CBLM

Date Developed: Document No.
SPUS-TM1-01
Trainers October 2, 2014 Issued by:
Methodology Level I Date Revised:
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Computer Hardware Engr. John Pearl
Servicing II Manungas Revision # 01
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………….. 2
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL……………... 3
LIST OF COMPETENCIES ……………………………………………………………….. 7
MODULE CONTENT……………………………………………………………………….. 8
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 DIAGNOSE FAULTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS…. 10
LEARNING EXPERIENCE 2…………………………………………………………. 12
INFORMATION 2.2-1 STRUCTURES OF OPERATING SYSTEM ……………. 13
SELF CHECK 2.2-1 …………………………………………………………………. 16
ANSWER KEYS 2.2-1 ………………………………………………………………. 18
INFORMATION SHEET 2.2-2 COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS ………. 19
SELF CHECK 2.2-2 ………………………………………………………………… 26
ANSWER KEYS 2.2-2 ……………………………………………………………… 28
INFORMATIONS SHEET 2.2-3 COMMON FAULTS & PROBLEM OF
COMPUTERS …………………………………………………………………………. 29
TASK SHEET 2.2-3 …………………………………………………………………. 45
INFORMATION SHEET 2.3-4 JOB ORDERS AND REPORTS…………………. 47
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………… 50
Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

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Introduction
This module covers the knowledge, skills
and attitudes needed to diagnose computer
systems and networks his module covers the
outcomes required in installing, assembling
and testing computers and common
peripherals.

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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING
MATERIAL
Welcome to the module in Diagnosing and troubleshooting

computer systems. This module contains training materials and activities
for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Diagnose and troubleshoot computer

systems" contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Computer
Servicing level (NCII).
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order

to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
are Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for
further reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow
these activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each
learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each
module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for
each self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator
for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this learner's guide because you have:
been working for some time
already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you don't have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to
your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the
unit/s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present
for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this
with your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record
important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will
assist you in providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record
of Achievement is also provided for your trainer to complete once you
complete the module.

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This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency,
in Constructing Aquaculture Facilities. This will be the source of information
for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade
independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help
from your instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided
into sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials
provided in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.

He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that
you listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice

on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular
work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory
and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the
activities outlined in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for
this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask
your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will
arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The
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results of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
Achievement Record.

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COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Install computer systems Installing computer systems ELC724318

1.
and networks and networks
Diagnose and Diagnosing and

2. troubleshoot computer troubleshooting computer ELC724319
systems systems
Configure computer Configuring computer ELC724320

3.
systems and networks systems and networks
Maintain computer Maintaining computer ELC724321

4.
systems and networks systems and networks

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MODULE CONTENT
QUALIFICATION TITLE: Computer Hardware Servicing NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Diagnose and troubleshoot computer system
MODULE TITLE: Diagnosing and troubleshooting computer system
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to

diagnose computer systems and networks
NOMINAL DURATION: 100 Hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Plan and prepare for diagnosis of faults of computer systems
2. Diagnose faults of computer systems
3. Repair defects in computer systems and networks
4. Test systems and networks
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Faults and error of computer system properly determined.
2. Tools (hardware/software) identified in accordance with its uses and
functions.
3. Safety precautions established in accordance with workplace
procedures
4. Components or parts of computer system clearly identified
5. Functions of the computer systems explained
6. Faults and failures of the computer systems diagnosed base on the job
requirements

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7. Defective components properly replaced and corrected
8. Error in networks clearly identified and repaired in line with standard
procedures
9. Computer systems and networks are tested in accordance with the job
requirements
10. Information are shared from one computer to another as primary
requirement in computer networking
11. Reports are prepared and completed according to the company
requirements

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 DIAGNOSE FAULTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
CONTENTS:
1. Parts and functions of computer system

2. Software (operating system, application software)
3. Electrical theory
4. Computer monitors
5. Techniques for diagnosing computer system
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Components or parts of computer system clearly identified

2. Functions of the computer systems explained
3. Faults and failures of the computer systems diagnosed base on the
job requirements
CONDITIONS
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Tools:
- Screw drivers (assorted)
- Pliers (assorted)
- Wrenches
- Utility software
 Materials:
- Connectors
- Adaptors
- Diskettes
- CD ROM
 Computer system:
- Complete set of working computer
- Spare of all components
 Testing devices:
- Multi-meter
- Oscilloscope
- Appropriate software

