tors s stripes on Tue MICHIGAN ECCE TEACHER'S BOOK Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley oaks Express Publishing AdO) 31dH1¥S 348 J1WS Od LON* er Mra Cod J ee Os eC uy ir Show Predicting Actes lumping |corten rom —_|___ fpeores | Exam Practice | Exam Practice | | ant Transporation |Past Tenses ~|Exonng |inwoducion to Stage |ine cry | Expressing opinions am Practice | Exam Practice | | [Ging Eniatainment_|Future Tenses Thome Phrasal Verbs! ‘Parks Propesiions | | Exam Practice |Exam Pracic | - - [Rest Yinntver acne Noo taking ~ IPatcpiey | | | [sioner | |erunca’ Too - Enough ‘Exam Practice | Exam Pracice ~ (Part it) ating out [Food TAdjeaives) [Dining Out Dealing win problems (op. 445%) Adverbs! |Bepressing opiions, |Comparsons |civingraasons |Exam Practice) | ‘Exam Practice | vg: | | (Stages 2-4) Keeping fit [Healthy Liing Medals Sports | (pp. 52.67) Phrasal Verbs/ (GFitness: | Prepostions | | | ram Paci [Exam Pace |) _ = [TiavelTips The Passive Swinmers —— and Saiety [Voice Beware ~ exam Practice wm Pracice | ~ 3 | | rt WPar I ‘eeomadaiins| Taso! Cassio For You TDisaising (0p. 76.83) [Arangoments |restos advantages & | | [disadvantages Exam Practice Exam Practice | |(Stages 2.) Touring the city | Tourism Plural Nouns | Tour of | - (9.8499) © Phrasal Veos/ | Morves Prepostons am Practoe sam Pavice | Environmental [Reported |Fycropower! - 7 Issues Speech | ~ |Exam Practice | [exam Practice | |(Part WPart it) | a > — Parr t | Formal essays/| letters making | suggestions! |solvinga | problem Extension |Formal letters | | giving advice Revision @ | | Extension |Mtg ‘Saving the planet| Going Groen (pp. 108-115) (pp. 116-131) | Animal Issues feces Prepositions ‘Exam Practice Grime and Punishment ~ Tale! Exam Practice ered ‘Questions [Exam Practice Possessives Clauses) Expressing Relationship between ideas Exam Practice Coe} Cleanup Campaign Wife Photography Se ic isting/adaing points, giving a talk, offering solutions, giving reasons/agresingy disagreeing Exam Practice (Stages 2-4) ea Exam Practice Rn Formal essays) letters expressing opinion Revision & Extension | Grammar Appendix (pp. kv) | Speaking Appendix (p. vi) [Vocabulary Appendix (pp. vii-xiv) LWeriting (pp. xv) ‘Answer Section (pp. AS1-AS34) Tapescripts (pp. T1-T20) Irregular Verbs 1 (Part Part it) 2A andy gageisierions—Expessng ong Ue Buldng vet u (pp. 140-147) | Relationship | Easier ‘vocabulary, : | Between Ideas ‘expressing preference Exam Practice ice : LL | [stages 24) | Leap into Technology Quantifers (Science | | Formal essays technology | Phrasal Verbs) Technology describing | (p. 148-163) | Prepositions | problems and | ‘offering solutions | Exam Practice | Exam Practice ~ Revision & | | Extension Wild weather —|Weather Conditionals |The Desert | (pp. 164-171) | Conditions L | | Exam Practice [Exam Practice | (Part VPart it) Supersttons & |WishesiHad | Film Festival Discussing Phenomena |betterWould consequences, rathor/Prefer! suggesting solutions Unreal Past Exam Practice | Exam Practice [ 7 _— | | Gtages 2-4) Elements of inversion’ | Wildemess | Formal eters? Nature |emphaticy | Wak | essays Phrasal Verbs! | imperative! Including | Prepositions it~ There descriptive [technique Exam Revision & | _ Extensionhave acquited a high-intermediate com Err See tts ae aT TS ane] eee ind Ce Cu Nt maC a t e Sean icin eeu ere eee ete ea ca aking. The EC eading, writing. a eh Listening section ———— — AA Listening section to be completed in approximately 30 minutes. The listening script and the questions are only heard once. There are ‘two parts to this section. Part | includes 30 short conversational exchanges, each followed by a question. The answer choices for each question are three pictures Students choose one of the pictures to answer the question. Part Il requires students to listen to four short talks on different subjects, each given by a single speaker. Each talk will last about one and a half minutes and be followed by four to six questions, which will be printed in the answer booklet along with the answer choices a, b,c, and d There will be a total of 20 questions for this section ‘A minimum passing grade for this section is 65% - approximately 32-33, ‘questions correctly answered. ‘A Grammar, Vocabulary & Reading section to be completed in 90 minutes. There are 100 ‘multiple-choice questions in this section. The questions have four choices each and are divided as follows: 35 questions covering grammar points eee 35 questions covering vocabulary points (EERB 30 questions based on the reading of texts The first reading task consists of two short reading passages followed by five questions each. The second reading task consists of two multi-text readings with four short related texts totalling about 550 words. The texts will be followed by ten questions. The minimum passing grade for this section is 65% ~ 65 questions correctly answered,ing section ‘A Writing section to be completed in 30 minutes. Students are required to produce a letter or an essay in response to a written prompt which is usually a short article or letter appearing in a newspaper. The minimum passing grade is C. The writing section is scored using a 5-level rubric: A (High Pass), B (Pass), C (Low Pass), D (Borderline Fail), and E (Fail). Speaking section A Speaking section to be completed in 10-15 minutes. This section consists of a four-stage one-to-one interaction between the examinee and an oral examiner. In Stage 1, the examinee is asked basic personal questions on a variety ‘of topics such as school, family, and general interests. This stage is a warm-up activity and is not rated. In Stage 2, the examinee takes part in a role play with the examiner concerning a problem/situation. The examinee is shown a prompt card which contains instructions, questions to ask, and pictures relating to a problem or situation, The examinee must ask the examiner the questions in order to get information to help make a decision. The examiner gives ‘two possible solutions or options. In Stage 3, the examinee expresses his/her opinion about the problem/ situation and must explain his/her choice. In Stage 4, the examiner asks further questions that are related to the topic from stages 2 and 3. The minimum passing grade is C. The speaking section is scored using a S-level rubric: A (High Pass), B (Pass), C (Low Pass), D (Borderline Fail), and E (Fail.Lead-in © Do you play any sports? ‘© What is your favorite spor? Why? ‘© Ate there any sports you would Tike to ty? Discuss in groups. Read the passage. Then answer the ‘questions on the next page. #£ ‘© Scan the multiple choice questions without looking at the choices. ‘© Read the text careully to Understand what its about. ‘+ Look atthe first part of the question, and underline key words: Don't read the options (AD) yet. Find the part ofthe text the question refers to. * Go through the choices and choose the answer that fis best and is based (on wat the text says, not your own experiance. Keep in rind that the information may be rephrased, ‘© Evenif you think you know the corect “answer, ays check thatthe others ‘are not appropriate. Double check your answer. Don't go fr the obvious ‘one as t may be a bap. I've known my horse, Simon, all his life. I was there when he was born, and right after his birth, | remember my mom saying he had the look of a winner. I've spent years training with Simon, competing in one arena after another, taking home more trophies than | can fit on my mantel? This weekend, we're participating in the Brentina Cup, a championship for riders aged 18-26. The event's the perfect stepping stone for the Grand Prix, the most challenging competition in show jumping. Simon and | have spent many days in the ring together to get to this point in our careers. | say "our" careers, because | believe that Simon, through his love of showing off, decided for himseif that this is what he wanted to do.* | remember his first training jumps ~ over a pole laid two inches off the ground. At first, he preferred to walk around the pole, like any other reasonable creature.’ Not long after, he was making the jump with the grace and courage of a true equestrian show jumping horse. AS time went-on, the jumps became higher and closer together on a course of twists and turns. | was very careful not to push Simon too hard, | didn’t want to shake his confidence if he happened to miss difficult jumps. Eventually, Simon and | were jumping over pools of water, and walls six feet high, and so far, we've competed in dozens of shows. I'm so proud of Simon; lowe my success in show jumping to him.0 SS a Pe 1 Which statement best describes the main idea of this passage? (gioba! question) ‘2 Show jumping is a challenging but thnling event. b_ Thorider and her horse have a very spacial bond, ‘© Show jumping requires grace and courage @ The horse, Simon, was bor to ‘compete in show jumping 2. In the first paragraph, what is a mantor? @ arype ot shelf © atype ofhorse aiding jacket _d abuletn board 3. What is one aspect the Brentina Cup? {ts the most important show in show jumping {t's mainly a show for young horses. @) I's a good competition for advancing to other shows. ds @ required competion for entering the Grand Prix. 4 According to the article, why dd Simon become a show jumping horse? Iwas decided at his bith There's mom wanted him to be one itwas his choice He was too old to race. 5 According to the article, what do horses do at thelr first jump? a They stand stil and don't move. They slonly walk over the jump. © They become upset and ated @ They find another way around the jum, ACTED TEL a g Sports/Li sure Activities 4 Filin: tcophy /comoetition wannar arena / courage 1. Alicia moved with grace as she exercised on the field 2. The rider and her horse entered the arana to begin the course. 3. Jason faced stiff competition during the basketball tryouts. 4 Ittakes great courage to perform In a stadium full of people. 5. His bowling team was awarded the firstiplace trophy. 6 Shelly emerged as the clear winner inthe race. os vy ewlery 1.9 ‘Choose the correct item. 41 The Youth Theater Group gave their best... ofthe season last right _ achievement © pertorrance b conference progress 2. Many parents ther children to participate in school sports. a reassure B encourage © position promote 3. Was the outcome ofthe decision for Jack's team? @ favorable —b challenging ¢ offensive d popular 4 Josie cidnt losing the championship very well a get b receve (© take cary 5 YOU CM nnn @ lack of natural talent by practicing alot @ overcome —b grasp © master —d succeed Underline the correct wor 1 Laurie pulled a muscle from extending/stretchinglexpanding/ tightening too much 2. The Flatpoint High soccer team played a great game, but they were defied defined/defended/deteated in the end 3. Did the coach tackle/eonfront/encounter/oppose Josh about his bad behavior? 4 The basketball player strained/pressured/toughened/stressed to make the dificult shot. Check the appropriate box(es). Use the phrases to fil in the items. below. win gain earn ¥— aliving experiance «2 competition confidence aprize 11 She wanted to earn a fiving doing a job she loves. 2. The only way to win 2 prize Isto finish in first place Speaking & Writing * Other than physical atvty, what are some benefs of practicing a | sport? ‘© Do you think animals should be used fr sports? + Is competition heathy? Talk about it to the cass. + Should certain sports be banned? Wrich anes? Spend three minutes, writing about the topic. (See Answer Section) SUR St pee ree* | isu ) * for permanent situations/states, He doesn live in New York anymore + for permanent truths or laws of nature. Water freezes at 32°F + for repeated actions/habits (especially with frequency adverbs). She always washes her car every Saturday aftemoon, + for reviews/sports commentaries! headiines/narration. Mery Streep acts superbly in the movie. + for schedules/programs (future reference). The plane lands at 12:50 pr. + in exclamatory sentences that begin with there or here. There he goes! ime expressions: every dayhweek/monthy/ year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely ever, often, in the moming/afternoon! evening, at noon, at night, etc. ‘Adverbs of frequency express how often something happens: always (100%), usually (75%), often (50%), sometimes (25%), seldom/rarely (10%), never (0%). Present Progressivi Its used: ‘+ for temporary situations. she is staying vith her unt this week + for changing or developing situations. aybrid cas are becoming popular. + for frequently repeated actions with always, constantly, continually, expressing annoyance or criticism. He's always talking in cass + for actions happening at or around the moment of speaking. Peteis studying fora ‘math test now. Are your parents looking for ‘new house? * for fixed arrangements in the near future. 'm meeting Ann this afternoon ‘Time expressions: now, at the moment, |at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, stil, etc Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state | rather than an action. They do not normally ) have a progressive form. These verbs are: * verbs of the senses (used to express involuntary actions): feel, hear, see, smell, taste, etc. hear someone calng me. ‘+ verbs of feeling and emotions: adore, detest, dislike, forgive, hate, lke, etc She ell kes chatting ontine. 4, Fillin the blanks using the simple present or present progressive. | 1b | (TET ie: Lames unas 2d Nowadays, more and more schools 1) ar facing (face) new problems conceming Intemet use. Current, the ‘musio industy 2) is ing (fe) complaints with universities across the county and 8) accusing (accuse) students of sharing MP3 fies over school networks. In most cases, a student 4) pays (pay) forthe MP fle, but 5) makes (make) itavailable to his orher frends at no charge. When asking students why they dot they simply reply: “Everyone 6) does (do) it because nobody 7) thinks (think) they wil (get caught!” Industries usually 6) identty (identify) the students by ther numerical Internet address and then 9) report (report) them to the Universities. They 10) are also improving (alsojImprove) thei programs to stop future MPA sharing. Complete the sentences using the present progressive and then Indicate its use. 1A: Michael just got a new job in France. B: He's leaving (leave) for Paris next month. (fixed arrangement in the future) Hi, Mrs, Brady. Is Peter home? Br Yes, but he is ‘aking (take) a shower at the moment. (action happening at or arourd the mament af speaking) Do you want to come see a play with me tonight? Frean', Hin Sabysiting (babysit) tonight. fixed arangement in Be Is Linda in the office today? No, she ‘sot working (notiwork) this week. ‘temporary | can't stand the way Daisy drives! You" alvays comoiaining (alwaysicomplain) about her! (frequent ‘eoeated action - expressing annoyance) weer ‘Are you sill on the gymnastics team? ‘Yes, but'm going to quit. The competitions 2re getting (get) too hard. (changing oF developing situation) ae Fill in the blanks using the simple present or the present progressive. Dear Mom and Ded, Hil How 1) are you doing (you/do)? Soccer camp 2) is (be) great fun! Every morning we 3) practice (practice) for three hours. The drils 4) are geting (get) harder and harder as we go along! After that, the coaches §) giva (give) us free time. There are many activities to choose from. Tis afternoon my iends and | 6) are riking (hike) to the top of the mountain near our camp. My teammates are all very fiend. I really 7) ke (ke) hanging out with them. The regional finals @) sre (be) at 7 pm next Monday. Although my team 9) doesit have (notihave) a good chance of ‘making it, we intend to give it our best "Ihave to go now. My friends 10) are wating (walt) for me! Lots of love, Jamie eee ae+ verbs of opinion: agree, believe, suppose, understand, et. believe you're wrong, * other verbs: appear (= seem), belong, concern, contain, depend, fit (= be the right shape and size for sth), have possess), know, mean, owe, own, possess, need, prefer, require, want, ‘weigh, wish, keep (= continue), seem, fete They know a lot about music Note: Feel and hurt can be used in progressive or simple forms. Sue i feling/ feels dizzy, Listen, look, and watch express deliberate actions and can be used in progressive forms. They are looking at the sunset. (Remember!) Some tative verbs (be, love, enjoy see, smell, taste, think. ete) have progressive forms, but there isa ference in meaning (or details se Grammar Append 1b) eis used: + for recently completed actions. She has redecorated her bedroom. (The action is complete - her bedroom is now redecorated ~ evidence in the present.) for completed past actions connected to the present with stated or unstated time reference, or with time words such as just or already. They have bought a car (We don't know when they bought the Cat) He has just returned from work. (stated time reference) * for personal experiences/changes which hhave happened. ! have never eaten such a delicious cake! have gained weight recently. to emphasize number. Whave seen three movies this week. Is the fist tme "ve been to Alaska, (use of phrase it is the first/ second, etc. time ..) Time expressions: just, ever, already, never, yet, always, recently, how long, so far, since, for today this week/month, et. ‘He has gone to the store, (He's on his way to the store, or he's there now. He hasn't come back yet.) + He has been to Las Vegas. (He has visited Las Vegas, but he isn’t there now. He has come back.) ‘+ Hehas been in Switzerland fortwo years (He lives in Switzerland now) I Grammar Present 4, Put the verbs in parentheses into the simple present or present progressive. 1. A: [500 (see) there's a great movie on TV. Would yau like to watch ite B: [dove to, but (see) my lawyer later today, so | have to 90 soon. 2 A: Lim thinking (think) of buying an electric guitar. B: [ion thn (notthink) that's @ good idea, 3. A: Why 22 you smeling (you/smell) the pot? B. lve washed it tice, and it still sels (smell) ike fish 4A: My parents 212 (ooking (I00k) at some vacation brochures. B: That's why they 00k (look) so happy! 5 A: se you doing (you/do) anything tonight? B: Yes. I'm goirg (go) to the movies with Ann. The movie stars (start) at 7:00 s0 we aro eating (meet) at 6:30 outside the ‘movie theater. Would you lke to jin us? 6 A: The doctor's weighing (weigh) the baby to see ithe has gained any weight 8: He wighs (weigh) about 16 pounds I think. 7A: Is ike enjoying (Mikefenjoy) his new computer? B: Yes, he 2710y3 (enjoy) suring the Net 8A: The Simpsons are having (have) money troubles nowadays. 3: Really? But they both have (have) great jobs! 55 Choose the correct answer 1 He Cube for two years ‘@ has beon in © hes been to bis going in has gone in 2 Melina in a good mood. ‘@ hasbeen usually (6) is usually bis usually boing is being usually 3 Martha washing her car. 2 just fish € just‘inishes b has finished just —“@>_—has just finished al watorsking befor. @ have nevertied == @_amtying never b never ty never tying 5 Sho the movies twice this week 8 go3sto € is going ib has been to has been in 61 hockey for a year. @ playing € amnot playing b dontplay @ havent played G Filin the blanks withthe fllowing words. ravely | since / ever / for ust / stl / yet / already / before 1. Have you 2¥er been to a soccer game? 2 I've never seen that man before. 3 This movie has not ot been rated. 4 It's almost seven o'ctock, and I sti haven't stated dinner! 5 Bill hasn't spoken to Lara since thelr ight 6 7 8 9 You don't have to vacuum. ve ziready done it. Sorry, but Mr. Bums has just stepped out for a moment. Tony has played on the baseball team for more than two years ‘The new celebrity couple has crely been seen in public together| ‘sa Grammar _Prese | ae tes used: * for actions started in the past and continuing up to the present. She hos been answering emails for an hour. (She started an hour ago and she’s stil answering them.) + for past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present. They have been shoveling snow. That’ why they're out of breath. + to express anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation, or criticism. She has been ‘opening my mail (annoyance) Who has been using my computer? (anger) ‘+ to emphasize duration with for, since, or hhow long. have been feeling il for days. [Time expressions: just, since, how long, for, all day/veok, ete | Remember!) | The present perfect and the present perfect progressive can be used interchangeably with certain verbs such as: work, study, stay, walt, ive, et She as ived/has been living in Haine for twenty years. 7 Compa the sentences using the present perfect or the present porfoct progressive. 1 Ididnt know Phil had a dog! 8: Yeah, he nas hac (have) It for | ‘two years, | 2 &: I'm going out! } B: Already? You have oniy bven } wworing(nlylwork) for halt an hour! 3A: Why are you angry at your brother? B: He has been using (use) my computer all week without asking me, 4A: Angola sa wonder git 8: Yes, she is. Actually, | have srown (know) hor since high school 5A: Has she boon taking (sho/talk) fn the phone all this time? Yes, that's why our phone bill is 0 high 10 10 ais B Name the correct present tense in bold, and then match ito its ust He usualy watches TV aftr dinner. (simple present) [2[>] They have been sunbathing al tternoon. (present pertect progressive) [5[D] The pay starts at 7pm. (simple present) [47] We are trying to book ou vacation right now. (present progressive) [512] She is happy because she has just bought a new car. (present pertect ([5[2] We are tying to Pars next week, (present progre: (715) Sports cars are getting more and more expensive, (present prograssive} [B[E] Snow falls inthe winter. (simple present) a b ° fixed arrangement forthe future schedule action which started in the past and continued up to the present with ‘emphasis on duration changing or developing situation law of nature ‘ction happening atthe time of speaking daily ;outine action that happened at an unstated time in the past ut the verbs in parentheses in the simple present, present progressive, present perfect, or present perfect progressive tense, 1. A’ Stan has been exercising (exereise) a lot lately. Yes, he is competing (compete) in atriathion next woek. Alter work, | usually walk (walk) the dog and then oaok (cook) dinner | always watch (always/watch) the 6 o'clock evening news when | get home from work. Ben is (aking (take) his driving test tomorrow, right? Yes, but he probably won't pass because he hasn't been practicing (notipractice. They have already packed (already/pack) for their vacation. Really? They aren’ eaving (notileave) until next week! | haven't seen (not/see) Sara much this summer. She piays (play) soccer every day. ere Look at the pictures and answer the questions using the appropriate present tense. In pairs, use the pictures to make up more questions and answer them. (See Answer Section) 1) Whatis she doing? 2 What haven't they done yet? | { ‘3 What have they been doing all weekend? (4 Where is she?SPM ieee cu EE Read the sentence caretully, then read the four options. Decide fe which completes the sentence correctly. Remember that Common mistakes are often included as options. Read the completed sentence to make sure ft makes sense, Ho seems to be geting __atfotoal a better ana biter ©. best and beter . more beter 4. best Why wasn't Jenifor a the party on Saturday” ‘She about the date change,” @. wasn't been told (b) hadn't been tla «hadn't tole wasn't been informess “who won te tournament?” “Both toams they fr first place.” a. te ‘b. tied ©. are ying @. had tes “hope people at work ___to carpoot more often.” "Yeah It's a good way to protact the environment” a. began ». boginning ©) will begin a. must begin ro you going to invite Jane to the schoo! dance Well |_____, but m not sure.” want to am wanting 0 c. have wanted to 4. towantto Hardy had | opened tne door, __theard somebody scream a. but b. ater ©. than &) when Late___ twas, he stil called he a alinough b. despite c. nevorteless though No sooner ha they lt, a. but ». when & than @. ator It started raining, I's very important that you here on time forthe ‘meating tomorrow. a. will be are being be will have been 40. Dinner wil be ready by the time you_home, . coming 6. will come wil have come 41. “Have you ever been to a Thai restaurant?” “Yes. | +0 one just last week. ‘a. was going 5, went 6. have gone . had gone 12, V wish that second piece of cake. | had a stomachache allright long. ‘a, could not eat b. would not eat had not eaten d. did not eat 13, This soup isn't_to eat yet. @ warm enough B. very warm ©, too warn , much warmer 14, We by his announcement. were surprised surprised ourselves ©. were surprising found surprise 6. 1 donation, but she also founded an “organization for the homeless. a. She did only make b. Not only she made & Not only did she make 4. She only made not 16. Lets ask Tim con his birthday cake. a, he wants ) what he wants ©. what does he want 4, does he want ‘am thinking about traveling abroad. al, traveling to a foreign country has _ts positive and negative points.” @ both . nelther ©. also 4. oither 18. “I want to take the family on a European tour.” “you your trip arranged through my travel ‘she's great!” (@ must have would rather have wil have i had better have cogting Content from Pictu Work in pairs. Look at the pictures below and brainstorm what you think the conversations will be about. Which of the words/expressions below do you expect to hear? Match the words to the appropriate set of pictures credit card B 5 hang gliding a 6 front row seats. [7] 7 clown CG) 8 boarding pass vacation drop somebody off baseball (See Answer Section) & 9 hockey practice a o 10 reading Ee] o 11 pictures E Ea 12 train ticket Q What do you think is going to be asked in each set of pictures (1-6) below? 2. Match the following questions to each set of pictures above. A 8 c D 3, Si Look atthe pictures in Ex. 1 again. Now listen to the short conversations and circle the correcta Which activity would best suit the man? How will ne get to soccer practice? Where will the man sit? Where will they go? 8 E What actvty does she NOT have time for? 4 F What kind of transportation is the man taking? 2 jer (A, B, oF C),* Exam Practice Listening EEE Part | ‘You will hear several short conversations. After each conversation, you willbe asked a cen tier Listen, look at the pictures, and mark A, B, or C. Here is an example: eis The correct answer Is 8. Now, let's continue. a Look at the pictures and brainstorm what the conversations will be about. Listen carefully as the answer depends on the third speaker's question. Keep in mind that all of the items may be ‘mentioned in the conversation, but only one is correct according to the ‘question,* Lead-in © How do you travel around your city: by ‘bus? by train? or by car? Why? Discuss fm pats, Is it easy to travel around your city? Why or why not? Tell the class, ‘© What form of transportation have you never taken but would like to ty? Why? | recently visited Austin, Texas, with my wife and two chidren and we had a antastic time, There is a lot to see for both aduts and chidren including the impressive Capitol Building and the colorful and entertaining. Austin Chikren’s Museum. J One of the highights of our stay’? was [when ave went on a sightseeing crise of Lake Laty Bird aboard an emironmentally friendly riverboat. The eruse was narrated | by 2 very friendly ard koowedgeable J} guide who also had a great sense of | humor. The most exciting part wateting the bats emerge from under Congress Bridge at sunset. The kids loved it Ths is a great way for the whole family to see all the sights of the city in a relaxed mareer, all in about an how? andl ata reasonable price too | woud definitely recommend it ‘or all Tour Guides From: Human Resources Dept Subject: Annual Tsing Day Td Uke to remind you all of our upeoming anual tour guides! airing day which wail take place Thursday March 22° at our headquarters on Neoson Steet. Ths is a mandatory S-hour taining session and all eniployees are expected to attend, Thoee who fail fo attend will havo one day deducted trom their next paycheck, Please ‘wear comlortable footwear’ as we wil be doing some role-playing which involves overient, Lunch wil be provided as well, as coffee and snacks. Soft drinks will be served atte end so tis also an opportunity to relax and get to know your colloagues Please feel fee to contact me if you should have a problem or need any help Regards, ‘Miles O'Rourke Director of Human Resources Lady Bird Cruises © Lay Bird Crutses Gazette | Employee Awards Emily Breton, tour guide," has been nominated employee of the year by her management and her fellow employees after being named employee of the month twice this year, Emily worked in her dad's restaurant before returning to college to eam a degree in Art History, After spending a summer abroad, she came and joined us’ and has been with the company for over 10 years now and is ‘one of our most experienced guides. Emily is overjoyed and believes that her hard work and devotion ever the past years have definitely paid off. “t's a huge honor for me,” said Emily. “1 am very happy to have such an interesting job and to be working with such lovely people, Meeting so many smiling faces at our training session keeps me coming back every year.” Emily will receive her prize of a trophy, $1000, and a voucher fora long weekend for two in a US city of her choice ‘ta ceremony this coming Friday at the company headquarters. Climb aboard and explore Austin's Lady Bird Lake on one of our 40-, 50-, oF 60-at cruisers! We offer sightseeing tous, dinner cruises, ‘and boat charter services for private parties Sightseeing tours Boat charter services Minimum of 3 hours with a maximum of 8 hours.” 9 Make your reservation today! Visa, American Express, or cash only, No rofunds for cancelations, Handicap accessible.” Read the instructions and the questions frst, Then skim through the texts and identty the key words that might relate to tna question, This wil help you answer the questions, {| Read the texts A-0 and answer the questions 1-10, Questions 1-2 refer to section A, 1. What is the main purpose of section A? a to advertise an event to provide detailed information 2a (Goingktherdistance $10 for adults and $5 for children 11 and under, Dinner cruises - $60 per person (all food and beverages included) {$200 the frst hour, and $30 each addtional hour 2. What does the writer mean by one of the highlights? 2 a bright area of a place ban outstanding part of an event © a place from which there is a good view something that is clearly visible ‘Questions 3-4 refer to section B. 3. What advioe is given to employees? a to work on their acting skills © a tooffer help © toinvite b to give a waming a © to promote eco-tourism > to report an experience to wear appropriate shoes tobe friendly with colleagues d_ totxing money to pay for lunch 4 What is the main purpose of section B? (gicia/ auestin to make an announcementEy Questions 6-6 refer to section C. 3. What kind of rental gotions are there if we need a car for the week? 5 What did Emily do right before 4 Allfood and beverages are included with this type of package, working for her current company? 8 Do you recommend making reservations, or can we just show up for a She was a tour guide for the event? another company. 6 Do you offer a discount rice if we come as a large group? (B) She traveled for a while. @ She studied Art History. 2. Undertine the correct word. She worked in her dad's 1. Train fares aro restricted/regulatedirestrained/reduced by the restaurant ‘govecnment so that they do nat go too high. 6 According to Emily, what helped 2. Peis must be kept in openiremote/public/confined spaces while her get the award? traveling on airplanes, a her qualifications 3. Frank was vory almless/useless/reckless/careless during the written b_ her experience paar of his driving test. her dedication 4 Firstclass seating on airplanes supplies/contributes/cat rs) @- her personality furnishes to wealthy travelers . 55 id Robert pay to0 much fo his cab sumitare/prce/cost? Questions 7-8 refer to section D. 6 The government issued/provided/commanded/included a waming 7 What isa possible time rame for a about traveling to that county privato party on a boat? 7 This road is broaely/roughly/chietlyinealy used by commercial @ 8pm. tam. vehicles B 3 pm.-530 pm 8. Tain avelis one decision/option/selection/substute or raveling © 9am-8pm from New York to Boston. 4 t0am,—noon 9 Did Jennifer nave rouble recognizingiecaling/etling/ recounting {8 What does the ad imply about the {he exact tne of her igh? ree 0. The CD player in Mikes car stopped working 80 he hada new one F tee eans rem ingtalledjestablishediconetructedidesigned chiar, teen ae 3} Flin the bianks with: impact ead rst ature partes. 1 With the numberof aio in the word today, there is no int to @, They ar suitable for people whore we can go. with labies, 2. Even though Jim has boon working as a salesman, he is an auto They are not suitable for mechanic by 8 ‘aries 3 unique ‘eau of this beyee Is that it folds up fr easy storage 4 The impact that air travel has on the environment is becoming ‘Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, increasingly apparent. B,C, and b. 9 Which sections refer to a certain 4, Check the appropriate box(es) Use the phrases to filinthe items number of hours of participation? below. Choose four phrases and make sentences of your own. a A,B, and.@) A,B, and » C.B.andD @-alloftnem 10 Where will Emily Breton be on vases | book March 222 a onatour premonition b_ atan awards banquet ‘ticket © out with her friends ‘otoble @ ataninstuctona session ahalson the tight [io do sth) Vocabulary VY acwice Transportation 1. Did you reserve 3 table by the window at the restaurant? beverages / price / options 2 You must make a choice; do you want red or blue? pace / reservations / members Speaking & Writing —xccnmmmm, * In terms of transportation, what are the advantages of bicycling ‘members can help you. ‘compared to: walking? driving? Give a one-minute talk to the class. 2 The benefit of taking the tour * What do you think is the safest form of transportation? The most without a guide is you can go at dangerous? Why? Spend three minutes writing about the topic. your own pace, (See Answer Section) ese Rc eam eN an mnenra me 1 FW 1. Ifyou need assistance in choosing the right tour, one of our staff* for actions that began and ended in the past at a stated or implied time. she ‘washed her car yesterday Hitchcock directed ‘more than itty movies. (Hitchcock is dead ~ he won't direct any more.) + to describe past habits and states/ situations. We sang in the choir when we were students, * for past actions which happened one immediately after the other. Som came ‘home, ate dinner, and called his rien. ‘expressions: yesterday, last night’ week, etc, two weeks/a month ago, Chow long) ago, just now in 2005, etc. | ‘in American English, in certain cases both forms, present perfect and simple past, can be used: * to express a past action which has an effect on the present. Ilst/velost my ar keys. Can you help mefind them? * with already, just, and yet. !already finished/'ve already finished cleaning ‘my room. jut checked/"ve just checked ‘my email. Did you eat lunch yet? Have you eaten lunch yet? eis used: * for past actions which were in progress when another action interrupted them, She was washing her car when her brother arrived. + for actions which were in progress at a stated time in the past, but we do nat know when the actions started or finished. At 8 ociock last night, they were eating dinner * for two or more actions which were happening simultaneously. Jim was studying for his math test while Pam was reading a novel to give background information in a story. The wind was blowing as she looked ut the window, Time expressions: while, when, as, the ‘moment that, all day/night/morning, all day yesterday, etc {2b f Grammar Past Tenses Tis used \ 1 Complete the sentences using the simple past or the past progressive 1A: What wera you ci Be bas wal ig (youldo) when the accident happened? 1 (walk) my dog, {you/be) at 9 pm last night? | was wacang out (work out) atthe gym. Die you anjoy (yourenjoy) the opera? Not really. The couple next to us was constary whisp (constantly/wnispen), Paulie (leave) work early today. 'know, he act (have) an early business dinner to attend, What "eoneneu! (happen) after | let yesterday? ‘The opposing team scared (score) one more goal and shortly after, the game ended! (end). ci vou manage (you/manage) to get there on time? Well it io0# (take) me a while to get a taxi but I finally macio (make) it. 7A: Who ware you w ‘computer crashed? 8: Toatiend | mer (meet) in Paris last surmmer. 8 A: What time sc yo. '2av0 (youlleave) the house this morning? 8: 197 (leave) on time, but my car broke down as Iwas anving (drive) to work. Be or ring @Ro> Be 3 (Youlwrite) an email to when your 2. Ghose the correct answers. 1 The students Quietly when the principal walked in. @ rereading b read —@ were reading d have read 2 I woke up. coffee, and left the house. a. had b have © amhaving was having 3 yourself on the ski tip? Were you enjoying b_ Did you enjoyed 4 I saw Laura yesterday. She wasn't recognizing © haven't recognized 1b doosn't recognize @) didn't recognize "hated my sister, growing Up! She ..ne my clothes! 2 constantly has borrowed) was constantly borrowing 'b constantly was borrowing —d_borrowed constantly © Were you enjoy @ Did you enjoy me at fst, 3. Fillin the blanks using the present and past tenses. Pre-game rituals 1) a79 oe ‘and more popular. Some athletes carry goodsuck charms, while others 2) woar (wear) the same pair of 300ks to every game. Before a game, colege basketball str, Carroy Smith, 3) istans (Usten) to opera music while she 4) gers (get) dressed She 5) volioves (believe) this is what helps her stay focused. “1 6) start (start this ritual when | was in high schoo! and the fst ie | tried it, 17) scorad (seore) fity points!” She 8) has bean tuning (tune) into her favorite opera station for the last two years. Ever since she 9) began (begin) her ritual, Carrey 10) nasnt scored (not/score) less than thy points in a game.[The past progressive is not used for || repeated actions in the past. The simple | past is used instead. 1 took a nap every | afternoon when 1 was on vacation, (NOT: 1 ‘waetakinganap every.) Ie is used: ‘for actions which happened before another past action, or before a stated time in the past. She had washed her carby the time her brother arrive. ‘for an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past Cindy had won the horse race, so she felt delighted, [Fiaw expressions: before, aftr aad] for se, jst uth, when, by. bythe |e, neve et Remember: rt r+ The past perfect or the simple past ‘an be used with before, until, or after without any difference in meaning. Peter went for coffee after he had finishedifinished his homework + The past perfect is often used only fonce in a sentence; all other verbs that follow are written in the simple past. had alread left the pary, which really enjoyed, ond I decided to call my bestfriend to tell er the gossip. ast Perfect Progressive Itis used: * for past, continuing actions that were completed before another point of time in the past. She had been washing her car for an hour before her brother arived. * for past actions of certain duration which had visible results in the past. Jeff had been painting the house for hours, so he looked exhausted, Time expressions: for, since, how long, before, until, etc The past perfect progressive is the past equivalent of the present perfect Drogressive. He was exhausted because he hhad been studying all day fong. He is exhausted today because he has been studying al daylong. Tr) Rescued EE Aj Match the events and put the verbs in bold In the correct tense, Mr. Phillips had already left (already/leave) the office [21a] naa ust savea Gustisave) all my work [31] she tite (faint) [215] win 6 months, he nad soart (spend) all the money [EID] By the time we got (get) home [SI=] The thieves had areacy goten away (alreadyiget away) because she hadn't eaten (not/eat) anything all day, the children nad falfon (fall) asleep. by the time the poiice arrived (arrive). when the computer crashed (erash). he had inhorted (inher) from his uncle. ‘when his wite came (come) by to see him, 55 Choose the correct answer. 1. fas raining nn Hat the ofc. a vhie ® when © for @ since 2 Lucy had been studying... hours and had a headache. a since unll € before — @) for 3 Von fOrtWo weeks when my sister joined me. a waveled © have traveled B) hadbeen traveling —d_was traveling 4 ChaSS cana hon the fe alarm went of @ is starting © have started bb has started @ had stared 5 My sister had already bought the tickets... gotto the theater. a while bas © bythe time d the moment that 6 Grog was soting the table... Georgia was cooking dinner, while b since =e when til 7 She «for over an hour when he showed up, @ trad been waiting © has waited waited 4 was waiting 8 Have you fished une? That was quick! a yt @ already © for just 9m 124. an FOr fo hours! a had studied © study b amstudying @ nave been studying 10 She passed by the library a always b thismoment © yet vestorday 11 My brother had been helping me study nnn. got a tutor @ botore b ater ¢ while since 12 Sho had... finished her Book report when the phone rang. a stil Bago © yet = @ just 48. My roommate ju.nn. the entire house by the time | woke up. had been cleaning (©) had cleaned has cleaned has been cleaning 14 My mother worked from home su: We Ware young @ just —b before (©) when = d.alnays 8 had he been out of work before you hired him? 2 When b Howmuch (6) Howlong How long ago FPLC nn OF tO MOUFS, 80 he looked worn out a is exercising ¢ has exercised (B) had been exercising had exercised 72a Le es ied ery ad + The simple past is used for actions which happened immediately one after the ‘other in the past. When her husband ‘camehome they had dinner. (Her husband ‘ame home and then they had dinner together) + The past progressive is used for @ past ‘action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. When her husband camehorme she was hhaving dinner (She was still having dinner when her husband came home) + The past perfect is used for an action ‘which happened before another past action ora specific time in the past. She had had dinner bythetime her husband came home. (She had dinner first, Her husband ‘came home afterwards.) l Coens 18 * Would can be used to describe past habitual actions, especialy ceminiscences, ‘but would is not used for past states. Every morning, we would have breakfast at the café overiookng the river + Used to can be used instead of the simple past to talk about past habits or states. He used tive in Canada. He lived in Canada. (NOT: He weukdsive in Canada.) + Stative verbs are not used with would. They used to lve in a cottage. (NOT: would ve) ‘+ Be used to + noun/pronoun/-ing form: bbe accustomed to, be in the habit of - He {sused to walking everywhere. He rarely uses the subway. + Get used to + noun/pronoun/-ing for become accustomed to — My brother is getting used to commuting back and forth to work. G Choose the correct answer. 11 "Do you remember Tim?" "YE, he my coach.” @ wasused b gotused ©) usedtobe d would use 2 “Ihave never usod a computer before,” “YOU wil $007 a tO it _ @ beused bused —¢ getting used @) get used 3 "How do you lke living on your own?” “HES fine now 10 being by mye” a getused © was getting used b used @ am getting used 4 "Why are you in such a hurry to leave?” “Because |... 0 staying up 60 late on a schoo! night." @ amnotused b used ¢ getused d used tobe 5. "Were you an active child?” 05,1 nu alays play baseball inthe park with my tends would bused © gotused —d._wasrit used 6 "How do you know Alex?” 1 tO ate my sister.” @ wouls b isused © wasntused @) used 7 Underline the correct tense. 1 I sawhhave seen your brother yesterday, 2 Craig was riding/rode his bike when he witnessed the car crash 3. She had been meaning/meant to cal them all day, but she didn't find the time unt an hour ago. 4 My dad taught/was teaching me to ride a bike when | was three. 5 She was tinishing/had finished the book by the time I came home, 6 Brian waited/was waiting for the bus when Emily offered him acide, 8 Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verb in parentheses. 1A: Who was winning (win) when you iet (leave)? B: Alan's team was (be) ahead by 6 points. 2 A: We have traveled (travel) to France several times over the past few years, B: Really? | nave never been (ne France is beautiful Did you se¢ (you/see) Sam at the party yesterday? Yes! | nant seen (not/see) him since he moved away two years ago. What were you doing while Sally was playing (play) tennis? |as reading (read) in the lving room, How long have you been (you/be) a football coach? Wel, | ave been coaching (coach) football for fiteen years now. be) there, but 've heard (heat) oe wear Q Inteams, continue the story Using a variety of past tenses: twas raining heavily as Phil rant to the bus stop. (See Answer SectionExam Prac You ____ have seen Jane atthe grocery store! She's in Canada visting a willie reserve! @. shouldnt b. must ©. neodn't @ coulan't Greg draws as__as she does a. good . best c. better © wel wish you __us more often. {@) would visit . wore visting ©. have been visting © visit “ould you tke to jin Nature Serve?" He asked me ___to oin Nature Serve a. when do want (©) whether wantes @. | wanted 4. that | want tteveryone did their part the Earth __a cleaner place. b. must be . willbe @ would be 1 suggest ut information booklets at the entrance, @ tohand b. that we will hand ©) handing di usto hand in magic? a. Are you believing © Doyoueieve ©. Have you believed 4. Would you believe t'm not sure, but | think that restaurant by Mrs. Davenport. @ is owned ». is belonged © owns d. belongs —— the truth | can't understand why he left town! @ Totell you B. Having told you ©. Telling you 4. To be teling you * e Grammar 2c 10. Loriwas wonderful to babysit. 'venever known a___ child! a, quiet b. quietly ©. quietest @ queter 11, ts about time you how to swim, a. learn . should learn ©) learned d. has learned 12, I don’thave to go tothe dentist, a. havel ® dol ©. doatt! 4. haven't 13. | can't believe i's raining againt It's dreadful say! aso b. very ©. 00 @ sucha 14, Henry ___very sick looking as if © looks looks as 4. looking 18, The old chair to an antique collector yesterday afternoon, a. was selling had sold © was sold di sold 16 the invention of emai, many people stil prefer ‘ring ltrs. @ Despite ©. Even though ©. inspite 4. Atnough 17. Claire isnt used to chores around the house. 