BESUT, TERENGGANU

NAME : AHMAD MUKHRIZ BIN MAHDZIR

CLASS : 2 AL-KHAWARIZMI
COLLEGE NO. : 09228

SUBJECT TEACHER : PUAN ROZITA

STAR AND GALAXY

The sun

Characteristic of sun………………………………………………………………

Structure of sun……………………………………………………………………

Phenomena that occur……………………………………………………………

Effects of the phenomena………………………………………………………..

Generation of energy by sun…………………………………………………….

Stars and galaxies

Stars………………………………………………………………………………..

Classification of stars……………………………………………………………..

Birth of star…………………………………………………………………………

Death of star……………………………………………………………………….

Constellation…………………………………………………………...................

Types of galaxy……………………………………………………………………

The universe………………………………………………………………………

SPACE EXPLORATION

Development in the field of astronomy

Contribution of astronomer………………………………………………………..

Development in space exploration……………………………………………….

Application of technology………………………………………………………….
The sun actually a star of moderate size
The centre of our solar system

The sun takes 25 1/3 days to rotate on its axis from west to east.
 SIZE(DIAMETER)
MASS 1.4 million km

1.989x 1030

DENSITY SURFACE TEMPERATURE

1.41g cm-3(compared 6000 0C

with density of water )

TEMPERATURE OF

SUN’S CORE
15 million 0c
 • The structure of the sun

CHROMOSPHERE
CORONA
Bright red layer gas below the corona
Outer most layer of gas in the sun’s atmosphere
Only visible during eclipse of the sun
Corona forms a circle of white light around the
Temperature varies between 10000 and 500000 degree celcius
Only visible during eclipse the sun
Temperature is about 1.5 million degree celcius

PHOTOSPHERE
Compact layer of gases seen to be shining with yellow light from earth
Photosphere’s surface appears turbulent because gas form the sun’s core is release to its surface
This layer is responsible for radiating heat and light from the sun
 Nuclear reaction occurs in the core all the time to generate
The and released heat
core’s temperature and light energy.
is extremely high. It’s about 15 mil
Consists of hydrogen and helium gases
 • corona and chromospheres can only be seen
during an eclipse of the sun

An explosion of hot gas that shoots out from the sun’s chromospheres wi
Can be seen near the edge of the sun during eclipse of the sun
PROMINENCE Prominence emits charged particles and ultraviolet rays into outer space

ong explosion of gases that happen suddenly into outer space

emits rays like gamma and x- rays
phenomena occurs for only a few minutes or a few hours but it released a great deal of energy.
 SOLAR FLARES

SUNSPOT

Dark spots on the surface of the sun’s photosphere

Has a lower temperature (4000 degree Celsius) than its surroundings (6000 degre

➢ SUNSPOT

➢
• SOLAR FLARES
 ➢ PROMINENCE

es reach the north pole or theColorful light of

south pole that
theconsist of green
earth and collide, yellow and
with gas red light are
molecules produced.
in the The light can be
atmosphere.

sun like cosmic rays This

, x-rays and disturbance
causes gamma raystowill
thecollide with particles
communications in thelike
system earth’s atmosphere.
television and radio broadcast, t
 nuclear reaction that takes place in the sun’s core generates energy
Consists of hydrogen and helium gases

, 2 hydrogen atoms fuse to form 1 helium atom. Heat and light energy are released
 • Nuclear reaction that occur in the sun’s core

Generates energy through nuclear reactions

A natural object in outer space that cam released heat and l

 A star that is nearest to earth

of a star from the earth is measured in unit light years.

TEMPERATURE BRIGHTNESS
ds on its temperature. Very low temperature red, while a hottest star is blue in colour
Apparent magnitude is measurement of brightness. The lower magnitude valu

SUPERGIANT
Very big star. 100 times bigger than su

SIZE
Different stars have different sizes.
 GIANT STAR
DWARF STAR Tens of times bigger than sun
Very small star , smaller than Earth
 STAR
Born from nebula NEBULA
gh, nuclear reaction occurs. A lot of heat and light energy are released, the core shines and star is born.

A large cloud that consist of dust and g

e pulled by strong gravitational force to form a lump and causes the lump of gases to shirk and it compressed until
 Star will die when hydrogen gas in its core is used up in nuclear
reaction.

A group of stars that forms a certain patte

knowledge of the constellation were used as a calendar and compass
 • Example of constellation

ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES SPIRAL

Example : Example:
Galaxy m87 in virgo Milky way and androme
 IRREGULAR
Example :
Magellan cloud

The universe is defined as all of outer space and everything in it

of millions galaxies. Galaxies are scattered in the universe

The universe and the position of the galaxies. Milky way and
also solar system.
 Astronomy is the field of study about natural objects in the sky
Ancient astronomers like the Greeks had tried to explain

Ancient astronomers from the middle east , china and India had made observation about the movements of the
ploration was first done from earth with use of a telescope

Rockets, man-made satellites, space stations and space shuttles were later invente
Refracting telescope reflecting telescope radio telescope

Voyager 2 was a spaceship that was launched

to explore planets In and outside the solar system

Space shuttle

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