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ASSESSMENT METHOD
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 DIAGNOSE FAULTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 Read and understand the

(Structure of Operating information sheet
systems)and watch video Clip
(Understanding Operating System)
Evaluate yourself by answering the

Self Check 2.2-1, before proceeding
to the next activity
(Computer System Components) information sheet
and watch video Clip (Inside Desktop
Computer)
Evaluate yourself by answering the

Self Check 2.2-3, before proceeding
to the next activity
(Common faults and problems of information sheet
computers) and watch video Clip
(Diagnosing PC problems)
Perform the instructions stated in

the Task sheet 2.2-4, before
proceeding to the next activity

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INFORMATION SHEET 2.2-1
STRUCTURES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST able to:
1. Identify the basic structures of operating system.

2. Obtain knowledge about the functions of each structure.
Introduction
Operating system is a software used for communication between user
and the computer. It translates user’s instructions into commands or
computer language which is essential to perform a particular task.
These are the structures of the system we’ll be looking at:
 Process Management
 Main Memory Management
 File Management
 I/O System Management
 Secondary Management
 Networking
 Protection System
 Command-Interpreter System
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
A process is a program in execution: (A program is passive, a process active.)A

process has resources (CPU time, files) and attributes that must be managed.
Management of processes includes:
 Process Scheduling (priority, time management)

 Creation/termination
 Block/Unblock (suspension/resumption)
 Synchronization
 Communication

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 Deadlock handling
 Debugging
MAIN MEMORY MANAGEMENT
 Allocation/de-allocation for processes, files, I/O.

 Maintenance of several processes at a time
 Keep track of who's using what memory
 Movement of process memory to/from secondary storage
FILE MANAGEMENT
A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly, files

represent programs (both source and object forms) and data. The operating system
is responsible for the following activities in connections with file management:
 File creation and deletion.

 Directory creation and deletion.
 Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories.
 Mapping files onto secondary storage.
 File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media.
I/O MANAGEMENT
 Buffer caching system

 Generic device driver code
 Drivers for each device - translate read/write requests into disk
position commands.
SECONDARY STORAGE MANAGEMENT
 Disks, tapes, optical, ...

 Free space management ( paging/swapping )
 Storage allocation ( what data goes where on disk )
 Disk scheduling
NETWORKING
 Communication system between distributed processors.

 Getting information about files/processes/etc. on a remote machine.
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 Can use either a message passing or a shared memory mode
PROTECTION
 Of files, memory, CPU, etc.

 Means controlling of access
 Depends on the attributes of the file and user
SYSTEM PROGRAMS
 Command Interpreters -- Program that accepts control statements (shell,

GUI interface, etc.)
 Compilers/linkers
 Communications (ftp, telnet, etc.)

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Self-Check 2.2-1
Multiple Choice:
Choose the best answer. Encircle the letter of the correct answer for each question.
1. A process is a program in execution: (A program is passive, a process

active.)A process has resources (CPU time, files) and attributes that must be
managed.
A. Process Management
B. Main Memory Management
C. File Management
D. Secondary Management
2. Management that involves Allocation/de-allocation for processes, files, I/O,

Maintenance of several processes at a time, Keep track of who's using what
memory and Movement of process memory to/from secondary storage
C. File Management
3. A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly,

files represent programs (both source and object forms) and data. The
operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections
with file management
C. File Management
4. Management that involves Buffer caching system, Generic device

driver code and Drivers for each device - translate read/write requests
into disk position commands.

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C. I/O Management
5. Management that involves Communication system between

distributed processors, getting information about files/processes/etc.
on a remote machine. Can use either a message passing or a shared
memory mode.
C. I/O Management
D. Networking

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ANSWER KEYS 2.2-1
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. D

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COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
1. Enumerate the computer system components.