2. having done b. do have done 1) having to do 12, 0ié you heer about Sam? He had his house ino last right a. break © broken broke dt. breaking 19‘2 Eur rage |: you wil bo asked some general personal questions on a variety of topics, auch as echool amy, an general interests, This stage is a warm-up activity and is not rated, soon Stage 1's notated, tis an opportuni forthe examiner to got an idea of you language love. Practice answers avo gare eetOns about yourself, but do not memorze the answers or popare a short speech becauee you aut have a natural conversational tone, andthe examiner will usualy be able fo recogni tie. tenia, abe8 regarding general personal information can be brought up in Stage 1. Here is a ist of possible topics and questions: Edveat What are your favorite subjects? Where do you go to school? Bo you pian on | eaten Continuing your studies? | | Employment Describe your job. What type of job are you looking for? | + nome What does yourname mean? Whats orig? Who/What are you names! after? | | 2 of residence ‘you like about your town/city? What do you dislike about it? | | | What languages do you speak? Why are you Interested in learning English? What | | enguages |_ 15 your view on teatning different tanguages? |» vacations Describe a recent vacation. Do you have any plans for future vacations? where | r ‘WOuld you like to go on vacation? What do you do in your fe time 1ave ony hobbi JOU do for | j Y Frootme at do you do in your free tine? Do you have any hobbies? What do you do fo | fun? | etetaone ee eccmars do one wet |» som What sports do you play? How often? What is your favorite sport? Which athletes do you admire? | ) Read the following Sentences. "Ym Brenda. My name is Scandinavian, and it means 4) sire, im student at2) Jorn sity. Hein Cleveland, a8) city in 4) cortveastom Ohio. | ¢an speak English 8) weil '¢ love to learn * am Brenda * Jama student. * Live in Clevelana, 8) alan, too. | realy enjoy 7) learning languages, My favorite Ohio. | * tean speak {helling. | don't have a lot of 10) "20 sine, but when | can, | tke | English going to the 41) movies with my 12) nonce. We usualy go every | ‘* My favorite hobby is 18) second Saturday. basketball { i ! t hobby is basketbal. | play 8) 2000 Tour times a 8) ook. Ws 4 1 ' ' * ike going to the movies 4 Ree ee eee ee eee ee ) @ Now listen and complete the Work in pis. Talk about yourself to your partner. Use Brenda's blanks. How has Brenda expanded description in Ex, 1b as a model. on the statements in Ex. 1a? Ss mn ances) 20SS eumarCM eeu) Ee ‘Read the information carefully to understand the situation. Liston to the examiner's answors carefully. These will help you form your opinion, Use appropriate linkers to express your opinion. Make sure you justify your choice and also explain why the second option is not appropriate. Ad the other is the examiner. Read the information below. Then, use the ‘Work in pairs. One is the examin Ianguage boxes to do the task. CHOOSING AN OPTION EXAMINEE INFORMATION _— Dare cea ar reece ag | after-school activity. | have two activities in mind, but | rote. Co es a : ieee > hetae Re aberapes of ech oten? + hearin deatamape estos? Then When you got all the information you need, use it to give examiner some advice to help himher make a decision. You can choose from one of the options or provide a new one. Remember to use information you learn from asking questions to explain your final choice. Finally Ater you have shared your decision, the examiner wil ask ain you more questions about the topic. EXAMINER'S NOTES (See Speaking Appendix 20) Points to consider Expressing Opinions ‘© allows you to be physical active ‘© gives you the opportunity | | * 1 think! believe | © invovves teamwork and g | toberighty creative # In my opinion, .. because 3 sportsmanship é * allows you to work © Asi see it, 8 | © may have to play during bad Z independently © ..is the perfect solution for... because. @ | weather & | © can be expensive ‘© don't think you should... because © can result in physical injury © requires patience ‘© Its not a good idea to 5 I" pars, discuss the following ston tothe examinee doing Aietacnon pubstions the task in Ex 3. Find out tho reason wy the examinee choc one option and relecd the oer Ha choos ences Model Interview 1. What types of after-school activities do you enjoy? 2. Why do people play sports? Why do people lke art? 3 Do you think is important for students to be involved in alter: school activites? Should after-school activities be only about having fun? What can students leam through after-school activities?Lead-in * Have you ever been to an amusement park? What was it ike? ‘+ What do you and your friends do for tun? Tell the lass * Describe a fun outing you've had with your friends recently RT ty 2 ENG) recruiting lively Entertainers for the upcoming summer. Positions avalable at a number of theme parks. If you're enthusiastic, energetic, trendy, know how to entertain and work won team, this ob could be for you, Have fun onthe job pretending to be one of our many imaginary characters or play te role of a factual person in our historical re-enactments. No experience necessary but crams or porformance arts students are encouraged to apa. Ful acing wil be provided. Werk parttime or lime ad am a comptive Slay Contact reeruting@mactariey.com!? ‘Dear Sit/Madam: am writing to express my disappointment with the poor service I received when I visited your fun park on, June 27 and 28, ‘To begin with, upon arrival [spent over an hour trying to find a parking space in your parking lot I eventually hhad to leave the car on the side of the road. Then, the receptionist at the main park hotel informed me that, there were no rooms available even though my wife hhad booked one for us weeks in advance. In the end, the entire family had to spend the weekend in one small room with three beds, Secondly, your park is seriously overcrowded and littered. We often had to waitin lies for over an hour for rides and we were denied access on three occasions for reasons I don't understand, What's more, we paid for a family ticket but were asked to pay additional fees several times, am very disappointed and would strongly advise you to clean up your ac." [hope to hear from you as soon as possible regarding my complaint. Of course, Texpect some sort of a refund,” Sincerely, Charles Dewesbery EERIE 3a [avingkton Go through the text to get a general ides of what itis ‘about. Then answer the questions, Pay attention to detail and don’t make assumptions. Double check your answers against the text and make sure they are based only on what the text states, € The theme park industry isa huge source of employment | for students? and notably for those studying drama or performance arts. Thousands of students work in theme parks every summer. The work is exciting, you get experience « which wil help you find future employment - and best ofall, you can make enough money to help pay foc college. The most common performer at theme parks i the “roving entertainer A free-floating entertainer who roams the park smiling and acting funny In order to create 4 fun atmosphere and to entertain patrons. Some parks even hire performers just to entertain visitors waiting in | lines fr rides, which results in there being a big market for art and drama students. itis a great way to get experience, eam money, meet people, and have fun. So how can you get work 2s a performer ata theme park? All theme parks | have casting agents who recruit either on college campuses! or at jb fairs Summer Party at Magic Fun Park |All staff and students are invited” to this year's Summer Party at Magic Fun Park on Saturday, July 22. This year has been a good one and so we thought we would do something very special to thank our staf and students for their support by celebrating summer in siyle, For the first time since our small school opened five years ago, we're taking our party outside of our beautiful building Upon arrival at the park, all participants will be given a pass that allows them free access to all ofthe rides with the exception of the Space Walk and the Mega Magic. We will have @ late picnic iunchiparty at 4 p.m. before returning home, Don't forget to bring along: your school ID cards ‘enough cash’ for any food or beverages before lunch oo41 Read the texts A-D and answer the questions 1-10. Question 1 refers to section A. 11 Who should apply forthe job? ‘a people who work well on their own )) people with an interest in performance arts ‘© people with expertence operating theme park rides d_ people who are hardworking and serious Questions 2-3 refer to section B. 2 What does the writer hope for? a anapology tobe invited back for ree =) to get some money back ajob 3. What does the phrase clean up your act mean? a to keep the park clean 1b) to make major improvements to improve the behavior of the staff to realy appropriately to the letter Questions 4-5 refer to section C. 4. What is the main purpose of section C? (global guestion) a to advertise an acting job to provide information about the job market to provide employment information about an industry to inform people about theme parks 5 According tothe write, what isthe main benefit of working at a theme park? a I's @ pleasant working environment. You gain valuable experience & You meet people. @ You can earn a lt of money. Questions 6-8 refer to section D. {6 What's te main purpose o section 0? @) to provide information about a celebration to explain the purpose of a celebration © to announce a change of plans @ to request students’ ideas about the celebration 7 What's special about the party? Special quests willbe there bb There are new rides this year. It's the fst time they're having a party. @ I's the first time i's not held in the school 8 What must people take with them tothe party? @ money b apass ¢ drinks 4 lunch Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C, and D. 9. Which sections include information for students? a AB,andC ©) A.C, and D b B,C,andD @ A,B,andD 10 Apart from using the email address in section A, Where can someone find information about Working at a theme park? @ onthe radio innewspapers b on at college En Vocabulary Entertainment 1 Fillin: advance i resut / access / exception / 1 additional / entre ‘The sides and attractions at the amusement park are fun for the enti family Reserve your tickets at least three days in advance. ‘Season passes are valid forall rides with the ‘exception of the Skycoaster. Mary wasn't tall onough, so she was refused accoss to the ride Viovating park rules will rasut in immediate removal from the park. Guests are allowed to park in reserved lots for a(n) ‘addtional fe. 7. Undertne the correct word. 1 3 4 | was very angry with her and her pathetic/moving/ impressive/emotional excuses! The book contained many Imaginaryftititious/ factual/unreal errors. ‘My brother and like to pretend/play/disguise/take that we are secret agents fighting against cme. ‘What smells do you combine/unite/mix/associate with a walk in the forest? 3, Complete the exchanges withthe idioms below. Pl 1 ut on an act / be a tough act to follow lean up your act / catch her in the act ‘A: My grades have realy sipped this semester. B: You'd better clean un your a ‘A: Should | tell Mary she's making a mistake? B: Yes, just tell her, Don't put on an act 3. A: Mycousin has been stealing money rom my purse! dj Check the appropri chess { fencing} B: Did you catch her in the act? ‘A: Her older sister graduated top of her class. B: Yes, she will be 2 fough act to follow, te box(es). Choose five sentences using them. karate ieeging %ennis skoteboarding peaking & Writing = ‘Does the entertainment industry have a | negative or postive etfet on teenagers? Give a two-minute tak tothe class ‘What types of entertainment do you enjoy? | Spend bree minuas wing about toe. | c0 Answer Section) } 93 “ogee ses roei 3 | Ee an ae used: for decisions made at the moment of speaking (on-the-spot decisions). /m ‘hist. drink some water for predictions, hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, requests (usually with the verbs: hope, think, believe, expect, imagine, ec. with the expressions: I'm sure, I'm afraid, etc. with the edverbs: probably, perhaps, etc). believe wel havea good time. She'l probably take another iteratue course. for actions which cannot be controlled ‘and will inevitably happen. Winter willbe here soon, for actions which may (not) happen in the future, Well travel around the world some day. Time expressions: tomorrow, the day | after tomorrow, next week/monthiyear, | tonight, soon, in a week/month/year, in [tworthre days, etc | * Shall is used instead of will with 1 and we to express a suggestion or an offer. Shall | pick you up at 10:00? (NOT: Wit pick you up at 10-007) * Will is also used to express a situation we are confident or certain about in the present or the past ‘Someone’ at the door” "Yes, that'll be ‘ny friend Sue.” simple future) is four o'clock She‘ have left the office by nov, (future perfect) |__ urea tis used: * for plans, intentions, or ambitions about the future. She is going to take piano Iessons inthe al * for actions we have already decided to do in the near future. sm going to jog tonight. ‘+ for confident predictions based on what We can see or what we know. Look at those black clouds tis going to rain, Time expressions: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/month/year, tonight, soon, in a week/month/year, in [tworthree days, etc. Complete the sentences with willbe going to and the verb in parentheses, 1A: i's really hot in hero. You're right. open (open) the window. Aren't you finished with your report yet? No, but 'm sure 1 finish (finish) it soon, Look at those dark clouds! It looks tke it’s going to rain (rain). Mom, wil Of course. help (yourhelp) me with my homework? Do you want to come to the movies with us tonight? | can't im going to see (see) a play with my sister, @> OF oe o> we Undertine the correct word(s). 1 Will/Shail | call you later tonight? 2 Alice is going to/will take hor driver's test in two days 3. The phone's ringing. | am going toywill answer it 4 Mom is going to/will take a painting class next month, 5 Tm hungry. think | am going to/will make a sandwich, & The weather is getting warmer. It is going to/will be spring soon, 7 Don't worry about the shopping bags. | will/am going to get them for you, 8 He willis going to study law at Harvard 8 Shall/Will we go now? I'm tired, 10 I'm sure you willare going to do well on your math test 3 Choose the correct answer. 1. "Why do you need ail that flour?” 4 Tom's birthday cake.” a will make (am going to make © will have made make 2 “I .don't know how to use this MP3 player." Loses YOU IF YOU ik” @) will show © am going to show b show d_ willbe showing 9 Sn take you to the aitport tomorrow?" “That would be great! Thanks.” a Wil b Do © Shall = Am 4 "Oh, not | forgot my cell phone at home" "Don't worry. you mine.” 2am going to lend © lend b amending @) will end 5 “is that an engagement ring?” “Yes! Steve and married next month.” will get © ae ® are going to get wil have gotten “What are you going to do this weekend” “think 1 home and relax." @ am going to stay b stay ©) wil stay 4 won't be stayingTe simple present is used for future actions when we refer to schedules, programs, etc. The move bginsin an houe The present progressive is used for actions we have decided or aranged to do in the near future. We're fying to \ tac tomorrow evening eis used: «for actions which wil be in progress at a stated future time. She willbe washing her carthisafernoon. + for actions which will definitly happen in the future as a resut of a routine or arrangement. We will be watching o DVD with our eends tonight. + for asking politely about someone's plans forthe near future in order to see if our wishes fit with ther plans. “Wilyou be passing by the bakery "es why?" “Can you pick up some rsh bread?” for habits and repeated actions at some future point. in the future, well all be Atrving bydroger-fuled cars Tine expressions tis aericoneening | tonight nan hour, on Monday morning, It i used for actions that will be finished before a stated future time. She will have Washed her car by the time he arzves. ime expressions: before, by, by then, by |the time, ete Remember!) | UntiVTIN are used with the future Perfect only in negative sentences. Bob ‘will have completed his degree by the end of this Semester (NOT: svat) They will not have finished until midnight = ieee 'tis used to emphasize the duration of an {ction that wil occur before a specific future ime. By the time her brother arrives, she will 'aVe been washing her car for over an hou xpressio for * TPC cn Em 4 Complate the sentences withthe correct future tanso of the verb In parentheses. 1. A: | think Il give Loria call this afternoon and see how she's doing. B: | don't think that's @ good idea, She willbe sleeping (sleep). 2 A: ‘it you be using (you/use) the car tonight? | have to take the kids to soccer practice B: Well, actually, | have a business meeting tonight. Sorry. 3. A: How long has Mrs. Aniston been teaching English? B: Well, by the end ofthe year, she wi! nave been teaching (teach) for fiteen years. 4 A: Um realy ted B: Yeah, me too. Do you think we wil have delivered (deliver) all these newspapers by 8 o'clock? 5 A; Hurry up! Well be late! Don't worry. The train leaves (I 15, Undertine the correct word(s). 1. Lam takingitake Andrea to the dentist on Friday. 2. This time next week, we will ly/will be flying to Australia 3. Angela prepares/will have prepared dinner by the time her quests artve. 4 I'm not sure how long the seminar willbe, but he will have been coming/will have come home by 8 o'clock In Soptember ho will have been workingiis working here for five yoars. 6 She won't have been leavingiwon't have left until late at night, 7 think he willbe looking/will have looked for 2 new job soon. 8 Do you gorWill you be going downtown? Can you go to the bank tor me, please? 9 Sarah and | study/will be studying tonight. 10. I'm meeting/meet my friends this weekend, 6 Choose the correct answer. 1 Sue tothe supermarket today? We've run out of milk “Don't worry. I'l get some." a. Willyou have gone B} Will you be going © Will you have been going 4 Doyou go 2. “When is Don moving to Canada?” “Well, he said he by Christmas.” a moves © will have been moving willbe moving @ will have moved 3. “Well miss our fight unless we leave now." “I wouldn't worry. Our fight in four hours. leaves © isleaving will have left will have been leaving 4 I can’t believe we cleaned the whole house! Mom... a is surprising ©) willbe surprised b_ has been surprised dis suprised 5. “Has Annabel graduated trom college yet? ‘No, not yet, But she her degree by the end of the year.” a. is completing © completes will have completed d_ will have been completing‘Ea Gramma Um cary f Time Words Not Followed by Wil Loe 1 The simple future is not used after time Words (while, before, until, as soon as, by the time, whenever, once, after, and When) and after unless, in case, as long as, and if, The simple present is used instead. Please wait until! finish. (NOT: until wat fisish) However, when used as a question word, and if (meaning whether) following "don’t know, t doubt, ! wonder, etc. can be used with the simple future. When will he send the package? tm not sure when Jone will arrive. don't know it he'l keep his promise. [Other Ways of Expressing the Future} We can also express the future with: * be to + infinitive (formal English). The guest speaker is to arrive early tomorrow ‘morning, be about to + infinitive (to refer to the ‘near future). The movies about to end. * be on the verge of + -ing form (to refer to the near future) This science cass isso hard 'm on the verge of dropping out * be due to + infinitive (schedules). the Package 1 sent is due to arrive at 9:00 fomerrow morning * verbs such as decide, plan, intend, ‘arrange, mean + to-infnitive (for plans and intentions). We intend to buy anew car * be sure to/be certain to/be bound to + bare infinitive (to express certainty about the future). Mikes sure/certain/ ound to forget his girthiend’s birthday. A We use the following patterns to talk about things we intended to do or plans we had | for the future, j * was going to/was about to + bare | infinitive - eg was going to/was about to sk Sally o holo her but then Sally left. (50 Meg didn’t ask) * was to/was due to + infinitive — Daisy was to/vas due to extend her vacation, but has decided to return on time, * was on the verge of + -ing form ~ He Was on the verge of retiring when he was offered a great promotion, (So he didn't i retire). 26 7 Underline the correct word(s). 1 |won't be abie to leave unti | wil flnishifinish my report. 2 The Queen of Spain isto vsitsure visit the president next week, 3 Thank goodness you're here! | was about ta eall/calling you! | wonder if she talks/wil talk to me again. Remember to call me as soon as you will arrive/arrive. vane is throwing a party before she will go/goes on vacation you will see/see John, tll him to call me, Look: The train will eave/is about to leave! You can borrow my car as long as you will be/are careful | think you should take an umbrella in case it ralns/wil rain, 11. The Smiths intend to buy/will buy a new house. 12 We plan to spendidue to spend five days in ttaly G Choose the correct answer. 1) “Are you planning to read any books this weekend? “Sure, | Wuthering Heights.” will have read © willread bam going to be reading @ am going to read 2 coun tho BUS OF the Car today? “The bus." @ Will you have taken Wil you have been taking © Wit you be taking Will you have taking 3° “They have been practicing all day." "I know. By 2 o'clock they for § hours!" 2 willbe practicing ©) willnave been practicing are going to practice will practice 4 “Alice just lett to see that new movie again ‘What? After tonight, she it four timest” 2 will be seeing © wil see b will have been seeing @ will have seen 5. “Are you going out tonight?” No, | think 1 Inand go to sleep early.” 2 willbe staying © will have stayed ® willstay wilt stay Q Fillin the blanks with the correct present, past, or future verb tens TE. From: Helan Subjoct: Movies Sony | 1) haven't cated (notcal) these last fow days, but | 2) nave ‘been studying (study) all week for my finals and | 3) ve just fished) (usttinish) my last one tis afternoon. 14) hope (hope) | cid wel What have you been up to? §) ve we stil going (wetatl/go) tothe ‘movios this Friday? if so, what movie would you ka to so0? 16) "; thinking (think) about the new Maan Scorsese movie that 7)'s corny (come) out tomorrow. Let me know if you agree. We can meetin ont Of he movie theater at 8 pm. 8) pian (plan) to anv eary, so by the time you come, 18) wi have already Gough (areadybuy) the tekets. By the way, James 10) vil probably jon (robablyolny te ie dinner ater the movie, SS se se _you know where Pete is? el, he lft is house an hour ago, so | suppose he at the airport by now.” ‘will arrive b. is ariving © will have arved <4. will be arriving 2. “Did | pass the history test, Mrs. Andrews?” Shope that ». Imattaid so ¢. Ihope not © tm atraid not 3, Not even once sho was guity of stealing the money. Git wa thinking €. I thought &. Vn think that im realy sory | upset you. “Wel, fs or that now. Fm leaving a. much ver late (©) much oo lte ©. late enough @. 50 much ato 5. Mrs. Jenkins is believed __one ofthe most scentric women in town. @ tove ©. #9 having been that se had been 4. tobeing © Welast saw Timothy @ joaging ®. to jogging to leg 4, tohave been 7. twoule rather watch eleven ___ tonight. a. than going out b, Instead of going out than go out &. to goout 8 “Would tbe al sight i my brother came to te party, to0? “Or course! I don't mind a, heis coming (b) if he comes ©. he comes 4. him to come 8. Ihope you remembered ____the eter: maling mailed mai to mall In the park. tall” @ece » 10 13 14, 16 16 17. 18 “I don’t want to go to Dr. Simpson!™ “Well, you'e going __want to or not.” ‘a. when you however you ©. but you @ whether you ‘Thanks for caling! | look forward a. see B) to seeing ©. tosee 4. seeing [Andrea and Nicholes for two years, and now they're planning their wedding a. are engaged b. were engaged © have been engaged d. engaged . ‘make some hot chocolate?” “That would be great. Thank you very much." (@) Shall! b. Do! have to ©. May! 4. Need! “I want to go home! This play is awful!” “You're right. We 7 @) might 23 well eave . might leave . might have let 4. must have let You should take an umbrolia with you a. unless ©) in case ©. sothat 4. orelse “Do you want me to wash the dishes “Actually, 6 rather you ____ that later." a) id B. do c. had done d. will do “Would you like some more lasagna” “No, thanks, I'vehad___, actualy" a none b. some c. much @ enough | need to get some orange juice, but ! doubt of the grocery stores are open now. a. few ® ary 4. one you soon, Itrains, 27‘EF Sete late Me recs ¢ \ | Read each sentence and then the options, and decide which one best fs the meaning ofthe sentence. Read the competed sentence to make sure it makes sense. 1. Children under 9 must be by an aduit 11. Mike's house was ____last right. Someone sorayed a. collected paint on his font door (©) accompanied a. cheated c. folowed b, robbed 4. connected ) vandalized 2. Handing loss with grace and dignity is an)___test 4. burglarized of eharactr. 12. A ship's capiain is to know the weather a. right Conditions for sea travel ». factual > required ©) tue b. requested I d. exact c. reminded 3. Motorists are advised to exercise___when traveling 4. recalled in icy conditions. | 18. The horse took off as Pam was about to it a. alarm "mount &. warming ©. lim ©. alerness | ©. jump @) caution 4. raise 4. You must complete your joumey wlthin the 14, ‘The rides at that amusement park always __me. | time stated onthe bus transfer | a. discourage a. confined | ) dsappoint ) alloted . disapprove ©. fumished 4. disregard 4. budgeted 18. The.coach carefuly al the potential team members. 5. The policeman stepped in to traf a. practiced a. defend , competod ) direct €. guarded ; ©. govern @ screened 4 4. usher | 16. Knowing how to fly an airplane in bad weather is a 6. Steveand Louis were__in a serious game of chess. necessary for piors @) engaged @. training 1 ». installed | B) ska ¢ located ©. trade | 4. forced 4. practice i 7. You must follow proper precautions to avoid 17. Do you know how to grams into pounds? a. securty > convert b. defense ©. exchange © salety 4. switen 4. danger 18. The cost of medicine is rising at a(n) rato 8. The___ofthe damage tothe move sets is unknown, a. nenous: &_ development b. stressed ®) exent © alarming . strength 4. anxious 4. infuence | 19. Oscar. a heart attack last week, 9. The boxer was ___his opponent with rude comments @ aifferes a. injurng | ». tolerated ‘by provoking c. struggled c. striking d. endured d. defending: 20. The building is easily to people with disabilities, 410, The team incurred a forthe foul ‘a. obtainable a loss b. available | . punishment @) covessibie ae reachable © penalyat 2. 24 25, 26 28, 30, Jason's new storeo didnt work propery, so he took it ‘back tothe store fr a full a. repair ©) refund ©. replacement 4. return Hawai has over 8,000 types of plants that are to the region a. inbon i. natural ¢.inhertted ) native Traveling to foreign counties is a great way to the mind, @. enlarge b. increase ©. widen @) broaden ‘The cottage is located near the of te Chippewa ver @ banks b. shores &. coast 4. sides Tho best place to view gorilas isn their natural a. terttory b. residence © habitat 4. locale ‘The road into the wildlife preserve was bya fallon tre. a. hindered b. comered ¢. trapped @ dlocked Certain gas emissions negatively affect the ozone __ a. deposit b. sheet © layer a. fim Employees must have thelr work badge displayed upon permission b. access . admission © entry ‘The project reached a phase in its timeline, a. scientific ® cttcal ©. logical primitive ‘The company its latest aptop computer model at the convention a. unearthed '. uncovered ‘c. unwrapped @) unveiled Underline the correct particle. Check in Vocabulary ‘Appendix 1. Make sentences with the phrasal verbs you didn’t use. 1. Do you know when this TV show willbe effforlout) over? 2 Its unfortunate that Siva broke down/offintofout her relationship wth Lance. 3. Photo albums alvays bring forward/up/back/out great memories forme, 4 The woman ced Gutinionior to te fremen below. 5 You're welcome to come eff/overiacross/into any time you te. oe Susan forgot to pay her phone bil, and her phone was cut into/out/backioft, 2. Fillin: to /wth Yor (on at of. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 2. 1. Paper products account for 20% of commercial wast, 2 Mybrother is quite good at doing crossword puzzies. 3. The game consists o* wooden balls, mallets, and wire hoops stuck in the ground, 4 Did the storm cause any damage ‘0 the stadium? 5 The soccer player collided wit the referee and knocked him down, 6 Don't waste time worrying about it. Concentrate 2° finishing the work. 3, Choose the correct tom. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 3. 1 Airplanes are ...... far the fastest means of transportation known to man. ator B by © from dt 2... any rate, rather jog in the morning, ain b oF © On @at 3. I'd stay here and chat, but I'm... a hurry aonb at © with = @ in 4 Instead of our normal bike ride, let's HKE aon @ change. ain b to © by for 5 The concert starts in ten minutes iti’... schedule ion before eff with 6 Can you adjust this fons? | believe its... focus ain (B) outof © under od for 7 We cannot enter. fs... limits, aon —b under ¢ behind <@ off 8 Keeping tigers as pets should be... the law. (a) against b before © under d by IE mrePlan Alette/An essay making suggestions or solving a problem {8 a formal piece of wing in which you offer solutions to a Problem and explain the resuits that would follow. iis important that each body paragraph begin with a topic ‘Sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph, followed by supporting detals. Stidy the plan below. * statement of problem * reason for writing (letter) or statement that indicates assay wil offer suggestions (essay) Para2 * suggestion 1 & supporting details © expected result Para3 * suggestion 2 & supporing details expected result i 4 © summarize suggestions restate the positive effect that the ‘suggestions will have on the problem 41 2) Work in pairs. Read the excerpt from a ewspaper article and the task which follows. Answer the questions. 1 Who wiliread your essay? Parents wi oad the essay 2 Do you think children watch TV shows that contain inappropriate content? Yas, bolieve chilar=n watch 90 many inappropriate shows. ‘3. What sorts of solutions can you think of? joel arsnts should watch TV wth their chilaren, At Children and television There is concern about the television programs children are watching these days, Studies show that many TV programs contain unsuitable content. Child psychologists are urging parents to pay close attention to the types of programs their children are watching, 30 Formal Essays/Letters (making suggestions/solving a problem) Essay Many parents are concemed about what their children watch on television but do not know what to do about it. How can parents make sure their children are watching ‘acceptable programs? Write an essay making suggestions 8 to how parents can do this. Include examples. b) Read the model essay. Are any of your ‘Suggestions in Ex. 1a mentioned in it? There & concern regarding children and their television viewing choices. Clearly, there are some simple measures parents can take to help children choose television programs that are suitable for their age First, parents should take the time to watch television with their children and discuss the Content of the programs they lke watching, For example, parents can explain their feelings and Boint out the things they object to. This would alo Give parents the opportunity to listen to their children express their opinions. Consequenth, chien will gradually be able to develop their own Understanding of which programs are acceptable ‘to watch and which are not Furthermore, parents should take the time to read the TV guide together with their chidren, Parents can discuss which shows fisted send Positive messages and point out which ones do ot. In addition, they can teach children to determine ifa show is age-appropriate and explain ‘why. Asa result, parents wil be able to build trust with their children and their decisions regarding wiich programs to watch Allin al, a5 parents cannot always be present, taking the time to discuss programs and study the Contents of the TV guide beforehand can bring Positive results. Soon enough, children will become responsible television viewers, 2. 9) Read the model essay again. in pairs, answer ‘he following questions, (See Answer Section) 1 What are the two suggestions the writer makes? 2 Is each suggestion supported with details? it so, What are they? Is aresult ofered for each suggestion that is offered? What are the results? ) What is each paragraph about? acceptable ching children to be responsible viewers- Se . Oo {ead the moda iter and answer Linking Words/Phrases the questions, sun Sc || king wortptase, or “nkosi a word or set of words that can act a com | | dea bridge between ideas Linkers help make a piece of wring fow and Droww: UNCEF Ambasado, tie ako krown a "vansions”" Grammatcaly. te ler fs nat Gr pea) meen oe often 30 pecesea } ce, he sertenos can sand al @ pire) neceonry fo he suc oftho serene ° concerned about ther own Tuer emi vie scone 4 emclas see ater that hey forget about eee others sufeing around the werd NOTE: Linkers are used in aploco of wring to ge it structure and o That s why Foul He to reauest help the reader follow the ideas. However, Incorrect usage of linkers that you come to my schoo! to Can caus contusion Likewise, overuse of kere gets in ho way oth |. encourage students to become {des and can make a pece of wing sound repedtve, | ioedin the effr toe chicten GERI in need around the word (Fist_of all) you could tell the Trrode Tope a 85 of al) Seiaaty idan ‘evidenty, clearly, obviously, certainly, students at my school about the ‘ss 19 bY 0 by and large, in general, generally general statement I genera, chien in Afi and other aces who Tnroduce pants (ig UP] 1 He Tt HACE MT OTA, Towa ae stanng, Blin to tem how anew dear state rt | wit, to bepin wi fr one ting ts, poverty and drought in developing poltotaman ea) | ati taws oten lend to matte, tuthermor,nadaton what mor, fs 4 real) tose Istenng wil be ais, morecver,sdaionay, ewe, ised to donate mone to UNCE ac pont (tate second, points at second | fy anator ting so thatthe tation can provide same main idea) second, secondly, second ofall food for these children. iraty yt st. ot et Tee os i {for final point only) pictures of the people you have TaTOEOEE BURPOAITE | osama evnamncn wor woe aided and the places you have detal (xian ort) sted, Tel them stoi about the Inet result (1 Trek consoqvert,tareoe, chien you have tet and the Soman appes |Secongy mtn adventures you nave had while Ta ara AT CORES Sa "avin the world oar students conclude (end pie of | Conctd anal a tings cnaiered, will see how caring about others can i inthe end, taking everything into account be rewarding and enriching, A condi) | would be so anprecatve you came tony shoo 3 a) Read the theory, then read the model on p. 30 again and ‘to give a presentation on the work of Underie the linkers used. What seach nke's function? } UNCER T know that tt would ase Replace them with other synonymous ones. oe : awareness among the students and cause them to act on behalf of the Use a linker to rewrite the following sentences. ‘uggling youth around the world. {See Answer Sacticn) Sincerely 1 There has been a rise in the number of foreign fms in the past few Julette Hobbs years. (Introduce topic) Certainly, ihero has been 2 rise in the umber of foreign films inthe past fow years, 1. Whats the problem and what linker 2 tis expensive to take pets with you when you tly (Introduce point) does the writer use to introduce it? 3. Reading to your children is an excellent way to get a head start on 2 Why isthe writer writing this letter? their education. (add point) 3. What are the two suggestions the 4 People are buying fewer and fewer CDs. (indicate result) writer makes? ‘5 An MPS playor isa wise investment. (conclude) 4 Is each suggestion supported with 6 Your relatives will understand that you have other commitments. details? If so, what are they? (indicate result) 5 Isaresuitoffered for each suggestion 7 Soccer is not as popular in the United States as it is in Europe, that is made? What are the esuits? {introduce topic) 6 What is the function of each 8 Volunteering at the homeless shelter gives you a new perspective sentence in the conclusion? on ife. (add points) 7 Circle all examples of linkers in the 9. Carpooling saves money on gas. (Introduce points) mode! letter. 3l eee[ ‘oo 32 Formal Language vs, Informal Language Informal language is used to communicate with a friend ‘and more often in conversation as opposed to writing, Formal language Is used for essays, articles, repors, and letters or emails to people you do not know personally. Formal language is characterized by: ‘© formal expressions, advanced vocabulary, longer sentences. e.g. Taking everything into ‘consideration, it can be said that hotel facilities hhave improved over the past decade, * formal linking words/phrases (ie. However, Nevertheless, In addition, Consequently, etc). e.g The fine arts building should include a theater and a movie theater. Furthermore, an exhibition hal should be provided for lectures, ‘© no use of short forms (ie. 'm, there's, .). eg. 1 would be grateful i. (instead of: 'd be grateful i.) © impersonal tone, i.e. use of the passive, no ‘description of feelings. e.g. Thousands of people were left homeless after the flood. ‘© factual presentation of the information. 0.9. The students encountered @ number of difficulties during the schoo! excursion. (instead of: The school excursion was very demanding.) Write F for formal and / for informal next to each sentence to indicate the style in which itis written. Give reasons for your answers. 1. The public bus system isthe most affordable means of transportation in the city. F actual oresentavic nger santanca - advanced voranularys Taking the bus is the best deal in town. # inion 2 I'd lke to give the principal a piece of my mind about the new “no iPods at school” rule. | (sort | would tke to speak with Principal James regarding the ban on iPods within school grounds. = 3 Mountain clmoing takes serious guts. | snvormal vo Mountain climbing is an activity that requires a great deal of stamina, concentration, and courage. © 4 Most musicians would consider it an honor to perform the opening act for a band as famous as U2. 2 abulary — longer Opening for U2 would be awesome! Introduction - Objective Statements In an objective statement, the author gives information ‘about the topic without letting the reader know hislher ‘pinion. He/She states the problem asa fact, and not as ‘a personal feoling. Examples: Objective Statement: Young athiotes know that many basketball players in the NBA do not have college agrees. NOT In my view, it sets @ bad example for ‘young athietes that many basketball players in the NBA 0 not have college degrees. Objective Statement: The subway system does not ‘meet standards of cleanliness. NOT: | feel that the ‘subway system is ality and an embarrassment tothe city. Useful Language: * Its ovidentjagreed Uunderstood/true that regarding ven the fact that * oftentimes yased on the fact that © recertly/currently king into account that _# experts say/argue that * there is concer 6 ®) Workin pales. Write a check (¢) next tothe sentence that is an objective statement. 1 [] his evr hat cate eating too mich and becoming overnight fan sue a rea coneun nine Und Sites ing op, his te fat at od chins Tfatteren nthe Unt Slo ae etn oo rsh an scorer ovo 2 (C]! nk rt vole video games encourage sogresthe behevern chen Exports ay ta vdeo ques encourage sogrestie Cehavr incisor 2 [>]Ils we tat chen of tis goeraton wach rnin fan che ole provous goomton Pale tet parents should conc the amount len ho kre ath 4 [Caren anced of ors ar vis of Oo passport theft. ome tants who alow he paspors obo Soon ae weaportbl 5 [Jinn tat gia on ashi ip i wir is oO waste of money. Bese one ct hat hae hasbeen te show he wr sks ae suo bb) Write an objective statement for each of the following. (See Answer Section; talking about a trind behind his/her back 2. disobedient pets 8. students competing with one another for good grades in school 4 careless drivers causing accidentsMain Body Paragraphs ~ Suggestions/ solutions, Supporting Details & Results When writing main body paragraphs for letters/essays_making Suggestions or providing solutions to problems, we normally use three types of statements to express our ideas: oa ee faut ‘used fo explain the uscd otra of | wae loucona cour ‘iving the reblr suggestions and thi sown te amcos consequences TTanawage | Use tanguage: | Usell Language: ouleoulmight | » fmpeatnes) | » t would flow tat pacaidty | forexampe | * indoing so {Engr t | Storinstance | © thats way CTsuggestinat” | imotnerwords | + then sone nay $ oud alow & Shoter thing to do Snot ony ut also inaddon 1 en ‘aswel as * fporatves) Take a yoga cls in your tee ime ‘ag. suggest that you | @g- Buy a Shakira | 6.9. Not only wil you listen t Spanish songs | CD and sing along | learn more Spanish this in order to improve | by reading the | way, but you will aso your Spanish, es. hhave fun doing it Wate supporting details forthe following suggestions. ‘See an, 1. Suggestion: One way to improve your English is to listen to American music. 2 Suggestion: In addition to planning Yyour vacation forthe offseason, think ‘of other ways to save money on travel. 3 Suggestion: | suggest that you ‘monitor your chiles use ofthe Internet. b) Write a result for 1-3 above. Write @ suggestion, » supporting detail, and a result for each of the tasks below. Write in complete sentences and include linkers. 11 Make suggestions to a friend on how to deal with classmates talking ‘about her behind her back. 2 Make suggestions on how to reduce competition for better grades among students, 3 Make suggestions to drivers on how to make the roads safer. 40) Reter to Writing Appendix | for correct usage of useful language. ‘Match the suggestions (1-5) with their supporting details (a-e) and their results (-v). Expand them into full paragraphs using appropriate useful language. suggestions (TBBIZ] Mate tie or your tami (2IBT} aways weer your seatbot. SHRI] suey in 45-minute paods (3 TBI) Use a calendar orca important date. FBI) One ting todo is to monitor TY time ‘Supporting details Have a snack or a drink or simply strotch your legs. Circle birthdays in red. Eat dinner together and go on outings. Limit your kids to two hours a night. Buckle it as soon as you get in the car. Results 1 Asa result, your relationships will become stronger and more supportive li Taking regular breaks prevents you from becoming ovetied. iil This would alow them to have more time for homework. |v This way, you will have a better chance of surviving an accident. In doing 0, you will be more organized and will nt get in trouble {or forgetting important dates. ‘Then clrole the correct item. 1. This agreed that ss. an issue for ‘women who travel alone at night a riding the subway b people think © subway safety is all subways threaten 2. There's concem regarding athe museum last money price museum tickets © to donate to the museum museum funding 3. Oftentimes, 8 people wanting to retire bb the standard age for retirement Inthe US. is 65. © people save money for retirement d_ how many people save enough for retement 4 Experts say the therapy is successful b {find music therapeutic © music can be therapeutic listen to music more 5 In doing 80, children... RoW to play musical instruments a leamed —¢ toleam bb leaning — @) would lea 33‘( a : Brainstorming for Ideas Brainstorming for ideas (thinking o things to include in your letter or essay) is an important prewiling tectnigue. Fist look a the newspaper arte and the task. Then read carefully through the five brainstorming steps, Rise in Child Obesity Doctors are concerned about the recent increase in Child Bes. A doctor blames GO0T diets: “There are many reasons why children are gaining too much Weigh, but the biggest reason is that their eating habits are not fealty.” Nutritionists are concerned, as well. They urge parents and other people who influence children to help them tead a healthier lest. Essay Many parents are actively involved in their children's diet but are not always successtul in changing their ‘eating habits. What can they do to succeed in helping their children eat beter? n an essay, suggest ways to improve their habits and help them lead a healthier lifestyle. Be specific, Stop 1: Read the task and underline the main idea ‘his wil serve as the topic of your essay. Remember that the main idea may not be completely contained in a single phrase. (See the underlined words in the task above.) Step 2: Read the newspaper excerpt and circle the Wordsiphrases you think are most important to help you write the essay. Then read the underined parts of the task aloud and make a list of words or phrases that come to mina, |[* food pyramid 5+ cateora * overweight * setting an example * paronts © change of habit fastfood * det 4 * unheattry snacks > * meals © carbohydrates © sugar © nutrtion education i * school Conclusion - Summarizing Suge The concluding paragranh of an essayfeter making suggestions or providing solutions to problems should surmarize the suggestions/soitons that were made and restate the positive effects that those Suggestionsisoluons will have on the problem at hand. es Step 9: Look at the words and phrases you've writen and decide if each one indicates something that is ‘specific or something that is general. Write an § next to the specific words or phrases and a G next to the general words or phrases. (See Stop 2) Now look at the Words/phrases with a G next to them and pick two from which you could make suggestions Example: parents, schoo! Step 4: Think of suggestions that have to do with each of the two wordsyphrases you chose, You can use some of your brainstorming phrases, f they fi, Remember not to stray trom the topic. change their own habits Seta good example ‘cook nutitious meals ‘shop for heattny foodsysnacks talk about nutrition at home Parents Provide healthy snacks in the cafeteria ‘educate students on developing heathy ating habits hand out information on the food pyramid teach students about calories and how the body bums them, invite a nutionist to speak Schools, Step 5: Choose the best suggestions from your lists above, and then think of the results those actions would produce, cook nutritious meals * Children will eat heatthier food and get used to it ‘You willbe setting a good example for their future. sducate students on developing healthy eating habits ‘They will know more about the food they eat, They will establish healthy eating habits. ons/Solutions ‘Conclusion: All al, cooking nutiiious meals and educating chihen regarding healy eating habits are to ofthe most imoortan things we. ‘can do to improve their diets. n doing so, we ‘can help them avoid the pitfalls of obesity and enjoy a healthy ie1/1 9) Matoh the introductions to ter coneusions, ____Geasiow) [ATE] Clearly, members of fails are ining further and futher apart. LT you lve far from your loved ones, | would ke to offer you some suggestions on how to make the distance less cificu. [21] Evident, there are stil people who think that women cannot be ~~ serious athletes. Here are some ways people can go about solving this problem [It is apparent that stict arport securty can be a problem for ~ passengers atthe airport. | am wring to suggest how you might make the checkin and boarding process easier. In what ways can teens incorporate physical ‘exercise into their lives? Write a leter to the school newspaper making suggestions on how teens can improve their health through ‘exercising. Give examples. Start your letter, “Dear Editor.” Essay ‘Some teenagers feel intimidated by the ides of playing sports. How can they be encouraged to participate? What should ‘fiends, parents, schools, and/or coaches do to convince them to take part in athletics? ‘Write an essay on what can be done to solve this problem, A. Allinal, being prepared and knowing the security restrictions in advance will save you time and trouble at the airport. You can avoid delays. B_ All things considered, we need to recognize the accomplishments of worid-class female athletes and improve the programs and faites for younger ones. Doing so will raise the level of respect for women’s sports. In conclusion, families need to make an effort to communicate often and to see one another on holidays and vacations. Athough this is not a replacement for lvng inthe same city, i will alow relatives to remain close. 1) nom dniewisnmainconemene —«AGLARSRSN ist ——— improved and rewrite it 43 Using the newspaper excerpt, write either the letter or the essay. Use your ideas in Ex. 12. (See Answer Section) ‘28 Answer Section) 1d After you have finished writing Your eteressay check forthe VWiriting following. 