHF and microwave
spectrum [8]. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) is one of the multi-carrier modulation (MCM) Figure 2. Frequency responses of the sub carriers in a 5 tone
techniques in which signal is transmitted through multiple OFDM signal
carriers.
(a) Shows the spectrum of each carrier, and the discrete
3. FREQUENCY DOMAIN ORTHOGONALITY frequency samples seen by an OFDM receiver. Note, each
carrier is sinc, sin (x)/x, in shape.
The spectrum analyzed the Orthogonality property of OFDM (b) Shows the overall combined response of the 5 sub carriers
signals. As shown in fig.2 each sub carrier has a sinc, sin (x)/x, (thick black line).
frequency response in frequency domain. This is a result of the
symbol time by inversing of the carrier spacing. As far as the 4. WIMAX COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
receiver is afraid each OFDM symbol transmitted for a fixed
time (TFFT) with no tapering at the ends of the symbol. This WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
symbol time corresponds to the inverse of the sub carrier Access. By the use of these technology data can be transmitted
spacing of 1/TFFT Hz 1.The rectangular shape in time domain or received from one user to a no. of user use such as portables
results in sinc in frequency domain. The sinc has pictorial view i.e. Laptop, Desktop, Tablets etc. or fully mobile internet access
with a narrow main lobe and having many side-lobes with via point to multipoint links.its basic diagram is shown in fig.
slowly decaying with the magnitude of the frequency difference
away from the center. Each carrier has a peak at the center
frequency and nulls evenly spaced with a frequency gap equal to
the carrier spacing.
The orthogonal nature of the transmission is a result of
the peak of each sub carrier corresponding to the nulls of all
other sub carriers. When this signal is detected using a Discrete
Fourier Transform (DFT) the spectrum is not continuous as
shown in Figure 2 a), but has discrete samples. The sampled
spectrum is shown as ‘o’s in the figure. If the DFT is time
synchronized, the frequency samples of the DFT correspond to
just the peaks of the sub carriers, thus the overlapping frequency
region between sub carriers does not affect the receiver. The
Figure 3. wimax communication system
measured peaks correspond to the nulls for all other sub carriers,
resulting in orthogonality between the sub carriers [7].

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ISSN: 2321-9653

I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L F O R R E S E A R C H I N A P P L I E D S C I E N C E AN D
E N G I N E E R I N G T E C H N O L O G Y (I J R A S E T)
5. MECHNASIUM OF WIMAX WiMax receiver could be a WiMax enabled
computer, PCMCIA card, WiMax modem, mobile
In WiMax for high speed internet connection point to point internet devices or a standalone box. It works like a Wi-Fi
connectivity is required which is linked by fiber optic cable or network but in a broader coverage area.
microwave but in Point to multipoint connectivity is mesh
technology is used but basically point to point antennas is used
to connect different base stations and data can be transmitted
over a long distance. Base station can serve the customer
premise equipment using a point to multipoint connectivity
which could be either line of sight (LOS) or non line of sight
(NLOS). This figure 1.5 shows the point to multipoint non line
of sight connectivity between base station and businesses
residential subscriber.

6. DESIGNING OF WIMAX
Figure 5. WiMAX Receiver
WiMAX is designed to support high speed broadband
services. Usually it has
Two parts: 7. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. WiMax base station
2. WiMax receiver In year 2011, Amir R. Forouzan, Member, IEEE, LeeM. Garth,
has proposed “Novel Orthogonal Codes for Spectrally-Encoded
1. WiMax base station OFDM Systems in Fading Channels. In this paper, a novel
WiMax base station is similar to a cellular network orthogonal spreading code has been proposed for spectrally-
base station which consists of a WiMax tower and indoor encoded (SE) OFDM, a.k.a., spread-time (ST) OFDM with
electronics. Base station performs the MAC and PHY features. arbitrary pulse shape. It has been shown that it is possible to
retain the orthogonally of the code in the presence of tail
truncation by time windowing and in a general multipath fading
channel in which users experience different frequency
selectivity just by modifying the user code words. Simulation
results show that the proposed codes can achieve single user
performance when the code length is twice the number of
users[1].
We investigated various papers and Journals to study the work
done on this technology. The author of [2] discusses the
WiMAX OFDMA structure at the physical level of the
transmission. The author proposed techniques are suitable for
different kind of traffic and, therefore, can be used for
respecting different QoS requirements. The author of [3]
Figure 4. Wimax base station discusses the development of broadband wireless access using
It also handles the signaling and user scheduling. It is also WiMAX technology and it is used in the 4G mobile networks.
responsible for uplink and downlink bandwidth management on The author of [4] discusses Worldwide Interoperability for
a real time basis and frequency reuse. Following figure 4 and 5 Microwave Access (referred to as WiMAX) is a MAC and
shows the WiMax tower and indoor electronics. physical layer wireless communications technology for outdoor
broadband wireless coverage which results as an operational 4.9
2. WiMAX receiver GHz WiMAX in which controlled experiments could be