2. Identify and discuss briefly the components.
3. Familiarize the functions of each component.
Introduction
A computer system is composed of main hardware components in
order to run accurately and efficiently.
Figure1. The main hardware Components of a Computer system
INPUT DEVICES
In computing, an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer
hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information
processing system such as a computer or other information appliance.
Examples:
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanners
 Digital Cameras
 Joysticks

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OUTPUT DEVICES
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to

communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information
processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated
information into human-readable form.
Example:
 Monitor
 Projector
 Printer
 Speaker
STORAGE DEVICES
Data storage device, a device for recording information, which could range
from handwriting to video or acoustic recording, or to electromagnetic energy
modulating magnetic tape and optical discs.
Example:
 RAM (Random Access Memory)

 Floppy Disks
 USB flash drives
 Memory Cards
 ROM (Read Only Memory)
What’s Inside the Computer?
CPU/Processor

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A CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside
the computer case on the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the
computer, and its job is to carry out commands. Whenever you press a key, click
the mouse, or start an application, you're sending instructions to the CPU.
The CPU is generally a 2-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located
inside. The chip is usually about the size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the
motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by the heat sink, an object that
absorbs heat from the CPU.
A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of

instructions per second, and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per
second. A faster processor can execute instructions more quickly. However, the
actual speed of the computer depends on the speed of many different components -
not just the processor.
There are many processor manufacturers for personal computers, but the
most well-known ones are Intel and AMD.
MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard

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The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate
that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives,
expansion cards to control the video and audio, as well as connections to your
computer's ports (such as the USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or
indirectly to every part of the computer.
Power Supply Unit
A power supply unit
The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall
outlet to the type of power needed by the computer. It sends power through the
cables to the motherboard and other components.
If you decide to open the computer case and take a look, make sure to
unplug the computer first. Before touching the inside of the computer, you should
touch a grounded metal object (or a metal part of the computer casing) to discharge
any static buildup. Static electricity can be transmitted through the computer
circuits and ruin them.
RAM (Random Access Memory)

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RAM
RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer

performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.
This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off. If

you're working on a document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save
it to avoid losing it. When you save a file, the data is written to the hard drive,
which acts as long-term storage.
RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM

you have, the more things your computer can do at the same time. If you don't
have enough RAM, you may notice that your computer is sluggish when you have
several programs open. Because of this, many people add extra RAM to their
computers to improve performance.
A bit is the smallest unit of data in computer processing. A byte is a group

of eight bits. A megabyte contains about one million bytes, and a gigabyte is about
one billion bytes.
Hard Drive
A hard drive
The hard drive is the data center of the computer. This is where the
software is installed, and it's also where your documents and other files are stored.
The hard drive is long-term storage, which means the data is still saved even if
you turn the computer off or unplug it.

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When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of the
data from the hard drive onto the RAM so that it can access the data more easily.
When you save a file, the data is copied back to the hard drive. The faster the hard
drive is, the faster your computer can start up and load programs.
Most hard drives are hard disk drives, which store data on a magnetic
platter. Some computers now use solid-state drives (also called flash hard
drives). These are faster and more durable than hard disk drives, but they are also
more expensive.
A USB flash drive is basically a small, removable flash hard drive that plugs
into a USB port. These are a convenient way to bring your files with you and open
them on a different computer.
If you're using Windows, you can view information about your computer's
RAM and processor speed without opening up your computer. Just go to the
Control Panel (in the Start menu) and click System and Security. In Mac OS X,
you can view this information by clicking the Apple icon and selecting About This
Mac.
Expansion Cards
Most computers have expansion slots on the motherboard that allow
you to add various types of expansion cards. These are sometimes called
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) cards. You may never have to
add any PCI cards, as most motherboards have built-in video, sound,
network, and other capabilities. However, if you want to boost the
performance of your computer or update the capabilities of an older
computer, you can always add one or more cards. Below are some of the
most common types of expansion cards:
Video card
A video card

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The video card is responsible for what you see on the monitor. Most
computers have a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) built into the
motherboard, instead of having a separate video card. If you like playing
graphics-intense games on the computer, you can add a faster video card to
one of the expansion slots to get better performance.
Sound Card
The sound card, also called an audio card, is responsible for what
you hear in the speakers or headphones. Most motherboards have
integrated sound, but you can upgrade to a dedicated sound card for higher
quality sound.
Network Card
The network card allows your computer to communicate over a
network and access the internet. It can either connect with an Ethernet
cable or through a wireless connection (often called Wi-Fi). Many
motherboards have built-in network connections, and a network card can
also be added to an expansion slot.
Bluetooth Card
A Bluetooth dongle
Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication over short

distances. It's often used in computers to communicate with wireless
keyboards, mice, and printers. It's often built into the motherboard or

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Self-Check 2.2-2
Identification and Discussion:

Identify the name of each component shown in the picture and describe
each part briefly.
1.
2.
3.
4.

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5.
6.

