SCIENCE ACADEMY PU COLLEGE

DAVANAGERE.

PAPER - 1
VI. Answer any THREE questions: 3X5=15

Solution: Given, C1 = 5 μF = 5 x 10-6 F , C2 = 3 μF = 3 x 10-6 F , V1 = 500 V, V2 = 0

Q = C V = 5 x 10-6 x 500 = 25 x 10-4 C
Ui = ½ C V 2 = ½ x 5 x 10-6 x (500)2 = 0.625 J
𝐶𝐶1 𝑉𝑉1 + 𝐶𝐶2 𝑉𝑉2 2500
V= = (5+3) = 312.5 V
𝐶𝐶1 + 𝐶𝐶2

Uf = ½ Ceff V 2 = ½ x 8 x 10-6 = (312.5) 2 = 0.390 J

... Loss of energy = Ui – Uf = 0.625 – 0.390 = 0.235 J

Consider, Q1 = C1 x V = 5 x 10-6 x 312.5 = 1562.5 x 10-6 C

Q2 = C2 x V = 3 x 10-6 x 312.5 = 937.5 x 10-6 C
34. A uniform copper wire of length 2m and cross-sectional area 5 x 10-7 m2 carries a current of
2A. Assuming that there are 8 x 1028 free electrons per m3 of copper, calculate the drift
velocity of electrons. How much time will an electron take to drift from one end of the wire
to the other? (Given charge on an electron, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C).
Solution:
Given, l = 2 m , A = 5 x 10-7 m2 , I = 2A and n = 8 x 1028 , Vd = ? , t = ?
𝐼𝐼 2
Vd = = = 3.125 x 10-4 m/s.
𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒 8 𝑥𝑥 10 28 𝑥𝑥 5 𝑥𝑥 10 −7 𝑥𝑥 1.6 𝑥𝑥 10 −19

𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑙 2
V = 𝑡𝑡 => t = 𝑉𝑉 = 3.125 𝑥𝑥 10 −4 = 6.4 x 103 s = 6400 s
35. A resistance of 600 Ω, an inductor of 0.4 H and a capacitor of 0.01 μF are connected in series to
an AC source of variable frequency. Find the frequency of AC source for which current in
the circuit is maximum. Also calculate the band width and quality factor for the circuit.
Solution: Given, R = 600 Ω, L = 0.4 H, C = 0.01 μF = 1 x 10-8 F , f0 = ? , BW = ? and Q = ?

1 1
f0 = = = 0.2517 x 104 = 2.517 x 103 Hz.
2𝜋𝜋 √𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 2𝑥𝑥 3.14 √0.4 𝑥𝑥 10 −8

1 𝐿𝐿 1 0.4
Q = 𝑅𝑅 �𝐶𝐶 = x� = 10.54
600 10−8

𝑓𝑓0 2.517 x 10 3
BW = f2 – f1 = = = 0.238 x 103 = 238 Hz.
𝑄𝑄 10.54

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 1

36. A convex lens of focal length 0.24m and of refractive index 1.5 is completely immersed in
water of refractive index 1.33. Find the change in the focal length of the lens.
Solution: Given, fa = 0.24 m and ng = 1.5 , nw = 1.33
1 1 1
w.k.t, = �𝑛𝑛𝑔𝑔 − 1�[ 𝑅𝑅 − ] ………….. (1)
𝑓𝑓𝑎𝑎 1 𝑅𝑅2
If fw is the focal length of the lens in water then

1 𝑛𝑛 1 1
= �𝑛𝑛 𝑔𝑔 − 1� [ 𝑅𝑅 − ] …………… (2)
𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 1 𝑅𝑅2

𝑓𝑓𝑤𝑤 (𝑛𝑛 𝑔𝑔 − 1) (1.5− 1) 0.5

Divide (1) by (2), we get, = 𝑛𝑛 𝑔𝑔 = 1.5 = = 3.9123
𝑓𝑓𝑎𝑎 � − 1� � − 1� 0.1278
𝑛𝑛 𝑤𝑤 1.33

... fw = fa x 3.9123 = 0.24 x 3.9123

fw = 0.9388 m

37. Ultraviolet light of wavelength 2271 Å from a 100 W mercury source irradiates a photo-cell
made of molybdenum metal. If the stopping potential is 1.3 V, estimate the work function of
the metal. How would the photo-cell respond to a high intensity red light of wavelength 6328 Å
produced by a He-Ne laser?
Solution:
Wavelength of ultraviolet light, λ = 2271 Å = 2271 × 10−10 m
Stopping potential of the metal, V0 = 1.3 V
Planck’s constant, h = 6.6 × 10−34 J , Charge on an electron, e = 1.6 × 10−19 C
W.k.t, = hν − eV0

Let ν0 be the threshold frequency of the metal.

