5ESS- Lucent’s most current all-digital switch.

A 5ESS may serve as a local or tandem switch, depending on what features are ordered and programmed into its software Backbone- A major, heavily trafficked
connection between a carrier’s POP. Circuit Switching- A method of switching in which a connection is established between 2 nodes before they began transmitting data. In circuit switching, bandwidth is dedicated
to the connection and remains available only to the original source and destination nodes until those users terminate the connection. While the nodes are connected, all data follows the same path first selected by the
switch DMS- Digital Multiplexed System – A series of local and tandem switches supplies by Nortel. DMS competes with and provides similar features to Lucent’s ESS line of switches. In-Band Signaling- A type of
switch signaling that uses the same communication channel as the info being exchanged over the channel. Interoffice Signaling- The exchange of alert, supervisory, and other information between switches at different
CO’s On/Off Hook- A telecommunications term that means the condition of the line when a telephone handset is lifted, or taken off its hook. An off-hook closes the local line circuit, causing a small amount of current
to flow over the line. On-hook, its local line circuit cannot be closed. Packet Switching- A method of switching in which data are separated into packets before they are transported. Packets are free to travel any path
on the network to their destination, because each packet contains a destination address and information about where its data belongs in the dat a stream. Packets are reassembled in their proper order at the receiving end.
PCM- Pulse Code Modulation – Process of converting analog signals into digital signals. Sampling Rate- Number of samples of an analog wave’s amplitude taken each second to create a digital representation of the wave.
SS7- Signaling System No. 7 – An ITU standard specifying how switches should exchange alert, addressing, supervisory and transmission information over a digital network. SS7 is a type of CCS employed on modern
telephony systems. SLIC- Subscriber Line Interface Circuit – A component inside a local switch that provides battery power to a subscriber’s line and detects when the telephone hand set is off-hook.
Subscriber Loop Signaling- The exchange of info about a telephone circuit over the local loop. Many of these signals contain info about the local loop’s status. TDM- Time Division Multiplexing – A method of
multiplexing digital signals that assigns ma time slot in the flow of communications to every node on the network and in that time slot, carries data from that node.

What type of modulation are you probably using when you connect to your ISP with a 56 Kbps modem over a phone line? A: ASK Which of the following uses frequency division multiplexing? A: Cable TV What medium is
used with wavelength division? C: Fiber Optic Cable Which type of switching is used for most telephone calls over the PTSN? A: Circuit Switching Why is packet switching more efficient than circuit switching. Breaks
data into packets and in addition to a piece of the data being transmitted, each packet contains a destination address and info about how to combine it with other packets to recreate the original transmission. Packets
are then free to travel any path on the network to the destination. Thus packets switching makes it possible to find the fastest circuit available at that instant. Circuit switching cannot find the fastest circuit available
at that instant Which of the following functions is performed by a tandem switch? A: Connecting two trunks Which of the following Nortel switches provides local switch services? D: DMS-100 Which of the following
signaling functions is not considered part of subscriber loop signaling? A: determination of the fastest routes for voice circuits. According to ITU SS7 terminology, what is one example of an SSP? B: End-Office Switch

The 1ESS was the first electronic telephone switch True. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) – Method of converting analog amplitude modulated signals into digital signals. Amplitude Modulation (AM) – A method of
Modulation in which the amplitude of the carrier signal is modified by the imposition of the information signal. Busy Circuit – A signal that indicates that a subscriber’s telephone is off-hook and the circuit is not
Available for connection. Codec – A device that can encode and decode a signal. Demodulator – Separates the info from the carrier signal at the receiving end of a modulated wave. DMS (Digital Multiplexed System) –
A series of local and tandem switches applied by Nortel. Framing – A technique for inserting special bits in a data stream to indicate where one series of data-carrying time slot ends and another begins. Idle Circuit –
An indication that a subscriber’s telephone is on-hook, and the circuit is available for connection. Band – Is a subchannel within a communications channel. Carrier Wave – A wave whose characteristics are modified by
The addition of an information wave. Frequency Modulation – A method of modulation in which the frequency if the carrier signal is modified by the application of the information signal. Line Group Controller –
A part of a local switch’s central control computer that monitors the status of 100 of SLIC’s. Multiplexer – A device that can combine and transmit many signals on a single channel. Phase Modulation – A method
Of modulation in which an info wave is applied to a carrier wave to modify the carrier wave’s phase. Cell – A fixed-length group of data used in statistical multiplexing transmission. Phase – Relationship between
A wave’s cycle and time. Off-hook – the condition of the lie when the handset is lifted, or taken off its hook. Disconnect – That a subscriber’s telephone is on-hook and the circuit is available for connection.
Message Switching – A method of switching in which each intermediate node between the source and its target and stores data before passing it on. Packet Switching – Separates data into packets before they are
Transported. Guard Band – A narrow band of unused frequency that separates 2 info-carrying bands and ensures that signals do not interfere with each other. In-band signaling – a type of switch signaling uses the same
Comm channel as the info being exchanged. 5ESS – Lucent’s most current all-digital switch.