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ANSWER KEYS 2.2-3
1. CPU, The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called a processor, is

located inside the computer case on the motherboard
2. The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that
holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives,
expansion cards to control the video and audio,
3. The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet
to the type of power needed by the computer. It sends power through the cables
to the motherboard and other components.
3. RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer
performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is
needed.
4. The hard drive is the data center of the computer. This is where the
software is installed, and it's also where your documents and other files are
stored. The hard drive is long-term storage, which means the data is still
saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.
5. The video card is responsible for what you see on the monitor. Most
computers have a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) built into the
motherboard, instead of having a separate video card. If you like
playing graphics-intense games on the computer, you can add a faster
video card to one of the expansion slots to get better performance.

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COMMON FAULTS AND PROBLEMS OF COMPUTER
1. Diagnose PC Hardware and Software problems.

2. Troubleshoot detected hardware and software problems.
3. Isolate defective hardware components.
Introduction
Today's computers have faster microprocessors, more memory and

bigger hard drives. When you think about the differences between a
Pentium 4 and 386, you have to conclude the improvement is
astounding! But when error attacks your computer you have to do
something for the computers to survive. Here are some of the common
faults and problems that you may encounter:
1. Why computer becomes slow?
• You need more memory.
Don't overlook the obvious. Up until recently not having enough memory
wasn't a problem. With the price of RAM becoming very affordable, most people
were filling their computers with more than enough memory to do the job. If your
computer is slow and it has lower capacity of RAM, you need to add more memory
to speed it up.
 Spyware and viruses
Spyware. It is a software program that is intentionally

installed on the computer by the user to monitor or spy
on what the other users of the same computer is doing.
For this program to be effective, you have to keep up to date.
By up to date, it means up to the minute.

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Virus. A software program, macro or script that has been
designed to infect, destroy, modify or cause other problems
with computer or software program.
 Background programs
When you install new software on your computer, often times you install it
to run in the background every time you start up. Most times you do this without
knowing it. Look at the bottom right hand side of your screen. If you see several
icons there, you have extra programs running and stealing resources. Right click
on these and see if you have the option of closing them. Many times, you can open
the program and choose an option to keep these programs from starting
automatically.
• Corrupted registry
Any changes you make to your computer effects and actually, it corrupts
your registry even when you do something positive like remove spyware and you
end up with a corrupted registry. After months of corrupting your registry, it will
become good. This will, in its early stages, cause your computer to slow down. In its
advanced stages, it will freeze and crash and do more mysterious and troublesome
things.
2. After I pressing the Power button...
Nothing happened
• Check mains plug switched on at wall
• PSU may have its own power switch - check this is on
 Check PSU-to-Motherboard cable(s) are correctly connected

• Check front panel power switch is correctly connected
• Check Reset button is not stuck 'in'
• Check mains cable fuse
There was a loud bang (possibly with smoke) at the back of the PC Case
• PSU was faulty or set to incorrect voltage for mains supply system. Replace PSU

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PC is on but monitor shows no display and a sequence of beeps emits from the
PC
• Check fitting of CPU, RAM, Video card, sound card etc. If necessary, remove and
refit these components
• Check the motherboard manual and perform a BIOS reset procedure
• This may indicate a faulty motherboard
PC is on but monitor shows no display and one beep emits from the
PC
• Check monitor is switched on at the wall socket
• Check monitor power cable is connected correctly
• Check that the monitor's signal cable is connected correctly to both the
PC and Monitor
• Check that the monitor is switched on at its front panel
• This may indicate a faulty video card
PC is on but there are no power and/or HDD lights on the PC case

front panel
• Check correct connection of front panel connectors to the motherboard
(see motherboard manual)
• This 'may' indicate a faulty Motherboard
PC is on but HDD does not spin up

• Check power connector to HDD is properly connected
• Check IDE ribbon cable is correctly connected to both Motherboard and
HDD
• This may indicate a faulty Hard Drive
PC is on but CD-ROM shows no lights/will not eject tray

• Check power connector to CD-ROM is properly connected

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• Check IDE ribbon cable is correctly connected to both Motherboard and
CD-ROM
• This may indicate a faulty CD-ROM Drive
PC is on but the CPU fan/fans do not spin

• Disconnect the power immediately to prevent damage to the
CPU from overheating
• Check fan power cables are correctly connected to the
relevant power connector (in most cases, a motherboard
FAN connector or one of the PSU power connectors)
• Disconnect the power and carefully spin the fan blades
with a finger. If there is any resistance to this movement,
this may indicate a faulty fan unit
On boot up, the monitor shows corrupted display