∴ = hν0

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 2

 Wavelength of red light, = 6328 × 10−10 m

∴Frequency of red light,

Since ν0> νr, the photocell will not respond to the red light produced by the laser.

PAPER – 2

VI. Answer any THREE questions: 3X5=15

33. A network of four capacitors each of 12 𝝁𝝁F capacitance if connected to a 500 V supply as
shown in the figure. Calculate
(i) Equivalent capacitance of the network and
(ii) Charge on each capacitor.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ans: 𝐶𝐶𝑠𝑠
=
𝐶𝐶1
+
𝐶𝐶2
+
𝐶𝐶3
=
12
+
12
+
12
=
4
500 V
.
. . CS = 4 μF
Cs and C4 are in parallel to each other
Hence, CP = CS + C4 = 4 + 12 = 16 μ F
Consider, Q = CV
Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Cs V = 4 x 10-6 x 500 = 2000 x 10-6 C = 2 x 10-3 C
Q4 = C V = 12 x 10-6 x 500 = 6000 x 10-6 = 6 x 10-3 C
34. When a potential difference of 1.5 V is applied across a wire of length 0.2 M and area of
cross-section 0.3 mm2, a current of 2.4 A flows through the wire. If the number density of
free electrons in the wire is 𝟖𝟖. 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 m-3, calculate average relaxation time. (Given that
mass of electron = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 kg and charge on electron 𝒆𝒆 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 C).
Solution: Given, V = 1.5 V , d = 0.2 m , A = 0.3 x 10-3 m2, I = 2.4 A , n = 8.4 x 1028 m-3 ,
me = 9.1 × 10−31 kg , e = 1.6 × 10−19 C

I = n A e Vd
𝐼𝐼 2.4
Vd = 𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒 = 8.4 x 10 28 𝑥𝑥 0.3 x 10−3 = 0.595 x 10 -6 ms-1
𝑥𝑥 1.6 𝑥𝑥 10 −19

𝑙𝑙
But Vd =
𝜏𝜏
𝑙𝑙 0.2
.
.. τ = = = 0.3361 x 106 s = 3.331 x 105 s
𝑉𝑉𝑑𝑑 0.595 x 10−6

𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
35. A resistor of 400 Ω on inductor of H and a capacitor of 𝝁𝝁F are connected in series
𝝅𝝅 𝝅𝝅
across a source of alternating voltage of 140 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝝅𝝅 𝒕𝒕 V. Find the rms voltage across the
resistor, the inductor and the capacitor.
𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
Ans: R = 400 Ω, L = H ,C= 𝝁𝝁 F
𝝅𝝅 𝝅𝝅

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 3

 V = 140 sin 100 π t
V = v0 sin ω t ---------------- (1)
 V0 = 140 , ω = 100 π
𝑉𝑉0
Vrms = = 99.009 V
√2
𝟓𝟓
XL = ω L = 100 π x = 500
𝝅𝝅
1 1
XC = = 50 = 200
𝜔𝜔 𝐶𝐶 100 𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 10 −6
𝜋𝜋

Z = �𝑅𝑅2 + (𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 − 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 )2

Z = �400 2 + (500 − 200)2 = √160000 + 90000

Z = 500 Ω

𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 99.009
Irms = = = 0.1980 A
𝑍𝑍 500

... VR = Irms x R = 0.1980 x 400 = 79.20 V

VL = Irms x XL = 0.1980 x 500 = 99 V
VC = Irms x XC = 0.1980 x 200 = 39.6 V

36. At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the face of a prism of refracting angle 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°.
So that it just suffers total internal reflection at the other face? Refractive index of glass is
1.524.
Ans: The incident, refracted, and emergent rays associated with a glass prism ABC are shown in the
given figure.

Angle of prism, ∠A = 60° , Refractive index of the prism, µ = 1.524

= Incident angle , = Refracted angle , = Angle of incidence at the face
AC , e = Emergent angle = 90°
According to Snell’s law, for face AC, we can have:

It is clear from the figure that angle

According to Snell’s law, we have the relation:

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 4

 Hence, the angle of incidence is 29.75°.