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I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L F O R R E S E A R C H I N A P P L I E D S C I E N C E AN D
E N G I N E E R I N G T E C H N O L O G Y (I J R A S E T)
conducted. The author of [5] discusses that WiMAX system
simulation model is achieved by Simulink first, and then
proposes a new frame synchronization algorithm based on
IEEE802.16d downlink frame structure. The author of [6]
discusses various modulation techniques to improve the data
speed of WiMAX.
8. PROBLEM DEFINED
WiMAX is one of the rising wireless data transmission
technologies that’s provides a very high speed data
transmission over the network. WiMAX networks have an
advantages over the other network is security & efficiency. But
in wimax technology when data is transmitted by mesh
topology where the different nodes are connected in a tree
network, a parent node has to perform the multiple inputs and
the multiple outputs. This situation is called the bottleneck
problem. This bottleneck problem results in network congestion
and packet loss. To resolve this problem OFDM data
transmission methodology is used.The OFDM gives a dynamic
frequency based utilization of the bandwidth. The proposed
work will result better efficiency, lower packet loss over the
WiMAX network and will improve the Quality Of Service
(QOS) by sharing and utilizing the bandwidth efficiently.
9. SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK
As we know a distributed network is required to share
the information as well as the resources. Because of this as the
number of nodes in the network increases the communication or
the load over the network increases. This load increases the
congestion that results delayed transmission, packet loss etc. In
short we can say as the network traffic increases the QOS
decreases. In some topologies this degradation in the QOS is
heavy. Such as in tree based topology a centralized node can
have heavy traffic over the network. The proposed work will
resolve this problem; improve the Quality of Service (QOS) by
sharing and utilizing the bandwidth efficiently.
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Vol. 2 Issue VIII, August 2014
ISSN: 2321-9653
REFERENCES
1. In year 2011, Amir R. Forouzan, Member, IEEE,
LeeM. Garth, has proposed “Novel Orthogonal Codes
for Spectrally-Encoded OFDM Systems in Fading
Channels.
2. Chin-Liang Wang, Yu-Chih Huang and Po-Chung
Shen (May 2006). “An Intercarrier Interference
suppression Technique using Time Domain windowing
for OFDM System”. Vehicular Technology Conference,
2006. VTC 2006-Spring. IEEE 63rd. 5, pp. 2518-2522
3. Eric Phillip Lawrey, “Adaptive Techniques for
multiuser OFDM” Phd Thesis.[Online]
http://www.skydsp.com/resources/OFDM_thesis_lawre
y.PDF
4. Marabissi, D.; Tarchi, D.; Fantacci, R.; Balleri,
F.Communications, (2008). “Efficient Adaptive
Modulation and Coding Techniquesfor WiMAX
Systems “IEEE International Conference, pp: 3383 –
3387.
5. Melki, M.; Hamouda, S.; Mohamed, S.O.; Tabbane, S.
(2009), "WiMAX sub channelization modes:
Performance analysis and spectrum efficiency
enhancement”, Communications Magazine, IEEE
Volume: 43, pp: 1 – 5.
6. Olariu, I.; Obreja, S.; Baraev, A. (June, 2012).
“Performance evaluation of a WiMAX mobile network
using smart antennas in a simulated environment” in
IEEE International Conference on Communications
(COMM). pp. 271-274
7. In Year 2004, Ki-Young Han performed a work,”
Channel Estimation for OFDM with Fast Fading
Channels by Modified Kalman Filter”.
8. R. Perets performed a work,” A New Phase and
Frequency Offset Estimation Algorithm for OFDM
Systems Applying Kalman Filter