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[1], [2], [3], [4], [5] Student of SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of
Electrical and Electronics
[6] Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Faculty of SRM Institute of
Science and Technology
ABSTRACT: The main aim of the paper is Persistent faults, Symmetrical faults and
to identify and restore the faults that occurred Asymmetrical faults. A transient fault is a
in a Power System. The Paper carries a fault where the fault is diminished as soon as
decent comprehensive characterization of the the power is disconnected for a very short
faults along with the overcoming techniques period of time. For example: tree contact,
of it. During a fault, the current and voltage animal contact, lightning strikes etc. A
waveforms are disturbed. In order to persistent fault is a fault that cannot diminish
overcome the disturbances, we are using itself as soon as the power is disconnected.
DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) that acts For example: mechanical damages.
as a compensator. The vital role of DVR is to An unsymmetrical fault is a fault that occurs
provide a smooth flow of the voltage on all the three phases of the power system
waveforms without any disturbances in the equally. Generally this falls under rare case
system .The principle of DVR follows the fault category fault, nearly 5% of the total
injection of voltage and frequency which is faults can be considered as the symmetrical
necessary for the restoration of voltage at the faults. For example: line to line to line fault
load side of desired value. In this paper, the (that is the fault between all the lines) and line
voltage and current waveforms are also to line to ground fault (that is fault between
demonstrated after the incident of fault. the lines and ground)
Asymmetrical faults are the faults that are
INTRODUCTION: Technically our world unbalanced in nature and portrays an effect in
has a high velocity up gradation, which leads each of the three phases. This fault can
to the enhancement of the demand of further be classified as: a) Line to line fault
electricity day by day. Today, electricity is (the fault occurring between two lines of the
transmitted in most parts of the world. During power system) b) Line to Ground fault (the
transmission sometimes there forms some fault occurring between a phase and ground)
faults. In a Power System, any abnormality in and c) Double line to ground fault (the fault
the flowing of electric current is referred to as occurring between the two phases and the
a fault. For example if there is any failure in ground) Power Quality demands much
the circuit, then the fault is said to be an open attention as it plays a very vital role that
circuit fault. A fault is classified as Transient ensures the quality delivery of the power to
faults, the customers. Power Quality Disturbances can
be classified as Variations and Events. Variations
can be defined as a steady state disturbances that
requires persistent scrutinization of voltage system is a basic set of elements of
magnitude variations, frequency variations etc. dimensionless arrays.
On the contrary, voltage transients, voltage swell,
voltage sag, voltage interruptions are the power PROPOSED WORK:
quality disturbances derived from Power The schematic diagram represents IEEE
Quality events. Power Quality disturbances standard 9 bus system as our proposed work.
may be categorized as voltage sag, swell, Our Power system network comprised three
transient, harmonics, voltage flicker and generators, two non-linear loads, nine buses,
notch. The study of various types of one DVR model and one fault block for
phenomena which forms power quality creation of faults. At the generating side, we
disturbances and lead to the formation and are generating 25 kV, 15 kV and 18 kV at
development of mitigation energy. In order to Buses 1, 5 and 9 respectively. One of the non-
develop a proper mitigation strategy, linear loads is installed in Bus 6 and the other
understanding the phenomena of power is in Bus 7. A fault is generated between Bus
quality disturbances and its root cause falls 6 and Bus 8. In a parallel manner we have
under its utmost importance. Simulation of also installed a DVR (Dynamic Voltage
Power Quality disturbances is possible due to Restorer) which compensates the voltage sag.
the decent up gradation of the technology in The switching components of DVR are
terms of software. In this paper the proper mainly IGBT’s,
Simulation is executed by MATLAB which
Fig. 1
is a high level language for performing which are connected in a H-bridge and the
technical computations. This interactive pulses are generated by some PWM DVR
compensates the voltage sag by converting
DC supply to AC. DVR can also play a role The basic model of DVR is given below:
of generating or absorbing controllable real
and reactive powers at the load side. As a
power switching converter it infuses a three
phase ac output voltage in series and in a
synchronous manner with the transmission
and distribution line voltages.
The features of DVR includes a) fast dynamic
responses b) not expensive c) Power flow can
be controlled. This paper is a modified
version of the base paper, where no
compensators were introduced. The base
paper focused about the current and voltage
waveforms and analyzed the flow of power in
the buses. Our upgraded paper focused on
The continuity of the voltage waveforms Fig. 2
using a compensator which enhances the The basic block diagram of the single line
efficiency and moreover the safety of the load implementation of DVR model consists of a
side components. VSI (Voltage Source Inverter), a DC supply,
The table listed below shows the data of load a filter and a transformer.
and generating side:
TRANSFORMER DATA
GENERATOR DATA:- Parameters T1 T2 T3
Parameters G1 G2 G3
Voltage 25kV 15kV 18kV Power 4000 4000 4000