37. Calculate the (a) momentum, and (b) de Broglie wavelength of the electrons accelerated
through a potential difference of 56 V. Potential difference, V = 56 V ,
Planck’s constant, h = 6.6 × 10−34 Js , Mass of an electron, m = 9.1 × 10−31 kg
Charge on an electron, e = 1.6 × 10−19 C.
Ans:
(a) At equilibrium, the kinetic energy of each electron is equal to the accelerating
potential, i.e., we can write the relation for velocity (v) of each electron as:

The momentum of each accelerated electron is given as:

p = m v = 9.1 × 10−31 × 4.44 × 106

P = 4.04 × 10−24 kg m s−1

Therefore, the momentum of each electron is 4.04 × 10−24 kg m s−1.
(b) De Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerating through a potential V, is given by
the relation:

Therefore, λe = 0.1639 nm.

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 5

 PAPER – 3
VI. Answer any THREE questions: 3X5=15
1. The effective capacitance of 2 capacitors is 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒F in series and 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐F in parallel. Find the
individual capacitance.
Solution:
𝐶𝐶1 𝐶𝐶2
Given, CS = = 4 𝜇𝜇 F and
𝐶𝐶1 + 𝐶𝐶2

CP = C1 + C2 = 25 𝜇𝜇F ------------------ (1)

... C1C2 = 4 (C1 + C2) = 4 x 25 = 100 𝜇𝜇F

Consider, (C1 – C2) 2 = (C1 + C2) 2 – 4 C1C2

(C1 – C2) 2 = (25) 2 – 4 (100) = 625 – 400 = 225
... C1 – C2 = 15 𝜇𝜇F ----------------------- (2)
Solving (1) and (2), C1 + C2 = 25 𝜇𝜇F
C1 – C2 = 15 𝜇𝜇F
2 C1 = 40
 C1 = 20 𝝁𝝁F
From (1) C2 = 25 – C1 = 25 – 20 = 5 𝝁𝝁F

2. Two cells of emf 1.5 V and 2 V with internal resistance 0.5 Ω and 0.25 Ω respectively are
connected in series. The combination is connected across a resistance of 2.25Ω. Determine
the current and potential difference across the terminals of each cell.
Solution: Eeff = E1 + E2 = 1.5 + 2 = 3.5 V
reff = r1 + r2 = 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75 Ω
𝐸𝐸𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 3.5
... I = = = 1.16 A
𝑅𝑅+ 𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 2.25+0.75

Terminal P.D, V1 = E1 – Ir1 = 1.5 – (1.16 x 0.5) = 0.916 V

V2 = E2 – Ir2 = 2 – (1.16 x 0.25) = 1.71 V
3. An ac source of 220 V, 50 Hz is connected to a series combination of 20Ω resistor, 5𝝁𝝁F
capacitor and 2 mH inductor respectively. Calculate the impedance and peak value of
current through the combination.
Solution:
XL = 2πf L = 2 x 3.14 x 50 x 2 x 10-3 = 0.628 Ω
1 1 1
XC = = = 2 𝑥𝑥 3.14 𝑥𝑥 50 𝑥𝑥 5 𝑥𝑥 10 −6 = 639.4 Ω
𝜔𝜔 𝐶𝐶 2π f C
... Impedance, Z = �𝑅𝑅2 + (𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 − 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 )2
Z = �202 + (639.4 − 0.628)2 , => Z = 639 Ω
𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 220
Irms = = = 0.3442 Ω
𝑍𝑍 639

... I0 = Irms x √2 = 0.3442 x 1.414 = 0.4867 A

4. In Young’s double slit experiment, light of frequency 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Hz is used. Fringes of width
1.5 mm are obtained on a screen 1.4 m away from the slits. What is the double-slit
separation?
Solution:

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 6

 Given, ν = 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 Hz , d = 1.5 mm , D = 1.4 m , n = 1
𝑐𝑐 3 𝑥𝑥 10 8
w.k.t, ν =
𝑐𝑐
𝜆𝜆
, ... λ = 𝜈𝜈 = 4 𝑥𝑥 10 14 = 0.75 x 10-6 m = 7.5 x 10- 7 m

