SSGS 17-18 F.6 Final Exam 1 and 2 CHEM

St.
Stephen’s Girls’ College

Final Examination 2017-2018
Form 6 PSK, KWC
48 students
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
Time allowed: 2 ½ hours
Name: ________________________ Class: __________ No.: _____
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1 There are TWO sections, A and B, in this Paper. Section A carries 36 marks and Section B carries 84
marks. You are advised to finish Section A in about 45 minutes and Section B in about 105 minutes.
2 Section A consists of multiple-choice questions in the first part of this question book, while Section B
contains conventional questions printed in Question-Answer Book B.
3 Answers to Section A should be marked on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet while answers to Section
B should be written in the spaces provided in Question-Answer Book B. The Answer Sheet for Section A
and the Question-Answer Book must be handed in separately at the end of the examination.
SECTION A (MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION A
1 When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words ‘END
OF SECTION A’ after the last question.
2 All questions carry equal marks.
3 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You should use an HB pencil to mark all your answers on the Answer
Sheet. Wrong marks must be completely erased.
4 You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will
receive NO MARKS for that question.
5 No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.
This section consists of two parts. There are 24 questions in PART I and 12 questions in PART II.
Choose the best answer for each question. Candidates may refer to the Periodic Table printed on the
last page of this Question Book.
F.6 Chemistry Final Exam Paper 1 2017-18 P.2
PART I
1. Which of the following shows the atomic structure of 37Cl-?
protons neutrons electrons

A. 17 18 20
B. 17 20 18
C. 18 19 17
D. 20 17 21
2. Which equation is not a neutralization reaction?
A. Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

B. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
C. Li2CO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
D. 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(aq)
3. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in Mg(NO3)2?
A. -3 B. +2 C. +5 D. +6
Questions 4 and 5 are about graphene and graphite.
4. Which of the following shows the correct descriptions about carbon atoms in graphene (a layer of
graphite)?
Shape around the carbon atoms No. of bond pairs around the carbon atoms
A. linear 2
B. trigonal planar 3
C. trigonal pyramidal 3
D. tetrahedral 4
5. Graphite is a good electrical conductor due to the presence of
A. a weak intermolecular force between layers of graphene.

B. mobile ions in the structure.
C. a giant covalent structure.
D. delocalized electrons between graphene layers.
6. A student adds aqueous sodium carbonate to one test tube and aqueous lead(II) nitrate to a second test
tube. The student adds dilute sulphuric acid to each test tube.
Which of the following is the correct observation?
aqueous sodium carbonate aqueous lead(II) nitrate

A. no change precipitate
B. no change no change
C. effervescence no change
D. effervescence precipitate
7. The enthalpy change of formation of butane can be calculated using the enthalpy changes of
combustion, ΔHc, below.
Substance C(s) H2(g) C4H10(g)
ΔHc/kJ mol-1 -394 -286 -2877
Calculate the enthalpy change of formation of C4H10(g).
4C(s) + 5H2(g) → C4H10(g)
A. -2197 kJ mol-1 B. -129 kJ mol-1 C. +129 kJ mol-1 D. +2197 kJ mol-1
8. Which of the following is a non-polar molecule?

Cl Cl Cl
Cl
CH3 Cl
H3C H3C H3C Cl
H3C
Cl Cl H3C
A. B. C. D.
9. Bromine reacts with 1-bromopropane in the presence of ultraviolet radiation via a radical substitution
mechanism. Which equation shows a propagation step in the mechanism for this reaction?
A. Br2 → ∙Br + ∙Br B. ∙Br + ∙C3H6Br → C3H6Br2

C. C3H7Br + ∙Br → C3H6Br2 + ∙H D. ∙Br + C3H7Br → ∙C3H6Br + HBr
10. Which of the following pairs of elements have similar chemical properties?
A. 3X and 11Y B. 5X and 12Y C. 6X and 15Y D. 7X and 16Y
11. Element X forms a compound with nitrate ion and the formula is XNO3. Element Y forms a covalent
compound with oxygen and the formula is Y2O3. When X reacts with Y, the compound formed has a
formula of
A. X3Y B. XY3 C. X2Y3 D. X3Y2
12. Iron rusts faster in sea water than in fresh water because
A. the ions in sea water attack iron. B. there is more oxygen in sea water.
C. sea water is more acidic. D. sea water is a better electrolyte.
13. Which of the following substances will increase the pH value of the solution when added to vinegar?
A. H2O(l) B. H3PO4(s) C. NaCl(s) D. CO2(g)
14. 100 cm3 of 0.2 M sulphuric acid and 100 cm3 of 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution and a rise in
temperature of 8 oC was observed.
If 100 cm3 of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid was added to 100 cm3 of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide were used, the
temperature rise would be about
A. 4 oC B. 8 oC C. 12 oC D. 16 oC
15. Which of the following statements about buckminsterfullerene (C60) and iodine is correct?
A. Buckminsterfullerene has a giant covalent structure while iodine solid has a simple molecular
structure.
B. Buckminsterfullerene has a larger molecular size than iodine, so it sublimes at a higher
temperature than iodine does.
C. Buckminsterfullerene is polar while iodine is not.
D. Atoms of buckminsterfullerene are held by covalent bonds while atoms of iodine are held by van
der Waals’ forces.
16. Helium, instead of hydrogen, is used to fill balloons because