• Check seating of CPU, RAM, Video card, sound card etc. If necessary,
remove and refit these components
• Check the motherboard manual and perform a BIOS reset procedure
• This may indicate a faulty Motherboard or Video card
On boot up, display shows incorrect CPU type/speed
• Check the motherboard manual for the appropriate CPU jumper
settings (where applicable)
• Check BIOS settings for CPU type (see Motherboard Manual)
• Perform a BIOS reset procedure
• Perform a BIOS update (with an updated BIOS, the Motherboard may
support your CPU)
• This may indicate a faulty/old motherboard
On boot up, display shows incorrect RAM total

• Check correct seating of Memory Modules in slots
• In cases of two or more modules, this may indicate a faulty module
• This may indicate a faulty/old motherboard
On boot up, display shows - FDD/Keyboard/Mouse not found (or

similar)

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• Check correct connection of device described, In the case of the FDD,
check its ribbon and power connections
• Check that the BIOS is configured correctly for the device described
• This may indicate a fault with the described device or Motherboard
The monitor shows no picture

• Is the power light on?
• Are the cables plugged in?
• Check brightness and contrast settings.
• Swap the monitor with another one, reboot the machine and see if it
works. If the computer works the monitor has probably gone bad. If it
still fails to work, something in the CPU perhaps a video card has
gone bad.
Computer displays limited colors.

• Check display options for the monitor usually under control panel
under the display icon. Select at least 256 colors for standard display.
If you had 16 color selected, this may be why your screen displays
limited colors. Some programs such as Fast Cat require you to set
display settings to 256 colors.
Signs of Video Display Troubles

If your screen is completely white or gray and you hear buzzing noises,
this could indicate video card troubles. Before you panic, make sure
all cables are secured from monitor to CPU. Try using another power
cord for the monitor to see if this may be the problem.
If screen appears distorted around the edges and the color does not look
right, you may have incorrect display adapters. Select Start, Settings,
and Control Panel. Double click on System Icon and select Device
Manager. You will see a listing of devices. Double click on Display
adapters to view the type. If there is a yellow exclamation point next to
device, there is a conflict. To view conflicts for a certain device, click
on the device, select properties, and select the general tab. There
should be a description of the device and why it is not working
properly.

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Printer Does Not Print.
• Are all cables connected and is the printer turned on?
• Is the printer online?
• Is there paper in the tray?
• Is the printer an Inkjet/DeskJet or a LaserJet?
• If it's an inkjet, is the ink cartridge out of ink. Remove cartridge, hold
up to light or gently shake it to see if it is empty.
Things to Try...
Do you have correct print drivers installed? Find print drivers under
Device Manager.
• Check to be sure you have correct print drivers installed. Double click
on System Icon and select Device Manager. You will see a listing of
devices. Double click on the Ports button to view the type. If there is a
yellow exclamation point next to device, there is a conflict.
Computer POST / beep codes
POST ABCs
The computer POST (Power On Self Test) tests the computer,

insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements
and that all hardware is working properly before starting the
remainder of the boot process. If the computer passes the
POST the computer will have a single beep (with some
computer BIOS manufacturers it may beep twice) as the
computer starts and the computer will continue to start
normally. However, if the computer fails the POST, the
computer will either not beep at all or will generate a beep
code, which tells the user the source of the problem.
The steps of a POST
Each time the computer boots up the computer must past

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the POST. Below is the common steps a POST performs each
time your computer starts.
1. Test the power supply to ensure that it is turned on and

that it releases its reset signal.
2. CPU must exit the reset status mode and thereafter be able
to execute instructions.
3. BIOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be
readable.
4. CMOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be
readable.
5. CPU must be able to read all forms of memory such as the
memory controller, memory bus, and memory module.
6. The first 64KB of memory must be operational and have the
capability to be read and written to and from, and capable
of containing the POST code.
7. I/O bus / controller must be accessible.
8. I/O bus must be able to write / read from the video
subsystem and be able to read all video RAM.
If the computer does not pass any of the above tests, your
computer will receive an irregular POST. An irregular POST
is a beep code that is different from the standard one or two
beeps. This could be either no beeps at all or a combination
of different beeps indicating what is causing the computer
not to past the POST.
Can do to resolve the issue or help determine what hardware

has failed in the computer so it can be replaced. If you're
getting a beep code the remainder of this page contains a
listing of each of the major manufacturers beep codes and
what they each mean.
AMI BIOS beep codes
Below are the AMI BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the
wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep
codes may vary.
Beep Code Descriptions
1 short DRAM refresh failure
2 short Parity circuit failure