λD 7.5 𝑥𝑥 10 −7 𝑥𝑥 1.4
Consider, β=n 𝑑𝑑
= 1.5 𝑥𝑥 10 −3

β = 7 x 10-4 m
5. Calculate the binding energy and binding energy per nucleon of 6C12 ?
Given: Mass of proton = 1.00728 amu
Mass of neutron = 1.00867 amu
Mass of 6C12 = 11.9967 amu
Solution: W.k.t
Mass defect, ∆m = [Z mp + (A – Z) mn ] – MN
∆m = [ (6 x 1.00728) + (6 x 1.00867) ] – 11.9967
∆m = [6.04368 + 6.05202] – 11.9967 = 12.0957 – 11.9967
∆m = 0.099 u
And Binding energy is given by, BE = ∆m x 931 MeV
BE = 0.099 x 931

BE = 92.169 MeV
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 92.169
Binding energy per nucleon, = = 7.68075 MeV
𝐴𝐴 12

PAPER – 4
VI. Answer any THREE questions: 3 X 5 = 15
1. ABCD is a square of side √𝟐𝟐 m charges of 2 nC , 3 nC, 4 nC and 5 nC placed at the corners
A, B, C and D respectively. Calculate the resultant electric intensity at the centre of the
square where the 2 diagonals meet.
Ans: In triangle DBC
𝐷𝐷𝐵𝐵2 = 𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶 2 + 𝐷𝐷𝐶𝐶 2
2 2
= �√2� + �√2� = 4
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = √4 = 2 m
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 2
∴ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = = =1m
2 2
Intensity at O due to A
𝐸𝐸1 = 9 × 109 × 2 × 10−9 = 18 NC-1
Intensity at O due to B
𝐸𝐸2 = 9 × 109 × 3 × 10−9 = 27 NC-1
Intensity at O due to C
𝐸𝐸3 = 9 × 109 × 4 × 10−9 = 36 NC-1
Intensity at O due to D
𝐸𝐸4 = 9 × 109 × 5 × 10−9 = 45 NC-1
Since 𝐸𝐸1 and 𝐸𝐸3 are acting in same line and opp. Direction 𝐸𝐸5 = 𝐸𝐸3 − 𝐸𝐸1 ⇒ 36 − 18 = 18
SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 7
 Since 𝐸𝐸2 and 𝐸𝐸4 are acting in same line and opp. Direction ∴ 𝐸𝐸6 = 𝐸𝐸4 − 𝐸𝐸2 = 45 − 27
𝐸𝐸6 = 18
∴ 𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �𝐸𝐸52 + 𝐸𝐸62
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �(18)2 + (18)2
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = 25.45 NC-1
2. A galvanometer of resistance 80 Ω requires a current of 1 mA for full scale deflection. How
do you convert it into an voltmeter of range 𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 V and ammeter of range 0 – 5 A.
Ans: 𝐺𝐺 = 80 Ω, 𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 = 1 mA = 1 × 10−3 A
𝐺𝐺 → 𝐴𝐴 = 0 − 5 A , 𝐺𝐺 → 𝑉𝑉 = 0 − 10 A
(i) Galvanometer → Ammeter
𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 𝐺𝐺 1×10 −3 ×80 80×10−3 80×10−3
𝑆𝑆 = = = = = 16.0032 × 10−3
𝐼𝐼−𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 5−1×10−3 5−0.001 4.999
𝑆𝑆 = 0.0160032 Ω
∴ A resistance of 0.0160032 Ω must be connected in parallel with galvanometer.
(ii) Galvanometer → voltmeter
𝑉𝑉
𝑋𝑋 = − 𝐺𝐺
𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔
10
𝑋𝑋 = − 80 = 10 × 103 − 80
1×10−3
𝑋𝑋 = 10000 − 80
∴ 𝑋𝑋 = 9920 Ω
∴ A resistance of 9920 Ω must be connected in series with the galvanometer.
3. An AC of voltage 𝑬𝑬 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒕𝒕 volts I applied across a series combination of 𝑹𝑹 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
Ω and an inductor of 800 mH. Calculate (i) impedance of the circuit (ii) peak value of the
current in the circuit (iii) power factor of the circuit.
Ans: (i) Impedance of the coil, 𝑍𝑍 = �𝑅𝑅2 + 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿2
𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔
∴ 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 = 300 × 800 × 10−3 = 240 Ω
∴ 𝑍𝑍 = �400 + (240)2
𝑍𝑍 = 240.831 Ω
𝐸𝐸0 200
(ii) Peak value of current 𝐼𝐼0 = ; 𝐸𝐸0 = 200 V =
𝑍𝑍 240.831
∴ 𝐼𝐼0 = 0.8304 A
𝑅𝑅 20
(iii) Power factor cos 𝜙𝜙 = = = 0.08304
𝑍𝑍 240.831

4. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 650 nm and 520 nm is used to obtain
interference fringes in a Young’s double-slit experiment.
(a) Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from the central maximum for
wavelength 650 nm.
(b) What is the least distance from the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both
the wavelengths coincide?
Ans: Wavelength, 𝜆𝜆1 = 650 nm and 𝜆𝜆2 = 520 nm, 𝑛𝑛 = 3, 𝑑𝑑 = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
(a) We know that 𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 1 =
𝑑𝑑
3×650×10 −9 ×1.2
𝑥𝑥𝑛𝑛 = = 1.17 mm
2×10 −3
(b) When the bright fringes due to two wavelengths coincide, 𝑥𝑥1 = 𝑥𝑥2
𝑛𝑛 1 𝜆𝜆 1 𝐷𝐷 𝑛𝑛 2 𝜆𝜆 2 𝐷𝐷 𝑛𝑛 1 𝜆𝜆 520 nm 4
Then, = or = 𝜆𝜆 1 = =
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛 2 2 650 nm 5

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 8

 Hence, 4th bright fringe due to wavelength, 𝜆𝜆1 coincides with 5th bright fringe due to wavelength,
𝜆𝜆2 .
Minimum distance where the two bright fringes coincide is given by
𝑛𝑛 1 𝜆𝜆 1 𝐷𝐷
𝑥𝑥1 =
𝑑𝑑
4×650×10−9 ×1.2
∴ 𝑥𝑥1 = = 1.56 mm
2×10−3

5. The series limit of hydrogen spectrum in the visible region is 364.6 nm.
Calculate the longest wavelength of the region and the frequency of the
corresponding line.
Ans: Visible region appears for Balmer series.
For series limit of Balmer series, n1 = 2 and n2 = ∞
1 1 1
Consider, = 𝑅𝑅 � − �
𝜆𝜆 ∞ 𝑛𝑛 12 𝑛𝑛 22
1 1 1
= 𝑅𝑅 � − �=R/4
𝜆𝜆 ∞ 22 ∞2

R = 4 / λ = 4 / 364. 6 x 10-9 = 0.01097 x 109 = 1.097 x 10 7 m-1

For longest wavelength of Balmer series, n1 = 2 and n2 = 3

1 1 1 1 1
= 𝑅𝑅 � − � = 1.097 × 107 � − �
𝜆𝜆 𝐿𝐿 22 32 4 9

𝜆𝜆𝐿𝐿 = 6563 Å

PAPER – 5
VI. Answer any THREE questions: 3 X 5 = 15
33. Two point charges 2 µC and −𝟖𝟖 µC are separated through a distance of 2.0 m in air. Calculate
the point along the line joining the 2 charges where the resultant electric potential is zero.
Ans: Let P be a point at which electric potential is zero at a distance 𝑥𝑥 from A.
Potential at P due to A
1 𝑞𝑞
𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ×
4𝜋𝜋𝜖𝜖 0 𝑟𝑟
9×109 ×2×10−6 18×103
𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = =
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
Potential at P due to B
9×10 9 ×8×10−6 72×103
𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = =
2−𝑥𝑥 2−𝑥𝑥
For 𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 = 0
𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑉𝑉2
18 2 ×103 72×103
= => 2(2 − 𝑥𝑥 ) = 8𝑥𝑥 => 4 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 2−𝑥𝑥
4 = 10𝑥𝑥
4
= 𝑥𝑥
10
∴ 𝑥𝑥 = 0.4 m , The resultant potential will be 0 at a distance of 0.4 m from A.

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 9

 34. A uniform copper wire of length 2m and cross-sectional area 5 x 10-7 m2 carries a current of
2A. Assuming that there are 8 x 1028 free electrons per m3 of copper, calculate the drift
velocity of electrons. How much time will an electron take to drift from one end of the wire
to the other? (Given charge on an electron, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C).
Solution:
Given, l = 2 m , A = 5 x 10-7 m2 , I = 2A and n = 8 x 1028 , Vd = ? , t = ?