(1) Helium is non-flammable.
(2) Helium is lighter than hydrogen.
(3) Helium can be obtained from the air easily by fractional distillation.
A. (1) only. B. (2) only. C. (1) and (3) only. D. (2) and (3) only.
Questions 17 to 18 refer to the following experiment.
17. Gas X
(1) can decolourize bromine solution.
(2) can turn pale green Fe3+ ions yellow.
(3) can turn moist red litmus paper blue.
. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
18. Which of the following statements best explain why gas X cannot be hydrogen?
(1) Concentrated H2SO4 is an oxidizing agent.
(2) Sulphuric acid cannot be used to prepare hydrogen.
(3) Copper cannot displace hydrogen from acids.
A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
19. Which of the following substances would appear in the products of incomplete combustion of
hydrocarbons?
(1) Carbon monoxide
(2) Carbon dioxide
(3) Water vapour
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
Br
Br
20. Which of the following statements concerning are correct?
(1) It is a liquid at room conditions. Br
(2) It undergoes halogenation to form Br
Br
(3) It is produced from the reaction between bromine (in an organic solvent) and cyclohexene.
21. Which of the following processes are endothermic?

(1) condensation of ammonia gas to liquid
(2) cracking of diesel oil
(3) reduction of zinc oxide with hydrogen
22. Which of the following statements about a zinc-carbon cell and a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell are
correct?
(1) Both contain an alkaline electrolyte.
(2) Both are primary cells.
(3) Both generate water as the product in the cell reactions.
Directions: Questions 23 and 24 consist of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two
statements is true or false. If both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct
explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:
A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.
1st statement 2nd statement
23. We can use a colorimeter to monitor When hex-1-ene reacts with bromine, a
progress of reaction between hex-1-ene and 1,2-dibromohexane is formed.
bromine, in terms of concentration of the
coloured substance in the reaction mixture.
24. Ice floats on water because water molecules Ice is a giant covalent compound in which all
are packed more efficiently in ice than in molecules are arranged in a three-dimensional
liquid water. tetrahedral shape.
PART II
25. What is the volume of 4.3 g of ammonia gas at room temperature and pressure?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0; molar volume of gas at room temperature and pressure =
24.0 dm3 mol1)
A. 0.250 dm3 B. 6.07 dm3 C. 250 dm3 D. 607 dm3
26. Consider the following reaction:

4PF5(g) P4(g) + 10F2(g)
Which of the following combinations about the equilibrium is correct?
Equilibrium constant expression Unit
[P4 (g)]eqm [F2 (g)]eqm
A. mol dm3
[PF5 (g)] eqm
[PF5 (g)] eqm
B. mol1 dm3
[P4 (g)]eqm [F2 (g)]eqm
[P4 (g)]eqm [F2 (g)]10
eqm
C. 4 mol7 dm21
[PF5 (g)]eqm
4
[PF5 (g)]eqm
D. mol7 dm21
[P4 (g)]eqm [F2 (g)]10
eqm
27. Pyrethrum flowers contain a natural insecticide called pyrethrin I. Pyrethrin I has the following
structure:
Which of the following functional groups are present in pyrethrin I?

(1) Carbon-carbon double bond (2) Ester group (3) Ketone group
28. Which of the following combinations is INCORRECT?

Systematic name Structural formula
A. 3-ethyl-3-methylpent-1-ene
B. 2-fluorobutanedial
C. 2-bromo-3-methylpentanal
D. 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one
29. Which of the following compounds exhibit cis-trans isomerism?

(1) 3,4-dimethylhex-3-ene (2) 2-methylpent-2-ene (3) 1,6-dichlorohex-3-ene
30. Which of the following compounds is the major product of the addition reaction between hydrogen
chloride and propene?
A. 1-chloropropane B. 2-chloropropane C. 1,2-dichloropropane D. 2,2-dichloropropane
31. Which of the following reagents are used to convert propan-2-ol to 2-bromopropane?
(1) HBr(g) (2) Br2(l) + CCl4(l) (3) PBr3(l)
32. Which of the following reagents is NOT required for the conversion of 1-chloropropane to
propanamide?
A. Phosphorus trichloride B. Sodium hydroxide solution
C. Acidified potassium dichromate solution D. Concentrated sulphuric acid
33. Which of the following probably represents the structure of polyester?