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3 short Base 64K RAM failure
4 short System timer failure
5 short Process failure
6 short Keyboard controller Gate A20 error
7 short Virtual mode exception error
8 short Display memory Read/Write test failure
9 short ROM BIOS checksum failure
10 short CMOS shutdown Read/Write error
11 short Cache Memory error
1 long, 3 short Conventional/Extended memory failure
1 long, 8 short Display/Retrace test failed
AWARD BIOS beep codes
Below are Award BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the
wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep
codes may vary.
Beep Code Description
Indicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS

1 long, 2
cannot initialize the video screen to display any
short
additional information
Any other
RAM problem.
beep(s)

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If any other correctable hardware issues, the BIOS will display a message.
IBM BIOS beep codes
Below are IBM BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the
wide variety of models shipping with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.
Beep Code Description
No Beeps No Power, Loose Card, or Short.
1 Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok.
POST error, review screen for error

2 Short Beep
code.
Continuous Beep No Power, Loose Card, or Short.
Repeating Short Beep No Power, Loose Card, or Short.
One Long and one Short Beep Motherboard issue.
Video (Mono/CGA Display Circuitry)

One Long and Two Short Beeps
issue.
One Long and Three Short

Video (EGA) Display Circuitry.
Beeps.
Three Long Beeps Keyboard / Keyboard card error.
One Beep, Blank or Incorrect

Video Display Circuitry.
Display
Macintosh startup tones

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Tones Error
Error Tone. (two sets of Problem with logic board or SCSI

different tones) bus.
Startup tone, drive spins, no

Problem with video controller.
video
Powers on, no tone. Logic board problem.
High Tone, four higher tones. Problem with SIMM.
Phoenix BIOS beep codes
Below are the beep codes for PHOENIX BIOS Q3.07 OR 4.X
Beep Code Description / What to Check
1-1-1-3 Verify Real Mode.
1-1-2-1 Get CPU type.
1-1-2-3 Initialize system hardware.
Initialize chipset registers with initial

1-1-3-1
POST values.
1-1-3-2 Set in POST flag.
1-1-3-3 Initialize CPU registers.
Initialize cache to initial POST

1-1-4-1
values.
1-1-4-3 Initialize I/O.

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1-2-1-1 Initialize Power Management.
Load alternate registers with initial

1-2-1-2
POST values.
1-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch0.
1-2-2-1 Initialize keyboard controller.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM checksum.
1-2-3-1 8254 timer initialization.
1-2-3-3 8237 DMA controller initialization.
Reset Programmable Interrupt

1-2-4-1
Controller.
1-3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh.
1-3-1-3 Test 8742 Keyboard Controller.
1-3-2-1 Set ES segment to register to 4 GB.
1-3-3-1 28 Autosize DRAM.
1-3-3-3 Clear 512K base RAM.
1-3-4-1 Test 512 base address lines.
1-3-4-3 Test 512K base memory.
1-4-1-3 Test CPU bus-clock frequency.
1-4-2-4 Reinitialize the chipset.

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1-4-3-1 Shadow system BIOS ROM.
1-4-3-2 Reinitialize the cache.
1-4-3-3 Autosize cache.
1-4-4-1 Configure advanced chipset registers.
Load alternate registers with CMOS

1-4-4-2
values.
2-1-1-1 Set Initial CPU speed.
2-1-1-3 Initialize interrupt vectors.
2-1-2-1 Initialize BIOS interrupts.
2-1-2-3 Check ROM copyright notice.
Initialize manager for PCI Options

2-1-2-4
ROMs.
Check video configuration against

2-1-3-1
CMOS.
2-1-3-2 Initialize PCI bus and devices.
Initialize all video adapters in

2-1-3-3
system.
2-1-4-1 Shadow video BIOS ROM.
2-1-4-3 Display copyright notice.
2-2-1-1 Display CPU type and speed.
2-2-1-3 Test keyboard.