413 Feed the newspaper excerpt andthe tasks below. What isthe [| lett problem state clery tople? Then In pals, anewer the questions. and opjcvely inte (S00 Answer Secon) inreducton? Letter Who wil you adress the later to? What are your supgestons? | your reason for wting ‘Think of appropriate supporing deals and expected resus Stated inthe roduction Essay: What solutions can you think of? What would the expected results etter only)? be? [tne suagestiontsotton Stated ciety al the begining . an ofeach body paragraph? ‘Teens’ after-school activities [2] Ae specie supporting detais eres proved foreach suggeston The New York State Department of Heath sou is worried that teens are spending more and more time in front of the computer and the television and are not getting enough physical exercise. Researchers state that a ise in teen obesity is due to the fact that teens do not play enough sports The New York State Department of Health is teaming up with the New York State Education Department to think of programs that will encourage teens to exercise more. [Is logical resuit provided for a ‘each suggestion/solution? [7] Are the suggestons/sotions summarized in th last paragraph? Is the summary followed by a restatoment of {general positive effec the suggestions/solutions will hhave on the problem? ‘re lnkers/useul language Used correctly to make the leterfessay flow? Is wide range of relevant vocabulary used? C1 Spote omaareuageusee? 5 {P AZED cosctea Lead-in Who suffers most rom acne? ] | + What psychological eects can acne have on a i teenager? | ; | + Wat causes acne? Read the text to find out ee G., la question is a global one, Read the passage below, maka sure you have read the and then answer the whole passage before you | questions. answer it. |). sie ele dete cae yin ww Mimics tocol snd toe sas wee nase | rely itis cased by verctve an’ et ie | scurulsion of oi bacteria and dead keels rane | are more susceptbe to aene eae puberty Wisgee el production in the glands.? pore-clogging ingredients and advise keeping all hair products away from the skin, | _ ‘Re roblem by making the skin swell and become red, and it canals lead to scarring, takes only afew minutes. Dermabrasion sa lengthier procedure which wears down the outer surface ofthe skin For deeper scars, a doctor may also suggest surgery.” These procedures should only be performed by a doctor and only once the skin is clear ofall acne. | Medical treatments help get ridof sar left by severe acne Laser resurfacing removes the damaged skin and 1. Which of the following best expresses the main 3 In paragraph 3, what does the word clear mean? of the text? (giodal question @ unblemished © distinct People only get acre during puberty, transparent evident Medical procedures are needed to fight acne, © Anunhealthy lifestyle causos acne, @) Acne is a problem that can be trated, breakouts? 8 dermabrasion © denzoy peroxico 2. Why are toons more likely to get pimples? b overwashing 4 popping pimples a) Thoir skin produces more ci i 'b They use greasy hair products. 5 What is not used to get rid of scars? \ © They eat alot of unk food. a dermabrasion © surgery i d_ They sweat more during exercise, after sweating, removes oll and dead skin cells that clog the pores. Overwashing, however, can caver the ek, —— things that can be done to avoid severe acne breakouts. Washing the skin regularly, especially | {0 dr up and irritate any existing acne. Specialists recommend choosing lotions and makeup that do not coreain There are many products that help fight acne. The most common ones are over-the-counter products, such as Foams and gels that can keep skin clea. Most ofthese products contain benzoyl peroxide’ or salicylic acid Ferre severe cases, a doctor can prescribe medicated creams an gels, or pls Eating healthy food gives the skio the proper vitamins and minerals it neds to fight aene. Popping or squeezing a pimple can actually worsen 4 Which treatment can be used during acne laser resurfacingVere ela Health 1, Flin: pores! cases foods / 1 products / minerals / creams Etica uses only the finest hair care products that are on the market. My dad loves greasy foods, but lately he's been eating salads. I raver't been washing my face rogularly. As a result, have logged pores. Do you have any medicated ‘creams or gels that are safe to use on oily skin? Fresh fruits and vegetables are a great source of vitamins and minerals In some severe cases, the doctor may have to perform surgery. Underline the correct word. 2 The doctor had to revive/renew/ restartrepair his medical license. This breakthrough signifies! announces(proposesideciares a new era in medicine. Frank discontinued/misused/ dislikedimisread his medication, ‘once he got over his fu What side eventsiresults/etfects/ ‘outcomes does this type of medicine cause? Most doctors agree that it's not {good to have a(n) active/ sedentary/natural/healthy Mestyt. The doctor said it would take weeks for the wound to cure/heal/restore/ fix, Rex was handled/treated/injured noticed for some minor burns on hs arr, Lindsay was punctual/accurate/ rapidiprecise for her appointment, artving right on time. a 3, Match the words to form phrases, and then use them in the ‘sentences below. a prone b headache © throat 4. expectancy © mechanism 1 poisoning 9. contraction cident boost 1. Our body has a natural defense mechanism that helps fight off linesses Ike colds or the fu. 2 George is always wearing a bandage on some part of his body. He's quite accident prone. {A(n) muscle contraction in my leg woke me up during the night. The noise level in my apartment building frequently gives me a spliting headache, The file expectancy of people in the USA is about 78 years of age. ‘An easy remedy for a(n) sore throat is gargling with warm salt water. Sarah said she got food poisoning from that restaurant once. Candy bars give you a quick energy boost, but then you feel even more tied atterwards Aj choose the correct tem. 1 Hospitals must do all they ean £0 nnn @ person's privacy. @ prsene —b provide ¢ continued keep 2. Thepatient's heatis....., 80he must have surgery immediately. ‘a displacing —b recovering () falling d mending 3. Your heart rate can #88... when you ae frightened. @ cramaticaly b extremely ¢. eventualy d gradually 4 Scratching the insect bite will not help. wil actualy the problem. a weaken lesson @) worsen harden 5 US8 anon fom the eat yesterday and hither head on a chair, a weakened —b stained © tore @) Tainted 55 Check the appropriate box(es). Choose five phrases and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) Perform provide prescribe medicine v ‘a procedure ¢ “ treatment facilties v antibiotics ‘an operation Speaking & Writing How much sleep should teenagers get? What health issues are teenagers concerned about? '* What do you do to take care of your body? Your mind? Spend three minutes writing about the topic. (See Answer Section) 37Forms (See Chart in Grammar Appendix 4.1.) Uses: * to express purpose ~ She went tothe library todo some research * after certain verbs (agree/appear/expect! hhope/promise, etc. ~ see Grammar Appendix 46.2) ~ He agreed to cook dinnex * after verbs and expressions: ask/decide/ explain/find out/learn/want/want to know, etc. when followed by a question word (except for “why") — Helearned how {0 ski BUT: I want 10 know why he came, * after adjectives which describe feelings (happy/sad) or express (un)willingness (reluctant/willing), and after the ‘adjectives lucky and fortunate - | was lucky to find a space ro park. * after would like/would prefer/wauld love, et, to express a specific preference — They would love to travel more, after too/enough ~ Its too hor to work. after only to express an unsatisfactory result ~ /drove home only to discover that had left my keys at work. + after it + be + adjective/noun — itwas ‘hard to see through the fog. + after be + first/second/lastinext, ete. - ‘She was the fist to see the movie, * after certain nouns and certain pronouns ssuch as something, someone, anyone, ‘nothing, etc. to show that sth is necessary (oF possible ~ itis my pleasure to join your ‘eam. She's got nathing to wear othe party * in the expressions: to tell you the truth, ‘to begin with, to start with, to be honest, to sum up, to conclude ~ To be ‘honest, Inever intended to do ths. Gemenber ees mee nat me pareperet scien areas Se wa Se ra fel cea Uses: * after modal verbs - You should go to bed early * after had better/would rather/would sooner — | would rather drive * after the verbs let/make/see/hear/feel in the active ~ His wife ade him see a dents. 41 Underline the correct infinitive form. 1. I've never tried Thal food before, but I'd really ke to try/to, 2 My mom made me to learn/learn how to cook, 3 I'm really lucky to have metimeet you. 4 This recipe is very hard follow/to follow. 5 Sam needs know/to know if you're working tomorrow. Put the words in parentheses into the correct infinitive form. 1A: You should have said (say) that you didn't want to see an ‘adventure movie before we bought the tickets, 8: | didn't know which movie you had chosen, 2 A: Why do you look so frustrated? B: All these chores have fo be done (do) and there's no one here to help me. 3A: Much damage is said to have been caused (cause) by last night's ire. 8: Luckily, no one was hurt, 4A Look at that monkey! It seems fo be making (make) funny faces at me! 8: Don't be silly, i's just playing eround! What time does the game start? There's no need fo hury (hurry). We stil have an hour before kickoft 2> Circle the correct answer, 1 Carmen was made the truth @ tote b tell © tohavetold d tobe told 2 Werhave a ot to do tomorow, We should uu... Up eat @) get bb toget ee get to be geting 3 Itried to talk to him, only that he wouldn't change his mind, a find out ©) tofind out b_ had found out be found out 4° twas nice of them us, @ vist —() tovistt © have visited d_ they visited 5 Pattick says he would rather the presentation today. @ notmake b not making ¢ tonot make d doesn't make “My teacher asked us to read tws chaptes for tomorrow." “You have nothing ‘bout, Mine fold us to road the whole book" @ you're complaining. € for complaining ® ‘to complain for to complain 7. “Eleanor wants me to tell everyone that she did the eport instead of me." "She can't make that! It's dishonest!” @ youdo b youdoing © your doing 8 “I don't want to go to the seminar with George." “who do you want 2 @ gowth b withto.go @ togo wih 9 Sarah wanted to study and the test. pass bso passing © forto pass 4 to have passed on this trip. @ rotgo b notgong © nottogo d notiobe going 11 He insisted on going rating with us, but now he says nat going to © he doesnt want ® he doesn't want to dhe doesn't d_ youto do with you going 10° Sheila says she would rather1” TLC oa ences zm Gomer! oS 7 Make set and hear ae followed by theulinfintve inthe passive voce Hewes made Yo return he C fo fs owner, + Lee becomes be allowed to inthe possve voce, You are not allowed to thew gunn cs. «The verb hep can be followed by tier a fll or bare ifitive. She helped her bother) stay. t + Present participles (verb + -ing) describe what someone or something is. twas @ boring lecture. (How was the lecture? Boring.) + Past participles describe how somebody feels. The students became bored after listening tothe lecture for two hours. (How did the students feel? Bored.) ember!) Remember! | The participle and the rest of the Sentence must ee tothe same subect While oving does heard okrck onthe | contrast vaecrone snes ewer The Subjunctive is similar in form to the bare infinitive and is often used with that- clauses. It is much more common in ‘American English than in British English, and is mostly used after the verbs demand, insist, recommend, request, suggest, Propose, etc. and after the adjectives essential, vital, advisable, important, and necessary, Patter: verb + (that) + subject + bar ‘suggest (that you see the doctor inf, | British English: tt is suggested (hat) he (should) visita doctorsoon. British and American English: It is suggested (that) he visits o doctor soon. | American English: Its suggested (that) he \ visita doctor soon, 4 Rewrite the following sentences using the subjunctive. 1. Take your medication with food. (Important) itis important (that) you take your medication with food. 2. You must come fix the plumbing by tomorrow! (demand) | demand (that) you come fix the plumbing by tomorrow! 3 You should stop using your credit card 80 much. (recommend) i (that) you stop using your credit card so much 4 Let's eat out. (suggest) | suggest nat) we eat out 5. We need to improve the public education system. (propose) loropose (that) we improve the public education system, 16 He has to prepare for his exam wellin advance. (insist) insist that) he prepare for his exam welt in advance, 7 Call the hotel if you want to secure your reservation. (advisable) ttle aavisable (that) you call the hotal # you wart fo secure your Make sure you wash your hands aftor handling raw meat. (vital) Ieis vital that) you wash your hands after handling raw meat 9 Please return the book to the library. (request) request 3 return the book to the library. 5 Underline the correct word 1. That's an amazed/amazing new car. 2. The author wrote a most revealed/revealing account of his ite as a university student. 3. The defeated/deteating team wil not enter the next stage of the championship. 4 I was relly boringrbored in Mrs. Sioan’s clas this moming 5. Thoirkds are so spoling/spoled! : — Revision 6 Ghee the corect answer. 1 Ohno! There the bus a go) goes toga going 2 The staff suggested that the meeting atter the tong weekend, @ beheld b hela 3 You look very © should hold dis being held @ ting = tootring © tote = @) tied 4 Why the soup? Is there something wrong with i? @ tosmell b smelling —¢ do you smell (@) areyou smelling the king of the world! d_ were being 5. wish he would stop acting as ithe a be b been = (@) were 6 "they don’t want to help out with the party, .. We don't need their help, anyway. a beitso then itis so © thon so be it d then soitbe 7 We very important nt the manager right now. a speak b hespoke © hetospeak (@) that he speak 8 Karen be a doctor, but now she has retired @ Would @ usedto © isusedto d gotusedto 9 Imnot in studying law. a interest interesting ©) interested d_very interest 39immar Forms (See Chartin Grammar Appendix 41) Uses: * a noun ~ Exercising ls g00d for your health, * after certain verbs: admit/appreciate/avoid/continue/ deny/go (for activities\yimagine/mind/miss/quit/ suggest/practice/consider/prevent - dont mind talking ‘about this (See Grammar Appendix 4c.) * after: loverlike/enjoy/preferidislixe/hate to express 3 general preference ~ | ove eating cookies with milk, NOTE: For a specific preference (would like, would prefer, would love), usefull infinitive. Jwould ove to eat «cookies, but m on a det + after certain expressions: be busy/it’s no use/it’sno good/ its (not) worth/what’s the use offcan’t help/there's no point (in)/can’tstand/have difficulty (in)/have trouble ~ can't stand waiting in long lines. + after spend/waste/lose (time, money, etc) ~ she spendsa 9 * after expressions such as: look forward to/be used to/ in addition to/object to/prefer (doing sth to sth else) — {ook forward to seeing you next week. + after prepositions ~ /m good at cooking. *+ some verbs take a full infinitive or a gerund, but there is 8 change in meaning. (See Grammar Apendix4c2for the fll ist) 1 forgot to mail the letter. (= not remember). Il never forget meeting the president. (= bring sth to mind) + some verbs/phrases may take an object before the gerund. (See Grammar Appendix 43, errs orth ~ \ When it comes 1) to eooking/to ‘00k, many people would rather 2) to eatieat out. They're tired from working all day or are simply too busy 3) preparing/to | prepare a home-cooked meal 4) Dining/Dine at a restaurant, Picking up fastfood, or §) orderingito ‘order a pizza is faster and easier, but at | what cost to their health? Due to the fact that any restaurants and fast food chains prefer 6) usingito use | high-fat fo0d preparation methods and ingredients, consumers | are gaining more and more weight than ever before. People who cook at home frequently, however, enjoy better health because they are able 7) to control/control what goes in their food and how they prepare it Altrough 8) to cook/cooking at home takes time and some planning, the health benefits far excaed those of a fastfood iat. Infinitive/Participles/Subjunctive/Gerunds/Too-E ‘After the verbs hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel, we use the gerund to describe an incomplete action. She ‘Saw him warking to work. (She only witnessed him walking part of the way to work) NOTE: use the bare infinitive with these verbs to describe ‘a complete action. She saw him walk the door (The action was completed.) + Too has a negative meaning and shows that something | more than enough or necessary. It appears before adjectives, adverbs, and much/many, and is followed by a full infinitive. This coffees too sweet for me to drink, (NOT: to drinkie) ‘+ Enough has a positive meaning and shows that there is as much of something as is wanted or needed. it appears before nouns but after adjectives or adverbs andis followed bya fullinfntiv. have enough information tonite my atl. He seems strong enough to help me move the piano, NOTE: Enough also appears in negative sentences to show that more of something is wanted or needed. | don'thave enough time to see you. (= | need more time) * Enough is never used before an adjective. instead, quite or fairly are used. Its quite easy to solve this problem. (NOT: ts enough-easy to solve this problem) ‘Too is never used to describe sth that is positive. Instead, very, really, or extremely are used. itwas really ood ro seehim again. (NOT: twas ee goed to see him again) Complete the sentences with too / enough and the ‘words in parentheses, 1 A: Do you want to come over to my house tonight? B: Thanks, but ll be trac to go anywhere after work. (tired) 2A: What do you think of our new co-worker? Br He's friendly but | don't think he's 200i to be inthis company. (experienced) 3. A: Your mom is an excellent cook! Br Really? | always found her cooking 100 52 (cally) 4A Is thore @ minimum age requirement for the contest? B: Yas, but you're ofa Ugh to enter. (old) 5 A: I thought that novel was fantastic! 8: Did you? | found it ‘00 simple to hold my attention for long, (simple) 6 A; Why did Sue reject my suggestions? 8: I believe she found them *2 comicicared, (complicated)Exam Practice — Grammar aa ‘sting 2 vary talented musician. @. is considering b. considers being ©. consider to be @ Is considered to be | wish | that much, had not ate b. toeat (©) had not eaten d._ have not eaten That soup is tocat a. spicy for 'b} t00 spicy ©. very spicy 4. t00 spicy for “How about eating out tonight?” “That would be great. | would tove not dinner fora change!” fa) to make . making make 4. to making By this time tomorrow, we___eating dinner in Pars! a. are going to b. are ©. wil (d willbe ‘vegetables is healthier than frying them. a. To griling (8) Gailing ©. Gril 4. To ori ‘She wore a pantsuitto the dinner because she didn't think she oar a dress. a. would >. dont ©) had to 4. can “The Italian restaurant on Main Street is absolutely awl.” + there myself many times in the past, | disagree with you. ) Having dined b. I dined ¢. Have dined 4. Diring ‘She heard him a. to saying b. tosay @. sald @) say that he would be home early. 10, 11 12, 14, 18, 17. 18, {oo much milk in the batter ~ it's runny! @) There's b. There's a © Its . There “Are you going to make lasagna?” “Yes, but only ‘you go to the store and buy the ingredients.” unt b. then ©. unless oi “virion casserole is yours?" “ has the three-cheese layer an top." & One that {B) The one that ©. The one wih 4. One that “What are they teaching you at cooking schoo!” “Well, in we've been learning how to make cessor. a. last classes ‘B) the ist few classes «the last few 4. the few classes, Ive already eaten. | appreciate you asking, a. therefore . besides © though «although “Why didn't Erin go out to dinner?” “Well, she had a iong day at work. She tired." might have been would be cc. should have been should be ‘She spoke atthe rehearsal dinner. a. more eloquent . more eloquently . ©. eloquent eloquenty “Do you need anything from the supermarket?” "Yes, we're ‘ut of sugar. almost hardly ©. notat all not quite to leave the office without notifying me frst! ‘a. You should never b. You never have © Never are you . Never wil you 41{te aking is allowed during Part 2 of tho istaning section and is considered very important because it helps you important ayon specie information. While listening, you should focus your siemon on key phrases, such as, The mast ‘important point is... One of the aspects involved allow you to take good notes quickly, and theretore do dates etc, not everything you hear. 4] Work in pairs. Look at the examples below and think of at least two more common abbreviations, ‘department = dept. introduction junior = jr. doctor advertisement = ac, Wiring abbreviations includes techniques such as wing Only the beginning of a long word or using symbols, 2 4) Match the following words to their abbreviations, (TE) negative 2 wi citron > og, frst °- [7 popuation @ choc, postive © it (S17 porcont fe baling 9 1000's [812] chocolate hist Word War 1 pop. (10]] thousands is ) White abbreviations forthe following words, 1 biology 6 usualy usu 2 especialy 7 goverment gov 3. chemisty @ number 4 science 9 language 5 tet 10 our 3 ®) Look at the following pictures. What do you think the listening task will be about? Have you ever eaten any of these before? if not, which ‘Would you like to try? ete. Finally, note taking involves writing abbreviations hich wi better in Part 2. Make sure you jot down facts such as numbers ») Work in pairs. Discuss which words you expect to hear. Choose from the list below. Sightseeing /lactory / recipe / warehouse Survey / layers / flavor sugar / menu You are going to hear a talk about jelly beans, Listen to the beginning of a Part 2 listening ‘exercise and work in pairs, ‘Student A listens and takes notes under the following headings: Name of company Company makes Jelly Bally Candy famous. Company ‘Student B listens and takes notes under the following headings: (Company makes other | ‘candy including: species © chocolates T= histo oi sourcandies | Beane gummios how jelly beans are made | ‘4 Now listen to the continuation and then answer the questions. Take notes below. 1) How old is the jelly bean? @ over 100 years old ‘over 1000 years old © less than 100 years old 2 When did people start eating chocolate instead of penny candy? alter World War inthe late 18003 © Inthe early 19005 [Fake INGHHIS) 5re part Il Seum arc een za ‘you are going to hear four short talks on diferent topics. Before each tak begins you ill ave time to look tthe printed questions. Jitorstaning to each talk, you will hear 4 to 6 questions on it. Choose the best answer to each question from the printed answer choi questions 1-5 Look at the questions. Then listen to a woman giving a talk about health. +1 What is the subject of the woman's talk? a) skin care © fashion magazines popular magazines d_teenage problems 2. What does the woman ask the group to do fist? ‘a write theirnames put their ideas in a box (B) participate ina survey d do some homework 3. According to the woman, what is the best way to prevent wrinkles? a drink lots of water use moisturizers beat well > wear sunscreen 4 What doos the woman say about the causes of acne? @ Noone knows what causes it. b itis caused by stress, © It may be caused by chocolate. d_ She believes itis caused by greasy food 5 According to the woman, which category suffers most ‘tom acne? a teonage gis © adut women teenage boys a adut mon Questions 6-10 Look at the questions. Then listen to a man giving 2 talk about medicine. 6 What does the speaker say about medicine? ‘8 Most people cat eford expensive medicine. People are spending ess on medicine nowadays. © People tend to depend too much on medicine. More and more people are trying home remedies. 7. What does the speaker say about butter? a Itroieves the pain ofa bum. © Itcan make a bun worse. © itis great remedy for bums. 4. itis a great remedy for many problems. 8 According to the speaker, what can help cure an ear infection? a bananas © yogurt ®) olive of hair conditioner 9 What does the speaker say is true about honey? a It can prevent hay fever. b) It can help heal wounds, ¢ Itcan prevent acne, d_ Itcan prevent several allergies. 10. What does the speaker mean when he says: 4 ‘a He is not going to tel les. b_ He is not going to repeat what his wife says. © He is not to tell any long stories. @ He is not going to repeat any traditional belies. ices a, D, ©, oF d. Ifyou Wish, you may take notes as you listen, Questions 11-15, Look at the questions. Then listen to @ teacher talking to aclass. 11 Whyis the teacher taking to the lass? ‘to welcome them tothe school 'b to congratulate them on a success to remind them to study for atest @ to explain an assignment 42. What does the teacher tell the class to do? (@) keep arecord © come up witha science project writea paper d explain their ideas 13. What does the teacher hand out tothe class? a essays © instructions b exam results da sign-up sheet 14 Why does the teacher want a photograph? to show to the rest ofthe class (to prove the students did something © to put in the school year book to hang on the classroom wal 18 What does the speaker mean when she says:'4: 8 Students who study the hardest will get the best grades. 1b The results should prove that studying hard results in good grades. ‘The students should learn that being healthy is connected to athletic performance. The resuits will show that a healthy diet affects students’ grades. Questions 16-20 Look at the questions. Then listen to a radio program, 16. Wihatis the presenter doing? a announcing a music competition publicizing a new magazine announcing a special event announcing an upcoming concert 17 What is the main focus of the weekend? to promote local produce _ to promote local bands ) to promote heathy living to promote cook books 18 Why does the presenter give a telephone number? for people wanting to make a donation ® or general information © for reservations 4. for listeners to call him 19. Who wil the presenter be taking to on the phone later? a alistener © amusician anevent organizer d_amaster chet 20 What does the speaker mean when he says: 4: ‘8 The radio station received a generous donation 'b Therasiostaionis aking partin an athlete competion. © The radio station is donating money for sports. @ The radio station will be the fist to donate money. 43: Lead-in . " ‘i ‘+ What is your favorite food? ‘+ What is your favorite restaurant? How often do you eat out? Po Re February 24 0 Traditional, authentic Cantonese cuisine served in a stylish and elegant restaurant, Owners Sam and Lee Chung offer a wide varity of delicious dishes, All dishes are 20% off for the fist month of opening, [rr tc, “| Os te ne Che restau ht st ‘ened dowatown: Dragon Palace My cousin reguarly goes tothe owners’ other restaurant in Portuile and she says the Poking. duck is fantasti Please have the review on my desk by Tuesday, § pm. Thacks, Robert Harding | Ctiet Exitor, Foodie Weekly 44 ° reer dale Opening Night To; Anita Brown, Reslonal Tour Guice From: Lind Newton, Managing Drector3 {he am of ths reper to gh an overview of al the eaters i town to ensue ‘employees® can cater to al ofthe dietary needs of cur tourists, g : 3 a z 5 a g a 3 3 2 z g g Dries, Te town has seven cafés which serve sandwiches, french fries. and other Snacks, whlch are perhaps not the healthiest choices A chinese resturant hay ‘ecenty opened downtown tat coud cater to those on a larger Dude, Gr the umole, te town's eateries are of good quay an value“ Ts shoud help veryne select he most utable eateries when acving customers on tor with you Foodie Weekiy/Review © Restaurant in the Spotlight With Nick Sefter FRrPPPP PRP PP Pe ee ee is 2 must have. ts not surprising it was awarded Best New Restaurant though, the cury is spicy and it is 2 restaurant. The only around $10 for an wat fora man dish his weeks restaurant under review is the newly opened an authentic Ccinese restaurant with a modern twist Once you enter you are g Budha statue and a smiling apaet i leads you to your table across a glass floor itis a bit p eth itvasa covering an aquarium of ih. great ding epeence and In lek (Clearly, the onmers put much thought into. forward to sampling more of their cls chopstick-only orth the ratherlong wait as lous. They have a very la variety of appetizers to nibble on, and aso main courses, which doesnot make it easy to pick a ash. However, the Peking duck cury was amazing and the mango desert Read the texts A.0 and answer the questions 4-10. Question 1 refers to section A 1 Whats tho purpose of section A? igioba’ question) 8 to give a review on a restaurant to provide directions to a restaurant © t0 advertise a performance @ 10 promote a special event ue tions 2-3 refer to section B. at does the text say about the restaurant? One dish is particulary praised, The food is what attracts regular customers © The food is not as good as in their other restaurant The owners have many other restaurants, [nese sseil 3 Why was the Chinese restaurant chosen to be reviewed? a. Ithad just opened. b_ They had seen an advertisement © had been recommended. d_ Itwas in a convenient location. questions 4-5 refer to section C. 5 ‘Whats the main point of the text? iglota question) ‘2 The restaurants serve fresh food (B) The restaurants are up to standard ‘© The food is not healthy in most of the restaurants. d_ Tho rostaurants are reasonably priced, Who is the text intended for? restaurant owners, the general public @) the writer's statt d_ the writer's boss ‘Questions 6-8 refer to section D. What is suggested about the appearance of the restaurant? It was important to maintain a traditional design. 'B) Itwas an important part of the dining © expernce. © [twas inspired by the owner's home ‘county, It was centered around an exotic aquarium, What did the water find dificult to do? choose his meal find the restaurant ‘© have to wait for the meal cat with chopsticks What was the writer's main ciicism? ‘2 The portions were too small 'b The cury was too spicy, The service was too slow. @ The food was too expensive. Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C, ‘and D. 10 Which sectons give an opinion? a sections A,B, and C @ sections 8, C, and © soctions A.C, and O 4. all sections ‘What wil lessen Nick Seltr'scttclem ithe visits Dragon Palace before March 242 4 the elegant decorations bb tho experienced staff © the wide variety of dishes @ the 20% discount on food Food Flin: processed / dining / elegant /authente / ively /arfca 1. The restaurant offers superb service in a quiet, elegant setting, 2. What isthe difference between natural and artificial ingredients? 3. What kind of cining experience do you prefer—casual or fine restaurants? In tay, my parents enjoyed authentic Italian cuisine. Diets today consist of many processed foods that contain hidden substances. Leslie enjoys places that have big crowds and a(n) ively environment. 2. Undertine the correct wor. 1. Can you tell me where the frozen/freezing/trigid/frosted foods section is? Did you have any dessert/appetizersistarters/snacks after the meal? 3. The meal was precooked/overcooked/reheated/overheated and had to be thrown away. 4 Mary was compensated/refunded/awarded/repaid the prize for the best lemon pie 5 The bread was a litle rotten/moldy/sour/decayed, so we had to throw it out 6 Be very careful. The edge ofthat knife is quite blunt/jagged/uneven/ bumpy, 3 Flin: try iter bite / mic steam / chew /spey nibble Monica doesn't lke spicy food. She prefers mild Ifthe oll is not hot enough, the chicken won't fy. property. Lance wasn't hungry. He just wanted to nibble at his food. Is there enough water in the pot to sieam the vegetables? Gan you mix the flour and mik while | beat the eggs? Its hard to ote Into an apple after going to the dentist. My cottee was oiter this moming, a8 we were out of sugar. Make sure to chew your food well before swaltowing. ‘A, Check the appropriate box(es). Choose five phrases and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) obtain accept receive ¢—aninvitation ¥ responsibilty 4 allcense ¢ ; accredit card ¥v altravel visa 7) moma Speaking & Writing — ccm, + How does food atect our body and heattn? Discuss in pals. * Do teenagers think about their health when choosing the foods ‘ney eat? | + How important is physical appearance o teenagers? What problems can tis cause? Spend three minutes writing about he top.To describe nouns. They can be factual, (straight, red) or express an opinion (pretty, wrong). They have the same form in the singular or plural ‘Aajectves go before nouns but after the verbs be, look, smell sound, feel. taste, Seem, appear, become, get. stay, ete * There are also compound adjectives which ‘are formed with: present participles (a long-lasting impression), past. participles ‘strong-willed man), cardinal numbers + ‘nouns (a two-hour drive) (NOT: a two-hole | ive) or well/badly + past participle well uit abt) "Nouns of material, purpose, or substance | Can also be used as adjectives before other | ‘Rouns, but without a plural form. evening ‘meal - evening meals Present and past participles can be used 28 adjectives. The journey was exciting, We were excited. | * Some adjectives can be used with the Without nouns to talk about groups of People in general. The blind. the deaf, the ‘young, etc. | * Some adjectives have two forms and have @ difference in meaning. (See Chart Jn Grammar Appendix 56.1.) * When two or more adjectives appear before @ noun, they normally appear in the following order: Opinion ~ size ~ age ~ shape ~ color — ‘origin - material ~ used for/be about + Roun. We bought a wonderful, small. new, ‘rectangular, gray, American, metal, printing machine. HOWEVER: Long lists of ‘adjectives before a noun are not normally used. A noun is usually described by no ‘more than three adjectives. A wonderful, old Jaz record * Ordinal numbers (first, second) go before cardinal numbers (one, two).~the { {rst two weeks (NOT: ) The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, content, Pleased, etc. are never followed by a ‘noun. The child was afraid ofthe dark (NOT: thealrald cid) * The adjectives chief, eldest, former, {ndoor, inner, main, only, outdoor, outer, principle, upper, etc. can only be used ‘before nouns. Hei the former President. 46 a ROLE eee 41 Check (v) the correct sentence. 1 [1] The two fst weeks at college were dificult for Net » [the fist wo weoks at college were difcu for Natie 2 [Z]sho bough beaut! brown leather boots, [7] she bought brown leather boautul boots The cat was asleep on the ug [__} he asleep cat was onthe rg. 4 a[ We bought some ively future outdoor. ‘6 ]We bought some lovely outdoor furniture Underline the correct word(s). 1 Deat/The deat use sign language to communicate. 2 Tho park was only a two-hour/two-hours chive, 3 We gave Mom a goldenigold ring for her birthday, 4 Hove Andrea's long siky/sitk hair 5 This modal airplane is bad-assembled/badly-assembled Revision Citele the correct answer. 1 Lor and have nuns iendship a lasting-iong © longlasting ® alongiasting @ lasting tong 2 The trl a at pm, @ arives © has been ariving b toarive about to arrive 3 to ask her for help again a embarrassed bbe embarrassed 4 Duo to the heatwave, am embarrassed ‘embarrassing + Wore advised to stay indoors, & eldey —b oldor the older @ the eden 5 Sam ont here, He sa. the bank has been in © has been to ® has gone to has gone for 6 never forget that... ook on his face, @® stony b store © stones d-_stoning 7 Why... Nols€ when ' on the phone! ‘a you must always make wil you always make Would you always make are you always making 8 We stayed ata)... cottage @ beaut ofc, English beautiful, Engl, ola © English, beaut, old old, beautitul, English 9 We got used to ving in aly ater the... months, 2 four frst © fourth frst ) fst our fist fourtn 10 Fim hungry. fn Something to eat 2 make © wit make wil be made @ will have made (Ria 05bs 1 ee tee ow (manner ~ angry), where (place ~ here), irene -yeserc), how often (requency mei) oF how much (degree ~ complete) Shrmnpens. They canbe one word (ice ora Fras inthe Form & Use: vost adverbs are formed by adding ly to the end ofthe adjective. nice-nicey «+ Some adverbs have two forms, but there ig difference in meaning, (See Grammar ‘Appendix 5b2,) (omen Ti folowing wors end in ay bu they re adetven ot avers Uy, cis. cowardly, tend ely ‘hoa el lonely sly lovely « Totorm te adverbs of these wore, wre se woyimanner. He gretedme ‘ina friendly way/manner. 3) ‘Adverbs usually go after verbs but before adjectives, other adverbs, and participles. He drives carefully. She is incredibly intelligent. We ran very fas. Laptopsare extensively used nowadoys Adverbs can be used infront, mid, or end Postion in a sentence “ast week he was working hardin his garden. ‘Advets of manner can be used in any postion: before the main verb, after an aviary verb, or at the end of the sentence. When placed in front, they give emphasis. He slowly opened the door He is slowly opening the door. He opened the door slowly. lowly he opened the doo ‘Adverbs of place and time usually go at the end ofthe sentence. Theresa hospital ‘nearby. {call him tomorrow. Adverbs of time can also appear in front to ‘emphasize time. Tomorrow, al hi. ‘Adverbs of manner, place, and time, when used in the same sentence, are usually placed as follows: The baby wos sleeping peacefully (manmer) in his crib (place) at morning (time). When the main verb shows movement, such as go, come, and leave, the order becomes place - manner - time. He came to work (Glace) by car(manner) this morning time). + Adverbs of frequency (always, never, etc) go after the auxiliary and the ver to be, but before the main verb. lalways jogin the pak. 1m never late for work ‘Adverbs of degree (absolutely, totally, etc) go before the words they modify The day is nearly over + For use of quite, rather, fin, pretty, (See Grammar Appendix 563, Rewrite tne sentences putting the adverbs in the ri Lit ame el cra dh tao etd ey ONT ALCOR) Ex are used to describe verbs, adjectives, 11 My brother entered the house. (quietly/ate last My brother quietly ontarad the house late lastnight 2. | take the subway. (usually/every morning) J usually take the subway every morning. 3. The boy lost his dog, (in the park/suddenty) Tho boy suddenly lost his dog in the park 4 They bought a house. (cautiouslyjlast year) They cautiously bought 2 house last year 5 The teacher prepares her lessons, (carefully/in advance) ‘eacher carefully prepares her lessons in advance Underline the correct word. 1. There's hardly/hard any milk let 2. Laura sings very good/well 3 Jim is really lately/late. | wonder where he is. 4 Todd needed to work on his writing skis a litle farther/further. Revision Circle the correct answer. 1 They were... all moming, running noisily in the yard «running in the yard noisily inthe yard noisily running d_ noisily in the yard running 2 "When are they moving to Canada?” "Wel, it’s dificult to " a say exact, © say the exact, b exact say @ say exactly 3. Fisend you an email once I... there. a will gat © wil have gotten b get dam getting 4) Have you tied the potato salad? It @ tastes super © superb tastes 1b superbly tastes tastes superbly 5 “Did you call Jet?” “No. | a will tomorrow call him b willcall tomorrow him ©) wil call him tomorrow 4d tomocrow wil call him 6 We a 10 ix the lock but it wasimpossible a willy ce ty b have been trying @ tried 7 They acted in a very ‘coward manner cowardly manner © more cowardly manner 4 much cowardly manner 8 “Tmexhausted” ‘Don't worry. The eit a nearly is over € neaty over is Bis over ney @ ssneaty over 9 I never knew tht Ale in Bra @ vsed to ve © is getting used to ving Buse 10 lve would ive 477 ‘a criti Gita ein eine F ) ‘+ Form the comparative and superlative forms or regular adjectives/adverbs of one syllable by adding -(e)r and -e}st. pale - paler - pales, short - shorter - shortest, big bigger - biggest, sow - slower - slowest For two-sylable adjectives ending in, (or -w, also add -()ee/-iest. lovely -lovelier = loveliest, narow - narrower narrowest NOTE: early (adv) ~ earlier - earliest ‘+ Adjectives/Adverbs with two or more syllables take more and most. exciting - more exciting - most exing, often - more often - mast often + Common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, polite, quiet, shallow, simple, and stupid form their comparative and superlative forms either with -er/-est or with more! most friendly rendier/ - mor friendly + Irregular forms: good/well- beter best, bad/bady - worse - worst, much/many/a lot of more most, tle - less least, far ~ farther further —forthest furthest Remember! Further/Farther (adverb) = longer (in distance). My houses further/ farther from the park than yours. Further (adjective) = more. Idon‘t want any further problems + Elder/Eldest (+noun) (adjective) = for members of a family. My elder sister isa nurse. BUT: My sisters older than me. (NOT: eldeeshan) + Comparisons can be expressed with the following words: ~ very + adjective —I'savery boring movie. = even/a lot/much/far/a bit/a little/ slightly + comparative — You look alot better today ~ by far + superlative — This is by far the best hoel ve ever been to. ~ most + adj/ady = very (formal) He wil ‘be most pleased 10 see you again. any/no + comparative (it is used in questions and negations) - This isnt getting any easier + (not) so/as + adjecti short as his sister + twice/three times etc. + as + adjective + ‘a8 ~ That cris twice as expensive as mine, * the same ... as ~ You have the same skirt as Ido, * the + comparative ... the + comparative = The more you talk theless work i get done. ‘+ comparative + and + comparative - its getting warmer and warmer. +38 —Hes (not) as 48 7 Put the adjectives in parentheses in the comparative or ‘superlative form, adding any necessary words. 1 can't stand living in the city. The eity Is always dirtier than (dirty) the country 2 Timmy has really grown! it seems he's getting taler (and taller) (all 3. Monica is by far the best (good) student in the class. 4 The play was even worse than (bad) we expected. 5. Thisis he most dsisious (delicious) meat ve ever had. _Undertine the correct word. ‘The yellow roses smell as beautiful so/as the red ones. ‘The more you study, betterithe better you do in school Winter is coming soon. I's getting eold/eolder and colder. My MP3 player is less expensive than/of yours. Vlbe out ofthe hospital soon. I'm feeling a lot best/better today, Revision Q) Clete the correct answer. 1 ‘College is prety hac.” “Wel, it won't @ get any easier © got most easier get no easier got more easier 2 This research paper t0OK thought it would 3) twice as long as € twice as long as twice as long 4 twice long 3 Brad wn ata shop tis surmer, jst til schoo! starts again a has worked —b works —& worked dis working 4 The faster we leave, un. Wel get there, a quicker © the quickest the quicker 4. the more quick 5 Atthe end ofthe year, Mr. Larson... for forty year. will work © works ® willnave been working dis working 6 This pasta sauce is by fa... Ive ever tasted. a more delicious the more delicious {© the most delicious 4 most delicious 7 The Prime Ministr of Spain... next week, due to © arrving ® istoarive will have been arriving 8 My litte brother is... in his lass. a themoretall b tallest 9m Bred because Vn @) thetallest. taller the house all moming. a have cleaned © wilclean © have been cleaning 4 clean 10 | think i's geting... save money nowadays. harder and harder © more and more harder more hard hard and harder 11 He watched Helen a8... to fix her computer fortwo hours, before he decided to help her. a) shetried bis trying © hadtried —d totry 42. After his... im the park, he couldn't move a muscle! @ ve mile un © runtive miles tive miles un @ tve-mio un 13. Itwas a tere party; .....tumed upl a almost anyone b_ hardly no one © anyone almost @ hardly anyoneYr” pally acts he were the boss, @ as though ‘b. just as as ong d. only as 1% the students passed ter nal exams 2. Some ©. None &. Most @ All 5. Youcan borow my car__ you Bring back by itocloce (@ provded B, incase c. as ong a. unless 4, "Why are you so angry at me? "Because | told anyone my secret! a. you to not tll . tonot tell ) you not to tell 4. not to tell Not only a. going b. we went . we had gone @ did we go 10 Austra, but we visite Italy, too. 6 dinner by the time you get home from work. '. willbe finishing the preparation of bb. must have finished preparing © willhave finished preparing could have finished preparing Could you please tll me what time a. does the train leave ». leaves the train © thetrain leaves 4. is leaving the train 8. “Tm not excited about seeing Mr. Brighton.” Neither do 3) Nether am @ Sodo! 4. Soamt 8. often wonder where | ‘now if| had never met you @ wouls be b. was ©. had been 4. have been 10. ____ you leave now, you'll miss your fight, ‘a. Provided bit ©. As long as @ Unless tt 12 13, 14 15. 16. 17 [Petras Menu Ex How do you know _ sneakers are his? a whose ® which ©. what 6. that You___ be going or you'l be late for work would better &. would rather © had better had rather ‘Aron you and Larry engaged tobe mario?" Wel, not anymore, but we @ wsed tobe B. are used to bal © wersussdta 4. got used to We decided to eat out staying in. a. alternatively b. rather ©. inplace of & instead of Mr, Fitzgerald's test was dificut. a. surprise © surprising ©. surprising 4. surprised "Whereis Phil's new house? ‘salitle tothe south." @ futher B. furthest . farthest . far fave you seen my sweater?” \h, you mean the one?" Italian, long, red 0 ee ©. red, Kalan, long 4. long, alan, red Tina's boots are the same. mine, b. with ©. tke ato jandra’s a great player!” “Yeah, she's certainly a opponent." @ worthy 3 worth © wort 4. worthiness “Why is Toby upset?” “the look on his face, I'd say he lost the game, a. Through b. For © By with 491 Ear 41S Listen and complete the mind map. Causes | negative soltimage Typ + famiy probleme j * problems at schoo! | + anorexia i + the media * oulima * social orassure + binge eating + compulsive eating mptoms Treatment: ‘obsessed with weight/lood (00 much or oo lite exaroise * individual therapy become irritable or withdrawn | f & famiy counseling often tral j + encourage better eating habits ) (Remember! 6b (lett Lee Ce ‘+ Must: itis your duty/you are obliged to do something You must obey the ules * Have to:itisnecessary todo something - We have to book ‘ur tickets Soon. (Future) We had to go to the supermarket yesterdoy (past) fawanber) ‘+ Had to isthe past form of both must and have to. ‘She must se the doctor today. (present) She had to see the doctor yesterday. (past) + Must and have to have different meanings in Questions. Must set the table? (Do you insist that | sot ‘the table?) Do! have to set the rable? (sit necessary for ime to set the table?) ‘+ Must is never used as an infinitive. In this case, use to hhave to. 'dhatetohave to babysit everyday. (NOT-tdhoie formust babysit everyday) Should/Ought to: express duty but are less emphatic than must ~ You should/ought to take better care of your lawn, (present) He should have/ought to have called me earlier (past) ‘+ Need/Will have to: itis necessary todo sth (expresses future ‘obligation). Need takes the -ng form or the passive infinitive {otm, The goaish needs feeding, The goldish neds tobe fed + Needn't/don’t have to/don't need to + present Infinitive: it isn’t necessary to do sth (present o future) — You needn'tidon' have to/don’t need to copy these nates (It Isn't necessary for you to copy these notes) * Didn't need to/didn’t have to: it wasn’t necessary to do sth~ Hedin’ need o/didn'thave o takeout the rash because ‘had already done it. (tt wasn't necessary, so he didn't) * Needn't + bare perfect infinitive: it was not necessary to do sth, but it was done ~ He needn't have taken out thetash was going odo it (tt wasn't necessary, but he did) eee ee ‘Asking for/Giving permission * Can (informalyCould/May (more polite than canMight (very formal): Do youWould you mind if ..? = Can use ‘your pencil? Could/May | use your telephone, please? Might ) ade something sir? * Can (informal/May (formal): you are allowed to do sth ~ Yes you can go to the party, "Could or might is not used to give permission, “Could tuse ‘your pen” "es you can/may.” (NOT: ¥es-yoweould) ee 54 + Gan't/Mustn’t: you're not allowed to do sth (informal) - You mustn't play with your ball indoors. + May not (formal, usually used in writing) ~ Visors may ‘not take any photographs. "[/Be able to can be used for other tenses, too. Ive been able ‘Remember! * We usually use be allowed to to talk about permission in the past. was allowed use o calcltor durin the ‘exam. (NOT: te i ) * We often use could to talk about permission in the ast in reported speech. The teacher sod! could use @ MustiMuste’t/C rr Cec {Couldn't + bare infinitive (present) br perfect infinitive (past) = 'm sure that sth isn't true, (eal etc.