(1) (2)
(3)
34. Which of the following metals is a transition metal that forms only one type of simple ion?
A. Zinc B. Sodium C. Titanium D. Copper
35. Which of the following oxides can react with dilute alkalis?
(1) Al2O3 (2) SiO2 (3) SO2
Directions: Question 36 consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements
is true or false. If both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation
of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:
A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.
1st statement 2nd statement
36. Sodium is a transition metal. Sodium can form more than one oxide with
oxygen.
END OF PART II
END OF SECTION A
SECTION B: Question-Answer Book B
INSTRUCTIONS
1 This section consists of TWO parts, Part I and Part II. Part I carries 56 marks and Part II carries 28
marks. The marks to each question are indicated in brackets at the end of the question.
2 Answer ALL questions in each part. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question- Answer
Book. Do not write in the margins. Answers written in the margins will not be marked.
3. An asterisk (*) has been put next to the questions where one mark will be awarded for effective
communication.
4 Supplementary answer sheets will be provided on request. Tie them loosely but securely with a string
INSIDE this Question-Answer Book.
5 A Periodic Table is printed on the back of this Question-Answer Book. Atomic numbers and relative
atomic masses of elements can be obtained from the Periodic Table.
Part I
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1. Group 2 elements are metals that react with oxygen, water and dilute acids.
(a) Magnesium burns in oxygen to form an ionic compound.

Explain what happens to magnesium in terms of electron transfer.
(2 marks)
(b) A student reacts a Group 2 metal, M, with water. 0.162 g of the metal produces 8.08 x 10-3 g of the
gaseous product.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction, using M to represent the metal.
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to collect the gas produced.
(iii) Identify the Group 2 metal, M. Show your work.
(5 marks)
(c) Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, can be prepared by reacting calcium oxide and dilute nitric acid.
(i) Write the equation for this reaction, including state symbols.
(ii) Ca(NO3)2 contains the NO3- ion. The central nitrogen atom bonds to the three oxygen atoms
with a single covalent bond, a double covalent bond and a dative covalent bond respectively.
Draw the electron diagram for the NO3- ion, and thus for Ca(NO3)2, showing outermost
electrons only.
(4 marks)
2. Aqueous lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2(aq), and aqueous potassium iodide, KI(aq), react together. A white
precipitate is formed.
(a) A student carries out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of reaction, ΔHr, of this
reaction.
The student follows the method outlined below.
 Add 50.0 cm3 of 1.50 mol dm-3 Pb(NO3)2(aq) to a polystyrene cup.
 Measure out 50.0 cm3 of a solution of KI(aq), which is in excess.
 Measure the temperature of both solutions.
 Add the KI(aq) to the polystyrene cup, stir the mixture and record the maximum temperature.
Temperature readings
Initial temperature of both solutions = 19.5 oC
Maximum temperature of mixture = 30.0 oC
(i) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous lead(II) nitrate and aqueous
potassium iodide, including state symbols.
(ii) Calculate ΔHr, in kJ mol-1, for the reaction mentioned.

(Assume that the density of all solutions is 1.0 g cm-3 and specific heat capacity, c, of the
reaction mixture is 4.18 J g-1 K-1)
(iii)The 50.0 cm3 of KI(aq) used in the experiment contains 10% more KI than is needed to react
with 50.0 cm3 of 1.50 mol dm-3 Pb(NO3)2(aq).
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm-3, of KI that the student used.
(5 marks)
(b) The student uses an alternative method to determine the enthalpy change of reaction, ΔHr, of this
reaction. He finds standard enthalpy changes of formation, ΔHf, from a data book and applies
Hess's Law.
(i) State Hess's law.

(ii) Define standard enthalpy changes of formation, ΔHf.
(iii) State the misconception involved in this alternative method.
(4 marks)
(c) Draw particle-level representations of the final reaction mixture in the box provided, with the key
given below.
Key:
lead(II) ion potassium ion iodide ion nitrate ion water molecule
(2 marks)
(d) The student performs another experiment using KCl(aq). A white precipitate is also formed.
Suggest how the student can distinguish KCl(aq) from KI(aq) using a redox reaction involving Br2
and any other suitable reagent(s) needed. State the observation(s) clearly.
(2 marks)
3. The question is about four organic compounds.
CH3CH3, CH3CH2Cl, CH4, CH3CO2H
(a) Suggest which two of the above compounds are common fossil fuels. Explain why these fuels are
considered as relatively environmentally friendly.
(2 marks)
*(b) Arrange the above compounds in increasing order of their boiling points. Explain.
(5 marks)
(c) Explain whether CH3CO2H is miscible with chloroform (CHCl3). Support your answer with a
labelled diagram.
(3 marks)
4. The sulphur in a sample of steel was burnt in a stream of oxygen to produce sulphur dioxide. The
sulphur dioxide was then oxidized to sulphate with a 250.0 cm3 solution containing hydrogen peroxide
and excess sodium hydroxide.
SO2(g) + H2O2(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(a) Suggest a method to identify SO2(g), with an appropriate equation.
(2 marks)
(b) Draw an electron diagram of hydrogen peroxide, showing outermost electrons only.
(1 mark)
(c) After the reaction is completed, a 10.0 cm3 sample of the solution mixture was then titrated with
0.20 M hydrochloric acid. It was found that 14.5 cm3 hydrochloric acid was needed.
(i) Calculate the mass of sulphur dioxide produced from the sample of steel if an excess amount of
50.0 cm3 of 2.00 M sodium hydroxide solution was added for the reaction.
(ii) Explain briefly why the calculated mass of sulphur dioxide would be affected in each of the
following separate cases.
Cases Effect on Reasons

calculated mass
of sulphur
dioxide
The burette was rinsed
with distilled water only underestimated
before it was filled with
the hydrochloric acid.
Ammonia solution was