With respect to the wiring Infrastructure… what is the responsibility of the TCM? – Assemble the team that will design, evaluate, install, test, and maintain the wiring system that will be utilized in the telecom
Network of an org. Identify 6 individuals that may be included in thedesighn of telecom infra. – Architet, Managers, Data Comm engineer, Facilities engineer, Tech Support Personnel, outside consultant.
Documentation of existing cable raceways and cable runs should be done prior to project design. What 4 project areas may be affected if the facility work areas undergo structural changes? – Potential user population
Number and type of work areas, number of service Levels required, and type of system support required for each workplace. Type of computer programd is ideal for documentinf work area or facility layouts? –
CAD Program such TurboCADR. Electrical outlets need to be documented because their location may dictate the placement of work areas. What % threshold, should be followed when dealing with power consumption?
Plan t0 use 80% of power availability and 20% Safety Margin. To guard against power loading, do not use power strips, plug in multiple outlets. Proper training of support personnel is important as they learn better from
On the job experience. The environmental parameters are important to cable performance is Temperature and Humidity. When planning requirements for air conditioning, power outlets, etc…, having a 5-year plan is a
good way to meet the needs of the future. The plenum cable is used for installation in air-handling plenums without conduits in duct, voids, or other spaces used for environmental air. Grounding and bonding of
telecom equipment, racks, shields, etc. is not always the responsibility of a qualified electrician. A Dumb terminal is they do not have internal memory and therefore cannot do any editing without referencing
back to the host or controller. The 8 categories should be covered for a complete building, office, and device inventory is building and room location, physical device hardware, configurations, comm software
and release level, room cabling information, telephone services, controller requirements, and CPU and/or distributed services, including current status. It is good practice to notify any service areas that will be
affected during installation at least 2 weeks in advance. RFP stands for Request for Proposal. Safety of employees is also important during the planning stage of an installation.

Get Everyone Involved - TCM, Architect, Dept. managers, Engineers, Technical Support, Outside consultants, etc. Getting everyone involved early in the planning process is important to the success of the project and can
help ensure interaction with other trades. Project Scope, Existing Cable - Document existing cable, Plans of cable pathways, Blueprints, Unauthorized existing cable runs, Firestop, Firewall. Document existing, cables, firewalls,
User Population - Projected number of users. Number and types of work areas - Potential user population, Number and types of work areas, Type of system support required at each area. Documentation and room layout -
Inside Dimensions, Placement of windows, doors, pillars, etc…, Power Receptacles, Location and ID of cables and outlets. Type of phone and data devices required. Max power allocation and outlets - Users often exceed
the number of outlets, Ban Power Strips, Ban Extension Cords, Ban plug-in multiple outlets, Plan to use 80% of available power, keeping a 20% safety margin, Over plan. Telco, Voice, and Data Support Rooms –
Include telco rooms, distribution areas, equipment rooms, and other facility support rooms - Telephone, On-line workstation, network diagnostic tools, voice and data test equipment. Environment Concerns –
Temp range -40 to 176 F for cables: Check with manufacturer , Temp and humidity range for ERs, HVAC, Plenum and non-plenum applications, Plan for at least 2 years into the future, the more the better. Grounding and
Bonding - Modern grounding and bonding systems are being designed to provide a low-impedance path for noise and transient voltage protection, Grounding Areas: Structural ground, Lightning protection, Plumbing grounds
, Equipment and installation equipment ground, Measuring building potentials , 607 is the standard. Grounding and bonding systems are designed for safety. Hot Host Service - Having at least one outlet location “hot” or “live”
with both voice and data, regardless if the workspace is used or not, Advantage: Each work area is available and Decreased down time during MACs. Disadvantage: hog, must have the resources even if the facility is not fully
occupied. Service Impact Classifications - Category 1:No risk or impact, Cat 2: Low risk, no real noticeable impact on normal service, Cat 3: Moderate risk, small chance of service interruptions and minimum exposure
Cat 4: High risk, good probability devices and services will be down, Cat 5: Very high risk, devices and services will be down… many require customer sign-off. Showing up at a customer site for a meeting about a future
installation/service would have a category of impact of 1. Establish a Labeling Scheme - Establish a unique labeling scheme for cables (both ends), outlets, racks, grounding, connectors, rooms, etc…, Sometimes this is already
established, continue original scheme, EIA/TIA 606B Administration Standard: Identifies, labeling, records, Fs.xy-r:P (Fs = space, Xy = rack location, R = panel position in rack, P = Port Direction) Why important to document
currently installed cable? - eliminate ?’s or concerns about the original cable plant and newly installed infra…inspection purposes… etc What is meant by projected # of users and why important? – Helps determine # of outlets
for the future, and the size of service rooms, equipment, etc…What is Hot Host Service? – Provide at least 1 outlet live per office regardless if the area is used or not. MAC – Moves, adds, and changesPhysically moving 2 server
s from the TR to the ER will result is a level category 5 Document existing cable runs, room locations and outlet labeling schemes is cat 1.Identify 2 devices that should be present in every room – on-line workstation, telephone.