~ Sve isnt home.Suemust beat work,Suecame home Tate Sue must have been at work. She couldn'thave been atthe supermarket Rober isn't eating, He mustn't be hungry. Degrees of certainty: 100% certain ~ Sueis at work 99% Certain Sve couldn'/can‘tbe at work. 95% certain ~ Suemust teat work Less than 50% certain ~ Suemay/might beat work. er | RE | | | “+ Should/Ought to + bare infinitive: | advise you to (future) = You look exhausted, You should/oughtto go to bed early Should/Ought to + perfect infinitive: (past) Youshould/ ‘ought tohave gone to bed eary. (but you didn't) «+ Had better + bare infinitive: | advise you to (present or future) - Youhad better hire a professional caterer forthe party. + tt would have been better if + past perfect: ought to/ should (past) ~ It would have been better ifyou had hired 2 professional caterer (but you didn't) Shall/Should: used to ask for advice ~ should/Shall goon adie? | We use must to give strong advice. “You must start | exerting te doctrodto me, (an oder that Hel tobe obeyed) “You should/ought to start exercising” my fiend said \ tome, (advice which may or may not be followed) Could/Should/Ought to + perfect infinitive = it would have been better if you had done sth but you didn't Larry could/ should/ought tohave helped me with my project. (But he didn't) NOTE: We use shouldn’t/ought not to + perfect infinitive for negative criticism. Mr. Adams shouldn't have left/ought not ta have left his back dor unlocked, (But he did) 4 Check (v) the correet sentence. 1 You can't go out tonight a [its not necessary to go out tonight, bb [7 You are forbidden to go out tonight 2 You needn't nave bought me a present. m not calebrating anything wasn't necessary to bring a present even though you did b [Titwasa't necessary to bring a present so you didnt 3. Must | eat all these vegetables? a [2 }0o you insist that | eat these vegetables? b [__]is it necessary to eat these vegetables? 4 You should have picked me up from the airport. a [_]You picked me up from the airport. ‘ou didn’t pick me up from the airport. Cs wash the dishes for you tonight. + Can/Could |...? = Would you like me to ime to ..? Can/Could I give you a hand with those bags? 21Do you want * Can/Could = Why don't we ..2/How about ... + -ing?/ What about .. + -ing?/Let’s .. ~ We can/eould goto the ‘movies tonight. ber!) (Remen ‘We use shall in questions when we are asking for aout aniston i sh Tilly ad tue wh shad pte oes Cac ‘+ Be supposed to + infinitive = should; someone else ‘expects sth to be done ~ You are supposed to beat work an time, (Your boss expects you to.) ‘+ Be to + infinitive = must; someone else demands sth - You are to attend the meeting tomorrow. (You must attend ‘the meeting tomorrow) Note: Be supposed to and be to can also be used to express what someone expects about a previously arranged event. Andrea was supposed to get the day off yesterday, Be likely to + infinitivestt is likely that + clause = probably; less emphatic than should or ought to ~ Philp 1s likely to get o promotion. I it likely that Philip wil get a ‘promotion? s Philip likely to get a promotion? 5. | have to go tothe supermarket tonight. a [J's my duty to goto te supermarket tonight bb [Zits necessary to goto the supermarket tonight 6 You oughtto have bought the other si a [the other skirt was prettier. bb [JT he othor skit wasnt prettier. 7 You could have at east ofered to help a L_]¥0u otfered o help You didn fer to help 8 Me. Johnson should have told use was going to be late a [_]Mr. Johnson tld us he would probably be late and he was. vr. Johnson gave us the impression he would be on tie but he wasa't1S es 56 2. Complete the sentences using the words in bold land a modal. Use two to five words. 1) Perhaps she will invite us to her graduatio ‘ceremony. Invite She mayimighticould invite us to her ‘graduation ceremony. 2 I'm sure Nike hasn't been listening to our ‘conversation, have Mike can count have bee ‘conversation, 3 Perhaps he will be sleeping when we get home, be He mayimigiticoule be sleeaing when we get home, 4 I'm certain my mom has cooked dinner for us. have My mom must nave cooked dinner for us. 5 Perhaps she was feeling sick. ‘been She may/might/could have been fling sick. © I'm sure they aren't taking the bus with us, bbe They.carticoulan tbe taking the bus with us, listening to our Rephrase the following sentences using the modal verb given, 1) Where would you like me to put these flowers? (should) Where should put these flowers? 2 Doyou want me to help you withthe party? (eould) Goulet eto you withthe pany? 3 It would have been better if you had made a reservation frst. (ought to) You ought to have made a reservation frst 4 What about going bowiing tonight? (can) We can go bowling tonight 5 Danie! will probably get a new job. (be ti Dani's fkely to ger a new j Circle the correct answer. Vl make any sandwiches forthe party because Lynn ai @ dcn'thave to © may not ® musint 4 coulca't 2 "Did you hear Crag complaining?” "85,8 wn Rave made so much fuss" 4 should “B shouldn't © will needntto 3 svn ask yOU a question, Miss Austin? @ May —b Wil Would d Must 4 TS fav... mowed bofore it rans, needs to be © needn't ® neeas 4 eee 5. "Why dda Darren come to football race?" “Thave no i. He. ik yesterday.” @ might have been ¢ coud be oughttohave been may be 6 on danny B0 home now? as fikly that © Ought to b May ‘@) Could 7 Dora... its my bithday today. She didn't say a word when she saw re ear. 2 Is able to forget, b has been able to forget {©) may have forgotten d_ mustn't have forgotten 8 I's very cloudy today. You Reed an umbrella, @ might © willbe able to must are ikely tat, 8 Faso my license nest year couldn't get © wil be able to get can'thave gotten mustn't get 10 You realy... be $0 nude to customers! a arent likely to © couldn't b) shoulant @ might not 11. YoU un inform Mr Lawrence of any new » That being said, having 2 cell phone can be very expensive. Monthly fees for cel phone calls are much higher than those for landline phones. | Another disadvantage is that snot inpofent crack thi the reception can be bad sometimes. if you are in a remote area or an elevator, the person on the other end can sound fuzzy, or you might not be able to hear him/her at al > Allin all, believe that col phones are’a very important and convenient invention, They play a major role in mode life helping us to communicate better. 1. What isthe topic? 2 Uist the advantages/cisadvantages ‘of having a cell phone. What Justifeations does the wrter provide? 3 How does the witer phrase the topic as a question that can be argued from diferent sides? 4 What is the writer's opinion? Which words helped you decide? 61writing 11) 5 ®) Read the excerpt and the task. Underline the key words. What is the topic? in pairs think of advantages and disadvantages, Read the model and see if any of your ideas appear in it. MO ee ity and Their Children omic condton of the past 10 years have cortiosos win med ron prs ese ‘Sm Gas pool a oa nv 2 Banning soit ay on he fee of cing fons on tn clan Tho sy wf oh tlden ages 20 16 and wil exaine socal sis, ethic, and family relationships, Essay Some people argue that parents who work ae puting thei children at a disadvantage, ile thes cam that ofvdron of working parents can only bene by having thet parents Work ouside tho home. Winte an essay aseuseng Te | benefits and dranbacks of working pares. Give oxarpes, ') The linkers underlined below are in the wrong places in the essay. Change them around so that the essay makes sen: eral, ) Moreover, many children are part of families in| which both parents work. Does it help or hurt a family | when both parents have careers? sty, B) Allin all families in which both parents work might | have a higher income. Since both the mother and the father are out earning money, they can moot thoir M2” family’s needs. ¢) In_general, they set an example for their children that adults can be good parents and Successful professionals at the same time. Their children will se thal @ balanced ite of strong family rolationships {and success outside the home is possible. 4) Furthermore‘parants who work cannot spend as ‘much time at home with their kids. If they work unti five Or later and their kids have after-school activities that run late, the family can only spend a couple of hours a day together during the week. @) Firstly.“ working parents ‘must find nannies or babysitters to watch their children Mor: young. Not only can this become expensive, but it can | also be ditfcut to find a caretaker that both the parents J and children tke and trust, | 1 On.tne other hand; | believe that both parents can Work as long as they do not neglect their amily, AS Supporting a famiy becomes more demanding financially, parents must id new ways to earn enough money, and 0_be therefor their children emotionally as wel, 62 6 Now. using the same essay, rowrite the sentences 1) using language to connect the ideas instead of linkers. Refer to the box on p. 61 and to the Writing Appendix i! for grammar help. (See Answer Section) @ It's evident that many children are part of families in which both parents work Developing introductions An objective statmentisthetst part othe introducton of a discussion essay. Tho second pal! is soto g Weston that canbe debated trom two or ore sek, Example: Objective statement: Mary tamiles choose to place ther olde relatives in otreront homes Question: Wha is best forthe heats and happiness of the elderly? 7 4) Read the theory. Find examples of objective statements and questions in the essays in Exs. 285, (See Answer Sections 5 Form questions from the statements given below. (See Answer Sar 1. Objective statement: People from some cultures think that taking a nap atter lunch is good for theit bodies Question: 2 Objective statement: Many young people are choosing coaching or athletic training as a career, Question; st vn 3 Objective statement: Oftentimes, trends of girls with eating disorders are afraid to talk to @ parent oF ‘a teacher about the situation. Question: Developing Main Body Paragraphs - Advantages, Disadvantages and Justifications When wring discussion essays, we examine the topic pre hey are at work, especialy ithe children ar Very firinovnors, Weer ete following types of ideas: Advantage | Disadvantage | Justification To think of an To think ofa | To think ofa advantage, ask | lsadvantage, | justification, say yourself: In what | ask yoursett In | to yourselt This ways this a | what way is his |S @ goodibad good thing? | abad thing? | thing because [shows the Shows the | Supports positive side of | negative sie of | advantages) Jan issue an issue oisadvantages9 e Disadvantage: Choosing law as a 42) The following four statements are about the issue of kids dieting. Two are advantages and {wo are disadvantages. Find which are which. 1. Dieting may cause kids to think that they are fat, which gives them ow seltesteem. Disadvantage 2 They will develop healthy eating habits from a young age. Advantage 3 Diets are very ficult for kids to follow when they are in school or ata friend's house. Disadvantage 4 Dieting helps them avoid becoming obese. Advantage ‘Think of one advantage and one disadvantage {for each of the following issue (See Answer Section 1. jogging at night 2 being a member of more than one sports team 3. giving up catfeinated beverages {In pairs, think of a justification for each advantage/ isadvantage below. ‘Advantage: Exercising helps you stay in shape. te ‘career requites a lot of schooling. ‘Advantage: Eating out is easier than cooking. Practicing medicine ccan be a very stressful career Developing Conclusions Inthe frst part of @ conclusion to a dscussion essay, YOU should state your opinion. Inthe second part you Should offer a general thought onthe topic ise To express your opinion, use words and phrases from the linkers & language box. To offor a goneral thought, thnk of how the topic is important to the world a8 2 whole, beyond the specific aspects you have just discussed inthe essay Example Issue: requiring sports in schools Opinion: There are more ‘advantages than disadvantages to ‘making sports required for al students, General thought: Developing healthy itestyle habits at an early age is just as important as academic success. 10) Read the theory, then r 1d the concluding paragraphs of the essays In Exs. 2 & 5. Do they {allow the theory? (See Answer Section b) Write your own opinions and general thoughts for the issues in Ex. 8b, (See Answer Section Avoiding Repetition When you start an essay, you should state the topie in the frst paragraph. However, when you refer to the topic in the rest of the essay itis important to paraphrase it to ‘avoid repetition. In other words, do not phrase the topic the same way every time you mention it. Instead, think of other ways to express the topic and mix them throughout the essay. For instance, if the topic is trying new foods, you should se that phrase in the introduction, but paraphrase the topic e.g, eating something ailerent, or exploring types of culsine when you refer to the topic inthe main body or the Conciusion. This way, your reader knows what you are talking about without your essay sounding repetitive. Example: Introducing the topic: Trying new foods always makes for a memorable ‘experience, but is it something you should do otten or avoid? Advantage 1: ‘An important advantage of eating something diferent Is that you may discover a new favorite dish. ‘Advantage 2: What is more, you can fear a great deal about the cuture ‘ofa county by exploring their cuisine while you are there. Disadvantage 1: (On the other hand, when you sample new dishes, you ‘may not enjoy the meal Disadvantage 2: Likewise, i fs much easier to make a decision in a restaurant if you are choosing from meals you have eaten before. Conclusion: In conetusion, {think that trying new dishes is a good idea because it helps people appreciate other cultures, land develop a wider range of tastes. {||| Reread the model essay on p. 60. How many times is the topic referred to? in what ways is it phrased? (See Answer Sex 12 Rewrite each of the following sentences twice by rephrasing the underlined topic differently each time. (See Answer Section) 1. The government recently passed a law prohibiting smoking in restaurant, 2. One cisadvantage of exiting back on sweets is that it makes the holidays difcut In my opinion, we need to do as much as we canto raise selesteem among teens. 6364 Brainstorming for Ideas There are five brainstorming steps for an essay that discusses an issue. Read through the excerpt, task, and steps to familiarize yourself withthe brainstorming process. NATIONAL GAZETTE Hospital Helps Doctors Deal with Stress Townsend Hospital has just introduced a series of workshops to offer its doctors, t help them deal with Stress.) Even though there are many benefits to-being a doctof, it is one of the most stressful cccupations one can choose. The hospital hopes the workshops will assist doctors in handling the peSurs that comes with the job so that their family life and patients do not suffer. Essay ‘Some poople dream of becoming doctors despite the challenges that doctors face, Do the dificulties of being 2 doctor outweigh the benefits? Vite an essay issue of being a doctor ‘Step 1: Read the task and undertine the main idea. Does ‘what you underlined have two sides? i.e. does it have pros and cons? (See the underlined words in the task.) Step 2: Read the newspaper excerpt and circle the words/phrases you think are most important to help you write the essay. Then read the task and make a list of ‘words or phrases that come to mind. © doctor © wealthy stress help people » In the first place, being a professional athlete involves long hours of training and, in many cases, traveling t00. By dropping out of school, young athletes are free of any school obligations ily, and can fully commit to their sports career, To stakwth | | | | }-~ Moreover, the world of sports can pay very well, | | Addit | This gives young people high salaries and, ov example, consequent, they gain fame and often popula For instance, there are famous soccer players as young as seventeen years od who are Key payers into tars and cam alot of money fom thei Job. Fe on tne oer an, young ahetes who leave | school do not aways’ co well in ther sports That | Careers. Usualy, they are postive about the Ces) profesional future and strongly Petre that they 32. will be successful. However,*failure is very | amon, and many atletes nave to deal with his irney md sappoinimerk Addional, once young athletes Trusted «a the ae less lkely to finda good profession soneot Since they have not graduated from school it is thon ii) extremely dieu for them to get a dacent job woul! 58 because of thelr ited qualicatons nova lly. In conclusion, | belleve"Young people should Furtrermore, .9causb they net be encouraged to leave school in order to vouk! have devote themselves to professional sports. By ‘completing their education they have the ‘oppertunity to do wel in other fields apart from sports, (See Answer Sect 1. Is the topic stated clearly and objectively in the introduction? 2 How does the writer phrase the topic as a question that can be argued from different sides? 3. What advantagesidisadvantages does the writer ‘mention? What justications/examples does he use to support each advantageldisadvantage? 4 What inkers/useful language does the writer use to present each advantage/disadvantage and their justifications? Replace them with other appropriate ones. 5 What isthe writer's opinion? Where does he state it? ‘What general thoughts on the topic does he provide? What style has the writer used” Give examples. 7° Has the witer used a wide range of vocabulary? Has the avoided repetition ofthe main idea? Give examples. | 2. Read the mode, then answer the questions | | See Ans 3 Now write Task A‘© What do you like most about the beach? ‘© What safety measures must you take before going to the beach? Have you ever had an accident while on vacation? Tel the class, (See Answar Section) ‘egupnnenneese ee ——— Read the passage below, and then answer the comprehension questions. While some jellyfish are harmless, others carry a poison so harmful, it can kill, The Cannonball Jellyfish, which is ether blue or yellow with brown’ ends on its tentacles, is often found washed up on the beach but is nota threat because its |} peisonis weak? The lage Chron, or Box Jelish, is | transparent’ and has up to 15 tentacles that extend from its four corners. Its sting causes a severe burning sensation and can cause difficulty with breathing, even death. 1. What do all four jellyfish have in common? They are all the same color. They are basicaly the same size. © They can be found near beaches. They have very powerful poison. 2 Which jellyfish is most likely the hardest to see? ‘@ Cannonball Jellyfish (©) Irukand Jellyfish b Chironex Jellyish —dPortuguese Man of War 3 According to the passage, which effect can result from an trukandii Jellyfish sting? a aburning sensation b> death © sweating ddificuty breathing The Irukandii Jellyfish is so small is almost invisible,” but a sting from one of its four tentacles can cause nausea, headaches, and sweating.’ The Portuguese Man of War, which is clear on top and purple underneath,’ has tentacles that hang anywhere from 50 to 200 feet down and carries a sting that can be fatal. Swimmers can take precautions# to protect themselves against jellyfish. Look for warnings posted on the beach and avoid any jellyfish washed up on shore. The City and County of Honolulu posts a calendar on its website’ that states the probability that jellyfish will be present near its beaches on any given day of the year.* In the event of a sting, vinegar can be used to lessen# the pain. Severe ‘cases, however, may require a visi to the emergency room for medical treatment. 4 Which of the following is not a precaution that ‘swimmers can take? ‘8 Look for jllyish postings on the beach, 1b Contact the City and County of Honolulu website. (©) Obtain treatment at a hospital to prevent stings, Keep some vinegar handy in case of stings. 5 In paragraph 3, what does probability mean? a. danger temperature safety @ chanceVocabulary 3; Reade snares an hen se he words Bo tof the ks below. Travel Tips and Safety «An tnerary Isis your routes and whereabouts on any given day of your. 4, Fin: sensation / oat proba «You mst declare tems you bring into a foreign county at customs. treamment wemings SA passport displays your photograph nam, national, and other precawtons personal deta ‘© you have trouble during your trip abroad, contact your country's ‘embassy for assistance. ‘© The time that you leave on a particular mode of transportation is known as the departure time. 1. When traveling to tropical areas, you should take precautions against ‘getting infections from mosquitoes. 2 Governments of foreign countries issue travel warnings when there is social unvec in a paricuar foreign 1 Make sur you ae a sedan val peso ble tavelng 3: Aa Mik wea huna'ty aearte 2 We arrived atthe airport eary because we were unsure of our exact felta burning sensation thal persisted time of departure throughout the dey. 3 Jessica's identification was stolen, so she contacted the US. 4 Shelley sought medical treatment embassy to report the Incident. for the snake bite even though the 4 Frank brought many personal items with him for his stay in snake wasn't poisonous. Guatemala and was in customs for over an hour. 5 Inall probability, the chances of us 5 Leave a copy of your itinerary with fiends so they will know where finding a room this late at night are ‘you are at al times. sim. 6 Terrorism poses a serious treat to - the tourism industry, 4 Check the appropriate box(es), and then use phrases to fill in the items below. 7. Undertne the correct word. 1. After looking for half an hour, Hanna reported her excessiused/ lost/damaged luggage to airport secur, 2. aly called for assistance when her car started having engine mess! {rouble/hassleinuisance. 3 You have to pull over immediately. You car't drive on a(n) fat‘spare/ a deadline “ disease “ the road z awsa 7 rumors inflated ripped te 1 Keep al surtace areas clean as diy surfaces tend to spread csease. 4 Georgia went to start her car, but 2 Jory contacted his embassy to enquire about how to extend his visa the battery was silentinactive! deadempty 5. Marty and Joanne complained to Speaking the hotel manager about being ouerchargediovertstad/everpa ‘+ What are some dangers inthe ocean? Discuss. orerpoet 4 What dangers can travelers encounter? What should they do to 6 Siay ayy fiom crowded erees, 08 | have a safe trip? Discuss in pairs. (See Answer Section) Deoplejahave, been, invaded “Spe NC ea temaseac wremauesmemenmmen Plekpocketed/burglarizediralded inns places. 7 Are there any lockers avaliable for storing reasuresiwealthvaluables/ collections? 69r A 76 | CTE UTE Lame Saeed ‘The passive is formed with the verb to be in the appropriate tense and the past participle of the main verb. =| Pe | menu. | the chet. | Present Progressive Techiteming | menerbag | themenu planned by the chet imple Present Thechefplans the | The menu planned by The chefwas |The menu was being Planning the menu._| planned bythe che i ‘resent Pafect | The chethas planned | The menu has Been themenu [planned bythe chet. | Past Perfect ~ I The chefhad planned The menu had been themenu Planned by thechet Simpie Future | The chef will plan the | The menu will be menu Planned by the che "Fate Perfect |The chefwilfhave | Themen willhave been Planned the menu. | plannedby the chet. “infinitive — The cheat plan | Te mer asto be | [theme planedy tech Halves “Thechemayplan | Themensmaybe | Benen | penned yee The progressive forms of the present Perfect, past perfect, future, and future perfect are normally not used in the passive ‘The passive is used: * when the person doing the action is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context. Repairs are being made on the runway * when the action is more important than the person doing it, as in news headlines or articles, formal notices, advertisements, Instructions, ete. Taking pictures is not allowed, to put emphasis on who is doing the action. The pyramids were built by the ancient Egyptians. {Complete the exchanges using the correct passive form, Did Susan go camping with everyone else? No, she wasn't invited (notinvite). How many museums are you going to visit? Three museums are listed (list) on my itinerary. Has anyone explained the reason for the fie in our hotel? No, but | think an official statement wi be released (release) 22 o> oF 4 A: Did your hotel provide breakfast or was that extra? B: A breaitast buffet vas included (Include) In the overall cost of our room. 5 A; Ave you ready for your excursion? B: Yes, all the preparations have been mace (make) Write sentences, as in the example. Use passive verb forms, 1 breaktast/servelin the dining area/before noon Broaitast is served in the dining area before noon. 2 many things/leave/behind/at the hotel Many things are)were left bahind at the hotel 3 Dadisendito Germanyitor business/next fall ad is being Sent to Germany for business next fall 4 ulieichoose/"Employes of the Month’jast year Jule was chosen ‘Employee ofthe M t year. 5 Marciprovideiwitn an itineraryiby the ime he leaves/next month ‘Marc will be provided with an itinerary by the tne hr ext month 6 Los Angeles/vsivoy many tourists/every year Los sngeles is visited by many tow sts every year (Choose the correct answer. 1. “Do you stil work on a cruise ship?” "YES, | none BY Cruise Express forthe last two years." 2 willbe employed © have omployed was employed @ have been employed 2 He nnn his boarding pass when | last spoke to him, but he was stil wating forthe plane to are atthe gate @ had been issued © Isissued b_ may be issued will have been issued 3 Ae tip to California... to the salesperson who brings inthe ast money by the end of the month, 8 wore being awarded was awarded will award @ willbe awarded 4 “Viet is taking me to Hawaii on vacation “You're so lucky! | would tove to Hawai." a totake © take (tobe taken had been taken 5 The park ofall debris by student volunteers will be cleared © will ave been clear will clear d clears 6 “Do you know who smashed your car during the game?” “No, but a few suspects are investigating © are being investigated bare investigated investigate[TF there isa preposition after the verb in the active, it is placed after the past participle in the passive. ‘don't appreciate you yelling at me. | don't appreciate being +The object in the active sentence becomes the subject inthe passive sentence, ‘+ The active verb changes into the relevant passive form. «+The subject ofthe active sentence becomes the agent, andis ether introduced with the preposition by or is omitted, Subject Object Carla the trout. Ts Passive Subject Verb The trout was eaten Agent by Carla ‘Only transitive verbs (verbs which take an object) can be changed into the passive, {train accident occured today. (intransitive verb - no passive form) Note: Some transitive verbs (have, exist, seem, fit, suit, resemble, | cannot be changed to the passive. That building resembles Big Ben. (NOT: Big Bon ieresembled-byshet- building) + The verbs make, hear, help, see are sometimes followed by a to-infinitive in the passive, He heard the guide explain the history of pop art (active voice) The guide was heard to explain the history of pop art. (passive voice) = The verbs hear, see, watch can be followed by a present participle in the active and passive We saw her leaving, She was seen leaving. * By is only used when itis important to indicate the person doing the action. The telephone was invented by ‘Alexander Bell. (NOT: This package was lef behind bysomeane) With is used to indicate what we use to complete the action. The baby should be covered wit a blanket. (NOT: Thebaby shouldbe covered byeblant) oS Gramm enc 7b 4 * ‘Change the following sentences in bold from the active to the passive voice. A: Have they registered at the embassy yet? B: I'm not sure, Their parents may have registered them. They may have sen registered by their parents. A: Greece is well-known for its beautiful beaches. B: Yes, thousands of tourists visit the Greek beaches every year. Greek beaches are visited by thousands of tourists every year A: What a delicious caket B: Yes. My younger sister made it. twas made by my younger sister. ‘A: Are al the chores finished? B: No. Ihaven't cut the grass yet. The grass has not been cut yet 'A: Who will make her wedding gown? B: A designer trom Paris will make it. ‘twill be made by a designer from Paris Change the following sentences in bold from the passive to the 1 voice. A: Did you enjoy your camping trip? B: Yes, until my brother was stung by a scorpion. A scorpion stung my brother. A: re you ready for your trip? B: Not really, the bags are boing packed by Bill as we speak. Bilis packing the bags. A: Where isthe tour bus? B: | don't know. We have been told to wait here. They tod us to wait here ‘A: How will we understand the French tour guide? B: An English translation will be given by his assistant. is assistant wil give you an English transiation. |A: Thank you for this beautiful souvenir B: The shell was painted by local children trom the village. Local ehilaran painted the shell. ‘Choose the correct answer, 1 2 a 4 “Did you buy new sks for your school tip’ “No, everything by the school.” @ was provided © has to be provided bis provided had provided “Where's the package we were supposed to send to China?” a Aren't it already sent 'b_ Hasn't already sent Must havo it akeady been sent @ Hasn't aready been sent Over the last few years, the company charity work. a is awarded © was awarded has been awarded awarded "We saw your company's ad on the Internet.” many prizes for its "Well, Sure it ..nue By everyone then!” was being seen © was seen had been seen is seen 71rink ‘The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, ‘expect, understand, etc are used in the following passive pattems in personal and impersonal constructions. ‘AV Some believe that she stole the money. PV * this believed (that) she stole the money. (impersonal construction) * She is believed to have stolen the money. (personal construction) AV They expect him 0 bring the food. PV * ‘tis expected that) he wil bring the food, ‘+ Hels expected 0 bring the food. 7 Write the personal or impersonal form of each sentence. 1. Itis expected that we use the same layout, Wo are expected fo use the same 2 It Is belioved that the escaped criminals have lett the country. ‘The escaped criminals 2 3 Cancun is said to be a favorite vacation spot for young adults, less sate anc Is a favorita jon 301 for young ats 4 The jury is reported to have reached a decision, tis ra00y 5. Itis known that she is doing well in her jb. She 3 kn job. > 2° do 6 He is thought to be the next one in line for the position. tis tougne (ta 7 It is believed that they were responsible for the delay. 8 We are expected to arrive in time {or dinner 9 She is believed to be the best actress for the part tis 1 that} she actress for Ihe nan, Revision B Choose the correct answer. 1 10 1" 2 13 4 18 4 don't think we can vist the museum today. it wat 4 on Sundays, @ isclosing (b) closes ¢ willclose §=— close. Vdlove you with your work, but I'm quite busy right nov. a Ihelp —b that Ihelp (@) to help d_ helping “How was your fight?" “Horiblel We to fly over Atlanta due to bad weather ‘conditions. @ had forced © had been forced b_ were being forced were forced ' wish | had more time to do the shopping." “1 don't mind itfor you since you're busy.” @ doing bdo © todo 4 Ido | bought my brother a(n) car. @ toy, amazing, wooden toy, wooden, amazing “B) amazing, wooden, toy d_ wooden, toy, amazing “I'd never do any extreme sports.” ‘Why ‘of everything?” '@ are you always afraid you are afraid always always are you afraid d_ you are always atraid Dad was planning our vacation for next week, but then he to Germany on business atthe last minute, a is sending ©) was sent b wil be sent was sending ''m not sure where Karen is. She in the living room. 2 might sit {©) might be siting b- might sat d_ might have eat ‘Did you apply for an international license?" FNO. The 62 uss aFOUNd by the company diver.” a will have driven © may be driven 1B) willbe driven was being driven twill certainly be my pleasure «YOU to the party a) to escort © escort having escorted 4 moto escort The tour guide suggested to the museum after tunch, @ going b wetogo © wegoing —d togo “Did you find your lost luggage?” "Yes, it to my office by the aitine tomorrow morning.” a will send © issent was to be sent @ Is being sent All travelers ‘a medical form, 3) are required to fil out’ © @ are required filing out require filing out require to have filed out “Gan you please stop interrupting s0 | can my sentence?" @ finished (B) finish © to finish finishing Dramatic changes in the world’s climate .renyene Over the next tow years. a are to expect © will be expecting © are expected Is expected10 * Snare r ue 7. 1H1___ you were in town, | would have called you. ‘& could know had known ©. knew d. did know “I heard Lypn is in the hospital.” + call her sister and find out?” @. How about b. Do you ©, Will we Why not “What's wrong with him?” ‘Well itseems you got the new office he___by the manager. “@; had been promised . promised . had been promising «was promising problem with your crect card, sir ‘a. This sooms a b. We soem to have ) There seems to be a 4. ftseame that the “I realy miss Lor.” "Yeah, & and! & metoo © It00 4. and dot What do you think of my now dross?” fow! It realy __on you.” 2. Is looking nice © looks nice 6. looks nicely 4. Is looking nicely By the time | got home, Sam _ the secret letter. 4) had already iscovered '. was already discovering «. had already been discovered 4. had already been discovering Icouldtell___the look on his face that he was ying a. on B) trom ©. of 4. for “I quess | missed a great party lastnight.” “You 7 @ did sure b. sure did © sure did 4. digit sure You can borrow my MPS player when I with it. am finished am going to finish . finishing willis 11 12, 13 14 15. 16. 17 18, 19, 20, There s__ mall on the ktchen table c. afew 4. any “Did you fish the book | gave you? “Yes, and now Im roading” a. another . some othor one another ono @. an others people gathred around the old man that antes a. Alte >. Agroup &. Any @) Atew You know you can always count___me to help. @ on b. to . with 4. for “wnat happened to you?” “Icut____while | was shaving this morning, b. mine face &) mysett 41 wonder ___ he'd lend ms his car forthe weekend, whether that ©. how ¢. when | bought some extra sugar just__ you run out. a. inthe case . aslong as ¢. although @ incase “I never found my scart.” “You __it inthe park. ‘a must drop (©) must have dropped ‘6. should have dropped «d. had to drop Itook a____ on fst aid. ‘three-week course . threes-neek course ¢. three-woeks course 4. three-week courses “Your hairs 80 long. “iknow. I need to ati cut go to be cut c. have cutit 4. getting it cut 73* wil SoU Menu) Part | You will hear several short conversations, Alter each conversation, mark A, B, or C. Here is an example: (EXAMPLE? - ~ \ et {you vill be asked 2 question. Listen, look at the pictures, and The correct answer is C. ID D> GD A 8 cSCT md la Part Il ‘You ate going to hear four shor talks on diferent topics. Before each talk begins, you will have time to look at the printed questions. {After listening to each talk, you will hear 4 to 6 questions on it. Choose the best answer to each question from the printed answer choices a, b,¢, ord. Ifyou wish, you may take notes as you listen. Questions 1-5 Look at the questions. Then listen to a radio broadcast. 1 What isthe main purpose of the exhibition? 4 to promote photography inthe local area © to increase awareness of ecotourism € to encourage people to travel to promote the use of the Town Hall 2. What does the speaker say about the photo she kes? tis visually very unusual 1 tcaptures many bright colors. © tis of something she would not norrally ike tis an image of various insects. ‘3. What does the speaker say about questioning the photographers? @) It changes the way you look atthe photos. tis usually frowned upon. € Itcan inspire you to take better photos, d_ Itis the best way to find out about the photos. 4 What wil the winner receive? a attrip around the world © their photograph on a poster their photograph in a magazine 4. alarge sum of money 5 What can people do on the website? a buy tickets (© see the photos get general information d_ enter the competion Questions 6-10 Look at the questions, Then listen to a talk to 9 group of new employees, 6 What does the speaker's company do? provides bus tours (€) offers walking tours bb salls snacks ‘d_ gives out leatiets 7. What does the speaker say about behaving professional? twill avoid any complaints b itis avery basic piece of advice. © Iwill encourage customers to tip more, 4 tis only necessary when with customers. 8 What time of year is it? @ winter b spring) summer fall 9 What does the speaker suggest tothe group? 4 Find a route that covers al ofthe city sites. Always take notes as you walk through the iy {© Make sure allthe tourists have a good view ofthe site. @ Try and find protection from the sun at every site. 410 Wat doos the speaker mean when he says: 42 ‘Bad behavior wil encourage the tous to dothe same. Learning about each tourists the best way to start a tour © Tourists should have leamed alot about you by the lend ofthe tour @ Experiencing the tour yourself will make you a better tour guide, Questions 11-15 Look at the questions. Then listen to a tour guide, 11 Where does the talk take place? a Ina history class bata theater © ata historical site dina library 12 What does the speaker say about the men wo fought atthe Alamo? a. They wore mostly solders. © They were volunteers. © They were well-‘rained d_ They were lighty armed. 12. How could you describe the outcome of the letters? ~~ @ disappointing © encouraging relieving d_ unexpected 14 What reminds people of the defenders ofthe Alamo? a amuseum ©) asaying b aplaque @ aletor 45. What does the speeker mean when she says: 4: Everyone was wiling to fight. Only one man wanted to ight ¢ One man was unable to fight. @ Only one man did not want to Aight, Questions 16-20 Look at the questions. Then listen to a teacher talking to class. 16 Why's the teacher talking tothe class? @ 10 give advice about the trip B to announce a schoo trip € totell them about local wildlife toexplan a dificult task 17 What does the speaker say about the season? ‘2 Itis the most popular time to go camping b_ Iteneures they will have good weather. ©) Itatfects how much wilde they see. It makes the campsite even more spectaculr 18 What does the teacher give the students? a atest © alst b areport d amap 19 What does the speaker emphasize tothe students? @ to woar suitable footwear to read the handout carefuly © to bring extra blankets 4. to buy ll the equipment 20 What does the teacher mean when he says: 4 Fool at home while you are away. Take liter back home with you! € Make sure you do net Iter at home, @ Actas i the campsite was your home, 75* a: a | & Whattypes of accommodations have you stayed in? | © Which type is your favorite? Why? What do you know about hostels? Tell your partner. (See Answer Section) 2 star rating by The International Youth Hostel Federation. If you'e looking for a del on low-budget travel accommodations, consider the Barter Youth Hoste! Located nor Fairway Pat, it's within wtkng distance of all modes of public ransportaton, Stay in 6-bed dormitory style rooms ($25 pe nig) ora private room ($55 per nigh) and take the opportunity to meet eosle from all over the word 2 Start your day off wth a complimentary Continental Breas inthe ‘ining room, We aso provide coin operated washers and ders. To book online visit the Barter Youth Hoste! website at: www. baxteryoulhhstel.com/booking Hostels Gazette subscribers make sur to colect your 20% dlscount! From: Baxter Youth Hoste inquiries@barteryoutnhostecom To: Rachel les ce miles@lveerai.com Dear Mis es, ‘Tank you for your email? Usualy, candidates we consider for managerial postions nave degrees in roted swe, So, your degree in Hospitalty Narogemen pret match am very impressed with your résund? ana patti that Your worere owe oF French and Sars wil Rp You Drowess Unfortunately. we have no openings available at this time? My only saves to you sto Rep eng what yov"e cong, gery ‘experience in the tourist sector? and hope that something comes up ats sual oyu, We weep orl current and ott ou imme poston becomes vane Jack Coombes REET ca ANE RE 76 NICO eisy by Susie Walker, Travel Specialist Not all travelers look for the same thing in accommodations. So when they come tome, the number one question! asks, “What do you want to get out of" Hostels are rated by the International Youth Hostel Federation whether |) they are beautiful mansions or country buildings. Some ofthe things they evaluate are* how hightech the security i in protecting | valuables, and if they offer madem conveniences like free WI-FI, for | example. However, these are not always the most important factors young travelers consider. Infact, these issues are usually tow on thet list,> What seems to attract youngsters to youth hostels is their size, based ‘on how many international people they can meet ™, thelr faites, such as laundry rooms, and how close they are to attractions and public transportation. “The Editor ‘oy the Fel Spéctal Edition in Tis special edition sue Nonors Richard Schirmann, the founder oF youth hostes. Many young people creamy oF discovering the world. However, [tas never been easy to just pack 2 bag and head off ° It has aways been the case tnat mast young people can't afford luiry or even standard hotels. The concest of cheap hostels for young travelers was torn at the beginning of the 20:n Century. AS a schoolteacner, Schinrmann and his students ‘9 Would sleep In school buldings wale on tgs. His hosel idea ducky and he received considerable support ang donations.” With tis helo, he was abe to open the fs youth hostel. Then, In 1919, ne founded 2 nationwide youth oste! association and a Few year later retire from teaching to focus entity on the youth hostel movement. The association grew Fapicty and in 1952 The International Youth Hoste! Federation WHE) was founded. Today, it? 1S a non-profit chanty Organization with more than 90 Youth Hostel Associations in ‘over 90 countries around the word, %, bse? to Join us in celebrating the father of vouth hostel Jonny Jones, Hostels Gazette Ector Please visit our website at www hostelsgazette.com to + participate in the festivities! Read the texts A:D and answer the questions 1-10. Question 1 refers to section A. 1 What isthe purpose of section A? (global question) 4 to describe a youth hostel ® toattact people to a hostel © to provide directions to a hostel 4. to give information about discountsuostons 29 rete t section 8 Psy ld Me ie recive tis mal? Were ra @ She inquired about vacancies. 'b_ She applied for an opening Travel Arrangements @ She asked about accommodation details. 41 Fill in: convenience / dormitory / mansion / hospitality / luxury / valuables <4. She wanted information about the 4) My aunt and uncie lve In a three-story mansion that has eighteen 2. ‘The accommodations are on a secluded island, but they have every modetn convenience that you could possibly need. Emily's high-paying job and few working hours afford her a life of hostel 3. What does the email encourage Miss Miles to continue doing? a being a manager 7 teaming languages applying for jobs 14 The hotel offers a safe to store your valuabies in, at no addtional @© working in tourism charge. ‘Questions 4-5 refer to section C. ‘5 Each of the rooms has enough beds fr six people, so t's more ke ‘4. In paragraph 2, why does the author a dormitory than a hotel. mention modem conveniences? 6 Tho hospital a this Hote is excellent, staff members open lobby {2 toemphasize what ravlers look or doors when you enter and leave. to show how hostels are assessed to declare what all hostels need d_ to explain what she asks her clients 2, Choose the correct Hem, 55 Whatis the purpose ofthe ast 1 The Intometis a great place to find the best... on plan tickets paragraph? a amounts -b coupons (@) deals. d_ contracts ‘8 to prove that no one follows the 2. The hotel closest tothe waterfront comes... Focommended. hostel ist a reasonably (6) highly =e tly casually to demonstrate that some people 3 Alf the tour guides have knowledge ofthe region. fotow neat @) extensive common prior, = d_ working @ 10 show thatthe lists unnecessary On the uss nies {4 You will receive a discount if YOU... YOUF hotel reservations in advance, Questions 68 referto section. a demand cam ©) book request 8 What docs the phate mene a 5 George...» sleeping on the beach instead of getting @ room. a tolead — & towganizea tip Ss a erences 1 on how cor b postponed @ considered ng to the text, how did Me ° 6 The fery vill BE nat the pot in about § minutes. Schimenn cot up the fet yout, hos ‘a ianding By docking —€ boarding d_ leaving @) He recelved funding from others. He campaigned wih his students. © He was given the building. 4 He did it on his own, 8 Inthe final sentence of the second paragraph, what does it ets to? 7 the hostel movement ba youth hostel association 3, Check the appropriate box(es), and then Use phrases to fil n the items below. © tho Hr vt d_ Schirrmann's student trips ¢ travel Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C, tour and D. x ‘9 Which sections encourage people 10 1 The jes are isiness trp to China next week Goaomething? “The head executives are going on a business trp to China next week. op ang © 8,C,andD 2 Jim and Leah took a guided tour of the castle grounds. b A.C.andD@) A,B, and D 40 What does Susie Walker mention _ Speaking & Writing travelers want thatthe Baxter Youth ——_—7 "| Hostel provides? «+ What are some hotel features you look for when on vacation? a ee internet access «What are some other types of accommodations? a beaut! dining room | wien ype of accommodations do you prefer? Spend tree © achance to meet world travelers | minutes writing about the topic. (See Answer Section) high tech securty eS - a I° * + to say that we have arranged for someone else to do something for us. | ‘Mark had his house painted. (He didn’t paint it himself) * to express accidents and misfortunes ‘He had his car window broken bya thief Noneausative causative] ‘Simple Present | Hepacks the He asthe sultcases j suteases packed. Present Progressive | Helspacking the [He shaving the suitases. suitcases packed. Simple Past = ‘He packed the |He had the suitcases suiteases, packed, |Past Progressive |e was packing the suitcases suitcases pe |____—~Simple Future ‘He willpack the | He will have the suitcases, suitcases packed. Future Progressive ‘He willbe packing | He willbe having the the suitcases, suitcases packed, [Present Perfect Hehaspackedthe | Hehoshadthe suitcases. suitcases packed. Present Perfect Progressive He has been packing |He has been having the suitases. the suitcases packed. feck He had had the sultases packed. Past Perfect Progressive He had been packing the suitcases, Le ‘When using informal English, we use get + past participle to describe something that has occurred by accident, ‘unexpectedly, or incidentally. Hold onto your purse, soit doesnt get stolen. 78 nl Cue 4 Choose the correct answer. 