mistakenly used instead of no effect
sodium hydroxide.
The hydrogen peroxide

solution was found to overestimated
contain zinc ions.
(8 marks)
5. The following circuit is a set-up for the electrolysis of concentrated potassium chloride solution and
electrolysis of dilute copper(II) sulphate solution. P and Q are graphite electrodes while R and S are
copper electrodes.
R S
concentrated
potassium chloride
solution + litmus P Q dilute copper(II)
sulphate solution
rheostat
(a) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurs at each of the following electrodes:
(i) At electrode P
(ii) At electrode S
(2 marks)
(b) What would happen to the litmus solution around electrode P? Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
(c) Suggest an industrial application of the electrolysis cell of dilute copper(II) sulphate solution, in
which the object to be treated is connected as the cathode.
(1 mark)
(d) The copper electrodes R and S are replaced by platinum electrodes M and N respectively. State
what would be observed
(i) at electrode M, and
(ii) at electrode N.
(iii)What would happen to the dilute copper(II) sulphate solution after the electrolysis?
(3 marks)
6. Poly(propenenitrile) is an addition polymer.

Look at the flow chart. It shows how poly(propenenitrile) is made from crude oil.
crude oil
fractional distillation
long chain alkanes
cracking
propene
propenenitrile
polymerisation
poly(propenenitrile)
(a) Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Fractional distillation separates this mixture.
Explain, in terms of intermolecular forces, fractional distillation.
(2 marks)
(b) Look at the structural formula for propenenitrile.
Propenenitrile is an unsaturated compound. Explain.
(1 mark)
END OF PART I
Part II
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
7. The following equation shows the iodination of propanone catalysed by an acid:

H+
CH3COCH3 + I2  CH3COCH2I + HI
(a) (i) The variation of the iodine concentration in the reaction mixture with time can be analysed by
titration. Outline the steps to carry out the titrimetric analysis.
(ii) Suggest a physical method to analyse the variation of iodine concentration in the reaction
mixture continuously.
(iii) Other than the benefit of continuous monitoring, explain why a physical method in (ii) is
more preferable to titration in monitoring the variation of iodine concentration in this
reaction.
(5 marks)
(b) The following graph shows the variation of CH3COCH2I concentrations in the reaction mixture
with time.
Concentration of CH3COCH2I
Time
The experiment is repeated with the same set-up under the same reaction conditions, but using half
of the original concentration of iodine.
(i) Draw, on the above graph, a new curve that shows the variation of CH3COCH2I concentration
in the reaction mixture with time. (Assume that propanone is in excess in both experiments.)
(ii) Explain the effect on the reaction rate of using a lower concentration of iodine.
(2 marks)
8. The dissociation of water is an endothermic and reversible reaction. The equation is shown below:
H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH(aq)
(a) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the above dissociation.
(1 mark)
(b) Given that Kc = 2.50 × 1014 mol2 dm6 is at body temperature (i.e. 37C).
What is the pH value of water at body temperature?
(2 marks)
(c) A student did an experiment to investigate the effect of dissociation of water on human bodies. He
carried out all the experimental procedures at 37C. However, he wrongly used the Kc of the
dissociation of water at 25C in calculation. How does this affect the calculated pH value of water?
Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
(d) Ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) is added to distilled water. After some times, the pH of the
solution is measured. It is found that the pH value has dropped according to the following ionic
equation.
NH4+(aq) + OH(aq)  NH3(g) + H2O(l)
Explain the phenomenon with the aid of an ionic equation.
(2 marks)
9. Coconut oil is extracted from coconut. It is widely applied in food, medicine and industry. One of the
major triglycerides (i.e. a triester) found in coconut oil can be produced by the reaction between
propane-1,2,3-triol and myristic acid, CH3(CH2)12COOH.
(a) (i) Draw the structure of the triglyceride formed by propane-1,2,3-triol and myristic acid.
(ii) What is the molecule eliminated during the formation of the triglyceride?
(2 marks)
(b) It is known that soapy detergents are made from fats or oils.
(i) Briefly describe how to convert coconut oil to soapy detergents.
(ii) Hence, write an equation for the reaction involved in the conversion.
(2 marks)
10. Compound A (C4H10O) is an optically active compound. It can be converted to acyclic compound B
(C4H8) and compound C (C4H8O) respectively. At room temperature and pressure, compound B is a gas
while compounds A and C are liquids.
(a) Deduce the structure of compound A.
(2 marks)
(b) (i) State the reagent required for converting compound A to compound B.
(ii) Draw two possible structures of compound B.
(3 marks)
(c) (i) State the type of reaction for converting compound A to compound C.
(ii) Suggest a reagent for the conversion of compound A to compound C.
(2 marks)
11. Outline a synthetic route, with no more than three steps, to accomplish the following conversion. For
each step, give the reagent(s), reaction conditions (as appropriate) and the structure of the organic
product.
O OCH 3 OH
C
Cl
(3 marks)
END OF PART II
END OF SECTION B
St. Stephen’s Girls’ College
F.6 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 SOLUTIONS
SECTION A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B A C B D D B B D A
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A D A A B A A C D A
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B D B C D C B B
31 32 33 34 35 36
B D A A D C
SECTION B
Part I
1. (a) Mg loses electrons to oxygen and form Mg2+ [1]