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2-2-2-1 Set key click if enabled.
2-2-2-3 56 Enable keyboard.
2-2-3-1 Test for unexpected interrupts.
Display prompt Press F2 to enter

2-2-3-3
SETUP.
2-2-4-1 Test RAM between 512 and 640k.
2-3-1-1 Test expanded memory.
2-3-1-3 Test extended memory address lines.
2-3-2-3 Configure advanced cache registers.
2-3-3-1 Enable external and CPU caches.
2-3-3-3 Display external cache size.
2-3-4-1 Display shadow message.
2-3-4-3 Display non-disposable segments.
2-4-1-1 Display error messages.
2-4-1-3 Check for configuration errors.
2-4-2-1 Test real-time clock.
2-4-2-3 Check for keyboard errors
2-4-4-1 Set up hardware interrupts vectors.

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2-4-4-3 Test coprocessor if present.
3-1-1-1 Disable onboard I/O ports.
Detect and install external RS232

3-1-1-3
ports.
Detect and install external parallel

3-1-2-1
ports.
3-1-2-3 Re-initialize onboard I/O ports.
3-1-3-1 Initialize BIOS Data Area.
3-1-3-3 Initialize Extended BIOS Data Area.
3-1-4-1 Initialize floppy controller.
3-2-1-1 Initialize hard-disk controller.
Initialize local-bus hard-disk

3-2-1-2
controller.
3-2-2-1 Disable A20 address line.
3-2-2-3 Clear huge ES segment register.
3-2-3-1 Search for option ROMs.
3-2-3-3 Shadow option ROMs.
3-2-4-1 Set up Power Management.
3-2-4-3 Enable hardware interrupts.

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3-3-1-1 Set time of day.
3-3-1-3 Check key lock.
3-3-3-1 Erase F2 prompt.
3-3-3-3 Scan for F2 key stroke.
3-3-4-1 Enter SETUP.
3-3-4-3 Clear in-POST flag.
3-4-1-1 Check for errors
POST done--prepare to boot

3-4-1-3
operating system.
3-4-2-1 One beep.
3-4-2-3 Check password (optional).
3-4-3-1 Clear global descriptor table.
3-4-4-1 Clear parity checkers.
3-4-4-3 Clear screen (optional).
3-4-4-4 Check virus and backup reminders.
4-1-1-1 Try to boot with INT 19.
4-2-1-1 Interrupt handler error.
4-2-1-3 Unknown interrupt error.
4-2-2-1 Pending interrupt error.

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4-2-2-3 Initialize option ROM error.
4-2-3-1 Shutdown error.
4-2-3-3 Extended Block Move.
4-2-4-1 Shutdown 10 error.
4-3-1-3 Initialize the chipset.
4-3-1-4 Initialize refresh counter.
4-3-2-1 Check for Forced Flash.
4-3-2-2 Check HW status of ROM.
4-3-2-3 BIOS ROM is OK.
4-3-2-4 Do a complete RAM test.
4-3-3-1 Do OEM initialization.
4-3-3-2 Initialize interrupt controller.
4-3-3-3 Read in bootstrap code.
4-3-3-4 Initialize all vectors.
4-3-4-1 Boot the Flash program.
4-3-4-2 Initialize the boot device.
4-3-4-3 Boot code was read OK.

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TASK SHEET 2.2-3
Title: Identifying common faults and errors of computers
Performance Objective: Given the necessary tools, materials and

equipment, identify the common faults and errors
of computer when you detached the following
computer components.
Supplies/Materials : Personal Protective Equipment, motherboard

driver and manual and basic hand tools
Equipment : System unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse and

printer
Steps/Procedure:
1. Prepare a running computer system.

2. After that based on the table below remove each component one at a time
then turn on the computer system. After removing one component,
return it and proceed to the next component.
Note: Make sure the computer system is turn off before removing or
placing each component.
Device Name Port Error message
KEYBOARD PS/2
MOUSE PS/2
HARD DISK IDE CABLE /

SATA CABLE
FLOPPY DISK RIBBON CABLE

DRIVE
CD-ROM DRIVE IDE CABLE

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3. List the messages or errors it will prompt you.
Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-3
You will be assessed using the following criteria.
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you observed the following?
Safety procedures are observed
All the peripherals are properly inspected
Standard checking of peripherals strictly noted
Proper boot-up and shut down of computer is

observed.

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REPORTS & JOB ORDERS
1. Determine the proper procedure in handling Job orders / Service Requests.