1 10 1" 2 13 4 “The Stanleys went on vacation last month for two weeks while they their house redecorated “I know, they went to Barbados ~ I'm so jealous!" ‘8 have been having ©) were having b_ was getting d_ have got 1 ‘my passport picture taken tomorrow. @ have © was having had been having @) am having That old lady wile she was walking through the park. had stolen her bag her bag was stolen got stolen her bag @) had her bag stolen Mike his portrait sketched by a street artist in Venice last summer. @ has b wilhave © washaving —@ had hk |... my Boots repaired so that | can take them on next week's hiking trip 2 was having © will bo having B) wait have had been having We ‘our mail collected while we're away next week. a have © had been having have been having The children prefer @ willbe having before eating them, their apples are peoling —¢ had their apples pesled their apples peeling D) having their apples peeled “Is Lisa coming on the ski trip with us?" No, she that week.” @_ willbe having her tonsils removed was having her tonsils removed © has her tonsils removing is having removed her tonsils He nan atthe store, @) willbe having the presents wrapped wrapping the presents © been wrapping the presents d_ had the presents wrapping ett so sick lastnight, | to my room, '@ my mom had bring dinner @ had my dinner brought b brought my mom ginner my mom was bringing dinner “Did your family make an offer fr the house?” "My dad wants it inspected before he makes his decision about buying i @ have b tohas—e has, @ tohave ‘Did you have a blackout lastnight?” “Yes, ithappened while we ‘TV installed.” had been having our satelite ‘our satelite were having our satelite had our satelite you tomorrow with the details, will be have my assistant call my assistant will call will have my assistant call will have had my assistant call My brother... his shits laundered every week because he has 1 time to do the ironing, a had (6) has © ishaving havingrT Forming Causative Sentences 1+ We use have + object + past participle to say that we have arranged for someone to do something for us. They hhad the hotel booked by their travel agent. +The verb to have, used in the causative, forms its negations and questions with do/does (simple present) or did (simple past). Hedoesn'thave his car fixed there anymore. Did she have the luggage checked in? 2. Welt @ sentence in the causative, 1. The hairdresser has cut and dyed iy sisters hal. My sister has had her hair cut and dyed. 2 Luke is painting my house Tam having my nouse painted oy 3. Someone was watching her house while she was on vacation, She was having her house we 4 Sam organized a going-away party for her. She had a going away party organized by Sam. 5 The mechanic has been fixing John's car. John has been having his car fed (by the mechan 3 Rewrite the sentenc causative form. 11 A: Our guests are arriving on Friday. B: Ill ask my secretary to reserve a table for Frida J wil have a table reserved for Friday, TPL ake no 8b 2. A; Where is our luggage? B: The bellboy is taking our luggage to the room. ''m having our luggage taken to our zoom (by the bellboy) 3. A: Did you arrange for a taxi? B: The receptionist called a taxi for us. I had a tax called for us (by the receptionist) 4A: We are going on a trip to the Amazon. B: Will you ask your neighbor to pick up your mail? Will you have your mail picked up by your neighbor? 5 A: wil call the hotel restaurant. B: Ask them to bring the food to our room, ples Fave the food brought to our room, please 6 A: Why did she arrange an appointment with a painter? B: Because he Is going to paint the kitchen for her. Because she Is going fo have the kitchen painted (by him) 7A: Theard he was mugged! B: Athlef stole all his traveler's checks. He haa! stolen (by a thief. 8 A: Evorything is in order! B: The maid cleaned our room while we were out. We 12d (by the n ad 5} while we were ou Revision 4, Choose the correct answer 1) Registration and course details will announce b announced 2. “Do you have your cell phone on at work?" “No, | to my work line. was having my calls forwarded © have my calls forwarded ‘© had been having my calls fowwarded will have my calls forwarded 3. Alex was made {rom his job after it was proven he had given away company secrets. fon Monday morning, © will be announced d_ be announced @ toresign —b resign —_€ resigning tobe resigned 4 "Why do you look so tired" Tote Rouse since this moming, and | havent even done haf oft yet" a havo to clean 'B) have been clearing 5 “Did you enjoy your tp? Yes, though it was qute a exhausiod —b oxhauste © exhaust @) exhausting 6 Jon s89¢s «nhs job again. This isthe third job in one month @) to havo lost © tobe losing b tolese 4. to have been losing 7am dont ype se denny, ut hope I'l improve soon, a astasteras (B aslastas © fastas das {astike © have cleaning d amcleaning 8 went to Wor. again yosterday. a lately > late © lator latest 9 Tom son. hi ea serviced before he le for England fa hashed (6) hadhad © was having dis having 10. fet os. €nough to go out on my own a salest’ solely ©) salo defor 79| ‘a (TEE Lance eee ee 2 Victor insisted that | leave work early, ‘+ Make/Have + object + bare infinitive are lused to express that someone causes i someone else to do something, but their | ‘meaning i slightly different: Dadmade me Wash the ashes. (Dad insisted that | wash the dishes.) Dad had me wash the dishes. (ad asked me to wash the dishes) * Got + object + to -inf shows that { someone persuades/convinces someone else to do something. Dad got me to wash thedshes. (He persuaded me to wash the 3 Christina persuaded my mom to cut her hai. 4 My boss insisted we work extra hours to finish the project. 5 My brother convinced me to join the gym with him, My brother yor ms to it tha gyn wth © Chis asked me to retuin his library books. 7 He convinced his friend to meet him atthe train station, i dishes.) uae oa ai {) emember!)__ =* {8 Ho asked the agent to give him an ase seat HI Get is used instead of have in informal | speech, Canyou get your sister tolend usher ‘new DvD? 9 My parents insisted | call them as soon as | landed, iy daramts mace m n a8 500M | landed, 10 The tour guido persuaded his group to take a shorter lunch break | 5) Circle the appropriate answer. Revision | 1 {can't believe shes got you 7 Choose the correct answer. | watch her home movies again! 1 This hotels... than where we stayed last year 2 You'te so lucky your parents are a more better © most better | paving or your trp cou even much better d_-much more better hhave /‘geb my parents to lend me thomony 2 You should cover the funitu.....od sheets betore painting | 3. Our English teacher had! / got us a by > for © wih @ since write an essay about our summer 3. always avoid... 1 the supermarket on Saturday because i's | vacation too busy, 4 My brother hates camping, but ater @ too B going © tobe going d being gone a lot of nagging, (got/ made him t0join mo on my coining on 4 The boy helped the old lady... the ste. . | 5 My pernts had / got ve hac a 8 fobecrossed (b cross crossing for crossing heavier jackot in case it gets cold 5 She should... better than to bust Tom, | § Evaigot/ had her son to finish his @ have known “b toknow © hasknown be known chores before going to soccer | races © When was a aby, my mother... me in pk clothes, 7) My older brother dict want to go 2 was dressing © has dressed ‘to our annual family picnic, but my © was used to dress © would cress | ‘mom had / made hin go. 7 You need to be quit BeCaUS® sawn. j 8 I had / made the designer at work @ ofthe asleep baby the baby s asloop ‘make my new business cards. the sleeping baby the baby’s sleep 9 How did you have /-getithe teacher to ge you an exer 8 “The car is making a weird noise.” 10 Iwas hing, 30 1 got! ad room "YOU ShOUE we Before we Headed out forthe trp!" sonioe bing meus neater a will have it checked © have had it checked had it checked @ had been having t checked 9 I understand you love golf, but | prefer Rewrite the sentences using make, fe trite the sentences using mak @ toswimming b swam © ‘swimming d swim have, get. 10 1 Dad asks me to take out the trash ike and Ann are throwing a party at their house.” “sens ft Catered?” every moming. 1a has me take out the trash a Having they © Having ! Dad has me take out the trash every Doe Greeti morninga * SeluMac Me cleus rE in the lbrary is not allowed. Talk Don't talk Taking When you talk |___ decide wnat o wear tothe wedding. a haven't by cant ©. dont 4. mustnt "Do you want to go to the movies?” “Actually, 'd rather in tonight” a tostay b. staying . stayed d) stay It took me almost three hours the garage, a. tohave painted b. to be painting @) to paint d, tobe painted 1___to buy a new house. & can’ afford . dont afford cant afford it don't afford it “ ald't pass my driver’ test.* “Unfortunately, 7 a. Idi either , nother dt «. Uhavert ether 4. sohave! I didn't know Margaret was fired! I'm always the last ‘that is known: knowing who know J to know 1 ry appointment yesterday because my son got sick ‘a. should cancel b. may have canceled 'G) had to cancel d,_ must have canceled Tara, Is my bestfriend, is moving totaly. @ whom bi which © who d. where ust get the point and tell me what to do. aot b. at © to through 1" 12, 13, 14 18, 17 18 19. 20 Vd rather you yelling. My head is kiling met @) stopped b. had stopped . stop d. would stop “ann got another award" “I honestly don't know r what she does how she does it What she is doing how she is doing Tom toll him I'l bea litle late. a, called (6) should call ©. had called d. would have called Mom made me the dishes lastnight. a. towash b. washed © wash d. washing Billy confessed __on the test. 4} to having cheated ®. to having been cheated ©. to cheat 4. to have cheated Lets dance, _? a. dontwe ®, shall we ©. won't we 6. arent we Ive never soen a collection of Impressionist paintings @. fine B, finer «. finely 4. finest | think I have the car today. a. to wax waxing wax @, waxed My parents don't allow me out late at night stay tostay stayed staying ‘Some computer software is ‘complex to use, ‘a, too much bi. very much (@) much too vary too 81‘En EL 4, {Look at the pictures, listen tothe dialogue, and complete the puch Peete ted ein gras ascneprple ako ie A \ are guided tours and camping trips. One benefit of taking ‘a guided tours thatt allows you to acquire 1) 1 watt 9 wh information about your travel spot. Additionally the tours. \f & follow 2) an organized sctiectule so that you can visit many sites efficiently. However, they can be 3) very expensive, and tourists can become 4) vo1y trod after traveling to all the sites. An advantage to taking camping trips is they allow you and your family 1 §) discover the great ontrioors, and compared to staying in hotels, they are a 6) reistively inexpensiv» type of vacation. One disadvantage is that 7) unpredictable w can main a camping trip completely. Additionally, there's 8) 9 /ot of equipment io brie that's heavy and tricky to use. Guided Tour Now, lok the petures andthe idea below. Decide which are advantagesidisadvantages, Use the useful anguage to discuss the pros and cons. Refer to the paragraph In Ex. 1 a8 a model. harap aS tisk of getting get away from ‘exercise a St ero = — — Em even = oe TD a srt Wf pseu fe oes =a a = aera J ee oo, Ta — Te a a a Ronogbemas. | setmptay,.| s Sesedamee.. | 2 Sennen ieee: Sa Sreomnemmane | tesa Look at the statements below. Decide if they are advantages or disadvantages. Then use them to tell the class about 3 the positive/negative effects tourism has on a country. See Answer Soot ‘© Tourism creates employment opportunities inthe hotel ‘© Local residents can enter into the tourism industry land restaurant industry, commercial sales, and to supplement their existing incomes, transportation services, © Tourism can resuit in an increase in criminal © Roads, public transportation, and airports are improved activities, ranging from drug use to petty thet to support the increase in tourist population © Visitors contribute to environmental decine by * Foreign companies overdevelop vacation destinations throwing trash onto beaches or causing forest fre, and keep tourism profits. ® Foreign currency can provide a vital source of ‘© Local areas can become too commercialized and lose income for the iocal health and education system. their unique character.r- 4, Work in pairs. One (See tapeserio for Ex. 6 a8 an examole} CHOOSING AN OPTION EXAMINE INFORMATION Situation | am the principal of your school and the school is. planning an end-of-the-year trip for the graduating class. We have two possibilities in mind, but we ‘would like to hear your opinion on where to go. First Look at the pictures and ask ‘© What are the options? ‘© What are the advantages of each option? | © What are the disadvantages of each option? Then ‘When you get al the information you need, use it to give the examiner some advice to help him/her make a decision. You can choose from one of the options or provide @ new one. Remember to use information you learn from asking questions to explain your final choice, Finally After you have explained your decision, the examiner will, ‘ask you more questions about the topic. * Exam Practice | Speaking EE the examinee and the other is the examiner. Read the information below and do the task. EXAMINER'S NOTES (See Speaking Appendix 8d) Try to expand your ideas by otfering specific details ‘and examples 5 In pars, discuss the following. ELABORATION QUESTIONS 1. Where have you been on vacation? Do you enjoy traveling? 2. What are some reasons why people travel? Do you think people enjoy traveling? 3 Is tourism important to the economy of your ‘country? What posttive and/or negative effects {does it have on your country? § @) © Usten tothe examinee doing the task in &x.4. Find out the reason why the examinee chose one option and rejected the other b) 64 Listen to the examinee answering the elaboration questions. What were the examinee’s answers to the following questions? tapescipt for Ex. 4 ‘© What are some reasons why people travel? (What exampies has the examinee mentionod?) «Is tourism important to the economy of your ‘country? (What is the examinee’s opinion? What reasons does the examinee give?) 83By Qa | Touring the cha © sovow su ‘© Have you ever visited a foreign city? ‘© What are some things you can learn | __ by traveling to other cities? Discuss. (See Answer Saction) leplore the oldest quarter of the city of Montreal and discover its rich culture and history with sold world charm and distinct French Joke de vivre! Choose from a variety of guided tous: on foot? ‘by caleche horse-drawn cariage) * by bus + on a bicycle All cours take place daly come rain or shine! ‘We recommend groups of 10-15 people. Minimum time of walking tours? - 2 hours. Reservations can be made Nonday to Friday between 9m, and Spm, Tous are offered in French or Enlish Call now: 514-555 5555 Sponsored by the Municipality of Montreal” ‘Guess where m wetting from? Veux Montréal es, t00K your advice and took a tour of the ald town. Vm 2 traditional guy s0 | paid the extra money to goon a caléche What a carefree way to move around te city! Riding long cobblestone streets surrounded .by -magnificent architecture, gave me a feeling of old Europe, Our guise wno spoke pretty good English, told us stores and important facts about every landmark we passed. Did you low tat the Ponte-2-Caliére Museum isthe site of 2 major archeological find? | think Ill go vist that tis afternoon. oh member to tp the driver as you Instructeo?” Tree other tourists shared my ride but | didn't mind During the one-nour tour we got along so wel that we nad lunch together ata fine restaurant in Place-lacaues Cartier after the ride. The only complaint | have I that the food ‘was pricey®, but | think the taste made up for that? “After lunch we strolled down? to the Old Port ~ the view oF the St Lawrence River is breathtakna! I nave to go ~ there's so much more to see! see ya soon, Toad WL 1 the second largest French-speaking city in the world! Begin your tour of the city in Old Montreal, or Vieux ‘Montréal as Is known in French. Travel back in time to when this part ofthe city was a French colony.5 Vist the Pointe-3-Callizre Museum to learn about Montrea’s history and archeology. ‘Take a stroll? through the narrow cobblestone streets, ‘now lined with boutiques, art galleries, and cafés. Shop for souvenirs, and then enjoy lunch in one of the many restaurants in Place Jacques-Cartier, the heart of Old Montreal, While most restaurants are expensive, a more affordable meal can be found at La Grande Terrasse, which also offers a good view of the street performers and pedestrians. After lunch, make your way to the Old Port ‘along the St, Lawrence River, Have coffee at the Zoomatic Café overlooking the water, and then vist the Montreal Science Center, home to interactive exhibits and an IMAX theater. ©) When to go One of the best times to visit Montreal is in the ‘summer, Its when you can attend the city's famous festivals as long as you can handle the heat and humidity! Winters can be very cold, but there are plenty of activities like cross-country or downhill skiing to warm you up. Many tourists prefer to visit during the late spring or early fall season when the temperature is mild. Tipping Expect to pay a tip of 15% for: services? in general. Tas Fas restaurant staf, tal ives, one danas sete Language The off language of Montreal and the rest of ‘Quebec is French, Many residents can speak both French and English.!? Quebec has strict laws regarding outdoor sign that restrict the use of tthe languages other than French, So, you may havea hard time finding a sign you can read. AS fong_ a3 you stck to tourst_ ates whers both languages are used, you will have no problem.”Read the texts A-D and answer the questions 1-10. ‘Question 1 refers to section A. 1 Inthe last sentence, what does the phrase sponsored by mean? a produced by © encouraged by funded by 4 confiemed by Questions 2.3 refer to section B. 2 What did Bil say to do atthe end ofa ride? @ vistthe museum —¢ thank the driver b- goforlunch @ tip the crver 8. What dan’ the author ke? @ ‘hecostof lunch © sharing his ride B the divers accent d_ the endless stores Questions 45 refer to section C. 4 What isthe main purpose of section 6? (gio! question) a 10 give directions to place @ to provide information about a place © to offer dining advice 4. to announce a coming attraction 5 Who were the fst to setle in this area? a tistorans merchants b atists @ the French ‘Questions 6-8 refer to section D. {6 What's the main purpose of section 0? (lobal question) to advise tourists ¢ to warn tourists B togreettourss —d_toatract tourists 7 What cificuies could tourist faceoff the beaten pati? @ tunring out of money © getting heat stroke b being arrested @) reading signs 8 Inthe second sentence of the second paragraph, ‘what does this refer to? a taxon food © tipping for services b prices of meals. d_cancoling reservations Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C, and D. ‘9. Which sections mention walking? @ A.B, andc © A,C,andD b A,B,andD d B.C,andD 10 What is probably rue about the people living there? ‘They don't ke tourists. ‘They are used to bad weather. They are bilingual. ‘They are very old-fashioned Vocabulary Tourism 41 Fille: cross-country interactive / ined / cobblestone / pedestrian / breathtaking 1. The city has several pedestr it safe to get around on foot ralkways that make En 2 We stayed in the more expensive hotel simply because ithad breathtaking views of the ocean. 3. The space museum has a new interactive exhibit where you can practice landing on the moon, 4 There are several different types of outdoor activities to enjoy, including cross-country skiing 5 The historic part ofthe city has cabblestone streets that were laid over 100 years ago. 6 We drove down a scenic country road in Vermont ved with colorful maple trees. 2. Choose the correct answer. 1. The village is in fn) ‘area of Brazil, 200 miles from a major city. @® remote © spacious B vast d endless 2. We... along the tral for an hour before reaching the fal. a marched © vampled (B) trekked rambled 3 Does Paul want to go tothe festival and the diferent varieties of local cuisine? a fost © examine inspect @ sample 4 Sarah her love forthe desert during a tp to Azone. explored © discovered b rovealed d endured 5 Aro thore many important downtown area? a antique © historic b ancient outdated 6 Jake's sel tip to Atca...... is view of nature and vila animals. buildings in the a amonded © converted ©) changed 4 ted 3 Check the appropriate box(es), ‘and then use the phrases to fill in the items below. jofthe| of | of |ofno| in| in ‘crime interest | birth |return|a play] society pone [- = eee 1. Ho grow up in Seatto, but Bern is actualy his place of bith 2 We have to continue on with our plans. We have reached the point af no return, Speaking & Writing —.... © Is Montreal anything ike your city? Compare and Contrast the two places. | Is there a foreign city you would be interested in | __ wasting? Which one? Why? Spend three minutes | writing about the topic. (See Answer Section) nna meewremerne 85* ‘oo Gramm ae ota Nouns are made plural by adding 5 to the noun. chair-chairs 1s to the nouns ending in -ch,-5, -sh, 53, -x. coach coaches, bus-buses, lash lashes, kis-ksses, box-boxes Jes to nouns ending in consonant + y. crycies, ut -s to nouns ending in vowel +. boy boys ‘es to nouns ending in -0, tomato fomatoes, but -5 to nouns ending in vowel + 0, video-videos, double 0, z00: 2005, abbreviations, photograph/photo photos, musical instruments, piano pianos. Note: some nouns ending in -o take ether -es or -s. These nouns are: buffaloes/buffalos, mosquitoes! ‘mosquitos, voleanoes/volcanos, zeroes/ ‘zeros, tornadoesi/tornados, etc + -ves to some nouns ending in -fi-fe. sheltshelves BUT: chiefs, cfs, roots, safes, etc + Some nouns of Greek or Latin origin form their plural by adding Greek or Latin suffixes. bosis-bases, crisis-crses, criterion-criteri, medium-media, etc ‘Compound nouns are made plural by adding hes * to the second noun if the compound noun consists of two nouns. toolbox roolboxes + to the noun if the compound noun consists of an adjective and anoun. fying soucer fying saucers + to the first noun if the compound consists of two nouns connected with a preposition, or to the noun if the ‘compound has only one noun. motherin- Iaw-mathers-n-ow, passer-by passers-by + at the end of the compound if this is not made up of any nouns. blowout-blowouts Irregular Plurals: man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tothteeth, fousedce, mouse-mice, child-children, goose-geese, person;people (but peoples refers to ethnic groups), sheep-sheep, deer deer, Fish-fish (also fishes), trout-trout, ox ‘xen, salmon-salmon, species-species Remembe ‘When using numbers with plural nouns, the numbers do not take an -s unless thay are followed by the preposition of. Tivo thousand people/thousands ofpeople 41, Write the plural of the following words. 1. blowout 16 proof 2. computer 17 factory 3 scart 18 potato 4 swimming 19 spy oo! 20 axis 5 smile 21 wot 6 watch 22 sorvin-law 7. introduction 23. wile intro 24 spacecraft 8 fish 28 snowman 8 igloo 26 appendix 10 onlooker 27 party 1 toy 28 trout 12. hero 29° public 13. wish speaker 14 lady 30. analysis 15. mess. Revision J. Choose the correct answer. 1. suggest you before going over uninvited, @ tocall b call © tocaling d_ caling 2. That's coun the best restaurant in the city a too far b thatiar © byfar d tar 38> She ted nn. to remember his name, but she couldn't a hard b hardest ¢ hardly = d_ more hard 4 Although I've bee living inthe city fortwo years, | nun. the heavy trafic yet haven't been used to ©. haven't gotten used to haven't used to don't get used to 5. The noisy students were made... after school a staying —B tostay © stay they stay 8 Her favorite is on tonight. television series series of television B television's series series of television's 7 The students are expected ....... their reports by the end of the week. a handin —B tohand — handedin @ tohand in 8 Bois my... Brother, He's seventeen and I'm two years younger. a morecider Bb veryold © oldish — d elder 8 My brother... is Biology project fr im, '@ gotme to do is making do b hadbeen having done = d-_ was done 10 the book, | believe I'm quailfied to give an opinion on it. 2 Already reading ¢ Having already been read b_ Being read already (@ Having already read 41 Aithough they are twins, Tim has ahvays been... than Tom. @ more polte b sopolte © morepolier d too polte 42 Remember to save your work before you a switched €) switch will be switching d_ had switched off your computer.° * TPT Em remeTe er alee ued Aj Circle the correct answer. Nouns con be countable (those that can be Npanted book 3hous, or uncountable those thot can't be counted) sugar, homework. Uncountable nouns take a singular verb and fe not used with /an. Some, any, much, no, fre. cn be used with them, ned to put some stood on tee BUT: a help, a knowiedge (of ‘uv. pity, a relief, a shame, a wonder. The duokon sets yeu ent me wasa great help for my scence paper MY uncle as a great nowiedge of astrophysics. | posed my driving test what a relief What a shame/pty he coukint make i Its @ wonder that he can dance so well considering he twisted his ante carer this week Uncountable nouns are: ‘+ mass nouns (fluids, soli, gases, particles): water, bread, oxygen, sugar subjects of study: math, biology, philosophy languages: English, French, Greek 5: gol, soccer, hockey, lacrosse iu, pneumonia, chickenpox natural phenomena: rain, fog, sunlight some other nouns: advice, anger, applause, assistance, behavior, business, chaos, countryside, courage, dit, education, evidence, homework, housework, information, inteligence, knowledge, luck, music, news, peace, progress, seaside, shopping, trafic, rouble, truth, wealth, work * collective nouns: furiture, jewelry, luggage, money Note: With expressions of duration, distance, ‘or money meaning “a whole amount" we Use a singular verb. Two hundred dolors is more than enough money forthe trip. Many uncountable nouns can be made countable: a piece of advice/cake/furiture, lass/botle of juice, @ box/sheet of paper, a packet of sugar, a sice/piece of bread, a pot of soup, a cup/pot of coffee, a pound of meat, a tube of toothpaste, a bar of chocolat, « imp of sugor, a carton of milk (Remember! “Tri Brith English we say When cd you arrange your acorimedatn? wile ih AAmerkan English we say When dd you crrnge your accommo? 3, Welte © for the countable nouns and U {for the uncountable nouns. telephone © 6 information vocabulary U7 story honesty U8 _ money math = U9 hour fish C/U 10_knowledge. cocoe Could you please get me aibagy packet of chips? Can I give you a tube /piece}ot advice? ‘The teacher asked us to take outa She “The recipe asks fora Gup/ tn of four. How many pounds / lumps of sugar do you take in your coffee? I just made a tesh carton /pot of cots. \only want one'stioe Y sheet of cheese in my sandwich Don’ forget to pack a tube ("bar of soap. 8) box of paper. Circle the correct answer, 1A Why are you so grumpy? —_—_ B: I'm very tre. I didn't get (AUCH many sleep last right. 2 A: Did you use the reference book I lent you? B: Yes, twas much great help! 3 A: [don't know what schoo! to apply to B: Can | give you an ((Gome)advice? 4A: Would you lke to do any //66m@ shopping this Saturday? B: | cant, | have to go tothe county this weekend 5 A: Tim sid he ald call because he forgot your number. B: Is thoro ever @ny'/ many truth to his stories? & A: Do you want to go see a movie? B: Sure, but can you lend me any /(Gome money? Revision Choose the correct answer. 1 The chien played hockey while the... watched. a grownup —(B) grown-ups © growns-up 2 Don't call me atthe offes tomorow. |... got dd growns-ups a) willbe playing © wil play should have played will playing 3 Lull never... understand how this computer program works. a full b fuller = fullest’ © @) fully 4 My brother is studying diferent natural phenomenon © phenomenons 'bphenomeni @) phenomena 5 Why am | always the last... the good news? @ who Is learning learning b tohave learned @ toleam 6 We read a ....... interesting article in the newspaper yesterday. @ most b too © 80 4 such 7 “Do you think Mary will get the job?" “No, l dont believe she types fast enough... a good secretary.” that to become © to become for becoming d_ she wil bocome 8 never understand why she wastes So much time ....» 99 make-up before going to the beach, puting sw -toput ¢ sheputs that she put 9 When Itived with my parents, I never... about doing the housework. a wory © was worried ® wore was worrying 40. Toms very proud Of fi nn CB a red, small,new, Japanese ¢ B) small, new, red, Japanese d Japanese, red, new, small new, red, small, Japanese* Rae Unusual singular subjects: ‘+ Nouns that express the amount of time, weight, money, volume, etc. are plural, but are followed by a singular verb Twenty pounds is what you need to lose. ‘+ Nouns that are plural but have a singular ‘meaning are followed by a singular verb, Politics is avery sensitive subject, Singular and plural subjects with the same form: Group nouns (army, audience, class, club, committee, company, council, crew, crowd, headquarters, family, jury, government, press, public, staff, team, etc) can take either a singular or plural verb depending on whether we see the group as a whole or as, individuals. The committee i discussing its next _roject. The committee areal leaving separately. Plural subjects: Plural nouns (clothes, congratulations, earnings, pants, people, police, premises, riches, savings, stairs, surroundings, wages, etc) are always followed by plural Verbs. The scissors were stolen. A pat of scissors was stolen. ‘Nationality and language: Nouns describing nationality that end in ese, -ch, -sh can be both singular and plural; when the noun refers to language it 's singular and when it refers to the people of a country it is plural. Chinese is a hard language to learn. The Chinese are very friendly. Singular and plural nouns with different meaning: ‘There are certain nouns that can be used in the singular and plural with a diferent meaning. He has very short, curly hair. My ‘mother found three gray hairs. (See Grammar Appendix) ‘a Cenc 7 Circle the correct answer. The police is / aF@ looking for the suspect. Mathis are my favorite school subject. More than one personiis / are happy with the results. Two hundred dollarsis / are too expensive for my budget. ‘A number of us is /ar@ wortied about the exam, ‘The Netherlands is / are our next vacation destination. Many people is / aré going on the cruise, ‘The juny is / are moating to discuss the case. My dad's hairis / are graying, The scissors is /'are on the table. 1 Q Find the errors in the sentences and correct them, 1 tis «good idea not to ring too much ose wn reveling luggage 2 The Internet isa great place to find alot of informations. snioomanon 3 Arabic are'a very complex language. 4 Two hours aré more than enough time. 5 Eooroffic is a very dificult subject. 5 & The use of cell phones are increasing, is Revision Choose the correct answer. 1. We need... By the end of the week. {8 have the designs finished © having the designs finish (B) tohave the designs finished d_ to having the designs finished 2 am worried that |... the report bythe end ofthe week. am not completed © wouldn't completed ©B won'thave completed ——d_completed 3. He ran all he way to the train station ont... that there would be a two-hour dey. a he found out ©) tofind out b forfining out that he find out 4 The i ao Veny hard workers a ae bwas es 4 do 5 “George seems so stressed! Does he ever relax?” INO, sn does he ever © he never does b neverhe does he does never 6 My roommate has some Very... habits @ annoyed annoying © annoyance d annoy 7. We had to hand in three citron. fF Our erm papers. @ thesises —b thes) =e thesies = d.theces 8 In summer, | always look foRWard nn @ day atthe beach with my famiy @ lenjy ——b toenjoy @ toenjoving enjoying 9 Take the scissors away from the children, THEY su... themsalves are going to hurt © hurt would be hurting a canhave hurt10, Lede 14g "Did you and Kimberly go to the movies yesterday?” “Well, we intended __, but we stayed home, instead. @) to b. todo ©. doing d. do “Do you think Craig wil pass the test? Zr so! coutt it ‘by Laoubt t «| doubt not 4. | coubt so "Ym not used to getting up at 7 o'clock.” @ I don't either b. Soam| ©. Me, too 4) Neither am 1 “Who could that be?” “it____donathan. He said ne would be coming over. can be b. should be would be 1) must be ‘This documentary on scorpions is__ I've ever seen. a. the beter b, among the best . better than 4. one of best he left the office, it had already begun to snow, ’@. AS-soon b. Atthe moment © By the time di. At the time “What's that strange smell” “it’s you mention that, | was just thinking the same thing a. fun . funnier ©. funnily @ funny mat would you do if you a. would lose by lost were lost d. lose your cell phone? Ws high time you how to swim. a. are learning by teamed ©. learn 4. were learning We insisted that sho a. would tell b. tells ©. told @ te us the truth, 14 2 19. wonder Mr. Reynolds was so upset. | hope its nothing serious. aif ib) why ©. whether d. that “How ____will you be at work?” “Maybe another hour.” a. longer b. length >. much longer d._ much long She decided to go swimming of jogging in the par @) instead ©. in spite ©. because . on account Jane said | could use her laptop Vike. a. often b. atall times @ whenever d. as much aol to fic my car, ended up taking the bus to work a. I wasnt 5. Not being ©. lamnot 4. Being not Venice is absolutely beautifull We loved it we did the first time wo visited it a, moreover b. even though ©) even more than d. the more She was angry a fst, but shell get it a over B. outot c. by in Joe and Andy will spend all weekend preparing the school bazaar. a. because b. inorder to as @ for My dad the dog for a walk every morning has made me take (5, makes me take ©. is made to take for me makes me to take Prits going tothe ps. ragine ____ such a long way st oe 90 By that he went © going that he goes 89* *‘— RE TUM CAMS 90 The vilage was between dense forests and rugged mountains 6. @ huddled embraced snuggled nested My grandmother has a(n) in 1901 a. outdated b. modern «. historical @) antique The hotel provides a to the airport a. subway ». train ©) shutie 4. itt Let's go someplace close. I don't want to @) venture b. drit ©. embark 4. stroll ‘The conflict has the a. prospect 'b) potential ©. promise d. pledge ‘The pyramids in Egypt are fascinating the ancient wort, @) monuments b. memorials ©. movements , memories Deep sea diving is a great activity for colored fish. ‘a. noticing B) observing . monitoring 4. surveying The police are tying to a. predict b. track c. detect ) locate ur vacation was briefly @) interrupted . postponed ©. extended . canceled | think that the jacket a goes ©) suits © matches 4. agrees sofa that was made that can transport you too far. to become violent brightly the murder weapon by terible weather. you very well 11 13 14, 18, 16 17 19, 20, ‘Tho container is 2. visible . colorless bright, @) transparent 0 you can soe inside, ‘The photo album wasn't worth much, but the memories a. exclusive B. priceless unique , worthwhile There are several town of interest to explore around 1) points ©. spots 4. parts They {his section of the road to include extra living lanes. a. stretched b. lengthened ©. increased @ widened It you lose your passport while abroad, you must ‘contact your country’s immediately bureau embassy representative 4, council The bus had to stop bag . causing Jil to drop her a. rapidly b. commonly ©. randomly @ abruptly You must have the _if you want to return tis item a. root b. recipe E> receipt coupon Government representatives wrestied with ecological problems belore alaw. a. making b. issuing ©) passing approving tim sorry | broke your vase. It wasn't a. offensive 66) intentional ©. fortunate 4. thoughitu Do youknow the hotel oes le) valuable b. costly ¢. included @ complimentary ______breaktast?rr at 22. 24, 25. 21. 28, 30, The mark on your passpor is _ unless held under a special light. a. visible ®) Invisible ©. divisible 4. indivisible The city decided to ban smoking in restaurants. committee b. meeting ccounai gathering ‘The survey participants were selected _ from a telephone directory @ atrandom b. at stake ©. at ease dat dawn ‘They decided to start over and _ the slate clean. ‘a. wash b. erase © wipe 4. mop Let's buy a souvenir to a. inform b. remember ©. refresh @) reming Us of our trip. Thomas dit that ne had it his passport at home unt he got The ticket counter. a. think >. remember © realize &. believe would all the options before deciding. consider B. judge ©. think 4d. regard ‘The store was 60 busy today. It was complete a. gref 5) madness ©. anger 4. panic Lynn was born in New York, but she was in California, a. raised up . picked up @ brought up a. grew up From hore, we on bus tht takes us downtown, a. leap ‘B) hop ©. skip 4. bounce * Phrasal Verbs/Prepositions EE 1 Underline the correct particle. Check in Vocabulary ‘Appendix 1, Make sentences with the phrasal verbs you didn't use. (See Answer Section) 1. Has Isaac gotten by/overiatidown that bad cough that he's had for a week now? 2 Let's go after/by/toriover the facts again to see i we've missed anything, 3. Even though he was very angry, Stephen held up/ Injoniout his feelings 4 They didn't manage to keep the prices outlup/ downiin, so everyone complained. 5 Itained heavily all day Saturday. Not for a moment did it let downjoft/outiup. 6 You should look after/into/out/on the offers carefully before you decide on one. Fill in: 10 / by | about (for / of / on. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 2. 1. I suppose we could go to the museum, but mm not too erazy about 2 Depending on the traffic, we should arrive at the hotel by 6 pm. 3 The judge became Initated oy the defendant's repeated outbursts. ‘4 What a nico new sports car you havel I'm so jealous of yout 5 Patticipation in class is the key (o getting a good grade. 6 My parents long ‘or the days when lf was simple and caretree, Cirele the correct item. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 3. 1 When they met, Wa 108. fist ight ay bn co da 2 Shes Russian... bith a fom bat @by — dwith 3. Mike took it included his wife ‘granted that the invitation a tor bof —@ under dolore 4m Sony | 8. the impression that you wrote this report under outof © against within 5 no answer to your question, 'm staying home during my time ot ay bw «Ot | @n 8 The lawouit was fd... Behalf ofthe company shareholders. a for ®on c by din 9192 Formal Letters (giving advice) Plan | ‘A forma eter that gives advice isa piece ‘of writing in which the author ries to help the reader with a problem. It is usually | writen to someone the author does not know personaly. Study the plan below: Para stale problem clearly ‘© state why you are ualied to give advice Para2 © place of advice 1 & supporting details © reasonjresult | Para3 © piece of advice 2 & supporting details © reasoniresut, Parad ® express hope that your advice helps 11, Read the following excerpt and the task. Underline the key words. Then answer the questions. (See Ansiva 1. Who are you? What are you going to write? To whom? 3. Have you ever had anything stolen when you were staying in a hote? If so, what could you have done to prevent it? 4 What advice could you give in your piece of writing? 13/30! Hotel Robberies | ‘especially in cities that atract many tourists. Most of the thefts occur during the day when hotel quests are out sightseeing. The guests retun to their rooms to find most of their valuables stolen, including jewelry, cameras, laptops, and ccash. Hotels are using new security measures to protect their ‘guests and their guests’ possessions, Letter ‘You and your family have just arrived home from a vacation on which you were victims of hotel theft. Waite a letter to be printed in the Travel Section ofthe National Gazette giving people advice on how to avoid having things stolen from their hotels. Begin your letter "Dear Traveler.” Read the made! letter and see It any of your Ideas In Ex. 1 (8) are ‘mentioned. Then answer the questions that follow. tion Dear Traveler, It fs apparent that hotel robberies are on the rise. Having been a recent victim of hotel theft, | would tke to ive you some advice based on my mistakes so that you do not have the same problems | had. The best advice | can give is to choose your hotel carefully, For instance, stay at a hotel that has a safe in every room and security guards on duty at all times. You should also select a hotel that is on a main road and that has wellit grounds, as well as suvellance cameras, Ifthe hotel has these features, then you know it Is well protected Moreover, | recommend that you be careful with your valuables. In particular, do not pack expensive jewelry. When you leave the room, make sure that the important belongings you brought are either with you or locked in the safe. Do not tell anyone your room number because someone might ovethear and try to break in when you go ut. Doing these things will gjve you a batter chance of not becoming a victim: | hope you find my advice helpful. Best of luck for a safe, enjoyable, and thettfree vacation. Sincerely, Philip Myers41 Wat is the problem fr which the authors proving advice? a hotel cronds losing belongings @© hotel thet @ criminal tacks 2 Why is the author qualited to give this advice? ‘a He wtes for Business Traveler He has been a victim of hotel thett before. © He seems to know what he is talking about. He has stayed in many hotels in his lt, 3 Sales, securlly guards, and welHit grounds are supporting details for what piece of advice? Choose your hotel carefully. 'b Never say your room number aloud, (¢ Make smart decisions regarding your valuables. d- Have a safe and enjoyable vacation 4 What is the function of tho sentence: “i the hotel has these features, then you know itis wel-protected.” ‘ave advice {ave a reason for advice provide a conclusion d_ act as a supporting detall to a suggestion 5 What isthe second piece of advice? Choose your hotel carefully, > Be carfu wt your valuables. Lock your belongings inte sae Take fewer valuables with you 6 How many supporing deta are there inthe third paragraph? a1 b2 ©3 a4 77 How does the author refer to previously given acvie? a He reviews it in detal He summarizes He says he hopes itis hell tHe demands thatthe reader flow i 8 The last thing the wer does is a restate the advice (® wisn the reader wel © offerhis opinion make an objective statomont 8 It is OK to use the fst person or to address the reader diecty by using “your in an advice latter. TF 10 Watis each paragraph about? (S8' own a Kore Introductions and Conclusions 3 Below isthe main body for an advice letter about traveling to underdeveloped countries on vacation. Write an introduction and 1 conclusion for this letter by selecting the most appropriate sentence(s) for each part from the choices below. (See Answer Section) Dear Feeling Guilty, First of all, remember that tourists bring money to these areas. You can help by eating at local restaurants instead of eating at your hotel or large chain restaurants. Likewise, buy souvenirs from local artist. Supporting these counties through tourism helps the underprivileged people there make a ving, in addition, you can continue to help people living in poverty once you are back home. For instance, donate money to chats that will help them, Make others aware of the problem by giving a presentation at school. You could even spend your summer working for an organization that collects food and clothing o send to poor communities Sincerely, Katie Introductions State Problem [A The Caribbean is often hit by huricanes. Since hurricanes are relatively unpredictable, vaveles to that area often risk having thei vacations ruined by exreme weather B tis true that when people vacation in exotic places, they often encounter locals living in poverty. tis dificult to enjoy a vacation when you know that people are sutfering nearby © Many parts ofthe world are suffering trom war, terorism, and crime right now. Most of these places are not safe for tourists to vst Qualified to Give Advice [A AMter years of serving in the mittary abroad, | can advise you how to travel safely through dangerous parts of the world, B_ Having experienced bad weather on vacation before, | would love to coffer you some suggestions on how to deal with it. © Asa former member of one ofthese poor communities, | have some advice on how to handle the situation Coneusions Refer to Advice ee 1 nope you wil take my advice and encourage others to make a aiterence B._Itis my hope that these suggestions will id you in choosing a better place to vacation next year. © | hope this advice helps in lowering the overall cost of your vacation, Wish Reader Well 'A. Best of luck in encountering better weather on your next vacation! BI hope you and your family wil feel safe on your journeys inthe future. {© Hopefully you wil fel less guity knowing you are doing something to help. 93IT a Linkers and Useful Language for Letters that Give Advice Boiow isa ist of inkers and language that wil be helpful to writing an advice lete, Linkers are used in the folowing manner: linker + comma + complete sentence. Refer to the Writing Appendix Il in the back of the book for correct usage of language phrases, PART OF ae LINKERS Laneuace ‘evidently, clearly, | It seems that, as stated, as obviously, Pointed out, sometimes, itis Sate proven | certain by and | eidenvundestoodtuel " large, in general, | agreed/clear/apparent that, generally recently, curently ‘Gualfed to give faving (been), a5 a, ator | advice = many yeas of, through my. | | : | {introduction experiences, when Iwas | | Dear Traveler, my frst piece ofadviceis, | | Fvidertis, since there are so. many | Inhofe place, | th pest vice | can give destinations avalabe these days, the hardest Piece atacvice + | SOFA" | my fatto, would be | | thing about plaming a vacation i choosing |_| (main boy) for one thing, | 29000 dea, ! suggest, | | where to go. Obviously. my years of | first frstly fecommend, !advse, you | | Senerience as a travel agent have helped me | shoul, [imperative] | to develop the following tips on deciding Snother ting ti dosmy where to take a vacation. Piece of advice 2 | I.addtion, medisecond \ oe decide whi (main body) additionally, recommendation/piece of st rece uf advice is to decide what thkenise advicetip is, you should, you want fom your vacation. sar! ih imperative} choose a place that offers relaxation or Toran, or excitement. f you want to relax on the beach, Supporing Detais | instance in um | make sure there ate no jet skis to hite or (main body) particular, in you should, [imperative] | nightclubs neaby. fF you are looking for a cite words. | cultural vacation and want to visit museums Rane _ if. then, because, since | and theaters, you sn! check whether the iy) | | hotel at which you are staying offers discounts Thope tis advice hes, | on tickets and find out if there are any : hope these exhibitions o ars festivals on ding your stay recommendations are of vos WEST ena Reter to advice assistance, if you take my_ 7 “ (conclusion) a advice, by following this the weather mole if you want sun, go adicelthese somewhere that has nice weather year- recommendations, hope round, tf you want to ski, iter you should that youwil tke my advice | | | make sine your destination wil ve enough Wish reader well [sn Best ofluck, Best wishes, snow the month of your tip. Weather is an (conclusion) y Enjoy, | hope unpredictable factor that can make a vacation wonderful oF terble, 80 yon shoul research wisely. With careful planning and a positive (Use the linkers & language chat above to inser linking words! attiude, your vacation wil suey be a trip to phrases into the letter where you think they should go. Remember remember. cpr you have a fun and safe tp. ‘to adjust the grammar of the sentence, if necessary. In pais, sincerely, compare the changes you made. Y Danie! Manning 94Circle the answer that best completes the sentence. The sentence must be grammatically correct and must fit somewh the plan for an advice letter. ‘tis @ good idea to pack an umbrella, b © d | hope this advice helps It seems that First ofall My second recommendation is . you will not get lost during your stay in London c 4 In tho fist place you take my advice As stated T hope this advice helps written travel guides betore, | Would ke to help you use them to your advantage. > a Having ‘Through my experiences You should In addition to be aware of how sate itis for tourists in the country you are visiting, = 5 Best wishes ¢ Likewise MynexttipisdTadvise in a recent newspaper article, air travels expected to become even more expensive, b Itis evident ¢ I suggest Thope — @) As pointed out archeological sites are being ‘damaged by the atmosphere. a b @e @eooe ‘Sometimes. | nope these suggestions are of assistance When | was a student By and large for a productive business trip. ‘Another thing to do Enjoy | recommend. Bost wishes that you ask for a non-smoking room. > e a a ® 4 My frst piece of advice is Tope Next In generat , apply sunscreen frequently. Generally For example advise | hope this advice helps 6 * x Li oa! at — Developing Main Body Paragraphs ~ Recognizing Advice, Supporting Details and Reasons ‘Advice Supporting Detail Reason ‘used to convince used to offer a way of | used to expand on or | ater of value of solving the problem | support your advice | "ene ‘eg. Irecommend that | eg. nother words, | e.g. Some types of you do some research | lookup the bus and | transportation are to find out what the best | tran routes and find | perfect for some type of transportation — | out how much it suations but for your tip would be. | would be to renta car. | aisastrous for others. a) Each sequence: advice - supporting detail - reason is missing ‘one or more of its parts. Think of a piece of advice, a supporting detall, or reason that fits and write it in the blank. Use linkers andlor useful language where you can. 1. Advice: Be prepared for travel emergencies. ‘Supporting Detall: Keep exra cash and the phone number of the local police in your wallet Reason: You never know what might happen and you do not want your trip to be ruined 2. Advice: Confirm all of your reservations ahead of time. ‘Supporting detail: You should call the hotel and keep your flight ‘confirmation numbers in your purse. Reason: By doing this you wil avord any misurcerstandings 3. Advlee: ea i while yours on vacation ‘Supporting detail; Run on the beach in the moming or use the hotel gym. Reason: Exercise makes you feel better and gives you more energy, ‘even on vacation. 