Mg is oxidized [1]
(b) (i) M + 2H2O → M(OH)2 + H2 [1]
(ii)
M and water
NOT accept water dispalcement as mass needs to be taken in this case

[1 diagram + 1 labels]
(iii) no. of mole H2 = 8.08 x 10-3/2 = 4.04 x 10-3 = no. of mole M
molar mass of M = 0.162/4.04 x 10-3 = 40.1 [1]
M is calcium [1]
(c) (i) CaO(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) [1 eq'n + 1 state symbols]
(ii)
F.6 Chemistry Final Exam Paper1 2017-18 Solutions P.2
[1]
Ca2+ 2 [1]
2. (a) (i) Pb2+(aq) + 2I-(aq) → PbI2(s) [1]

(ii) heat evolved = 100 x 4.18 x (30.0-19.5) = 4389 J [1]
no. of mole Pb(NO3)2 = 1.5 x 0.05 = 0.075
ΔHr = -4389/0.075 = -58520 J mol-1 = -58.5 kJ mol-1 [1]
(iii) no. of mole Pb2+ = 0.075; no. of I- needed = 2 x 0.075 = 0.15
10% more than needed = 0.15 x 1.1 = 0.165 mol [1]
[KI] = 0.165 / 0.05 = 3.3 mol dm-3 [1]
(b) (i) the enthalpy change of a reaction depends on the initial and final states of the reaction and is
independent of the route by which the reaction may occur [1]
(ii) the enthalpy change when one mole of the substance is formed from its elements in their
standard states [1]
(iii) solutions, not the pure compounds, are the reactants in this reaction [1]
enthalpy change of formation does not describe the heat involved in compounds dissolving in
water to form solutions [1]
(c)
[1 showing all kinds; 1 showing I- and Pb2+ ions sticking together]

(d) Add Br2(aq) and then heptane to both KCl and KI solutions. [1]
Reaction mixture turns brown if it is KCl and turns violet if KI [1]
3. (a) CH3CH3, CH4, [1]

few carbon/ short carbon chains so burn completely and produce no air pollutants [1]
(b) CH4, CH3CH3, CH3CH2Cl, CH3CO2H [1]

intermolecular forces affect their boiling points
CH4 has the smallest number of carbon so weakest van der Waals' force [1]
CH3CH2Cl, CH3CO2H both polar while CH3CH3 non-polar, polar ones greater van der Waals'
force [1]
CH3CO2H also has hydrogen bond so the greatest intermolecular force [1]
communication mark (NOT rewarded if wrong concepts/wrong terms used; fail to recognize
CH3CO2H also is polar or also has van der Waals' force) [1]
(c) hydrogen bonds are formed between them so miscible [1]
 ..
.
. O
 C CH3
H
HO
C
Cl 
Cl
Cl
hydrogen bond
[1 for correct structures + hydrogen bond shown; 1 for all labels incl partial charges]
4. (a) use a filter paper soaked with acidified potassium dichromate solution which turns from orange to
green in SO2(g) [1]
3SO2 + Cr2O72- + 2H+ → 2Cr3+ + H2O + 3SO42- [1]
(b)
[1]
(c) (i) no. of mole HCl = 0.2 x 0.0145 = 2.9 x 10-3 = no. of mole NaOH remains in the 10.0 cm3
sample
no. of mole NaOH remains in the original 250.0 cm3 solution = 2.9 x 10-3 x 250/10 = 0.0725
no. of mole NaOH added = 2 x 0.05 = 0.1
no. of mole NaOH reacted with SO2 = 0.1-0.0725 = 0.0275 [1]
no. of mole SO2 produced from steel = 0.0275/2 = 0.0138
mass of SO2 = 0.0138 x (32.1 + 16x2) = 0.885 g [1]
(ii) answers in the following need to focus on how the factors lead to a change in no. of mole of
hydroxide calculated; not just vaguely touch on some changes
 the acid was diluted and so more was needed for titration [1]
indicated a greater number of NaOH remained [1]
 although ammonia is a weak alkali and ionizes in a smaller extent compared with NaOH
initially [1]
no. of mole OH- reacted is the same for the same amount of SO2 present. [1]
 zinc ions react with OH- to form white preciciptate [1]
so no. of mole OH- remains is smaller [1]
5. (a) (i) 2H+ + 2e- → H2 [1]

(ii) Cu → Cu2+ + 2e- [1]
(b) Water continues to ionize and produce H+ for dischrage at P. [1]
H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-
so there will be excess OH-
making the solution alkaline and the litmus turns blue [1]
(c) electroplating with copper [1]
(d) (i) brown substance forms on M [1]
(ii) gas bubbles form at N [1]
(iii) blue solution gets paler [1]
6. (a) hydrocarbons are composed of different no.of carbon. the greater the number, the stronger the van
der Waals' forces between their molecules [1]
and the higher the boiling point required [1]
(b) there are multiple bonds (double and triple bonds) present [1]
Part II
7. (a) (i) Withdraw a small but fixed amount of the reaction mixture at regular time intervals. Quench
the reaction by pouring the sample into the ice-cold distilled water. [1]
Titrate the quenched sample with a standard sodium thiosulphate solution, using a starch
solution as indicator. [1]
At the end point of titration, the colour of the solution changes from dark blue to colourless.
[1]
(ii) Colorimetry [1]
(iii) No disturbance to the original reaction mixture/can save chemicals/iodine unstable in air
[1]
(b) (i)
s [1]
(ii) molecules less crowded and so fewer collisions and effective collisions→slower rate [1]
8. (a) Kc = [H+(aq)][OH(aq)] [1]