2. Obtain knowledge on how to prepare Service Request Form before and after
the Job Order is done.
3. Obtain knowledge on how to prepare and complete reports according
to the company requirements.
Introduction
Saint Paul University Surigao follows certain procedure in handling

computer service requests. First and foremost the requestor should secure a
copy of the ICT Service request form, after supplying necessary information
needed the Head of the ICT Services shall assign a staff to perform the said
request and the requestor verifies the task completion through the service
request form.

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ICT Service request form.
Before a job order / task is done the requesting employee is obliged to fill
up the ICT Service Request form.
Necessary fields of the ICT Service Request form:

1. Date Filed – date when the request was filed.
2. Requested by – the name of the requestor.
3. Department – the department needed the service request.
4. Department Head – the head of the said department.
5. Type of service –
a. Installation – choose between hardware or software installation.
b. Repair – indicate computer number and problems encountered.
c. Assistance – choose between network assistance, installation of
multimedia equipment, back up files, software applications, file
recovery, virus scan and others.
6. Computer Laboratory in-charge – person responsible of computers
inside the laboratory.
7. Head, ICT Services – person responsible of overall ICT Services.
After all the necessary fields are properly filled up and all signatories are
evident the actual computer hardware servicing will take place.
During the task completion the verification area of the service request form
shall be filled up to verify the service completion.
Completely Signed Service Request Form

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Completed ICT Service Request forms are filed and encoded to
Computerized System for record keeping. Monthly this system
generates Accomplishment Report per staff.
ICT Computerized System

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Bibliography
Websites
Computer Hardware Servicing (2012) from

http://kapitolyohs.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/k-to-12-pc-hardware-
servicing-learning-module.pdf
Operating Systems from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
Basics of Computer from www.youtube.com/ Basics of Computers.
Occupational Health and safety from www.youtube.com/ Occupational

Health and safety
Computer Basics- Understanding Operating Systems – YouTube, from

www.youtube.com/ Computer Basics- Understanding Operating Systems –
YouTube
Diagnose computer system from www.youtube.com/ diagnose computer

system
How to configure LAN –from www.youtube.com/ How to Configure a –LAN
Inside a Desktop Computer from www.youtube.com/ Inside a Desktop

Computer
Computer system Components from

http://www.oopweb.com/Java/Documents/JavaNotes/Volume/chap01/ch
01_3.html
Computer Beep codes from http://www.computerhope.com/beep.htm
Computer Troubleshooting Flowchart from

http://www.fonerbooks.com/pcrepair.htm
Advanced networking from

http://www.vutube.edu.pk/index.php?option=com_ninjaboard&view=attach
ment&id=347&post=156&format=file&Itemid=701

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Other Materials
Competency Based Learning Materials: “Planning Training Sessions”,

TESDA National TVET Trainers Academy

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Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

Welcome to the module in Diagnosing and troubleshooting

The unit of competency “Diagnose and troubleshoot computer

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.

 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice

 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Install computer systems Installing computer systems ELC724318

Diagnose and Diagnosing and

Configure computer Configuring computer ELC724320

Maintain computer Maintaining computer ELC724321

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

QUALIFICATION TITLE: Computer Hardware Servicing NC II

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Diagnose and troubleshoot computer system

MODULE TITLE: Diagnosing and troubleshooting computer system

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to

NOMINAL DURATION: 100 Hours

1. Plan and prepare for diagnosis of faults of computer systems

2. Diagnose faults of computer systems

3. Repair defects in computer systems and networks

4. Test systems and networks

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

1. Parts and functions of computer system

1. Components or parts of computer system clearly identified

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information Sheet 2.2-1 Read and understand the

Evaluate yourself by answering the

Evaluate yourself by answering the

Perform the instructions stated in

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST able to:

1. Identify the basic structures of operating system.

A process is a program in execution: (A program is passive, a process active.)A

Management of processes includes:

 Process Scheduling (priority, time management)

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

MAIN MEMORY MANAGEMENT

 Allocation/de-allocation for processes, files, I/O.

A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly, files

 File creation and deletion.

 Buffer caching system

SECONDARY STORAGE MANAGEMENT

 Disks, tapes, optical, ...

 Communication system between distributed processors.

 Of files, memory, CPU, etc.

 Command Interpreters -- Program that accepts control statements (shell,

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01

1. A process is a program in execution: (A program is passive, a process

2. Management that involves Allocation/de-allocation for processes, files, I/O,

3. A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly,

4. Management that involves Buffer caching system, Generic device

Date Developed: Document No. SPUS-TM1-01