4 Advice: Plan an activity that the whole famlly can do together. ‘Supporting detai a trp to the Reason: 8) si oan paiva 5 Advice: / haratle 3c Supporting detail: ¥ case anyttin d hace Reason: Ifyou don't know how to handle a boat, it could be dangerous. 6 Advice: | scommand that members of the family Supporting detail: Pick a hotel that has a poo! fr the kids, a beach volleyball court for the teenagers, and a het tub for the adits. Reason: Wren on vacati imarest 9 I's good t0 find something thar wil in member ofthe farmiy: that way everyone wi ») In pairs, compare your answers. Then using the topics below, cone student thinks up a piece of advice and the other student finds a supporting detail and a reason. (See Answer Section) ‘© camping in the woods ‘* saving money to buy souvenirs on vacationies tiaRasisi, Brainstorming for Ideas ‘There are five brainstorming steps for a formal letter giving advice, Read through the excerpt, task, and steps to familiarize yourself with the brainstorming process. Doctors Make Video About the Dangers of the Sun With holes developing in the zone layer, the risk of setting kin cancer from staying in the Sun too Tong is. becoming greater. In order to make people more.aware ofthis problem a group of Gost6rs have made @ short {aformational vides. The video provides people with {ips on how to protect themselves from the sun, such as staying indoors in the middle of the day, wearing Drotective Cohn and putting on enough’ sunblock Beach resorts, summer pools, and amusement parks will show the video to their guests ‘You saw this video when you were on vacation with your family and feel a responsibilty to pass on what you leamed. Wrte a letter to be printed in your ‘community newsletter advising readers on how they can protect themselves from the sun this summer Start your letter, “Dear Readers.” Stop 1: Read the task and underine the main idea. This will serve as the topic of your letter See the underlined words in the task. Step 2: Read the newspaper excerpt and circle the words/phrases you think are most important to help you write the letter. Then read the underlined part of the task and make a ist of words or phrases that come {0 mind without thinking too hard about each of them. ‘san ‘an solar vacation ‘ozone doctors sunblock dehydration shade sunburn skin cancer hot clothing water protection ‘Step 3: Look at each word/phrase you wrote, and think of a postive action related to each. Write the positive action down as an imperative, or a command, ‘© Stay ouf of the sun. Get a tan. Use solar energy. Enjoy your vacation. Protect the ozone layer, ® Listen to your doctor. ‘void dehyaration, Don't get sunburned: Find a cure for cancer: Stay inside it's oo, ¢ Wear the right eothing, hot ‘Seek protection from ‘the sun's rays, Drink water. Step 4: Read the Imperatives you wrote, and ckele the ‘ones that make sense as advice for your letter. ‘Step 5: Look at the suggestions you have circled. Are they relevant to the task? Are some pieces of advice more specific versions of others? If so, the specific versions could serve as supporting details. If you feel Your lists not strong enough, use wat you have to think (of more advice that might be appropriate for your letter. Choose the two strongest pieces of advice and identity supporting details for each, Think: 1. All advice seems to be relevant, except for maybe “drink water" and “avoid dehydration,” since those ‘wo things, athough safe practice in hot weather, do not have to do with getting skin cancer trom sun exposure. ‘Some seem to be specific versions of other pieces of ‘advice: “wear sunblock" is a way to "take care of your skin” and "le in the shade" isa way to “seek protection {rom the sun. ‘The two strongest pieces of advice with supporting details could be: Take precautions when you are in the sun for an extended period of time. ‘Apply sunbiock with @ high SPF every couple hours ‘and after swimming, ‘© Wear protective hats and clothing Avoid too much time in the sun, especially when the day is at its hottest. ‘Swim in the morning and late atternocn when the sun's rays are not as intense. © Select a lounge chair or table under a tree, umbrella, (pavilion, Notice that the advice and supporting details from the list above have deen rephrased, rearrangod, and added to in order to make sense in a letter of advice. Remember that brainstorming gets the ideas started, but that you should stil be thinking of them during the entire writing process, as your letter continues to take shape.Now practice the five brainstorming steps with the following excerpt and task. Then, write the main body paragraphs. ‘Compare with your partner. i See Answer Section Dear Les Lam a sixteen-year-old student doing my best to balance my demanding lifestyle of homework, sports, volunteering, | family, and friends. 1 feel that Ido not have enough time to | devote to each of these important things in my life. My ides are dropping, my friends complain that don’t go out enough, and my family thinks T am too “independent.” Do you have any advice that could help me? Sincerely, Busy Bethany Wa sould Busy Behan doo make he le loss stestu? Hep her wth her problem by giving her some aces on how she shoul handle Bog your | leter“Dear Busy Bethany Writing B Read the newspaper article excerpt and the tasks. Underline the key words. What is the topic in each task? In pairs, answer the questions, (See Answ Letter 1. Who are you and why are you writing the letter? 2 What will your advice be? What reasons will you use to support your advice? Essay 1 What wil your suggestions be? 2 What will your supporting details and their results be? Parente Busloose The business world can be very demanding. Many people have to travel for their jobs. This makes family fe dificult, especially when both parents are working, Business trips may last several days, causing small children to be sad that they cannot see their parents for so long, ERY "you were a member of family wth two working parents who were often aay f business tps, how would you fee? Whit a leter to be printed inthe National Gzzatioin which you give werking parents advice on how to show the amis {natthey care about them even though they are nt around all the time, In today's world, most people have to balance their busy family ives with the demands of a career. Suggest ways a person can balance thelr work and home lives successtully. Give detalis to explain your suggestions, Write either the letter or the ess: Use your ideas in Ex. 8. (See Answer Section EBlist After you have finished writing your letter/essay check for the following. [TJ Ate tinkers and inking language used to make the leteressay fow? [1] Is the topic rtered to at least ‘once in each paragraph? Is. wide range of relevant vocabulary used? (C1 1s formal tanguage used? Lotter [J Does the letter begin with CA pear ane ond in sincerely, .°? (5 Doss the iettr have four peragraphs? [ Isthe probiem stated clearly in — the introduction? [the reason you are qualified to give advice stated in the introduction? oes each body paragraph have a clearly stated piace of ‘advice which is supported by reasons/resuits? Does the conclusion express hope that the advice will help? Essay [] Ate the problem and the reason for wring stated cloary inte introduction? [LJ 000s each main body Paragraph present ctorent suggestions supported by detas and expected resus? [1 Does the conclusion contain a summary ofthe suggestions and wat eects they wil have onthe problem? 97| Atthough many CUM: ecu) A 4 Read the excorpt and the tasks and ‘underline the key words. What information do they give you about: the type of wring? why you are writing? who is going to read your piece of writing? what the — (See Answax Sacto. Teen Smoking Today Cigarette smoking ‘mong young people can cause serious health problems and a lifetime of adciction. warnings are found | on cigarette packs, teenagers are sil becoming addicted at even earlier ages. Researchers are blaming the tobacco industy for targeting youth in their ads by ‘making smoking appealing, A gamer Writ a letter tothe editor of the newspaper suggesting ways to deal with the problem fof teen smokers. Give details to explain your suggestions. Essay Do you think there should be an age limit ‘on buying cigarettes? What would be the benefits and drawbacks of a law tke that? Discuss the issue and support it with reasons, 2. Look atthe two tasks, Which of them 1 would start with “Dear ..” and end with “Singerely + your full name?” (Task A ~ fete) 2. would contain suggestions with ‘supporting details and expected results? (Task A - letter) 3. would contain advantages and disadvantages supported by justifications? (Task 8 ~ essay) 3} Read the model and answer the questions. 98 an Dear Editor, ‘There {s obviously an increase in the smoking habit ‘among teenagers, with serious effects on their heath. | am \wtting to suggest ways to help reduce this problem. To begin with, | suggest that schools should invite a doctor or a nurse to give students @ tak on the subject of smoking, Inform the young about the effects smoking can have on their bodies. For example, they might not know that, ‘smoking can cause blindness. AS a result, they may be shocked enough to think twice about their smoking habit, Inaction, it might work if support groups were created for those who want to give up smoking. A teenager on their own, {orinstance, wil not ave the same motivation as a teenager in f@ support group. I such groups were created, then young, people would be encouraged by each other's example and have greater chances of stopping this addictive habit. To sum up, while the tobacco industry continues to bomivard teenagers with its advertising, they can be helped by information campaigns at school and by the encouragement of support groups while they are trying to quit smoking. By adopting these postive measures, we show that we care about young people and the problem can be controlie. Sincerely, ‘Anna Bridges 1. Why's the person writing the letter? 2 Complete the table with ideas from the letter, Suggestions Supporting details Expected results |Which words does the writer use to introduce each suggestion? Replace the words/phrases with other appropriate ones, ‘Are the suggestions summarized in the last paragraph? Is the summary foliowed by a restatement of the positive effects that the suggestions will have on the probie? Has the wetter used formal or informal language? Give examples. Has the writer used a wide range of relevant vocabulary? Give examples. Think of another suggestion on the same topic, What will the supporting details and expected results be? Expand ther into a full paragraph, 4 Now write Task 8 See Answer Section)we Revision & Extension Writing Ill B 2. Answer the questions. 4, ead the excerpt and the tasks and undertne the Key words!main 1. What isthe problem and where ist idea. Read the model. Which task does it answer? (Task 4) first introduced? 2. Whyis the person writing the letter? Lor 7 aerial ; 3. Whats the wie’ st suggestion? What supper Town Council Selling Forest detale does she gve? What wl ‘Tne lal town cour is planning to sell the last few acres of forest {the expected resus be? left in our town to a construction company that wants to bulld on 4 What is the writer's second the land. The counci plans to use the money to improve roads and suggestion? How does sho sidewaks, Many parents Introduce it? What supporting and dents are ypuat details and expected results does with the idea of | she use to support her second destroying this precious | suggestion? ‘green space and believe 5 Complete the table with ideas from the letter. that more money should be spent on schools and parks rather than on roads. | Wit alter tothe coun sharing your thoughts on what should be done | with the land. Give details to explain your choice, Stat you ltr “Dear | Chairman’. Many town councils have been selling off green space to make money. Meanwhile, some believe that there are more than enougit shops and buildings ‘and not enough parks. Discuss the advantages and advantages of selling of the green space. Dear Chairman, itis clear that selling land for development is a major issue in local politics today. | am writing to offer my suggestions on how that land could be used to benefit the town. To begin with, we could preserve the land inthe form of a park. Most of the tees and grass could stay, and we could ‘build ponds, playgrounds, and hiking trails throughout. This, way, people could use the land without harming it. Secondly, itis important to find a different way to make ‘money off ofthe land besides selling it. Forinstance, we could, hhost events like festivals, outdoor athletic competitions, of ‘educational nature tours. In doing s0, the community would, enjoy themselves and the Council would not have to sell the land to make money from it In conclusion, converting the green space to a recreational nature park with annual events is the best way 10 Use the area. The community will benefit socially financially, and poitcaly from the decision, Sincerely, Emily Hil 6 Can you think of another, suggestion? How will you suppor your suggestion? What will the expected results be? 7 Are the witer's suggestions ‘summarized inthe last paragraph? 8 Are the writer's ideas presented in well-structured paragraphs? 9 What language does the writer use formal or informal? Give examples 3 Now write Task 8 99* asesecene Read the passage below, and then answer the ‘comprehension questions. f t t "i Lead-in What types of eneray sources exist? ‘Which are renewable and which are non-renewable? Which types of energy sources do you use at home? What is hydropower? Read the text to find out WHE) the world wre live fm @ am ‘© There are four types of questions in part one of the reading section: direct, Indirect, vocabulary, and main idea. ‘© Inordor to answer the question about the main idea, find the theme that connects al the paragraphs. ‘© For the indirect question, gather information from the entire passage and interpret it (See Answer Section) It might surprise some people to know that hydropower makes up one-fourth of the world's supply of electricity. Hydropower was used over 2,000 years ago when ancient Greeks utilized a device known as @ waterwheel for grinding their drain into flour. it wasn't until the late 1700s that further technological advances were developed, but its basic process has not changed much since its initial development. Hydropower works by incorporating three types of energy.” Kinet, mechanical, and electrical. As water flows down a river, the force of ts motion is strong? enough to move heavy objects. This nalutally occurring force is known as kinetic energy, which is also the diving force behind wind power.* To harness this kinetic energy, engineers buld a dam with a turbine ~ large cular object wih biades - and the turbine spins as wator ‘lows over the blades. The eneray created from spinning is called mechanical energy.’ Attached to the turbine is a generator, which has @ magnetic shaft that spine with the turbine, creating electical energy. This energy is then {ransmited through power lines to homes and other buildings. Hycropoweris a fairly safe process, since unike coal, natural gas, and nuctear power, it does not pollute the environment. However, hydropower plants depend on dam construction, which can interfere wit rivers and the ecosystems that rivers support. Additionally rivers must have enough rainfall and some elevation in order to create the kinetic energy required to activate the turbine.” This is the reason hydropower plants are more common in mountainous regions of the world. eel 2 In the second paragraph, what does incorporating 1. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the text? (global! questo a Hydropower is an old and therefore outdated source of energy. b Hydropower can only be used in certain parts of the world. Hydropower sa simple, clean way to produce energy. Hydropower interferes with rivers and animal habitats. ae) 100 © producing building a flowing (B) bringing together 3. What type of power shares a common characteristic with hydropower? coal power © wind power b naturat gas d_ nuclear powereS * 10. 4 How is mechanical energy created? 3, Match the words to form phrases, and then use them in the fas objects low down a river sentences below bby placing a magnet near a turbine [115] toxic a warming [41] ozone 4 ain Oot aeng sea © oriasty pent rough power uiban waste [EL] acd ots tree SIE] otbat © sprant tye 5 What ts nt recor) fr ceating 1 Fos es, sucha coal, ol and natural gas, ae nonserenabie Kinetic eneray? Sourcos of sre 2 Tha ninth zor lye ls fn ham adaton om cuter strong river flow rainfall @ the creation of a dam dasteep slope space. 3 Toxic chemicals in the air aro a major cause of ace rain 4 The government is making new policies to limit the growth of urban spraw 5 As temperatures continue to rise, global warning becomes a greater threat TET Ela 5 Some factories are dumping toxic waste into oceans Environmental Issues A Circle the correct tem | 4. The'oldaiport Was swe 0 make way fr @ new park j Fl In aovances/ lectty | process @ detested (b) demolished ¢ decreased od docayed eneratr / supply / force Senecair /oupesy ie 2 Carpooling reduces car emissions. 1 The mayor's new policies are the @ constantly () significantly © consequently offcialy ativing force behind pollution 3. When plants and animals... they change to adapt to thet j eleanup inte cy suroundings. 2 Teorey went of nour hese @ evove b expand evade 4 explain ast right due to a power outage 3 Over the your, tecnoagtal 4 Recjelng Re he amount of garbage in an tes, dvanoes have allowed us to better @ ‘reflected (b) reduced released detained uiize power plans 5 The warming sign was posted as a safety 4 My parents take a. portable @ selection b regulation (©) precaution d_variation generator with them on camping 6 The speaker the audience about preserving wildife habitats trips so that they have a source of @ attended (6) addressed © approached arranged electricity 5 Dam construction is a stow, lengthy process that takes years, 6 There is an endless supply of solar ower waiting tobe utilized, 5 Check the appropriate box(es), and then use phrases to fill n the blanks below. transplant transmit lransport, 2 Underline the correct word. ous % people 1. The power plant explosion was a radio signals ‘oribie damage/disaster. a 2 Airica receives a lot of aid for famine/ nee starvation rai ) goods 3 The Brazilian government is working top poop tom destoyng so faene fom eesvoyng 1 Nowadays, ts common fr of ant ogars sth a lungs and kidneys, 2 With today’s advances in technology, you can now transmit radio signals via satelite 4 The world’s fish population is being Contaminated/polluted by waste that's dumped into the oceans, Manufacturing plats sa procass ‘hatharmsinjures the enitonment. Speaking ‘What problems do we face today concerning energy sources? * Is it acceptable to interfere with nature to benefit our needs? Discuss in pais. ‘© What can we do to protect nature? Discuss as a class. (See Answer Section,* 0 Grammar __ Reported Speech ‘+ Inreported speech, personal pronouns and possessive adjectives/possessive pronouns change according to the meaning of the sentence. Todd said, Tm going on o field tep wth my clos.” Todd said (that) he was going ona fd trip with his css. ‘+ We can report someone's words either @ long time after they were said (out-of date reporting) ora short time after they |were sid (up-to-date reporting). Grune ‘+ We usually report someone's words a long time after they were said. in this ‘case the introductory verb is in the simple past and the tenses change as follows: ~~ Simple Present > Simple Past | “I want to reduce | She said (that) she | waste.” wanted to reduce waste Present Progressive -» Past Progressive "We are saving | They said (thot) they the animals” | weresaving the animals. Present Perfoct -> Past Perfect /"Thave handed [He said (that) he had | out the Ayers.” _|handed out the fers. ‘Simple Past ~ Simple Past or Past Perfect > ‘She said (hat) she “enjoyed the | ” jenjoyed/had enjoyed | — the scenery | | Pant Progressive —> Past Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive They were | They said (that) they searching fora | were searchng/ had been eure” searching for a cure. Future (will > Conditional would) *T will volunteer ot | He said (that) he would the shelter: volunteer at the shelter + The past perfect and past perfect progressive remain the same. The verb tenses remain the same in reported speech when the introductory verb is in the present, future, or present perfect, (She always says, “I care about ‘our planet." - She always says she cares about our planet.) or when the reported sentence deals with conditionals type 213, wishes, or unteal past. “! wish he were here,” she soid ~ She said (that) she wished he were there * Certain words, time expressions, and rmodals change in reported speech. (See Grammar Appendix 10b,) 102 41 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 1 “We are closing a deal with a major company today,” the manager ‘announced, - The manager announced (that) they were closing 2 cieal with 2 major company that day 2 “Ive never read any of Shakespeare's plays,” Alex told me, 3 "You don't need to bring your history books to class every day," the teacher told her students, feacher Iokd her seucents tral th 4 "Joe will help you with your work if you want.” she fold me. 5 "The Petersons had booked a room three months in advance before coming to the island," the hotel receptionist sald. - Ie ote 6 “ana was wg gan uch wih yu tis morning." my rotor told me. — My 5 7. "Tne Prime Minister will not make any further comments,” the Press Secretary said. - Tho serait hat) the Are Sally forgot to tell you about the changes in the schedule,” Pam said to Tom. — Pan ole fom (that) Say han orton 10 rel hie a 40. "Bloomingdale's is having a great sale on winter clothes,” Helen told her fiends. - + 7 2. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech 1. “Ihave beon working for the same company for thirty years,” my uncle says proudly to everyone. My uncia says proudly to everyone Ithat) he nas been working forthe same company for thicy yea 2. “The last time Mr. Davis came to the office was two weeks ago,” the receotionist informed the police. — The = 3. “You must submit a S00-vord essay by tomorrow.” Professor Bats told his class, 4 "No one ever understands met” my teenage daughter avays says. 5 “Jane will never ove away ay secre, Gary to Stewart — 16 “Hfyou don't come on time today, wo'll eave without you," she told Bob, — Si Yo mati on tie that say. they'd 7 "She can sign the papers when she comes to the office,” the assistant told him. 2st hal) she could sign the 8 "You must have caught the wrong bus," Penny told Steven. — 2 9. “I want these emails printed now!” the boss said, - Fe boss sai 410 "We saw his new play last week,” my sister said. — ly 5(emer = tr the wiormation (s sll tre at the Troment of speaking or wring, we do [oc"mate ary changes to the time Sepresons. “tm leaving forthe county ‘coorrow Ph sid. Pil said he wes | teong forthe country tomorrow (oo When we report someone's words a short time after they were said, the tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech. “!'m organizing a food dhrve,” Marc told us. ~ Mere told us (that) he ‘sorganiting/was organizing a food drive. (ok + Reported questions are usually introduced with ask, inquire, wonder for want to know. The question mark and words/expressions such as please, well, oh, etc. are omitted. The verb ‘tenses, pronouns, and time expressions change as in statements. “Oh, will you ‘answer the phone, please?” - He asked me whether would answer the phone. ‘+ When the ditect question begins with a question word (how, who, where, When, what, why, etc), the reported {question is introduced with the same question word. “Where is the 200?" ~ He asked me where the 200 war. *+ When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be, do, have) or modal verb (can, may, etc), then the reported Question is introduced with If of whether. She asked, “Do you recycle at home?” ~ She asked me iftwhether | ‘recycled at home, 3} Turn the questions in bold into reported speech. 1 ‘What are you reading?” she asked him, ‘She asked him what he was reading 2 "Do you shop online?” Bill asked me. Bill asked me ifwhether | shopped niin PE cee mn” 3. “Are you doing anything this weekend?” Ann asked, Ann asked fiwhether | was doing anything that weekend, 4 “When will you hand in your reports on animal rights?” the professor asked us. The professor asked us when we would hand in our reports of ani ight 5 ‘Who was knocking at the door this morning?" Mom asked ‘Mom asked who had been k at the door that morning. 6 “Why did you buy a hybrid car?” Tony asked Jerry Tony asked Jery why he had! bought a hybrid car 7 “Where shall we start?" the kids asked. The kids asked whore they should star. 8 “What can we do to help?” she asked, kd do fo help asked what they Revision A) irc the correct answer. 1 “Are you against woarng fur?" asked Carl Ho asked me. | was against wearing fur @ whetrer what © why that 2 “Are you worried about the smog in our city?” He nf | Was wortied about the smog in our city. a said b told ©) wondered —d_ would 3-1. pickthem up from the airport. They had arranged to take a tax a needn't have to © had to B) didn't need to 4 could 4 She asked how much why they were giving as a donation to Greenpeace. © where dif 5. THOUSA....«the word's leading producer of energy a we Bis © isbeing dare boing 6 Monica said she... leave earl because she had aight to catch a wil b can © Iwgongto @ hadto 7 Be careful with what you say about her work, She is easily disappointed © easily disappoints easilyis disappointed disappoint easily 8 "Why is Georgia moving from the city?" “She told me she... the nolse and pollution anymore,” a can't stand © couldn't have stood didnt stand hadn't stood 9 How often... tested? have you have your eyes (@) do you have your eyes your eyes have 4 had you have your eyes 10 Don't be so stressedl Mr. Newman said we as teres plenty of timo. @ haveto —b hadn't @ didnthaveto d would have to do this immediatoly 11 According to the law, We ...... Wear a seat bet in the car a might, b should ¢ can @ must 1038 ea eh unien Citteneerr cic + To report commands or instructions in reported speech, we use the introductory verbs order or tell + sb + (not) to- Infinitive. “Turn off the lights when you leave room!" Lory tld him. - He tld him toturn off the lights when he lft a room, + To report requests, we use the introductory verbs ask or beg + sb + (not) tovinfinitive. The direct sentence usually contains the word please. “Reuse those plastic bogs, please," Matt told him. = Matt asked him to reuse the plastic bags. + To report suggestions, we use the introductory verb suggest + -ing form/ that sb (should) + bare infinitive "Lets preserve the natural habitats, "| Said. - | suggested preserving/that we should preserve the natural habitats (See the lst of introductory verbs used with reported speech in Grammar Appendic 10c.) 5 Write a diferent introductory verb for each item below. Then, turn the ‘sentences into reported speech. 1. “Don't forget to call Jenny,” Petra sald to him, remind She reminded him to call Jenny, 2. “Why don't you start by putting recycling bins in all the offices?” she told me. suggest She suggested that / rt by putting the oftees. 3. "Sorry | arrived so late,” he said, apologize He apologized for ariving so ‘ate 4 “Ihate driving in trac!” she said omplain She about dnving in watt 5. °Can you please repeat the question?" John asked his teacher. ask John asked bis teacher to repeat the question. 6 “Please help us save the polar bears!” the WWE representative sald encourage The WWE representative encouraged us to help them save the polar boars. plained 7 ' haven't heard anything about the oll crisis,” Tony said, “We will use recycled products from now on!” they sald, Revision 6 Cite the corect answer. 1 10 " 2 13 4 He... me to be careful with the antique vase, a) begged —-b refused © informed claimed She Us that the next Conservation Society meeting would be ‘on Monday. @ Invited —) Who won ar & Who win Who does win 42 Lam realy looking forward nn. t0 Lynn's party {| Match the letters to the numbers. @ togong b togo ¢ gong d go 13 Iregret toher ik that. Yoel awful now. [215] where? 1 Our teacher. a totak —b tak © taking fortalking 2 Th . [TZ] How tong? 3 Three weeks. @ Dozens b Onedozen © Dozen d Adozen (15) way? 4 Two pounds. : fz[t How otor? 5 Atrome, 15. Suelet work today because she wasnt feeling wel a caries b socariest ©) earlier more eatfer [EE] wren 6 Because [312] How much? 7 Tomorrow. [R[z] wnecer 8 Maye‘Tag questions are short questions at the end of statements, They are formed with the auxiliary or modal verb from the main sentence and the appropriate subject pronoun. When the verb ofthe sentence isin the present or past simple, \we form the tag question with do, does, ‘or did and the subject pronoun. Susie eft ‘an hour ago, didn't she? {A positive statement is usually followed by @ negative tag question, and a negative statement is followed by a positive tag question, she likes roses, doesn't she? She doesn't ike roses, does she? When the sentence contains a word with a negative meaning like never, hardly, seldom or rarely, the tag question is positive. Larry never drinks coffee, does he? Some verbslexpressions form tag question differently. Study the following examples: 1am -+aren’t 2 = 1am late, arent? = Imperative -> willwon't you? ~ Give ime a pen, willwon't you? ~ Don't-+ will ou? ~ Don't tlk, wilyou? ~ Let's -+ shall we? ~ Let's go, shall we? = Ihave -+ don't You have enough ‘money, don’ you? ~ There is/are -+isn'varen't there? - There’ alot of traffic today, isn't there? = This/That is + isn't it? ~ That's your cor ist? ~ Everyone/Someone/Anyone/ No one ~ they? - Everyone signed up for the positon, didn't they? + NOTE: Tag questions can also be affirmative-affimmative, If said with a rising intonation, we ask for more information. she i abuays sleeping. is she? IF said with a falling intonation, we express negative feelings such as clsappointment or disapproval. We don't expect any answer. Heil be late, wil he? Echo tags area response to an affirmative OF negative sentence. They are used in everyday speech to ask for more information or to show confirmation, ‘concern, anger, interest, surprise, et He callec-He di, didn't he? (confirmation) He ct cole didn't, dhe surprise) (Remember! In American English, when we use have Set in a sentence we form the tag Guestion with do. 'vegot time, don't? Lit: Choose the correct tag question, 1 10 Let’s not go to the supermarket today, will we/shall we? I'm too tired. Someone called the repairman, didn't they/didn’t someone? We reed the fax machine fixed immediately, Lend me some money, will youlare you? I'm broke! She hardly touched her food, did she/didn't she? ‘The Mayor wll open the new hospital, won't he/doesn't he? You have enough information for your research, have you/don't you? If not, you can always go to the local library. You and | are the only ones working today, aren't Varen’t we? Everyone else has the day off, ‘You con't have to go to the post office. That's Adam's job, Isn't thatiisn't I? She has a lot on her mind, doesn’t she/isn't she? That's why she looks so worried al the time. ‘You were here yesterday, weren't you/didn't you? | didn't have the chance to see you at all Revision 5 iol the correct answer, They seldom go out 2 a dontthey (B dotey © didthey d didntthey Tm taller than you, 2 a ae! b aminot! © ot! @ aren't! Lets goto the theater tonight, 2 a dontwe (6 shalwe © wontwe d arentwe He New York twice last month 2 would go to wont to bused to goto gotused to Tun nthe tlOVsiON, en snnen? wil you b dontyou ¢ doyou d_arenttyou You have a red car, 2 @ haven'tyou b won'tyou @ don'tyou d aren't you There's an old farm there, 2 @ isntihere b dontthere © isntit hasn't thoro Tim yesterday 10 " 2 13 4 15 had serviced his car had his car serviced © had his car been servicing had his car to be serviced She used tobe your neighbor. 2 @ wasnitshe b usedshe © did she @) didnt she Everyone came tothe pat. 2 a ddtiey didnt they © didhe didnthe Don forget wrt 0 Me, nnn? a dontyou b doyou €) wilyou d wontyou Dr. Larson recommended that | swimming. notgo—B gonot not d- amnotgoing Frank iain the hospital, @ isnthe —b isntFrank (@) ished ie Frank ' about going to Italy this summer. What do you think? @ thinking —-b could think ¢ think — @) am thinking Come on, Mom Let her come with US, ..cssnu? @ dontyou 6) won'tyou ¢ doyou d couldn't you sae| * a oe eae or ee Sp mt tiv are eer mew teste x “ly ‘Remember! “if object questions if a verb is followed bya preposition, the preposition usually ‘comes at the end of the question. Where 's that noise coming from? + We use indirect questions when we ask for information politely. The word order in indirect questions isthe same as in the statements (subject + verb). Indirect questions are introduced with question ‘words (who, what, where, etc) or with itywhether. ~ Direct question: What time isi? Indirect question: Could you please tell ‘me what time itis? ~ Direct question: Has Phil finished his Indirect question: Do you know iff ‘whether Philip has finished his exercise? Indirect questions are usualy used after the following expressions: | don't know. -lt'd like to know .. need to find out ../V'd like to find out -1Do you know ..?/Can/Could you tell me ..2/Can/Could you explain ..2/Have you any idea ..? If the indirect question is part of a question, we put a question mark at the end of the sentence. IFitis part of a statement, we put a period, ~ Direct question: How do you get to the hospital? Indirect question: Could you explain ‘how you get tothe hospital? ~ Direct question: Should calla plumber? Indirect question: !wonderitwhether should calla plumber. 112 M41} CET Esteli G Write questions for the following statements. The words in bold ‘should be the answer. 1 When aid we go to the 200? We went to the z00 last week, How ald they travel to Haly? ‘They traveled to aly by ship. Whose car's Tor using? Tom's car has broken down so he's using his father's. Who ds Mary 00K? Mary gave Jack a new book Who came by you 590 you last week? B: Our old teacher came by our school to s9e us last week, > 2 Oe or 7 900k 10/79 whew ac May Complete the sentence with an indirect question using the words in parentheses. 1 A: Is Melissa stil feoling nauseous? B: Yes. | wonder whether ! should take her to the doctor. (whether) take) What ime is it? Why do you keep asking me wat tine 5? (whatibe) We need more information on this company. I wonder /:! 145 a website. (ifhave) Mom, why can't we have a swimming poot? : Do you have any idea ‘iow mich + 2057 to build one? (how ‘much/cost) Could you tellme ow 934" an get to the museum? (howiget) I's easy! Turn left atthe next intersection. ee eror @e Gircle the correct answer. wonder $00 a travel agent. should | © I whother should BHI should 4. should Do you know invited? a is Sam © should Sam bo has Sam been @ it Sam has been Where 2 8 Mrs. Anderson's office's. ie Mrs. Anderson's office bs office Mrs, Anderson's. dM. Anderson's office We need to find out tonight. 3 it they are coming © do they come are they coming could they come Do you have any idea about? @ whatisthis (B what hiss ¢ isthis d_thisbe A ike to find out who is that woman © who is woman () who that woman is who woman is | don't know a arethey © where are where are they © where they are Would you please exolain happened yesterday? what sb whether eit how to open the safe. a How do © I don't know ® | wonder how wonder it> Sear Meee Ee syoushoule\thave spoken to Lary ike that yesterday 11. "Did you speak to Andrew?” sc anow. regret so rude" “No. He ‘nap when I called.” ‘a that | Rad been a. took & tohave been ©) was taking raving boon . had taken © abe @. had been taking Excuse me, coud you please tll me where 12, The __restoom is down the ht a. the post ofce located @ women's b. is located the post office 8. women isthe post office located . womens! the post office is located 6. womens +5, whenever you dump garbage in the river, not only 13. “Brenda won tickets to see U2.in concert!” the water, but you also harm the fish. “Wow! She be excited!” di you polite a. would 8) do you polite b, may ¢. you will pollute could 2. you ae polluting must 4. The concert__ due to technical iticuties. 14. Aucrey__ atthe same address for over ten years now. @ nad tobe canceled a Wes ». itwas canceled 1) has been living hadi canceled will be ving 4. canceled 6. was tving 5 your help, | would have lot my job. 15. That's the woman __ house burned down last summer. wouldn't have been for a. who's 1. wasn't (©) whose hadn't been for . of which the needn't have been for 4. ofthat imy glasses anywhere? 61 smoke coming from the backyard saw a am smeling been sesing b. have smelled seeing © smot seen 4. have been smeting bet Thomas makes a lot of money.” 17, Angelina and Diana are such good students that ‘Actual, he's not as 28 you think he is." should worry about the final exam. a. paid well a. ether of them (©) well pais © neiter of them . well paying none of them 4. paying wel 4. any ofthem “Jennifer had a baby 18. “love white chocolate. wonder 4 : 1. Who does she look fke @ do too (®} who she looks like b. do either ©. tho looks like her « do 4. whois ke her 4. doso 8. Do you know what to do ofan emergency? 19, “Why were you so late yesterday?” @) incase “My car broke down so | up waking. B. in spite @ ended © inacase b. was ending d. as aresult | chad ended 10. wish it snowing, | 6. wilend 2, to be stopped 20. ‘Thank you so much for _ the helpful advice you gave. b. stop a. alotof © would stop b. much of 6 to stop many of @ a 1131 1alf speaking { ®) Look at the mindmap. Which of these problems does your country face? : 14 In pairs, think of another cause for each problem with an extra blank. ‘caused intentionally growing urban areas eohensctetion ,_ clearing land for farming a increased air travel automobiles «il diling machines break/pipes leak oe illegal hunting improper disposal ') {Listen and fill in the blanks in the mindmap with an additional cause. See if any of your ideas in Ex. ta are ‘mentioned. Use the ideas in the mindmap and the information you heard in Ex. 1b to give a two-minute talk about environmental problems and what causes them, Use the language from the box to help you. Listing/Adding Points Fist, First of al, . Second, Second of al, Another point is More importantly, ‘Additionaly, Finally, In conclusion, |) Look at the pictures and the problems. Come up with a second solution for each problem. Explain your reasons. Listen to the dialogues and check. Problem: air poltion in cites Problem: dotorestaton | Problem: too much garbage Solution 1: use public transportation Solution 1: help plant new trees Solution 1: recycle "Solution 2: Solution - Solution 2: Offering Solutions(Giving | Agreeing) Reasons Disagreeing Speakat reasonable pace andvolume, end avodlengpauses, [One ting you car 40° « ars To prepare for the exam, practice with a friend. help is... because/sinoe het | That’ ight. + Another good idea is poate | agree (th that | Workin pairs. Using the topics in Ex. 3 and the language in © A.g00d solutontothe | * Youve gota 1] the boxes, offer solutions and give reasons, as in the problem is Paint there. | example oe “hat way, + Tse wnat you © | (also) think that mean, but A: What can we do about ar pollution inthe city? We) # I dont thin 8: al, nk thar we can se pute ransporaton more. hatway, | that’s tueiyou're ther wl be ass paltaton caused by car, What do Tank would bea good | ign, 4: agree. It would help reduce car emissions. We couid also ees becaleeSer are cary the examinee and the other is the exa iner. Read the information below to do the task, (Soe tapescapt for Ex. 7 as an example) HELP SOLVE A PROBLEM EXAMINEE INFORMATION \Work in pairs. On situation {am an environmental consultant working to solve a problem. By problem is and give some good advice. | First Look at the pictures and ask: © What is the problem? ‘© What are your options? ‘+ What are the disadvantages to each option? king me the following questions, find out what the Then When you get al the information you need, use it to give the examiner some advice to help him/her with his/her problem. You ‘can choose from one of the solutions or provide your own solution. Remember to use information you learn from asking ‘questions to explain your ideas, Finally After you have shared your solution, the examiner will ask you more questions. about the topic. In pairs, discuss the following. (See Answer Saction) 7. @ sen tothe examines doing the task in ELAR ONAN OERTENS Bx. Sand anewer the following questions, ‘What problems does the examinee believe exist in the environment? (What examples does the ‘examinee give?) © What solutions does the examinee suggest for helping with environmental problems? (What reasons does the examinee give for each suggestion?) * What does the examinee suggest governments 4o to prevent environmental damage? (What reasons does the examinee give for each suggestion?) 1 Does your city have a problem with alr pollution? Does Your community have any programs that help fight air Pollution? What other problems is your city experiencing oncatning the environment? How often do you think about the environment? What can you do to help? Do you thnk that pollution is a global problem? What ‘ean governments do to prevent futher damage tothe environment? U5: Lead-in ) © What is a wildlife park? Have you ever visited one? It yes, what did you ike best? If no, would you like to vista wildlife park? Discuss. ‘© How can we fearn about animals? | AJ "To: manager@helenactyze0 com ‘rom: hanson w/ldfereseachfouncation com ‘Subject Widife Photographer ofthe Year Set Up | Dear Ws. Emly Brasher, We are looking forward tothe event atthe Helena ‘ty 200 this weekend! 1am emating to confirm thatthe setup team forthe Widife Photographer of the Year event vil b€ ‘ariving at 9m, on Friday morning My team nas ensured me tat everything is ready to 90. 50 Set up should not take any longer than 2 hours ‘Thank you for your cooperation, Sincere, Merecth Hanson, Events Manager wisatire Photographer of the Year iimars coe pores Cea annual Wildlife Photographer of the Year Award is taking place at the Helena City Zo. Requirements: © Have a passion for wildlife * Have dnowledge of the animal_ being photographed © The picture must be taken in the animal's natural habitat. ‘The team of judges willbe under the supervision ‘of Sam Coltrane, editor of the popular magazine Wilaife Photography, and last year's amateur winner, Terry Hook. ? ‘This year’s prizes are a full page spread in Wilatife Photography and a safari photography adventure vacation.? Think you've got what It takes? To apply, visit: 12a |Misitingawildlife © Judge Profile: Terry Hook Terry Hook9 10 started his career in photography after winning the Wildife Photographer of the Year award Mr. Hook, a zoology graduate, took the winning picture while on a trp studying chameleons’ mood changes "in South africa. He seys that despite never picking up a camera before, he discovered his true passion: wildife photography. “I was really happy to get the photo opportunity, owever the chameleons didn't seem too pleased: He says that it has become a race against time to ensure the preservation of animals. It is his job to make people aware of the dangers of losing certain species forever. He describes the refuge parkas a paradise for many animals that face the continuing threat of extinction. Mr Hook is delighted tobe returning to the competition this year as a judge. He says, “there couldn't be a more fitting setting than the grounds ofthe city 200 for this years competition.” © “Guestions from Readers Gris i true that chameieons change color to blend in with their ‘surroundings and to camouflage themselves? = Luke Beynon, Arroyo Grande, California ‘A: Not all kinds of chameleons can change their skin color. Some only have a limited ability to modify thelr appearance. Experts say that camouflage is perhaps a lucky side effect of the tropical lizard's remarkable trai. In fact, recent studies seem to show that chameleons do this as a response to mood, temperature, health, ‘communication, and light. Of the ones that can change color, it's usually just to a different shade of the same color. For example, if they are hot, they will change to lighter colors that will reflect the sun better and help them cool down: itis belleved that most modifications are simply du to mood changes! or for communication purposes. For instance, Panther Chameleon changes to red and yellow! when it is angry. ‘Atthough scientists stil haven't worked out exactly how they do it, their ‘unusual ability to alter thelr appearance has eared them a fan base ‘among our ® Make sure to look out for the chameleon feature net week by National Wife Refuge worker Tery Hook. Elena Gilbert, Wildlife expert To submit questions to experts Witte Photography, ase send an email ‘questions @uildlitephotography.corCOE) Feed the texts AD and answer the questions 1-10, (Question 1 refers to section A nats main pupose of section A? lbal question @ to verify an arrangement ¢ to enquire about times B toaskforpermision to give event deals questions 2° refer to section 8 hat must the applicants bein order to enter the competion? a lio exper at 200 employees b photography students @) familiar with animals 4 wha il he compton winner get? a thor picture on the ont cover to bea udge nent yar 6) beneficial ip @ cash prze Questions 45 refer to section C. 4 What dos this secon reveal about the contest? a The judges take education into consideration Photographs of endangered species have a bettr chance of winning The same person usualy wins the contest year ater yea" @ N proves nonpofessonals can win 5 What does the water mean by there couldn't be a ‘more ftng setting? a Ris not an approcriate tine to hold the event B) tis to perc lace to hold he event © Thor lenowhere ee avaiable to hold he event tise dont S20 to nod the event. {Questions 6-8 refer o section D. 5 Whatis te man purpose of secton 0? (obal queston 8 to adverse a ttre issue to present scent research © tocttcize past analysis @ to discuss chameleon colors 7 Inthe next to fast sentence ofthe second paragraoh, what dows Itretr to? 2 mood change © cooling down (B) color change d communication 8 What concusion does the wier come fo about chameleons? © The'r abilities have made them very popular. Thar bits inrigue scientists. © Thay ae not as talented as we thought They are more talented than we though ‘Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B,C, and D, 8 wien sectons menton a previous competion winner? a ABandc © 8G ando > AC.andD @ al soctons 10. Whats probably iru about he chameleons Tey Hook photographed in South Aca? They could not change color ® Their temper iniuencad their color. They stuck odferent shades ofa color. Thor suroundings affected thelr color rey AOoTe LANEY og Wildlife and Animal Issues 1 Filin: nats! regulations / paradise | presorvation | extinction / species 1. The governor passed a law restricting development to promote wildlife preservation 2 Scientists recently discovered a new species of mouse in Cyprus. 