(b) [H+(aq)][OH(aq)] = 2.50 × 1014 mol2 dm6
Since [H+(aq)] = [OH(aq)],
[H+(aq)] = (2.50  10 14 ) mol 2 dm 6 =1.58 × 107mol dm3 [1]
pH = log(1.58 × 107) = 6.80 [1]

(c) For an endothermic reaction, when temperature decreases from 37C to 25C, the value of Kc will
decrease. [1]
[H+(aq)] will decrease and the calculated pH value will be higher. [1]
(d) The concentration of OH(aq) decreases and the equilibrium position shifts to the right. [1]
The concentration of H+(aq) increases and so the pH value of the solution drops. [1]
9. (a) (i)
[1]
(ii) Water [1]

(b) (i) Boil a mixture of coconut oil and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. [1]
(ii)
3NaOH
+ 3CH3(CH2)12COONa+
heat
[1]
10. (a) As A is optically active, one of the carbon atoms is attached to four different atoms or groups of
atoms. [1]
[1]
(b) (i) Concentrated sulphuric acid [1]
(ii)
, and [2]
(c) (i) Oxidation [1]
(ii) Acidified K2Cr2O7 [1]
11.
O OCH 3 OH
C
Cl
HCl(aq) 1. LiAlH4 in dry ether

O OH
2.H+(aq)
C
Cl
[1 for intermediate; 1 for reagent(s) in each step]


Form 6 PSK, KWC

48 students
CHEMISTRY PAPER 2
Time allowed: 1 hour

Name: ________________________ Class: __________ No.: _____
INSTRUCTIONS
1 This paper consists of THREE sections, Section A, Section B and Section C. Attempt ALL questions in
any TWO sections.
2 Write your answers in the Answer Book provided. Start each question (not part of a question) on a new
page.
3 A Periodic Table is printed on the last page. Atomic numbers and relative atomic masses of elements
can be obtained from the Periodic Table.
Section A Industrial Chemistry

Answer ALL parts of the question.
1. (a) Answer the following short questions.
(i) Consider the Haber process:
(1) Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
(2) Suggest how ammonia can be separated from the reaction mixture.
(2 marks)
(ii) Suggest a catalyst for the production of ammonia. (1 mark)
(iii)State and explain the effect of the catalyst on
(1) the activation energy of the original reaction, and
(2) the yield of ammonia.

(2 marks)
(b) Consider the following reaction:
A + 2B  C ΔH < 0
(i) A student has done two experiments to study the kinetics of this reaction.
(1) In the first experiment, the concentration of B is kept constant while the concentration of A
varies. It is found that the reaction is second order with respect to A.
Sketch a labelled graph to show the order of reaction with respect to A. The graph should be a
straight line and the y-axis represents the reaction rate.
(2) In the second experiment, the concentration of A is kept constant while the concentration of B
varies. It is found that the reaction is second order with respect to B. The experimental data is
recorded below:
Experiment [B] / mol dm3 Time / s

I 0.02 188
II 0.03 x
III y 30
Calculate the values of x and y.

(3 marks)
(ii) Hydrogen ions can be used as a catalyst of the reaction.
(1) With the aid of a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve, explain the effect of hydrogen ions
on the rate of reaction.
(2) The following steps are involved in the acid catalysis:
Step 1: A + H+ AH+ (fast)

Step 2: AH+ + 2B  C + H+ (slow)
Sketch a labelled energy profile for the catalysed reaction based on the above
information.
(3) Based on the Arrhenius equation and the energy profile in (2), explain why with the same
temperature rise in the system, the rate constant of step 2 increases to a greater extent.
(7 marks)
(c) Vitamin C can be found in citric fruits. It can be produced by the Reichstein process. The following
table shows the steps in Reichstein process.
Step 1 Glucose is reduced to sorbitol by hydrogenation.
Step 2 Sorbitol is oxidized to sorbose by fermentation.
Step 3 Sorbose is converted to an intermediate compound called KGA.
Step 4 KGA undergoes condensation using a catalyst to give vitamin C.
Step 5 Vitamin C is purified by recrystallization.
(i) Explain why there is a need to produce vitamin C industrially. (1 mark)
(ii) Name a catalyst that can be used in step 1. (1 mark)
(iii)The following equation represents the reaction for step 2:
Explain why common oxidizing agents such as acidified potassium permanganate solution are
not used in this step. (1 mark)
(iv) Suggest two reasons why the Reichstein process is a green process. (2 marks)
END OF SECTION A
Section C Analytical Chemistry

Answer ALL parts of the question.
3. (a) Poly(ethenol) is used to make soluble laundry bags.