𝐼𝐼 2
Vd = = 10 28
= 3.125 x 10-4 m/s.
𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴 𝑒𝑒 8 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 5 𝑥𝑥 10 −7 𝑥𝑥 1.6 𝑥𝑥 10 −19

𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑙 2
V = 𝑡𝑡 => t = 𝑉𝑉 = 3.125 𝑥𝑥 10 −4 = 6.4 x 103 s = 6400 s
35. A galvanometer of resistance 50Ω requires a current of 2 mA for full scale deflection. How
do you convert it into an ammeter of range 𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟑 A and voltmeter of range 0 – 5 V.
Ans: 𝐺𝐺 = 50 Ω, 𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 = 2 mA = 2 × 10−3 A
𝐺𝐺 → 𝐴𝐴 = 0 − 3 A
𝐺𝐺 → 𝑉𝑉 = 0 − 5 A
(i) Galvanometer → Ammeter
𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 𝐺𝐺 2×10 −3 ×50 100×10−3 100×10−3
𝑆𝑆 = = = = = 33.35 × 10−3
𝐼𝐼−𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔 3−2×10−3 3−0.002 2.998
𝑆𝑆 = 0.03335 Ω
∴ A resistance of 0.03335 Ω must be connected in parallel with galvanometer.
(ii) Galvanometer → voltmeter
𝑉𝑉
𝑋𝑋 = − 𝐺𝐺
𝐼𝐼𝑔𝑔
5
𝑋𝑋 = − 50 = 2.5 × 103 − 50
2×10−3
𝑋𝑋 = 2500 − 50
∴ 𝑋𝑋 = 2450 Ω
∴ A resistance of 2450 Ω must be connected in series with the galvanometer.

36. What kind of spherical mirror must be used, and what must be its radius, in order to give
an erect image 1/5 times as an object placed 0.15 m in front of it?
Soln.: Erect, diminished image is produced only by convex mirror. We have,
1
m= , u = −0.15 m.
5
v 1 1 1
m = − u and f = u + v
1 1 1 u−f v f
∴ = − = i.e. =
v f u fu u u−f
v f f
m1 = − = − � �=
u u−f f−u
1 f f
= =
5 f−(−0.15) f+0.15
0.15
f + 0.15 = 5f or f = 4
= 0.0375 m.
Radius of curvature 𝑅𝑅 = 2𝑓𝑓 = 2 × 0.0375 = 0.075 m.

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 10

 37. A photon of wavelength 540 nm is incident on a metal of threshold wavelength 600 nm.
Calculate
(a) maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons (b) stopping potential
(c) maximum velocity of photoelectrons
Ans: (a) 𝐾𝐾max = 𝐸𝐸 − 𝜙𝜙0
ℎ𝑐𝑐 6.625×10−34 ×3×108
𝐸𝐸 = = 1.6×10−19 ×540×10−9 = 2.3 eV
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
ℎ𝑐𝑐 6.625×10−34 ×3×108
𝜙𝜙0 = = 1.6×10−19 ×600×10−9 = 2.07 eV
𝑒𝑒𝜆𝜆 0
∴ 𝐾𝐾max = 2.3 − 2.07 = 0.23 eV
(b) If 𝑉𝑉0 is the stopping potential
𝐾𝐾max = 𝑒𝑒𝑉𝑉0
𝐾𝐾max 0.23 eV
⇒ 𝑉𝑉0 − = = 0.23V
𝑒𝑒 e
(a) 𝐾𝐾max = 0.23 eV = 0.23 × 1.6 × 10−19
= 0.368 × 10−19 J
2×𝐾𝐾max 2×0.368×10 −19
∴ 𝑉𝑉max = � =� = 2.84 × 105 ms-1
𝑚𝑚 9.1×10−31

PAPER – 6
VI. Answer any THREE questions: 3 X 5 = 15
33. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 0.1 m. Charges of 4 nC and −𝟖𝟖 nC are placed at the
corners A and B respectively. Calculate the resultant electric intensity at the corner C.
Ans: Intensity on C due to A
1 4×10−9 9×109 ×4×10−9 36
𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = × = = = 3600 NC-1
4𝜋𝜋𝜖𝜖 0 0.01 0.01 0.01
1 8×10−9 9×10 9 ×8×10−9 72
𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜋𝜖𝜖 × = = = 7200 NC-1
0 0.01 0.01 0.01

𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �𝐸𝐸12 + 𝐸𝐸22 + 2𝐸𝐸1 𝐸𝐸2 cos 𝜃𝜃

𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �(3600)2 + (7200)2 + 2(3600)(7200) cos 120°
−1
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �(3600)2 + (7200)2 + 2(3600)(7200) × 2

𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = �(3600)2 + (7200)2 − (3600)(7200)

𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = √12960000 + 51840000 − 25920000
𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 = 6235.36 NC-1
34. Two resistors 3 Ω and 6Ω are connected in parallel to a cell of EMF 1.5 V and internal
resistance 1 Ω. Find the current in various branches and also the current in circuit.
Ans: Given: 𝐸𝐸 = 1.5 V, 𝑟𝑟 = 1 Ω, 𝑅𝑅1 = 3Ω, 𝑅𝑅2 = 6Ω
𝐸𝐸
𝐼𝐼 = (𝑅𝑅 → effective resisance)
𝑅𝑅+𝑟𝑟
Since 𝑅𝑅1 and 𝑅𝑅2 are in parallel
𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅
𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅 1+𝑅𝑅2
1 2
3×6 18
𝑅𝑅 = = =2Ω
3+6 9
𝐸𝐸 1.5 1.5
𝐼𝐼 = => 𝐼𝐼 = = = 0.5 A
𝑅𝑅+𝑟𝑟 2+1 3
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 0.5×2 1
𝐼𝐼1 = ⇒ = = 0.33 A
𝑅𝑅1 3 3
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 0.5×2 1
𝐼𝐼2 = 𝑅𝑅 ⇒ = = 0.166 A
2 6 6

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 11

 35. A coil having an inductance of 2 H and resistance 10 Ω is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac
supply. Calculate the (a) impedance of the circuit (b) the current in the circuit (c) power
factor and (d) phase difference between voltage and current.
Soln.: Given L = 2 H, R = 10 Ω, Vrms = 220 V and v = 50 Hz
(a) Impedance Z = �R2 + (ωL)2 = �R2 + (2πv L)2
= �1002 + (2𝜋𝜋 × 50 × 2)2 = 636.2 Ω
V rms 220
(b) Current Irms = = = 0.346 A
Z 636.6
𝑅𝑅 10
(c) Power factor = cos ϕ = = = 0.0157
𝑍𝑍 636.3
(d) Phase difference between voltage and current is
R
ϕ = cos −1 � � = cos −1 (0.0157) = 89.1°
Z
36. A Young’s double slit experiment is set up using yellow light of wavelength 600 nm and two
slits 1.5 mm apart. The interference fringes on the screen are 0.1 mm apart. Calculate the
distance from the slits to the screen. What will be the fringe width if this distance is
doubled?
λD
Soln.: The fringe width is given by β =
d
Where λ is the wavelength of light used, d is the distance between the slits and D is the distance
between the slits and the screen.
Given λ = 600 nm = 600 × 10−9 m, d = 1.5 mm = 0.0015 m
β = 0.1 mm = 0.0001 m
βd 0.0001×0.0015
∴D= = = 0.25 m
λ 600×10−9
If the distance is doubled, D′ = 2 × 0.25 = 0.5 m
λD ′ 600×10−9 ×0.5
∴ Fringe width, β′ = = = 0.0002 m = 0.2 mm
d 0.0015
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
37. The half life of is 28 years. What is the disintegration rate of 15 mg of this isotope?
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺
Ans: 𝑇𝑇1/2 = 28 years = 28 × 3.154 × 107 s = 8.83 × 108 s
𝑚𝑚 = 15 mg, 15 × 10−6 kg
Disintegration rate, i.e., activity 𝑅𝑅 =?
0.693 0.693
𝜆𝜆 = = = 7.848 × 10−10 s-1
𝑇𝑇1/2 8.83×108
Using Avogadro principle,
90 × 10−3 kg of 90Sr contains 6.23 × 1023 atoms
15 × 10−6 kg of Sr contains N atoms.
15×10−6 ×6.023×1023
𝑁𝑁 = = 1.0038 × 1020 atoms
90×10 −3
∴ activity 𝑅𝑅 = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 = 7.848 × 10−10 × 1.0038 × 1020
7.878×1010
= 7.878 × 1010 Bq = = 2.129 Ci
3.7×10 10

SCIENCE ACADEMY (R.), Davanagere. By: Vinay Y.V. Page 12