3 Conservation groups do their best to protect ‘animals under the threat of extinction, 4 Be careful before you go fishing in the park, Make sure you know what regulations apply. 5 Urban development is destroying many animals’ native habitats. 6 My parents bought a house in the country hoping to find paraaise. 2. Undertine the correct word, 1._Animais often lose limbs when they become hunted ‘trappedicomerediblocked in metal devices, 2 Pandas now inhabit/settle/exist/occupy in many 2008 across the world 3. Athough rare, animals thought to be extinetfatal! * Cre ia 4, lieth lank with bo where necessary. The Bald Eagle 1) The bald eagle is 2 national symbol for 2) the United giates. 3) The whitesheaded bird represents 4) freedom and 5) beauty. In 6) tho 1960s, it was put on 7) the endangered species list because of its Gccreasing population. 8) trouble for 9) ine birds started when 10) farmers started using 1D DDT, an insect-killing chemical. 12) The chemical killed 13) the birds and made 14) tho birds’ egg shells very thin. After 15) the government banned 16) the use of DDT, there was a rise in 17) the number of bald eagles. A law called 18) the Endangered Species Act also helped by making it illegal to do anyching that may harm all 19) the plants and 20) 21) the endangered species list. 22) The bald eagles! population growth has been so great that 23) the US government may remove it from 24) the list 2. Fillin the blanks with 2, an or the, ‘Daily News 14 raging fire broke out in 2) the downtown area last night, 3) The fire started at 4) 2 quarter past ten 2-3) tie Hilton Hotel, 6) An elderly man noticed 7) he smoke and called 8) the fire department from = nearby phone. It took firefighters 10) a litte over Da hour co put out 12) the flames. Guests were taken (0 13) a nearby shelter for the night and are waiting there while police investigate 14) tho cause of the fire. 15) A local cleaning company has been hired {0 help clean up 16) sho mess and allow 17) me hotels guests to return. 18) The next morning, hotel owners sent out 19) an apology and 20) he hotel manager gave al fuests 21) a full refund for their stay and 22) gift gf certificate for dinner at J 73 a7 upscale restaurant \ in 24) 3, Write aor an where necessary, A: Ann, 1) a Mr. Stevens called for you eater today. B: Who is he? Did you take 2) 2 message? ‘A: Yes, he said he would give you 3) 3 call later, * A: Mrs, Brown is 4) 2 very talented writer B: | agree. She's just published 5) an exceptional novel © A: Do you have anything | can take for 6) ar earache? B: Actually, | have 7) a pill for that precise ailment © A: [Is there 8) a speed limit in this area? B: Of course there is Is twenty miles 9) an hour. Revision Circle the correct answer. rman I've ever met € inteligent the more inteligent are very smart. 1 Hois by far ‘a. more inteligent B) the most intelligent 2 Mr. Adams said that athe doin © dolphins ® the dolphins some dolphin 3 Sandra is working to help... in the aoa, 8 anhomeless © homeless » anomeiass @ the homeless 4 of on Canad, a stilin Bb stiisin ¢ isinstt @silin 5 I want to leave eal, Let's ake... moring train - © those the 4 one 8 We were athe point... hen the professor called us a toloave leaving b leave @ ot leaving 7 How often ...n. Your car serviced? havo you you should have ® you have @ do youhave 8 Mi bick you Up fom nat 8c o'clock. @ the station e station ba station 4 one station 9 thine Adam i a sce one work © work b the work a wor 40 These pancakes... Chestina a wore made with (6) were made by » made by made 11 "I got a new job as a night security guard.” “That's tough! How wil you @ get used to staying useto stay awake all night?” © be used to stay became used to staying 12 “May | make a suggestion, Mr. Allen?” » Rober.” © must d will 19‘Sra Grammar Articles/Possessives eee nae Possessive Adjectives | Possessive Pronouns my our mine ours your your yours yours his his ter | ee | fe | te is * Both possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns «an be used to talk about ownership or the relationship between people. Possessive adjectives are followed by nouns, whereas possessive pronouns are not, This is my chair fs mine + We use the and not possessive adjectives with repositional phrases, mostly when we are talking about things that happen to parts of people's bodies Verbs usually used in this pattern are: hit, punch, slap, bite, touch, pat, sting, etc. She punched him in the nose. (NOT: She punched him ints nose.) He touched her on the arm. (NOT: He touched her on hee arm.) ‘+ We use the word own in the following structures to emphasize the fact that something belongs to someone, noun + of + my/yout, etc. + own ‘my/your, ete. + own + noun | wish | had a car of my own. OR I wish J had my own room. a) + We often make the mistake of using a possessive Pronoun instead of a possessive determiner and vice versa. ! don’t realy like my new teacher. (NOT: Leon's ) *+ Make sure not to confuse its (possessive determiner) with i’ (it hasse i) 5) Circle the correct answer. 1. Maggie lost feb hers book so she borrowed my / tine) 2. He ate all(hig)/ your dessert, but 'm saving my / (mine for later. 3 They took thelp/ thelr bie to the vet because it hhad broken it's /ft3)wing. ‘Was yours Zour new cell phone expensive? 5 You can'thave any popcorn, ts (Ral our /(GurS) § Correct the mistakes. {wish | had a house of mir own. my ‘She slapped himself in the face. him How did he broke hin arm? break his This bag is my, not yours. mine AA bee stung hersaf on the nose. her ‘Ann broke hers leg. her Case ses: ‘The possessive can be used to talk about ownership or the. relationship between people. Its formed in two ways: with ‘7 for people or animals * singular nouns + 's~ Peter's house, * plural nouns ending in -s + ' ~ My grandparents’ house. * plural nouns not ending in -s + 's~ The children’s toys. + compound nouns + 's~ My brother:in-law’s boss *+ We use ‘s after the last of two or more names to show common possession. Billy and Julie's video camera. (the video camera belongs to both of them) ‘+ we use’s after each name to show individual possession Billy's and Jui’s cameras. (each have their own camera) with of + oF + inanimate thing or abstract noun - The wheels ofa cor * a/the/this/that + noun + of + possessive pronoun — He's «client of mine. That dog of hes, Note: When we refer to a certain place or time, the possessive case is formed as follows: * phrase of place (shop/home/business etc) + (house) + phrase showing length of time/specific moment or event + 's~ Two hours’ drive/yesterday’sleRtovers We can use either 's or of when we talk about places or ‘organizations. Australia’s economy OR the economy of Australia. At oanie's * When singular names end in -s, we can use both 's or | Just apostrophe. Paris's dag/Pars’ dog ‘+ We add an apostrophe to plural names ending ins The Bakers’ summer house * With more than one noun, the ‘s or s° goes at the end of the last noun. Jane, Jil, and Sue’ uncle ives here 7 Fillin the blanks with the possessive forms of the ‘nouns in parenthoses. 1A: Where were you last night? Br Iwas at my cousins’ (cousins) house. 2 A: Whois the man you were talking to? B: He is my sisterinlaw’s (sister-in-law) hairdresser. Did you buy a new car? No, the car in the driveway is Jeff and Nat's (eff and Nat). What are you doing with that stick? ''m trying to reach something at the bottom of the barre! (bottom/barrel) Whose house are you studying at? We're all studying at Nicole's (Nicole) What's in the bag? 4ns'is’s (ris) books that ve borrowed. \Whose dog is on our front lawn? ‘That looks Ike the Adams iAciams's (Adams) dog, @e > o> or oreluant nue wa 1. "Do you thnk Brian was invited to the wedding?” ‘Well, why vyourset?” a. won'tyou ask b. aren't you asking him ¢. haven't you been asking him @) don't you ask him 2, When came home from work, found the dog In the backyard a. todig ». having dug © digging d. to be digging 3. Please call me as soon as Mr. Green a. arrived b. will arrive . will have arrived i) arrives "How far is Langhorne from here?" W's about " a. athres hours’ drive (B a three-hour drive a drive for three hours 4. a three hours drive a tink no b. never think © don’ think so 4. think never 8. "Where are you going for your vacation?” ‘Wall, Im not sure. Idk to goto a place Just rola @) where | can B. soto c. that can 4. where to 7. Almost everyone failed the exam for Carrie and me. a. apart ®& except . besides 4. other 8 Greece, don't miss out on a visit to the ‘eropois in Athens. 8 Were you ever in ®. Hfyou were ever in © Should you ever visit 4, Have you ever been in 8. Mr. Fitegerale college, a. itis considered ». is considering 2. people consider @© is considered to_be the best professor at our 10, 11 12, 13, 14, 18, 1” 19, the movie, he decided to read the novel it ‘was based on a. By watching . When he was watching ©. Firsthe watched @ Aer watching You ityou aren't using it should turn off it B) should tum it off ©. have turned it off 4d. mustn't tum off it Brandon this vase when he went to aly. ‘a. Boughtit me b. bought it for me © bought me d. for me bought Do you think there the missing jowoiry?” can ©. be a. tobe any chances of finding I'm sory, sir. You are not allowed to go inside. a session, a. from during d. through Venice is famous its gondolas. @ for bin ©. about dof Its too bad you're nat coming to the party.” “Uknow. tfonly | " would should could may “When do you usually do the ironing?” “Ido it while the 8 o'clock news.” @) watching b. watch ©. having watched di. was watching Mom told us the mess in the kitchen, a. cleanup 'b. that cleaning up © toclean up “d. cleaning up The bus in ton minutes. @ leaves . has left ©. will have left d. would leave 121"Pz Sear me en 1 10, 122 The in the board room was very tense, a. affair . occasion ) situation condition The report _ many serious errors and was useless. a. compiled b. consisted ©. composed {) contained Each group wil be {to watch over a certain area, a. Issued b. supplied ©. transferred d) assigned The _ We get up in the moming, the sooner we ‘oan ieave on ur tip. a. shorter ». later © earier 4. longer ‘Scientists are working to find new ways to stop climate @ course change ¢. factor 4. level ‘The success of this company Produit is received by the publi. a. Is certain of 'b) depends on © Is sure of 4. looks to ‘As the wind moves across the blades, they around the center. a. slide b. at ©. push @. spin My dad grew up on a farm in a(n) eastern Montana, suburban . residentiat © wal 4. urban More and more glaciers are ‘ise in sea levels a. running b. freezing & meting 4. toosing How much air pollution is ‘autorobiles? a. made b. constructed . developed 4, produced how well the area of ‘and causing a by the world's 14 12, 14 16, 1. 16 20 Hes Hank's bithday on Saturday. Let's _ hima pay, @ throw - take make have Trees need to be watered a. infinity . permanently ¢. eternally @ continually ‘The council had recycing bins installed on the schoo} in the summer. building (8) grounds ©. assembly brary He's rather __with his money. He doesn't pay {or anything @. smallminded b. welkott ©. strong-willed @) tight-isted Tho company __ 1 decision on how to tackle waste management @) reached © arrived ©. came 4. gave Paul said he was working late, but Emily smelled a Wien she called and he wasnt there ‘a cat b. pig c. fish @ cat Do you have any idea who the a. author © director ©. instructor . photographer Although very dry, deserts ‘many different types of living creatures, @ cary b. hold it @) support isa hor kids’ old clothes to the focal children’s charity, a. provided 1B) donated ©. supplied 4. granted Itstarted to ain soon after Helen ___her laundry out todry. a. aid b. lett ©. set hung ofthis flim is?ay, 1001 pay le 2 es ut 2. 23 24 2. 28 27 28 By 30, yr | dt know which shampoo to buy, s0 | bought the leading _. a model (©) brand &. kind d. make ‘You must enter special code to____ your account a. activate stimulate circulate 4. alvate ‘there any dangerous animals that__ these woods? a. satlle b. dwell ©. reside @ inhabit You should never eat meat very sick a. stale ». tosh craw 4. uvipe ‘The council decided that planting trees would be the best way tothe ay a. beaully ©. decorate ¢. organize 4. develop Febeoca was practicing atthe ten oock a. fle . stadium ¢. course 4 cour Many diferent species of animals __the threat of exinaton, a. meet b. pose c. present 4) face The public is the weekonds |. avoided 5» prohibited 6. withheld outlawed The couple celebrated their wedding ata fancy restaurant. reception ©. gathering ©) anniversary & testvty ‘Jason submitted his ___for anew computer at work a. pea . demand . appeal G request It.can make you nti ine {rom entering the building on 41 Underline the correct particle. Check in Vocabulary ‘Appendix 1. Make sentences with the phrasal verbe you didn't use joe Answer Sa 11 He's been going aheadiotfthroughion a rough time since he lost his job. 2 Jane is looking throughiforward to/upjover her trip to Spain this summer, 3. It's difcutt to make upifor/outiover what is writen on this paper. Coffee has been spilled on it. ‘This ob offer is too good to pass up/awayloftas/out 5 Lisa cheated on the test, and now she must pay forlupibackiott her crime. 6 The race was full of challenges, but she managed to pull downithrough’up/in 2 Fillin: about / of / wth to / for /on. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 2. 1. She has been married (0 her husband for seven years. I'm really nervous 2bou! my exams tomorrow. The doctor decided to operate 2 the patient My dad foves his coin collection, He wouldn't think of parting wih t. 5 We have much to do to prepare weekend. 6 Do you have any pictures °! me when | was litle? the party this 3 Choose the correct item. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 3. 1. The ofice doesn't open unti after lunch. Let's walk around town... the meantime, ay Bin cat cuting 2 The hotel staff was very nice and made the couple fh ov 2888 @at bt =e by din 3 This is my favorite song. | know the Iris heart. ain bout et @ by 4 The doctor madi the best decision... the bene otis patint. bin © ond with 5 We've had this piano for years, but unfortunately i's tune, ain bof ©) outof. within 6 There's no schoo! today. The teachers are strike aonb under ¢ behind dof alee iterate ela mea 123Formal Essays/Letters (expressing opinion) Ec&logical Park Enviconmentalists have gathered outside a Mexican ecological park to protest the use of the park as a tourist attraction. They claim that itis interfering with the nature and wildife there. Park officials defend thelr actions by saying that plants and animals are well cared for and that by allowing visitors, people have the chance to learn more about the environment. || Plan ‘An essay that expresses an opinion is a || formal piece of writing in which you present your personel opinion on a | particular topic. Your opinion must be stated clearly and supported by | justifcations/supporting details. The ‘opposing viewpoint can be presented in a separate paragraph, A letter that expresses opinion is essentially the same as an essay that expresses opinion, except that it is addressed to a specific group or person, and the author refers to himself! herself and to his/her ideas at the oginning and end of the letter. Study the plan below: Essay ‘Should nature reserves be used as tourist attractions? Write an essay explaining your views. Give specific reasons and examples, slate topic clearly ee (essay) / state who you are and why you are ‘wrting,inouedng topic Read the model essay and see if any of your viewpoints in Ex. 1 (ete ‘were mentioned. In pairs, discuss the questions that follow. state your opinion See Answer Section) mm itis Dear that using a nature reserve a tur atacton et as led 1. convoverey among emvicnmertate, In my maa omenne opinion, using a nature resene as a tourist atvacion viewpoint? benef to both the envnment and the publ Fret of al naire reseres ofr aunque experience. Fr Para 4 —* opposing viewpoint and ‘example, visitors are able to view animals in their natural argument against it | habitat and see a variety of plants, They can also learn a lot about the nature reser’s wide fom the Iiormaton provided. A second reson nature reserves are Sora ‘Anotneargumentin favor of nature reserves tat peopl restate your opinion Using different words | © thank reader for j appreciate the quiet, open space offered there, away from the considering your views | city. They are able to escape the stress of city lite by enjoying fleter) the beauty and peace of nature. | Opponents ofthis view [undertané that enronmeilts are worres that vistors wil art the nlural balance of he ecoujtem. Ih ® teponse toh, | woud argu tha ost vistors rood he wunelings are beauttul, reserve, and that park officials work hard to protect it. ~ eaceh ant onan tn eoncusgn | beleve tal the berefis of sg a nature {Reed ne excerpt and ts nd reserve 35a tS atacton ouweigh he cravbacts. They peesticrlatai rat protec wide and educate the publ bu ost stor ara the questions. L s 1 What are you going to write? 2 formal essay expressing opinicn 2 Who is going to read your piece of writing? the general ust 3. Do you think it is fair or unfair for people to interfere with nature? Why? (See Answar S ‘What isthe topic and where is it fist introduced? Is the writer for or against the topic? \What isthe first viewpoint the writer uses to defend his/her opinion? What supporting detals reinforce this viewpoint? \What isthe second viewpoint the wrter presents? How many supporting details does the writer provide to support the second viewpoint? 7 Whatis the opposing viewpoint? What argument does the writer make against this viewpoint?wr” 5 Linkers and Useful Language for Essays/ | | Letters Expressing Opinion | solos eto rks and sol ngage you can use wn rng J || exerci ART OF q) | Se p= dent, ceary, | Ris aadont that, Ts understood state tr obviously, corti, | hat itis tuo that. tis agreed iircwcton. —Toyand age, in| that tis lea that tis sperent essay general, generaly_|{that . E Tam wing nveapanse 6.1 why you woud ike to share my sewing. thoughts on, Lam wrilag to | en express ry opion\iews on, | ewes ar wing to et you know te you wat think ae Toate Ta, THAR HSL T say ale CPO" Fin my opinion n v " frecocona [gener leat an ope a Bie Tat lace, frst of al to stat ' Viompoit 1 fo tat | ane reason, one argumentin en) [maaan wn ee fray turiermore, aso, senoones Rate. ts aaa second eason, iat memereover, [another second argumentin Fathonaly,g_|fsvorolaganst otal secondly Suppaiiig Tor ample, for acta main instance, nother | by, due to, because body) words, n particular however, then oppononts ofthis view, hoe are, Osposing _|208n.on te other | those. who. bekevelarguetn eupoin (main |PaPé. neveheless, | thet, some sagretar against cre athough. that. | cesptain spite ofthis pot. | being sai atthe | understand that. some people | same ine Deiev/arquetntoe tat Tomevor ten > {again on the other hand, nevernelss, |in response to tis, but, the (main. Jathough, tht | problem with bist being ai, at the fo same time in shor, to Sumnup, imcaneluson, alin Restate ophion [ain my view, all (conclusion) "tings considered | befove that, think tat inmy opinion, taking everthing ito account Tan ar Thank you Tor taking my views ame ino accountveonsiering my son, views, thank you fo aking the ) time to read my letter speaKers * information + experts * make a aiference © knowledge © museum discussion © actwve © schoo! © 806 firsthand © outside © environment © learn © plant trees ® tsten © group of students * politicians nature ‘Stop 3: Imagine people in a room or people on the news discussing this topic and disagresing about it. What might they say? Which side would you take? Write down your opinion on the topic. Then write an ‘opposite opinion in parentheses. The school should celebrate Earth Day by taking the students on a field tp (The schoo! should celebrate Earth Day by having a panel of speakers.) Write a letter for the school newspaper expressing your opinion on which is the best way to celebrate, Earth Day: a speakers’ panel or a fled tip. Explain Step 4: Read your opinion aloud and ask yoursel "Why?" ~ "How?" ~ "How can | prove this?” As you ty to think of viewpoints, glance at the words you thought of in| Step 2 to help you: Try to think of two to three viewpoints for each question. Why? A field trip is more memorable and more fun. We will see other people celebrating Earth Day and it will Teal like a community efor. We can be active and make a difference, We can experience nature, which is what we are celebrating. How? Take @ bus fo a science museum, Go to a park and plant tres. March in @ parade, Visita nature reserve. ‘See endangered species in the 200. How can I prove this? ‘Students learn better when they do something, instead of just listening. All of our school field trips this year have been successful Step 5: Choose your two strongest viewpoints (the ones that are most convincing, or the ones you could talk ‘bout forthe longest period of time). Pretend that, after hearing these viewpoints, someone asks you: “What do you mean?" or “Can you explain that to me?” Or, think of {an example to ilustrate the viewpoint. These techniques will help you think of supporting details, ‘Strongest viewpoints & supporting details 1) Wecan experience nature, the thing we are celebrating. © Go toa park and plant trees, © Visit a nature reserve. * If the idea of Earth Day is to celebrate nature, What better way than to be in nature andior do something to helo it? 2 Students lear better when they actively do something. It is easier for students to remember an experience than information they simply listen to * Seeing a panda in the z00 and thinking that your grandchildren might not ever see one, ifthe animal ‘becomes entinct, can make a stronger impression (on a student than just reading about pandas. Step 6: Go back to what you wrote in Step 3 for the ‘opposite opinion. Think of viewpoints for that opinion in the same way you thought of viewpoints for your own pinion in Step 4. Then respond to the viewpoints, trying to show why itis weak or doesn't work, Opposite opinion: The schoo! should celebrate Earth Day by having a pane! of speakers. Viewpoint: The speakers will have important knowledge to ‘share thatthe teachers and students do not know. Argument against: The students may find this quite boring. They can probably learn a lot of the same information and remember it better by doing something ‘more interesting instead,rr irs, practice the sIx brainstorming steps with the following pt and task. Compare with another pair, Then, write the three body paragraphs. yin excer (See Answer 5 Yesterday, animal rights protesters gathered on Main Street to demonstrate against companies testing medicine and cosmetics on animals before human use. One pharmaceutical company spokesman said, “I understand | people's concern about animals, but the | testing Is porformed safely and it's the only ‘sure the product is ready for | | The ociors of National Gazete are seeking their readers’ opinions about aninalostng, What fs your opinion about animal testing? Is tthe only way to provid so product for humans? Explain your opinion. 412 Rea! ine newspaper article excerpt and the tesks. Underline the key words. What is the topic in each task? In pairs, answer the questions, See Ans fo Town Council Introduces Litter Fine The Town Council passed a new law ‘hat wil allow local police to fine those wo titer the straets. The fines will be S18 for a st offense and $50 sistent offenders will be loin cleanup teams on a Pv | ie 2 tet exsining now to educe the aout of ern te iy Solan wat cy fiat, wakes, andor elds can do to save ths chen Deserbe spate acne tial an bo akon Sturt Dea? Seay 7 Steet Deople na ,38 become a big problem in ctes around the word. Some 10 do tie mat ton should be taken against those who lite. One way 2 city's prgauld be to fine people who are caught Itring. Would this solve Problem of trash in the streets? ur [a2 streets? Discuss your opinion, supporting it Floing those caught littering Lett 1. Whois going to read your etter? 2. What will your suggestions be? 3 What supporting details/expected results can you think of for each suggestion? Essay: 4 What are your viewpoints? How can you justify them? Can you think of an opposing viewpoint? What will your argument against it be? 13 White olthor the essay or the letter. Use your ideas in Ex. 12. Check 44 After you have finished writing your essay/letter check for the following. Are linkers and language Used correctly to give the essay/letter structure? |s a wide range of relevant vocabulary used? [J ks formal language used? Letter ‘Ave the topic and your reason for wrting stated clearly in the first paragraph? Do the main body paragraphs each contain a suggestion with supporting details? ‘Ave the suggestions ‘summarized in the last paragraph? Essay ‘Ave the topic and your ‘opinion on it stated clearly in the introduction? [7] Bows each main body paragraph begin with a clearly stated, sensible viewpoint? [J #seach viewpoint justified by ‘— one or more specitic supporting details? [DB there a ths main body paragraph with the opposing viewpoint and an argument against i? [1's your opinion restate in the conclusion? 129| Understanding the Task ‘Your clues as to which type of letter/essay to write can be found in the task instructions. Find the action words, ‘or the words that command you to do something, Here are some other ways of phrasing the same commands: Express Opinion + Express your views '* Do you think ..? ‘© Offer your point of view... J Why should * What do you believe shouldn't about ..? ‘© Ate you in favor of + How do you feel about ..?| or against _.? NOTE: Some tasks will ty to trick you with opinion ‘phrases like in your opinion and what do you think that are not the primary command, For example, In your pinion, what should the police do to reduce street rime? is really asking you for a suggestion leter/essay. lead carefully! A {| Read the excerpt and the tasks and underline the key words. Then, read the model. What task does it answer? (Tas% 4) TeDepenmentoHeath | smckrs to be fae fom (staking about barring — the dangers of second Smoking tom al puble hand smoke n pubic Slings This moans | ras. Srokrs bolove frat af puble places | tat baningemling Ihouding esau, tvenlons th hs a8 Sie and shopping dials hey say ffos woud bo smoke. | smoking Is lage and | free, The government non-smokers do not like SS antematng groupe | thoy should say home ay Re ime br none Letter The Editor of The City Times has asked for her readers’ opinions on the issue. Should smoking be banned from all public buildings? Explain your opinion (OT a ccueit mn ait ie Essay Do governments have the right to control where peop smoke? Are you in favor of or against a smoking bar, Express your opinion. Support your viewpoints, 2. Read the model and answer the questions. (S00 Answer Sect | Dear Eater, | Tam wting express my opinion abet tne | stealer onsmokeg m pte ois he a nosioker ain favor being eking trom puble buldngs, and | botove tat the government shoul ake the am One reason smoking should be banned tom publ bultngs i thatthe a wi bs cleaner for everyone to breathe. For cxamele, | ciara smoke gets rappedn a bulcing and ceried through ar vents. The. potently Causes everyone to bean pated a Secondly, | bole thatthe rare of aon smokers are beng wold when they ar forced to breathe ssconshend snoke, Nor smokes ave made a cons choice nt fo Ske, and its ura that ey mtg up tat ight So that smokers can smote publ balénge On the other hand, ie tuo that act smokers have the ight 10 smoke cgsctes Aso, smokers want o be @ pat of Solty an Viste same places as nor snokors However |" eleve that smokers canst tnd placa Yo smoke, sven a8 otdoor areas al wil nt endanger oer people's heath To sum up. below tat smoking should J be banned rom pubic bulings ts tne for | nonsmokers tobe fee ofthese dangers and have thei ight to breate Goan a potted Thar you for consirng my vews sincera, Sieve Jones 1 What isthe topic and where isi first introduced”? 2 Is the writer for oF against the topic? 3. Complete the tables with ideas from the letter. ‘Svat Swppotng bua _ Tan-smorers Tights — Violated without bant 14. Is the wfter’s opinion restated in the conclusion? What els is included in the conctusion? ‘5 What language has the writer used: formal or informal? Give examples, 6 Has the writer used a wide range of relevant vocabulary? Give examples »e0pIe ban? 3 Now wt Task 8 Read the excerpt and the tasks and 1 EXterine te key wodsiain ea ‘Then, read the model. Which task does it answer? (Task 8) ‘See Answer Section) gE eB ae }) The Department of 5 Education thinks 1 computers should be used In the classroom, However, teachers disagrae as they say that ‘there is no time, ttle training, and fow skilled teachers. Suasnis are determined to prove that computers would make ther lessons ‘more interesting and would prepare ther etter for the working worl. [The Eulior of The City Tes has asked for hoc phon about stunt ung : Comps msohel, What can teacher do ou mene sbout computes and 0 0 them In ass? Ealln yout ‘Suggestions, pan ye Essay These rae devs, More and more companies Ska ora eens, omer oie to prepare themselves for eee world, students want to start taache omputers in school, However, Addiignally Another! All ings considered —™ Taking everything Into account, while we can see that bringing computers into the classroom is not entirely without its problems, J think that it offers valuable advantages. In education, ‘hat itis important to anticipate the social and technological advances: of the future, for its the students of today who will be in charge Revision & Extension 2. Read the model and answer the questions, tis clear that know how to use computers if they are to be successful in theie future careers. By training children to use the new technology in the classroom, however, are we helping to prepare them for the working world or are we encouraging ther to waste time on less serious activities? An important benoit | “It Is evident that in today’s world young people need to | | | ‘One major Bdvantage of invedchg computers ito the ciassoom ts that students are beter prepared forthe working word, Neary all jobs todey demand some knowledge of computers, 2 tho sooner chien become familar wih them he bot. Having ready feared how to use them at school young people wil be more confident when they look tor @ joo. | Furthermore, using computers in class wil teach children valuable for instance now sls. they are compute-teate, then they wl be ready 0 | take online exams, {6 example, or do online banking transactions, On the other hand, many teachers ae word tat students Then again in class will use computers for entertainment and not for lessons. Chien akeady spend quite a lot of tme at home playing computor games and they may be tempted to cary nese actives cisadvaMage ver to the classroom. This would make lessons more difficult for teachers.” Another drawback is the cost of installing new computers in schools, Many schools work on aight budget. and > may nha buying computers means oter schoo resouees ee neglected For example the brary may need new books o sports facilties may need upgrading and funds would not be avaiable. ofthat future one day. 1 What isthe main topic? Does the writer examine it from both sides? Give examples, 2 Complete the tables with ideas from the model 3 What isthe writer's opinion? 4 Does the general thought he gives in the conclusion add to the ‘meaning of the essay in any way? Discuss, 5 Roplace the words/phrases in bold with other appropriate ones, Now write Task A. (See Answer Section) aa (See Answer Section) 131132 Lead-in + coyeusioy ime mason | covert, aay iy ory vo Beers pure : eerste Read the passage below, and then answer the comprehension questions. The information in the following article comes from various sources, hen solving a crine, investigators often focus on the less obvious clues: a lone fingerprint, a single strand of hair, an unidentified cotton fiber. However, what about clues that cannot easily be seen? In violent crimes, the criminals will normally try to hide the body and will sonetines use harsh cleaning products to renove any blood from the crime scene, Fortunately for investigators, blood particles are very resistant,? and though their presence mmay not be immediately obvious to the human eye, there are ways to detect these particles,” even years after a crine has been committed. In such cases, investigators rely upon a chemical known as Luminol to view any remaining blood particles. Luminol is sprayed over a suspected crime scene, and if any blood particles are present, they will glow a greenish-blue in a dark room’ for approximately 30 seconds Investigators then photograph the glowing particles. Tests must be perforned on the particles, though, to ensure they are blood because some common household products, like bleach, paint, and even metal, will produce the sane effect. Luminol is not used as often as one might think because the chemical it contains is destructive and can ruin other evidence present at a crime scene. Consequently, it is usually one of the last methods that investigators use to detect blood. 1. Which of the following statements best expresses the main Idea of the text? (global question) a Blood is dificult to clean, Chemicals are needed to view blood that has been cleaned © There are diferent chemicals to view blood particles that have been cleaned Lumino! is a chemical that investigators use to view blood paricies. 2 What is one charact In the article? a tisred, (@) tis difficutt to clean. © tis easy to see. Tests can be performed on it itic of blood that is expressed {In paragraph 1, what does the word detect mean? a see © notice b believe @ discover Why must a Luminol test be performed in the dark to make sure the particles are blood b_ to protect one’s eyes from the chemical ©) 10 800 the blood particles to take pictures of the blood particles, What else produces the greenish-biue glow causes bby Luminol besides blood? a hairspray b water ) metal window cleanerYr Teche Crime and Punishment fil: chemicals bers investigator / Fone commit evidence / tinal 4 Do you know if there Is any solid visenee linking him to the crime? 2. These bottles are fled with harsh ‘coemicals that can bum your skin i you spl them on you. 3 The police are searching the area for two dangerous criminals. 4 The tost results indicated the oresence of illegal drugs in the man’s bloodstream 5 Ronald hired a private investigator 'o look into the disappearance of . his son. 6 Thore was nothing but a single fingerprint and some cotton fibers atthe crime scene. 7 The man was jailed for a crime he didn't commit. 8 Investigators use various methods to solve crimes. ‘Choose the correct answer. wai 1) The judge the man to five years in prison. ‘@ condemned () sentenced b charged d_punished 2 The attomey concluded the tral with a very convincing closing }) statement — © defense B account —d_testimony 3 Do you have any that he took your handbag? a data © figures B) proof statistics 4 She was very von BY the Clown's performance, @ amused surprised B eased 4 pleased 5 Wore there any......who saw the crime? @ strangers ¢ spectators » observers @) witnesses 6 Eric was given a ticket because he WAS ssn iM @ SCHOO Z0n. @ racing) speeding b crashing od skidding 7 Could you the suspect you saw him again? @ classty © certly ©) idenity —d_satoly Se cE 8 Jeff's house was while he was away on business. @ burglarized b stolen © abducted attacked 9 Despite the many dificult, the SUatiON nnn Und contol @ remsines blot © continued d_ lasted 10 When reporting any suspicious activity to the police, try to detailed information a reply b decide ¢ deliver @) supply 3. Underline the correct word, 11 This device is used to notice/observeldetect/spot explosive materials inside a house or building. 2 Remember to tasten/lock/fivbar your doors when you leave the house, 3. Gabrielle practically/sensitively/reasonably/normally keeps a close eye on her bags when she Is ina crowd, 4 The punishment was considered by most people to be too unkind! harsh/crtical/hard. 5. The kidnappers demanded a $1 milion refundibail/fundiransom. 6 Monica was betrayed/informed/fooledicheated into believing she had bought a new stereo. 7 The smuggler/burglar/robber/intruder brought the illegal exotic birds in from Thailand, 8 Lily pleaded/swore/claimed declared not guity to the crime. 9. The police have gathered vital warnings/hints/elues/alerts about ‘the murder of the businessman, 10 Witnesses at the crime act/scene/episode/sight said they saw a man speed away in a rod van, Check the appropriate box(es), and then use phrases to fill the blanks below. an invitation ‘a charge 1. It's no use offering assistance; he will use holp from everyone. 2 She would not accept the facts. She chose to deny the ruth Speaking re, © What other metiods and tools might investigators use to solve @ crime? Discuss. * What are some advantages and disadvantages of being a crime scene investigator? Discuss in pairs. (See Answer Section) 133,+E eT ee oreo Remember! | 134 Relative clauses are. introduced with relative pronouns (who(n), which, whose, that) and relative adverbs (when, where, why). We use: + who/that to refer to people. The man who/tha wasn the ocldent survived. which/that to refer to objects or animals. The car which/that you bought is expensive. + who/whichithat cannot be omitted when it is the subject of the relative dause. Jane met a fiend who/that is a doctor it can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause; that is, when there isa noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. Jane met fend (whoriwhomthat) she hadn't seen for years. We can use ‘whom instead of who when it is the object of the relative cause. Whom is not often used in everyday English. The person whom you were talking to is my neighbor + whose instead of possessive adjectives (ry, your his, etc) with people, objects, and animals inorder to show possession. That's the building whose windows were broken inthe hurricane * After preposition, whom is required, but in informal English, we usually use who and place the preposition at the end ofa sentence, John Lennon was a great musician by whom many musicians were influenced/ John Lennon was @ great musician who ‘many musicians were influenced by. + We can replace where by a preposition followed by which. In informal English, this preposition is placed at the end of the sentence. The mall wherein which frst worked s Inthe cty/The mall which | fist worked inisin the city The same can be done with when. That was the year when/in which | graduated That was the year which graduated in ‘+ When using where or when, we do not need a preposition. The house where grew up is near here. (NOT: The house where gresup ins near here) Combine the two sentences to create a relative clause using the ‘word/phrase in parentheses. 1A: Why is George mad at Tom? B: He accused George of ving, which was a terrible thing to do, He accused George of lying. It was a terrible thing to do. (which) 2. A: Why's your English teacher upset? B: Some studants, who dln’ do well on the test, hadn't studied. Some students didn't do well on the test, They hadn't studied. (who) 3. A: Whose magazines are these? B: The magazines which are on the table are min, The magazines are on the table. They are mine, (which) 4A: Who are the people in your car? B: These are my tends, all of whom five on my street These are my friends, They live on my street. (all of whom) 5 A: Youhave a lovely neighborhood. B: The local park. where we play all the time, 1 fantastic, ‘The local park is fantastic. We play there all the time. (where) 6 A: What has been the happiest day of your ite so far? B: June 5, 2003, when my daughter was born, was a great day June 5, 2003 was a great day. My daughter was born then, (when) Revision Choose the correct answer. 1. Pavart, .n..- Was Bor in ly, isa famous opera singer. @ whom b that © who whore 2. “Could | use your laptop, please “OF course you a shoud = might «= @) can would 3 I don't remember the sites of .. found te information. a whom b whose where @) which 4 “Wil Morn and Dad let us watch the late-night movie on TV?" "YOU KNOW WE oun Slay Uplate |) aren't allowed to © aren'tlet b won't let us dont let us 5. This is the dog a who ‘owner lives on my street. > whom (© whose that 6 “Mr. Young wants you to type these letters. “Does this... right now?” @ have to be done b needs to be done © has to be done d_ gets to be done 7 Doctor Dott. he funniest movie "ve ever seen, s out on ovo. a whose —(® which ~—@ whom = where 8 John offered to give me uu advice some ban © the alot 9 THE BOY oon Mf, Haris is talking to is my broter, a which) whom =e whee = wren 10. “Tve runout of printing paper ON CaN US® SOM OF nn YOU Want® ame @ mine b my dine paper| Grammar | Ces hun LER Defining/Non-Defining Relative Clauses two types of relative dauses: ere are Ther clauses and non-defining clauses. hich) defining jefning relative clause gives romain and erent fied teceemaning ofthe main dause tis not we becween commas. Employes who ea nui ested tomoke up ther hous. a vomdefining relative clause gives A csinformation which fs not essential Toihe meaning of the main clause. Iis put between commas. Mr. Smith, who les red car wosina car acidnt (Rem Trin non-defining dauses, we cannot omit the intocuctory word and we canaot replace it with that. The Starve of Liber, which people photograph a lt, was agit frm the French. (NOT: The Statue of Liberty 3) That con never be used after prepositions. The hotel in which we stoyed sus very expensive. (NOT: + We use the following conjunctions to introduce time clauses: afte, as, as soon as, before, by the time, every time, hardly .. when, just as, no sooner than, nee, since, the first/last/next time, the moment that, unti/till, when, whenever, ee, * When the time clause precedes the main ‘ause, a comma is used. Whenever he is Out fF town, I water his plans. I water his pian wsenever he isout of town, Sequence of rnses: Te causes low the rule of the sequence ae ‘hats, when the verb of the main isa present or Future form, the verb ELIS time clause isin a present form. When the "ofthe main clause isin a past form, . toe, at Of the time cause sin a past form, Fa 8 bss her teeth the moment that she Bn the morning. Mike wil be sleeping by tera 7% 96 tothe house: Wash the dishes chk 0 Hel or vr cer heed tonne 99 his daughter My parents had _2°Ked tei hotel before they lft for Thaland, Remember!) We do Rot use will after conjunet will after time (NOT nRONS. Hell come when he finishes. 2 om he lini) BUT: When will he C7? When: question word) 3 Fillin the blanks with wo | wich J whom / whose / where or when. Put commas where necessary and indicate whether the clauses are defining (0) or non-defining (ND). 1. Carl, whose mother is a doctor, sits next to me in class. ND 2 The night when | got into an accident was cold and windy. 0 3. Mr. Adams. who works with my dad, is running for town counell ND 4 Tho rostaurant were | had my birthday dinner just closed down, 2 ‘5. This movie which won an Oscar last year is great. D 6 The gil whom the police were questioning was caught stealing 2 Underline the appropriate phrase. [= a 5 | [Sa tate ear ge = Hidason, Hows it going? You wor't believe the right | had lastnight. met my fiend Lisa atthe local coffee shop, and 1) as soon aslevery time 2) arivediartve, there was 2 car accident! A red sports car ran a red light 3) just as/until a delivery tuck Crossed the intersection. The ruck 4) is hitinghit the sports car and stopped, but | '5) whileby the time the police artved, the tuck had left! Lisa and | tld the police what we saw 6) untafter they 7) had spoken/have spoken to the driver ofthe ‘sportscar. 8) Onee/Because the stuaton calmed down, we left for the movies. Surprisingly, 8) the momentwhenever wo arrived at the movie theater, we 10) see/saw the same delvary truck! We knew we fad to do something about the situation! We waited to 322 11) whovwhich the drver was 12) and thenisince we immediately phoned the police and gave them the civer’s descrition and the truck's license plate number. We waited 13) untilwhen the poice arved to arrest the responsible civer. It was too late fr the movie, anyway! We missed the fl but we felt good because we ci the right thing What 2 right! ‘What di you do yesterday? Steve Revision 55, Choose the correct answer. 1) rs. Barker... was my kindergarten teacher, just retired a whose |b that © who which 2 thad hardly set fot inthe house... the phone started ringing aa b once @ when = than 3. Traveling is very comfortable a bythe train © bysometrain b byatrain @ by train 4 email the proposal to you as 8007 88 F..» wil firish © wil have fiished bam finishing @ finish 5 The day... she graduates from college willbe the happiestin her ite @ onwhich b onthat © where don when 6 The Sch00) has been demolished a. that! went © to where | went @ where | went 4 which | went 7. Will you have finished sending the invitations... Amanda comes tothe oftce? aa b asiongas © bythetime d since 135*SEB PTE Lame eeety tolerate elena Ms SISTEM ob) a ] Expressing result explains something that | happens because of something else. It expresses the outcome, There are a variety of ways to express result: + asa resut/therefore/consequently Computers ore becoming increasingly mult functional ASaresul, more and more people are reyingon them + 0 Ibrokemy MP3 player slbought anew such a/an + adjective + singular Countable noun = Iwas such ase invention (ht everyone bought oe. such + adjective + plural countable! tincountable noun ~ They nere such complicated gadgets ha the cide we such a lot of + plural countable/ tuncountable noun ~ Thee were such alt of people on the bus that he couldn't get on. so + adjectve/adverb ~ iy lptop iso practical hat caryitwith me everyahere so muchfittle + uncountable noun s0 many/few + plural countable noun There was so much information on the web st that) ait have to look anywhere ese Tere were so many choices that we ally just bought te simplest camera Gua! There area variety of ways to express reason ‘+ trecause et eary Because had tobe up aly the next morning, Because | had to be peat the next morning, eft erly. + asisince (= because) ~ I called asince | { segung nein in web bela, called + the reason for + noun-ing form the reason why + cause The reason forhisarrest wos the ct that he had been cought stealing The fot that he had been cought stealing wos the reason for i arrest. The reason why he was arrested wos the act thot he had been caught stealing + because offon account of/due to +noun because offon account offdue to the fact that + clause Al clases were canceled because offon account ofthe teacher strike. il clases were canceled due tothe teacher stike. He was rea because off account ofthe fact that he was away lat. He was ed due to the fact that he was away ote + now (that) + clause ~ Now (that) | have myouplace leat out ess + for = because (in formal written style) ~ A clause of reason introduced with for always comes after the main clause, The \ chilren were upset, for ane teacher was fo i replace third one | Combine the two statements using the word(s) In parentheses, 1. A: The woman couldn't identity the attacker. B: I know! The police had to take DNA samples, (60) The woman couldn't identity the attacker, so the police har fake DNA samples. 