A section of the structure of poly(ethenol) is shown below.
CH2 CH2 CH2
CH CH
OH OH

(i) Poly(ethenol) is not manufactured from ethenol. Ethenol is unstable and it forms a more stable
structural isomer.
Analysis of the structural isomer gave the following data.
Characteristic Infrared Absorption Wavenumber Range (Stretching modes)

Bond Compound type Wavenumber range / cm –1
C=C Alkenes 1610 to 1680
Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids
C=O 1680 to 1800
and derivatives
C≡C Alkynes 2070 to 2250
C≡N Nitriles 2200 to 2280
O–H Acids (hydrogen-bonded) 2500 to 3300
C–H Alkanes, alkenes and arenes 2840 to 3095
O–H Alcohols, phenols (hydrogen-bonded) 3230 to 3670
N–H Amines 3350 to 3500
(1) Use all the data to show that the isomer is not ethenol.
(2) Identify the structural isomer of ethenol.
[In your answers you should make clear how your explanation is linked to the evidence.]
(5 marks)
(ii) Confirm the identity of the structural isomer with a chemical test. (2 marks)
(b) Using thin-layer chromatography, student A investigates the composition of both the crude and
recrystallised products of aspirin formation. The student applies separate samples of 2-
hydroxybenzoic acid, pure aspirin, the crude product and the recrystallised product to a
chromatography plate.
The chromatography is then run. The developed chromatogram is shown below.
(i) Describe how the student would analyse the chromatogram to compare the composition of both
the crude and recrystallised products (2 marks)
(ii) Suggest another test to check the purity of the recrystallised product. (1 mark)
(c) The concentration of a Na2Cr2O7(aq) sample A was determined by volumetric analysis; while the
concentration of another Na2Cr2O7(aq) sample B was determined by colorimetry.
(i) 25.00 cm3 of sample A was transferred to a conical flask and acidified with dilute H2SO4(aq).
Then the mixture was titrated with 0.0642 mol dm-3 Fe2+(aq) solution with a suitable indicator. It
required 26.88 cm3 of the Fe2+(aq) solution to reach the end point.
(1) Write a balanced equation for the reaction involved.
(2) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm-3, of Na2Cr2O7(aq) in A.

(3 marks)
(ii) Describe how the concentration of Na2Cr2O7(aq) can be determined by colorimetry. (1 mark)
(d) (i) An organic ether solution contains pentanoic acid and pentane. In order to separate pentanoic
acid and pentane, sodium hydrogencarbonate is added to the solution.
(1) Name the apparatus used for the separation.
(2) Describe and explain briefly the separation result.

(3) State a safety precaution for the process.
(4 marks)
(ii) Suggest how a sulphate solution can be distinguished from a sulphite solution, with only barium
chloride solution and dilute hydrochloric acid available. (2 marks)
END OF SECTION C
END OF PAPER
F.6 CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 SOLUTIONS
SECTION A
1. (a) (i) (1) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 [1]

(2) condensation of ammonia gas to ammonia liquid [1]
(ii) iron powder [1]
(iii) (1) no change, catalyst only provides an alternative pathway for a reaction with lower
activation energy [1]
(2) no change, catalyst only increases the rate of both forward and backward reaction [1]
(b) (i) (1)
Rate
[A]2 [1]
(2) rate = k[A]2[B]2

Since k and A are constants,
1
2
188 = 0.02
1 0.03 2
x
x = 83.6 [1]
1
2
188 = 0.02
1 y2
30
y = 0.05 [1]
(ii) (1)
Number of particles
Ea’: activation energy of
the reaction with H+
Ea: activation energy of
the reaction without
Ea’ Ea Kinetic energy

Correct drawing [1]
Correct labelling of the axes and the activation energy of the reaction with H+ (Ea’) and
that without H+ (Ea) [1]
In the presence of H+, the number of particles having energy equal to or greater than the
activation energy is larger than the reaction without H+. Hence, the number of effective
collisions per unit time increases. [1]
(2)
Potential energy
AH+ + 2B
A + 2B + H+
C + H+
Reaction coordinate
Correct drawing [1]

Correct labelling [1]
Ea 1 1
(3) log k1  log k2 = (  )
2.3R T2 T1
Since Ea of step 2 is greater than that of step 1, [1]
with the same temperature rise, the rate constant of step 2 will increase to a greater
extent. [1]
(c) (i) The supply of vitamin C from plants cannot meet the worldwide demand / there is an
inadequate and shrinking supply of natural vitamin C. [1]
(ii) Platinum [1]
(iii) Other hydroxyl groups in sorbitol will also be oxidized by common oxidizing agents. [1]
(iv) Any TWO:
Glucose is a renewable raw material / fermentation can reduce the use of hazardous chemicals
/ the use of catalyst in step 4 can speed up the reaction. [2]
SECTION C
3. (a) (i) (1) ethenol is CH2=CHOH

 ethenol has a broad absorption at 3230-3670 cm-1 for its hydroxyl group but absent in
the IR spectrum of the isomer [1]
 ethenol has an absorption at 1610‐1680 cm‐1 for its C=C but absent in the IR
spectrum of the isomer [1]
 From the IR spectrum, the isomer has an absorption at ~1750 cm‐1 of C=O group
which is not in ethenol [1]
 From the mass spectrum, the molecular ion peak is at m/e = 44
Base peak at m/e = 29 corresponds to the fragment forms after losing a methyl
radical which cannot be produced from ethenol [1]
(2) CH3CHO [1]
[NOTE: evidence juggled between (1) and (2) is accepted if logical]
(ii) add tollen’s reagent to the isomer [1]
formation of a silver mirror confirms it is an aldehyde [1]
(b) (i) both CP and RP contain aspirin [1]

RP has less 2-hydroxybenzoic acid which is an impurity but RP is still not very pure [1]
(ii) check whether the RP has a sharp melting point [1]
(c) (i) (1) 6Fe2+ + Cr2O72- + 14H+  6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O [1]
(2) no. of mole Fe2+ = 0.0642 x 0.02688 = 1.73 x 10-3
no. of mole Cr2O72- = 1.73 x 10-3 / 6 = 2.88 x 10-4 [1]
[Cr2O72-] = 2.88 x 10-4 / 0.025 = 0.0115 mol dm-3 [1]
(ii) absorbance of it measured and concentration is extrapolated from a calibration curve relating
different absorbance values of a few standard Na2Cr2O7(aq) [1]
(d) (i) (1) separating funnel [1]

(2) sodium hydrogencarbonate reacts with pentanoic acid to form pentanoate ion and
beomes soluble in aqueous layer [1]
pentane has no reaction and stays in the ether layer [1]
(3) done in fume cupboard / release gas pressure from time to time [1]
(ii) barium chloride is added to sulphate and sulphite solutions respectively and both form white
precipitate [1]
while only that of sulphite dissolves in hydrochloric acid [1]

SSGS 17-18 F.6 Final Exam 1 and 2 CHEM

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St.

Stephen’s Girls’ College

Name: ________________________ Class: __________ No.: _____

SECTION A (MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION A

2 All questions carry equal marks.

5 No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.

1. Which of the following shows the atomic structure of 37Cl-?

protons neutrons electrons

2. Which equation is not a neutralization reaction?

A. Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

3. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in Mg(NO3)2?

Questions 4 and 5 are about graphene and graphite.

5. Graphite is a good electrical conductor due to the presence of

A. a weak intermolecular force between layers of graphene.

aqueous sodium carbonate aqueous lead(II) nitrate

A. -2197 kJ mol-1 B. -129 kJ mol-1 C. +129 kJ mol-1 D. +2197 kJ mol-1

8. Which of the following is a non-polar molecule?

A. Br2 → ∙Br + ∙Br B. ∙Br + ∙C3H6Br → C3H6Br2

A. 3X and 11Y B. 5X and 12Y C. 6X and 15Y D. 7X and 16Y

A. X3Y B. XY3 C. X2Y3 D. X3Y2

A. H2O(l) B. H3PO4(s) C. NaCl(s) D. CO2(g)

16. Helium, instead of hydrogen, is used to fill balloons because

Questions 17 to 18 refer to the following experiment.

21. Which of the following processes are endothermic?

1st statement 2nd statement

26. Consider the following reaction:

Which of the following functional groups are present in pyrethrin I?

28. Which of the following combinations is INCORRECT?

29. Which of the following compounds exhibit cis-trans isomerism?

33. Which of the following probably represents the structure of polyester?

1st statement 2nd statement

SECTION B: Question-Answer Book B

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

(a) Magnesium burns in oxygen to form an ionic compound.

(iii) Identify the Group 2 metal, M. Show your work.

(ii) Calculate ΔHr, in kJ mol-1, for the reaction mentioned.

(i) State Hess's law.

(ii) Define standard enthalpy changes of formation, ΔHf.

(iii) State the misconception involved in this alternative method.

3. The question is about four organic compounds.

CH3CH3, CH3CH2Cl, CH4, CH3CO2H

SO2(g) + H2O2(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → SO42-(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(a) Suggest a method to identify SO2(g), with an appropriate equation.

Cases Effect on Reasons

Ammonia solution was

The hydrogen peroxide

(i) at electrode M, and

6. Poly(propenenitrile) is an addition polymer.

(b) Look at the structural formula for propenenitrile.

Propenenitrile is an unsaturated compound. Explain.

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

7. The following equation shows the iodination of propanone catalysed by an acid:

H2O(l) H+(aq) + OH(aq)

NH4+(aq) + OH(aq)  NH3(g) + H2O(l)

Explain the phenomenon with the aid of an ionic equation.

(a) Deduce the structure of compound A.

(ii) Draw two possible structures of compound B.

(ii) Suggest a reagent for the conversion of compound A to compound C.

1. (a) Mg loses electrons to oxygen and form Mg2+ [1]

NOT accept water dispalcement as mass needs to be taken in this case

2. (a) (i) Pb2+(aq) + 2I-(aq) → PbI2(s) [1]

[1 showing all kinds; 1 showing I- and Pb2+ ions sticking together]

Name: __________________ Class: No.: _

Name: __________________ Class: No.: _