2 A: The photo printer was a great git. B: Yes, George bought one for his parents, too. (Guch a... that) ie photo 3. A: There is concern about the increase in robberies in our neighborhood. B: In ours too! We even bought an alarm systern (G0 much ... that) There is so much cane: ronberias in our naighborhoac! that we evan dought an aia 4A There ate so many ways to communicate nowadays. B: That's for eure, No one sends letors anymore, (therefore) Thor ay any ways t0 oor printer was ha groat opt tat nicat 8 A: There was publicity in the newspapers about PlayStation 2, B: Well it sold very well during the holidays. (Guch alotof... thal) Mere was such ai about PlayStation 2 that so 6 A: There was too lite snow this year. B: Yes, some sk! resorts are having problems, (as a resut) Fi Join the sentences using the words in parentheses. 1. Itwas raining. The concert was canceled. (due to) Due to the rain, the concert was canceled. 2. She quit. She didn’t enjoy the work she was doing. (because) She quit 3 called them. | was running late. (since) 4 Tara was happy. She got a college scholarship. (the reason) ry) Tara mas happy was that she go 8 The Smith family had to move. Mr. Smith was being relocated. (@ The Sra family had fo mave as Mr, South wa : a colege schol 6 All buses were delayed. There was heavy rain. (on account of) All uses were delayed on avrount of Reavy ma Revisior Choose the correct answer. 1. All fights to Sydney have been canceled. ..., Bassengers & requested to make alternative travel arrangements a As result ©) Theretore b The consequence Asa result of 2. NOW that oon» he has time to workin his garden, a retiring © toretire (8: he has retired has retired 3. Tonia’ fridge broke down, .... she bought a new one. a that b sothat © asresut dso 4 Do you know the reason fr... this meeting? @ having —b tohwe oe ~wenave © have 5 There were .... diferent toys to choose from that the litle didnt know what to get 2) such a lt of © such ots 'b somuch 4 solots ofrr \We don't know when he pack. b. has been ©) will be @. Is being We're really looking forward the conference. @ to attending ’. attending ©, toattend d. that we attend 43, "Do you think Steve will come with us?" ‘wel he goes out since he started college.” a. hardly never, b. not ever not never 4, hardly ever 4, He promised he ‘will cal b. was calling would call d. had called me every week 5, “Would you lke to see a movie tonight?" "Well, 'd prefer to get sometring to eat watch a movie.” a to 1, rather than 4. trom 6 She ut with her friends 2 lot more often before are got maried, a, use to go b. use to going used to go 4. was used to 90 7. The flights had to be canceled because of severe weather conditions. @ scheduled B. scheduling ©. schedule 4, schedule's “Who broke the vase?" * vill be in real trouble!” a. The one who he did t ©. Who did it ©. He did it ‘@) Whoever di it "Do we have any dessert?” ‘hin there's some let remain tobe ie 4. remained {tom yesterday.” “What do you tke about yout ob? the fee sone, not very muc 2 Bese ©. Apar for © Except rom @) Other than a 1 13 14, 15, 16. 18. 20, [Se WarMmCMLLL ken Harry spends most of his tree time the Net a. tosurt b. tobe surfing surfing surf Iwas dificult decision that he couldn't make vp his ming a. such (> sucha so that “Stephanie is an excellent student, isn’t she?” “Yes, she's expected the honor roll again this semester." a. tobe making . for making ¢. that she'll make ) to make ‘What's wrong? It looks @ asit B. soit ke that as you've seen a ghost! “I don't know anything about statistics." @ Nether am | b. So do! &) Nether do! d Soamt give me a hand with these groceries, please? a. May you 1B) Could you ©. Shall you 4. Must you ' heard Diane is going to Harvard. “What Ifyou had won a scholarship?” ‘a wil you do . will you have done ©. did you do @) would you do There was closed a. snowing so much 'B. so much snow ©. very snowy d. too much snow last week that the schools were "1s that sweater new?" “Actual, | bought {two years ago before two years . fortwo years 4. two yors before 1 checkers for ages. a. have to play mustn't play © haven't played wasn't playing* *SEF eMart | —j You will hear several short tion or itures, andrr eceees RUA iss part you sre 9 ‘ter tistoring aroices a, B: Questions +5 ouster tne qustons. Then sen to arco announcement nat does the speaker advise Haters todo? wi) sxpect trafic jams © toavoid gong downtown # tolook or the suspects d_ to take photographs Whats the announcement about? a atrafic report © aburglay B abankrobbey anew police hotine 3. Why does the speaker give a telephone number? a Listeners can call fo ask questions Listeners can call to report trafic problems, Listeners can call to order photographs. @_ Listeners can call to give information. ‘4 What does the speaker tell potential callers? 42 They wll have to give ther telephone number. They snoulé visit the website frst. © Thoy won't have to give their names. d Thay must be atleast 18 years old 5 What does the speaker mean when he says: 4: a Its easy to make him angry Iti better to confront him as a group. tis not easy o make him leave. @ its not easy to recognize him Questions 6-10 Look atthe questions. Then tisten toa teacher ina soci studs ciass. © Wnatis each group expected to do? attend a president's parade bring in photos to class © dross up in costumes @ work on a project 7 Whats inthe boxes? the toacher’s personal belongings © riceless museum pieces © 3 vatey of everyday objects 4 moortant information about Lincoln ‘What dows the teacher expect them to do on day two? 4 be aware and notice everything to set up their displays at the museum © to bring a packed lunch with them to search for information Who will show the students around at the museum? 2 students trom other cesses {2achers from the school students will guide themselves uides that work there eritcoes the teacher mean when she says: The studonts wil have to walk careful, Students wil be assessed for each part. | ‘The students will be helped on each stage | The students must answer all the questions correctly. oF d, Ifyou wish, you may take notes as you listen, 10 b ° a a * Sear Mn 130 ing o hear four short talks on diferent topics. Before each tak begins, you wil have time to look atthe printed questions. to each talk, you will hear 4 to 6 questions on it, Choose the best answer to each question from the printed answer Questions 11-16 Look at the questions. Then listen to a man making an announcement. 11. What is the purpose of the announcement? to announce an upcoming game to welcome new players to a team © to invite young people to a sports camp d_ to promote a schoo! team 12 Where does the speaker work? @ ata local High Schoo! forthe town's radio station © atagym 4 for a professional football team 13. During what season is this taking place? a winter © spring B) summer fall 44 What doas the speaker say about the camp? a He went there as a kid B) Kids get to train with football stars. © Uniforms can be purchased 41 I's been held for 30 years. 18 How often will hey practice? a only onweekends —¢ every morning B) five days aweek —d-_every afternoon 16 What does the speaker mean when he says: ‘a Parents think football is dangerous. b_ The workouts are not suitable for aduts © Activities are designed for specific age groups. d_ The activities may not be dificult enough. Questions 17-20 Look at the questions. Then listen to a radio announcement about an arts festival. 17 Whats the purpose of the announcement? a to-encourage creativity b to ecruit artists to participate in an event © to promote an event to educate people about art 18 Why does the speaker mention an address? ‘aso listeners can find the festival bso participants can vist the sidewalk sale ©) so listeners can pick up brochures d_ so vistors can purchase a button 19 Why does the speaker mention thatthe sale is juried? @) to say that the quality is high to persuade artists to participate © to point out famous judges d_ to demonstrate its variety 20 What does the speaker say about teens? a They receive a discount, (B) They must pay full price. © They require a special button. d__ They do not have to pay to attend. * 139Lead-in © Is there an electronic device you cant lve without? '* Have you ever thought about inventing something? What purpose would your invention serve? (See Answer Section) If you constantly lose your keys or cell hone then the new ‘nd improved Tracker "Nis the perfect solution! Tracker Il locates all your lost ‘tems using high frequency radio waves and is suitable for the most _technologically- challenged. Simply attach the electronic tags to the items you often lose and turn on your Tracker ll to point you in the right direction ‘The tags on our new madel are half the size and come ina range of colors and patterns to suit every taste! Now available in all large electronic goods stores for only 29.9911 Gaaget show Live, USN’ biggest gadget | ind appliances event” js making its first sit to Montana Peak! Get your hands on some of the hottest atigets in consumer tecnnoiogy, ome of 4 which nave yet tobe seen in the USA | As usual a number ohign profetecnolosy { exerts wit aso be on hand for quzing | ncusing Timothy Hawn fom Tech Tes Last year, the fist ten people to arrive ‘managed to get their hands on the limited edition BoxPlay by Techidome.? who { knows what people may get ths year | Reserve you tickets now! Log on at: www gadgetsnowive.com fort tikes. A When the first Tracker came out last year,? have to say, | thought the whole idea was going to be a flop.’ The old tags were so big that it seemed ke a real bburden to carry them around on your prized possessions. | mean, imagine ‘your cell phone with a huge tag flapping around your ear, you'd just look ‘idiculous! However, withthe launch of the new model, Ihave to admit fm ‘now eating my words. With some clever marketing, the designers have actually reinvented the adget into must-have fashion accessory. It also uses really basic hardware which appeals to even the most technologically-challenged." | hate to ‘admit it, but ¢ definitely be lost without my Tracker I now! Speaker Profile: Timothy Hawton Timothy Hawton is the founding member of Young Inventors and a successful columnist with Tech Times magazine, After spending four years experimenting with different gadgets, Hawion finally got his big break” after developing a hand-held mobile Phone which folded out into three separate screens fof ‘multi-tasking.’ Determined to bring his new invention to market, Timothy called on some experienced entrepreneurs to advise him, He soon realized how important collaboration with technical experts was and wanted to share this information with other young innovators? This was what inspired the beginning of Young Inventors. ‘Today, he holds innovation workshops in high schools, technology colleges and even on the strests. Some of his most successtul inventions hhave come from solving the everyday problems of people just passing by. Young Inventors now has over 2,000 members, 70% of whom are in the process of creating their own start-up businesses. Read the texts A-D and answer the questions 1-10. Question 1 refers to section A. 1 What isthe main purpose of section A? (global question) 2 to promote a new type of cell phone to wam readers about losing their belongings © to advise readers on how to not get lost @ to advertise a new technoiogical device Questions 2-3 refer to section B. 2 What is Gadget Show Live? a anclectronics store bacompettion © aquizshow @ aneshibition‘5, What wll visitors be able to do for the first time? fa experiment wth the newest gadgets @ visit the exhibition in Montana Peak ‘e meet some famous inventors reserve tickets in advance: ‘questions 4-5 refer to section C. ‘4 How could you describe the writers reaction tothe frst model ofthe gadgot? = ‘a excited —(@) doubttul = fb cuieus a. doappoines wk Fg atcs the rer mean by eating gl my words? £ fe dows rot tav ating ta. (© He takes back what he said. © He regrets what he said. 1d He was proven to be correct. ‘Questions 6-8 refer to section D. ‘6 What the main purpose of section 1? (global question) a togive nformaton abouta successful individual _ tooffer tips on how to be successful inthe industry © to explain how important technical experts are 4 to promote the Young lnventors organization 7 What does the writer mean by got his big break? @, He invented something that was successful b He came up with a new idea. © Hebegan to struggle wth something, He started doing anew activity. 8 Why did Hawion set up Young Inventors? ‘o sell his new invention to get help rom other inventors to help young inventors : to change the way gadgets are invented \ Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C, \ and D. 8 Which sections specifically mention a Previous gadget? @ AB,andC ¢ A.C, andD ® BC.andD d A,B, andD 10 What group of people would the Tracker suit? people who are very innovative ®) people who find using tochnology challenge © people who are very fashionable 4 people who have very busy lives de Aero) TLE Lad Inventions Fil in: invention roquency / electronics technology / appliances / hardware 1. Kyle loves machines of all kinds. He has many of the latest household aopilances, 2 The 20" century had more advances in technology than any other ccontury. 3 Lee has had a dificult time tying to market his new invention, 4 If @ sound is at a high enough frequency, dogs can hear it, but humans can’. 5 Keyboards, monitors and towers are examples of computer harowaro. 6 Tho store is having a sale on digital music players, cameras, ‘stereos, cell phones, and other consumer alectronics, 2. Choose the correc item. 1 The... ofthe assignment was to create a robot that could bounce, a task — 6) object © reason d_ lesson 2 Mark had trouble... funds to build his invention securing b fastening © producing d_ purchasing 3 People invented... such as hammers and handsaws in anclent times. a weapons b armor © utensis — @) tools 4 What is the most effective ..... for growing fults and vegetables? @ style (6) method © system = d_ manner 5 The two scientists... at length ver the issue of nuclar power. 4 fought questioned (@) debated considered 6 The approach seemed very... to all parties involved @) sensible b salisied ¢ sensitye — d_ sociable 3 Check the appropriate box(es), and then use Phrases to fill in the items below. bod new cars power offspring tony, o play one produce ¥ v generate / 1 The mayor hopes the growing tech industy will generate new jobs for the city 2. Alliving organisms must produce offspring in order for thelr species tosunive, Speaking & Writing ‘Would the Tracker Il be useful to you? What items would you use iton? © Do you think people in today’s society rely too much on technology? Why is this happening? Give a two-minute talk © What advantages and disadvantages does technology have? Spend three minutes writing about the topic. (See Answer Section) M41* a Gen Le — Expressing purpose explains why someone does something. It answers the question, "Why?* There are a variety of ways to express purpose: ‘+ torinfinitive ~ fm going tothe store to buy Ink forthe printer: (answers the question, "Why am I going to the store?” ~ to buy ink for the printer) in order to/s0 as to (formal) - He bought ‘video camera in oder to/so as torecord the play. In negative sentences we use in ‘order not to or so as not to. We never se not to alone. He used the ATM in order not 0/50 as not to walt inline, (NOT: He used the ATM notte wat in ine) + for + nound-ing form (when we want to express the purpose or function of something) ~ Cellphones were invented for busy people. We use microwaves for warming up food. 50 that + can/can't/will;won't (present or future reference) 50 that + could/ouldn'twould/wouldn’t (past reference) He installs cameras in department stores $0 that security guards can watch for theft. She ‘bought an answering machine so that she wouldn't have to wory about missing a cal, * in case + present tense (present or future reference) in case + past tense (past reference) {In case is never used with will or would, uyan additional memory cardi case werun out of space. (NOT: Buy an additional ‘memory card in case we i! un out of space) + for fear + might/should They paid forthe ‘extra warranty for fear theircamera might break while on vacation, * for fear of sthidoing sth He created ‘backup file for his work for fear of sing it. * prevent + noun/pronoun + (from) + «ing form They put up a frewallto prevent Viruses from attacking thelr computer + avoid + -ing form She bought an answering ‘machine avoid missing any important calls. When expressing purpose through use of clauses, follow the rule of sequence of ‘tenses = the verb of the main clause should be in the same tense as the verb in the j clause of purpose. she transferred her pictures | 10.4 USB so that she could have them printed. | So has many different uses. Be careful | not to confuse them when using s0 to express purpose. Concert ticket prices are so high that many people are nt going, (this j shows result, not purpose) | 1 stayed home so that | could fash my homework (this shows purpose) *O ee eee 41, Underline the correct word in bold. 1 2 3 10 She logged onto iTunes to/in case download a song He saved the document not to/s0.as not to lose all his work. ‘The institute applied for grants so that/in order to expand its research, ‘The police asked the witnesses not to leave in order to/so that take statements from them, Emailis useful for/in ease people who want to communicate cheaply overseas. Digital cameras are great so thatifor cutting back on fil development costs. ‘Sara sent the document by email for preventifear it might take ages to arrve by mail Palm Plots are great for/to people who are on the go. The Biackwells bought a DVD player In case/so that they could watch their favorite movies, He upgraded from dial-up Internet to broadband for/in order to avoid delays in connection. Revision 2, Shoose the correct answer. 1 10 " 2 It's a good idea to keep blank CDs on hand up your work @ incase you need to back b forfear © sothat din order ‘Jake bought an external hard drive... have more memory on his laptop. “ a tor b sothat © soasto incase Eugene, «nu. YOU met atthe meeting, is our new floor supervisor. @ which that © towhom — (@) whom He's reading the instruction manual... find out howto instal it aso) B to © inorder dor He installed a carbon monoxide dotector t0 ann the tank fom exploding, @ soasnot b avid — ) prevent. §—d_forfear Treadmils ....» are quite expensive, offer a good form of exercise a who b though they @ whch Jenny extended the margin. fit more data on the page. @ inorderto b sothat © for d incase Laser surgery is good for people who want 10 .a.uu wearing glasses or contacts. @ forfear —b notto © prevent. = @) avoid Wipe your shoes, ....7 Ive just mapped the floor. @ will you have you won't you wipe 4 you wll Put your cell phone on silent mode... disturb your colleagues. & sonotto for fear of ® In order not to @ toavold Linda's dad taped the whole rehearsal... the family could watch itover and over again, @ inorder for © toprevent @) so that “Could you bring me my coat?” one is yours?” a Whose — b What S) Which ed. Which of‘ammar Expressing Relationship Between Ideas a’ ‘sentences using the words in parent (SHAPE 3, Combine the sentences using the words in parentheses, a 1. | work in the city, My husband works from home, (while) J work inthe city while my husband works from home, expressing contrast explains differences, is pba, of unexpected resus TP owever Nevertheless ~ len compuer 2 Sho hasn'tlost ary weight She work ou regulary. spite of veo crs However, he tpn She has ost any weght inspite! woking out egy. «On the other hand ~ Cel phones con be 3 a loan becmne they create He had injured his leg. He played in the final game, (despite) harmful to our heath because they creat oly ee Despite his ured eg he played in the final game iim ‘ove bf in tines of emergency. 4 cid know how to use the new gadget. | read the instuctions « butivet~ She bough er digital camera, twice. (eventhough) tut she ce tke any ltrs. Eventhough read te instuctons tice, Foch’? krow how fo use ee + Despite/in spite of + noun/-ing form — the new gadget. Dest te fests irate econtues 5 Davis loves homemade food, He ates cooking, (onthe other hand) a he ere ees David loves homemade food, On the ober hand, he ates cooking Gluse ~ Inept ofthe fc that se had © Hetook a shortut He was tl ate for work atnough) to worked so hard, she wasn't promoted, Although he took a shortcut, he was still late for work, + although/Even though Though + dlause = Although here ware waranty, (A, Undertne cree newer, 1 ted em comers + While/Whereas + clause — This camerais 1. When Bill ost his job, he acted as ifthe world had ended/ended, 573.00 whereas this one is $59.00 2 Martha sounded as if she is/was sleeping, ck |» Whatever/No matter what + cause — 3. She acts as though she knowingiknows everything. | ‘Nomatter what he did, he couldn’ get his car 4 She treats hor 20-year-old son as ithe islwere a chil. onan. 5 This soup tastes as though the cook put/puts cinnamon in it is Revision Clauses of manner are used to express the 5 Choose the correct answer, } way in which something is done/sad, et. ~ F We use: 1 Evelyn said she us to buy her a new pair of boots. + as iffas though after verbs such as act, a will want © had to want it appear, be, behave, feel, look, seem, ® wantea J was wanting ‘Sno or something leks behaves 2 Trey lott gee Yor ™ ee al ein: despite playing he team 6) although the team played Tie eae ae b eventhe team payed —-d-_despite the team played ther verbs to say how somebody does 3. Well never know the fe880n Why nw her mind about te e Something, Hetaks asifa though he isan wedding per. a to change © changed +95 iffas though + past simple/past b changing @ she changed Continuous when we are talking about anunteal present situation Were can be —|-—=«« The Fords treat their sicyear-old gon a8 fhe... an adult used instead of was in all persons. | a willbe & is. going to be 0 ona acts a Was though she waswere has boon @ wero “lay years ld But she sy Ae sounds as ies though he wes rnin. ees) SS. * as iffas though + past perfect (unreal in . erty a vil ‘the past). She et or they had made fun of people are atderiy ee |, Pee Bute hadnt) 8 Dad was lato coming home again... he promised he would a fas though + any tense form take the next cay of so that we could al go to the beach, 3. (showing probability/similarity - how sb/ (@ Howover © While th seems). He fees as though he has got a b Athough d Whereas temperature, (He may have a temperature} 7 Many trees in the forest fire, @® were destroyed © destroy B are destoyes 4 are destroying 8 Ws0UNdE Bll very angry. He's yeting at everyone. a as © evenit (8) as though like that 43= rn | ll Concession is often expressed with 55 CEU a Chee e eee (Remember! though/even though/though + claus Eventhough had the day of went to workto finish some paperwork Though can also be put at then end ofa sentence. had theday ‘of. | went to work fo finish some paperwork, though. + despite/in spite of + noun/-ing form. Despite his laziness/being lazy, he stl went tothegym. despite/in spite of the fact + that- clause. in spite ofthe fact that he was azy, he went tothe ym, + while/whereas/but/on the other hand/ yet + clause. He had worked hard al year, yet he failed to get the prometion, + nevertheless/however + clause. She has alot of talent. Mowever she didn't make itto the final competition, + however/no matter how + adj/adv + subject (+ may) + verb, However hard she tries, she won't make it + adj/adv + though + subject + verb. Early though hes, he stil won't get front row seas forthe concert. * adj/adv + as + subject + verb. Tired as she was, she still wen othe party. ‘A comma is used when the clause of concession either precedes or follows the main clause. Even though she had studied ail ight she failed her exam. She flled her exam, leven though she had studied al night, in spite of/Despite can be placed in the middle of the sentence. 1 got soaking wet in spite of/despite having ‘an umbrella, *+ We use the perfect -ing form to show ‘that the action happened before the result. 1 got soaking wet in spite off despite having used an umbrella. Linking words show the logical relationship between sentences or parts of a sentence For example: Positive Addition: and, both... and, not only (but aso/as well), to0, moreover, in addition ‘0, furthermore, further, also, not to mention the fact that, besides — He is smart and nice. Negative Addition: neither ... nor, nor, neither, either ~ Neither Peter nor Maria has sted lately (See Grammar Appendix 14c for complete list) G Fill in the blanks with: although / but / despite / nevertheless / ¢ matter how / whereas, 1) Although the state of California is quite prone to | earthquakes, more people live there than in any ther U.S. state. People continue to move to its ‘major cities 2) seswito periodic shaking and the severe quakes that sometimes occur. The San Andreas fault line is one of the most dangerous fault ines in the world; 3) nevertheless, San Francisco is built within one mil Of it, Most people continue to live there 4) no matter how’ dangerous it i because the area isso attractive. It is home to millions of people and to on of the largest economies in the world. Many office buildings are built wit reinforced concrete, 5) whereas older buildings have been fitted with extr support. This ensures some safety, 6) but it will not save every building in th event of a major earthquake. Revision 7 Choose the correct answer. 1) We haven't seen the movie van. We've read the book: a despite bas © but tke 2 Talented... he is, his poor wrk ethic made him lose the competition, a despite —b however @ though din spite 3. You can go to the mal. YOU clean Up your room. @ apartiom b while @) aslongas din case of 4 “What di Al want? He just wanted to know... look at his photographs.” ‘2 whether had you taken) if you had taken b did you take you took 5 «We heard the story. @ thon (B) when © consequently d due to 6 Make sure you cal us the moment ..n. Out What time your fight leaves @ youlind b offinding © tofind —d_you wil find 7 |i the iauncty ..... my roommate made dinner @ despite although) while 4. thocefore The money... to your account tomorrow, si a wiltranster © willbe tanstored b Istotranster @ are to be transferred | went tothe pharmacy ...... needed to refill my presccpton, @a b 80 © moreover d yet 10 Kate. husband is Our doctor, wil be working wih us om now on. @ thather which (@) whose. dof her " the student had been wamed, he continued to disrupt the class, @ Athough b Incase © Ether d- Provided 42 Now gadgets, nu. the iPod, have become very popular with teenagers. @ which (6) suchas € Inaddltion whereas 13 She put the headphones on so ...... she wouldn't disturb anyone with her musi. a as ® that eto @ inorder 14 Everyone was atthe party nnn Bet. @ whereas b lastly © In paricular @) apart fromemacs Cem ia pesto 11. Sanalvays___stoutnow teat Nai 1, ste a hasn't she a. is talking b. wort she ©. ras taka ) conan sre @) take ‘d._ mustn't she d. will talk 2. ness ___towath i des 12. “Hor mater sa ostr and her father i © eoege Sho arated orton 'b. very exhausted “ she’s such an excellent student.” 2 tooauted a No mate " &. etetd b. Netto menon Ty ones. They teeter than ey ais &, Netouaeang es toy wel wh or cout hve 18. “Why i tv re b cartes “tei. Reade __ oleae ve 2. sed haa I d, would have (b) was asked 1 Soma at Sea nq 2 wer 14 "Wout youmindt___yourtelephone 6, uno “Oren nat © votre 2 wer edo | 4. weer | b. mesa | 5 “Why don't you get this skit?” @ tusod. het Sho a 18. Wewontgotoine paunesst___ raring b, enough nae sopped 2, mh & seve oi d., too ¢. would stop. 6 _____asingle clean shit in the closet! & wil stop hint 18. |awaye voy good ond of ino ) There a) corned her bo ©. Ther done ® conadered he beng 3. Reve &. am conten eo be . consider to be her a joke to make her feel better, @ said to 17, Henry is studying to be a lawyer just his father, b. told 10 a. as same as ©. said b. alke : @ told © like 8. That's Mag over there, 2 6. similar to @ Isntit 18. “Who the race?” “Whoever is the fastest.” b. isntitso ® doyou think wil win ©. isn't that wil win do you think 4. isnt there you think 8. The stadium was crowded people 4. wl do you thik win a. of 19. When I was afte git feed the ducks in the © win atk © by a. might 4. for b. must 1 ©) wo Do you object for a fow days? | 9 youd ® tomy gong u ; ®. to.go 20. Do you mind itt this ehaire 6. that go @) take 4 go B. am taking ©. wiltake 4. could take M5 yo1D EXIT Put the following advantages and disadvantages in the appropriate table. Compare with your partner, no need to rechar cell phone can't use it to send text messages Use the correct form of the phrases from the tables to ‘complete the paragraph, ‘More and more poopie are choosing cell hones over landlines; that is, telephones that connect through Conventional wires. There are many advantages and disadvantages to both types of communication. One ‘advantage to using a call phone is that they 1) can be used) from anywhere, even in a car or on @ bus, Aso, their 2) mary ‘unctions allow you t organize your day. On the other hand, ‘call phones 3) 2mir radiation which can be hazardous to Your health, Furthermore, cell phones are 4) vary annoying when they'e used in restaurants and movie theaters. An ‘advantage to using a landline phone is that it doesn't have @ battery, 80 there's 5) no meer! Yo recharge it. Also, since i's 6) ess expensive than a cell phone, you can save money. A clisadvantage to using a landline phone is that it 7) cant be ‘aken with you, and therefore does not allow for instant ‘Communication outside the home or office. Adkionally, landlines 8) don't nave extra features tke text messages and Intemet access. in my opinion, cell phones are a better ‘option because they are more converient and can be used | ftom many afferent locations Use the language box below and your own ideas to express whether you (would) prefer to use an MP3 Player or a portable CD player. Give reasons, small and easy to carry around many functions (calendar, calculator, etc.) | Expressing Preference \| + Trealykelenjoy * Td ratheripretor | Like. but refer... | ® Ion’ ke. ¢muchy/ | ii * Sometimes I just ike {don't really tke + Loccasionally ike to. | * hate can't stand i an MP3 player. don't tke ponabi } 1s you have to cary doesn’t have extra features, less exponsive emits radiatio in ) landline phone ) can't be taken with you advantages 4, 9) Uist as many words related to computers as yor can (e.g. email, keyboard, ..). Compare your list with a partner. (S29 Ansiver Section) ) Read the comments below. Can you find any ‘words from your list in Ex. 43? + “Lusually get one or two emails a day, and | really enjoy hearing from people | haven't talked to in a wile.” * “Even though computers are very convenient, 1 think i's a bad idea to rely so much on technology, It often leads us to become detached from our surroundings," * “Luse my computer every day. It helps me organize ‘my work, store my files, and go online. I don't see how | could live without i * “Computers can be quite expensive because you constantly have to upgrade them.” + “Computers can be interactive, Many museums have web pages where children can find a lot of information and then test their knowledge.” ©) Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the ‘comments. (See Answer Section)SET ara Me atl my ind the other is the examiner. Read the information below and do the task. (See tapescript for Ex. 7 as an example) Yr 5, Workin els, Ons the exami CHOOSING AN OPTION ation EXAMINEE INFORMATION situation | want to buy @ new electronic device. | have two options in mind, but | would lke to hear your opinion on what to buy. First Look atthe pictures and ask ‘* What are the options? ‘© What are the advantages of each option? ‘© What are the cisadvantages of each option? Then \when you get all the information you need, use it to give the examiner some advice to help him/her make a decision. You can choose from one of the options or provide a new one, Remember to use information you leam from asking questions to explain your final choice. Finally ier you have shared your decision, the examiner will ask you more questions about the topic. cS = {OPTION 1 a ANS + EXAMINER'S NOTES (See Speaking Appendix 144) y discuss the following. Model Interview : (See Answo 7. ®) Listen tothe examinee doing the task in Ex. 5. Find out the ' reason vi the examines chose one epton and ele the , RABORR ON GUESTIONS other. (Tho examinee rejected tne laptop because tis much more : | expensive to buy and repair than a desktoo computer He also I soo Faden a copie be For Gas, thinks itis easier to drop and lose al gta. though a desktop : | tonene Computer is a ile bulky taf in a home, he beteves that once a n't be a problem. His main argumer ‘are cheaper t ‘s that ¥y and repair and that ? 2 How is the internet useful? How much place is found it 10 you rely on it? desktop compu i 3 Why do. you thnk people. enioy anoying wes can be ticked aay eas) buying now slecwone. devices and ee oe ») {steno the examinee answering the questions frm Ex. 6 foe What wore the examinee's answers othe folowing questions? (See tapescript for Ex. 72) Hows the internet useful? * What does the speaker betiove isthe greatest invention of all ime? (What reasons does the examinee give to jusiy his/her answer?) 147Lead-in * Do you enjay going to museums? Have you ever been to a space or technology museum? What was rd ‘© What do you think you might see or learn about ata space o technology museum? Discuss ( Answer Section) ‘The Technology and Science Museum Foundation (vites you’ to its annuat ESrEoow acy. 8 ‘Our goal:” to encourage people and groups to participate in museum activities and attract funds for the museum programs. Our mission:? to educate youth about the importance of science and technology in our society and to promote science literacy Children are welcome to this fun-filed educational evening You can expect: tasty delights and drinks amazing science demonstrations Venue: Inside the Museum building Date: Thursday April 19, 6pm - 10pm! Dress code: Casual but elegant Tickets: family and corporate packages available ‘For donations and sponsorships contact our Fundraising Office at 613-019-2146 and ask for Ms. Ley. All gifts are tax deductible, ‘The Technology and Science ‘Museum offers a number of ‘opportunities for volunteers. if you have a passion for sclence and technology or are thinking about a career working in a museum, why not consider becoming 2 Sa volunteer at the Technology and Sclence Museum? At our hands-on museum, where visitors interact with technology, you'll get the chance to work with a great team of people and help set up and maintain databases, conduct research, for assist with school groups, camps, and astronomy programs, In return for your valuable help you'll get unlimited free admission to the museum2, one free admission to the Discover the Universe program, and a 10% discount on all items in our museum store. There's no better place to volunteer and no better time to star. If interested, Contact Volunteer Services at volunteer@tsmuseum.com? ‘Leap inte tadnmology @ Year Sir/Madam: 1am writing to_express_my interest_in working as a volunteer at the Technology and Science Museum this winter. Ihave been told that you regularly employ volunteers, and | decided to apply as | feel this would be a wonderful ‘opportunity for me. ‘have recently graduated from the University of Ottawa with a NAin History, my major being in the history of science and technology. | speak both English and French fluently and have a good working knowledge of German, {lam currently working as a tour guide for the summer as well {as volunteering on a research project. | also worked at the New Agricultural Museum for two years before returning to college to do my Masters. | plan to teach? the history of sclence in high school one day and feel that this is the ‘experience | need to improve my knowiedge of the subject. I believe that 1 am a friendly, hard-working, and retiable person? who has the needed patience and skills for this position. Please find attached my résumé and references. | am available for an interview at your convenience. Sincerely, Mike Raven © The Curator’s Corner Mathew Ross has been the curator of the Technology and Science Museum for over ight yars. At the time, the ‘museum waa facing a sorious financial disaster, ‘That did not frighten Mr. Ross who began to ork hhard on improving the rauseum's colletion. His first goal? was to find possible sources of income.* A donations and sponsorships program was formed thal gave miBY individuals and companies the opportunity to support & sreat cause. Annual events, hosted by Me. Rose himself have been held with grest suecess that thank and recruit supporters of the museum.” Over the past eight years, the musoum has managed to enrich ite collection and improve its research programe with the money elleted A volunteer himself in his youth, Mr. Ross has promoted the idea throughout all the museum programs, The museum now has some of the top researchers on board providing volunteers with a wealth of experience and knowledge.etl Ba ma io texts AD and answer the questions 1-10, this | Bem on 1 refers to section A. fer | Quest isthe main purpose of secon A? “a What announce company goals i 2 ak or ele va » qual hat peopl ato an event and to re00mmend activities for the event = questions 2-3 refer to section B. a do ehrtor gti ea rmany es ney var? ell ‘organize summer camps the b pay half price in the store ‘3 ¢ attend a program about the universe ‘of @ vist the museum for free rine ww eat gn ch | tae meaeun? ble a by going to the volunteer office he, ‘b> by sending an email j by caling the museum e 4 byhonng upon tre ‘uestons 4-6 reter to section C. {What kindof postion’ Mr. Raven applying for? a hsoten researcher b museum gue —@) volunter 5 What does the author believe about rise? 3) Ho's vary dependable. He needs tobe more patent, Ho want to practic his teaching 4 Fe san oxeolent researcher 6 Inparagraph 2, why does the autor mention good working knowiedge? to omphasize how wel he speaks a language © to explain where he got his work experience © to desorbe his experience in Germany 4 to explain ne only speaks German at work } ‘Questions 7.8 refer to section 0. j 7 Whats he main pont of section 0? (oda! gu 2. Nr. Ross ean budget his money wal Wr. Ross has brought success to the museum. © On voluneers work atthe museum Mr. Ross works really hard. ‘8 "What da Mr Ross do right after he was hited as curator? 2. He set some personal goals. ® He buita new coleaton ‘© He developed a way to increase funds. a @ He deciared bankruptcy. 9 NTO" 9-10 efor to sections A,B,C, and D. Wich sections mention fire plans? AB and ¢ B,C,andD ae A.B,andD @) all sections {tir Ross bo doing on Api 18 inthe evening? A leoking vera now clecion, ©) hosting a fundratsing event ‘eading résumés at his desk Veluntzering a ine museum Ae Technology 4 Filin: resentation /essarch / astronomy / collection lecture / mission 1. Elaine chose to study astronomy because she loves learning about the stars 2. The shuttle crew embarked on a dangerous mission to repair broken panels, 3. The display showcases a unique collection of racks from the moon, 4 The documentary gives a dynamic presentation on the solar system 5 The lab assistant is conducting research on space communications, 6 The professor gave a quest ecture on the chemical properties of water. 2. Underline the correct word 1) Were you able to make a cash transaction/ withdrawal/transter/cancelation at the ATM? 2 The containers are tightly stapled/taped/sealed/ fastened to prevent dust from getting in. 3. The system's not working because the cord is not tied/pluggedijoined/attached in. 4 Are you aware/tamiliarjacquainted/knowing of any new changes to the software program? 5 During a power outage, computers can activate/ Perform/operatesfunction on a generator. 6 Is your paycheck automatically/mechanically/ ‘substantially/involuntarily deposited into your bbank account? 7 Technology in the 19th century would be considered antique/prehistoric/medieval/primitive today. 8 It's only scientificlogicalvalid/obvious that many technological advances are born out of need, 3, Check the appropriate box(es), and then Use phrases to fill n the blanks below. a jungle onidea claims for oil a crime investigate / ¥ epoe 4 7 11 The dling company was granted the rights to explore for oi in Canada, 2 lf police don't property investigate a crime, the suspect may go free for lack of evidence, Speaking _ * Ofall the technological gadgets you own, which is your favorite? Why? Tell your partner. | © What do you think the world willbe like 100 years | from now? Discuss as a group. (* Soa Grammar Quanti ‘+ Some is used before countable or uncountable nouns. She offered me some sugar or my coffe. Some and its compounds (Gomeone, Something, etc.) are normally used in positive sentences, They can also be used in questions to make an offer, a request or when we expect a positive answer, There's something inthe mai for you (oostive) Would you ike Something from the stor? (offer) Can someone help mewith the ‘bag request(s there someone on the phone?(\ expect there 's) BUT 's there anyone onthe phone? ('m asking in general) ‘Any is used before countable or uncountable nouns. 09 ‘you have any money on you? Have you got any eggs jn the fridge? Any and its compounds (anything, anyone, et) are ‘ormally used in questions. isthereanyane home? They can also be used in positive sentences meaning “It doesn't ‘matter what/where/which/who.” Choose anything you ke. Any and its compounds can be used after if in a positive sentence. ifyou tell anyone, I be mad! * No/Not any can be used before countable and luncountable nouns. He has no energy let. There's no paper inthe printer No/Not any and their compounds (no one/ ‘not anyone, nothing/not anything, etc.) are used in negations. She told no one about her iliness./She didn't tll anyone about her ines. Any and its compounds are used with negative words (hardly, never, without, seldom, rately, etc.) She never goes anywhere without her cell phone. (Nor: her Remember!) “Some can also be used to express a certain amount or an Approximation. Some employees were given time oft while ters were made ro work overtime. Some two thousand people showed up fr the concer. eno) + A lot (off/Lots of are followed by countable or uncountable nouns and are normally used in positive sentences. Being a bullighterrequtes alot of courage. A tot ‘of can also be used in questions and negations in informal English. Were vnerea fot of people atthe game? ‘* Many is followed by countable nouns and much is followed by uncountable nouns. They are normally used in negations or questions. Ave there many chairs? There isn't ‘much progress so far Many and much are often used in Positive sentences after how, s0, too, or in informal English. Take a vacation; you've been working too much, * A few (= some, a small number is followed by countable Nouns. A little (= some, a small amount) is followed by luncountable nouns. Both a few and a little have a positive meaning. Markhas atte raom in hscarsohe'ltake ‘afew boxes ‘+ Few (=not many, almost none) is followed by countable ‘nouns, Little (= not much, almost none) is followed by luncountable nouns. Both few and litle have a negative ‘meaning and are rather formal. Very few/very litle, only a few/only a little are more usual. Very few people Aare accepted into NASAS program. My boss has given me very litte feedback on my work * Many, much, (a) few, (a) little, most, all, some, any, several, both, one, two, etc. are followed by of when a noun follows, preceded by possessives or words such as: this, that. these, those, the, ora. Take. few o these boxes out ofhere! Remember!) Too much i used with uncountable nouns, while much too is used with an adjectve/adver, hint ue too much Saltn te tometo soe This cote 's much too sang for ny toate. Se + Both refers to two people, things, or groups. It has a Dositive meaning and is followed by a plural verb. Both girl are playing soccer this season. * Both .. and is followed by a plural verb, Both Mom and Dad are coming 0 dinner * Both/All can go after the verb to be, after the auxiliary verb, but before the main verb. They are all/both very generous. They have allboth donated five undeed dors. * All refers to more than two people, things, or groups. It has a positive meaning and is followed by a plural verb. All the students are participating in the recycing program: * Neither refers to two people, things, or groups and has 8 negative meaning. Neither of + plural noun phrase ‘an be followed by either a singular or plural verb, Neither of them is/are coming to the meeting. BUT. Neither ‘tables big enough forthe kitchen, * Either refers to two people, things, or groups and is followed by a singular countable noun, Do you want to ‘order pizza or Chinese for dinner? ither choice is fine with me Either of + plural noun phrase can be followed by either a ‘singular or plural verb. Either of these two books covericovers the material. BUT: Either book covers the ‘material We can use not ... either (of) instead of neither (of). Either can also be used at the end of a negative sentence. | went to the party but | didn’t speak to either of them, My ‘husband can’ go tothe family reunion and can‘ elther, Neither... nor/Either...or take either a singular or plural verb, depending on the subject which follows nor of o. Either you or Helen has to help with the dishes Whole is used with singular countable nouns. We use althe/this/my ete. + whole + noun. He paid forthe whole trip? He paid forall the tri. We don't use whole with luncountable nouns. She spilled al the water. (NOT. $/ spilled the whole water) All + day/morning/week/year = the whole + day/ moming/weeklyear shes been up studying all nightithe whole night, * None of refers to more than two people, things, or ‘gfoups and has a negative meaning. Itis used with nouns oF object pronouns and is followed by either a singular or Plural verb. None of my students has/have finished the assignmenty, 1a * Grammar Quantifiers Ee" Underline the corect answer 16 She spent the ssn Right inthe 1 Ihave alt of DVDs, but vary fewiitiejvery tle CDs. nam 2. There's something/nothing/anything more annoying than looking or Pid for your keys in the morning. a] 3. I cant come to the moves. | have to go anywhere/nownere/ 17 th president or his somewhere with my mom representative will adress the 4. Can you give me a fewaIitle/many minutes to get my things? issue. 5 | have lttlestew/a litle cleaning to do before | come over. a Both =) Either 8 {stherenothing/anythingeverything you forgot to pack or your tip? b Neither “Any 7. have anyinojsome idea where | parked my cer 18... the students must have their ve mace a lt 3f notes, but havent wit 8 have made a tmuehimany of aes, But havent ten he Dolewencrenagenn por a Etter e Netter b None @) All 2. choose he corect answer, 19... ofhis novels was a bestseller. 1 There Was 190. Nowe and I couldn't hear the speaker Mt ° Whole a few b many © litte @) much Neither @ Either 2 cropped off his package for you. - 20 my brother and sister live on 2 Anyone —b Noone —€ Everyone @) Someone their own 3. The tourist asked for dlrections to the museum, no one knew @ Neither All where it was > Einer — @ Both a inspite b even © 50 @ but 4 I'm giving these books aay, so feel free to take you like. 3 Fillin the blanks with a word from a some — @ anyting —¢ rotting every below: 5 There are ‘of things you should consider before applying for all oth | ether / neither / none this poston, 1: Have you ead any John Grisham @ alt —b much —e atte ©. some novels? 6 This trip costs ......... money that | doubt we can afford it B: I've read two and thought that ‘@ suchmuch b so few © suchiitie —@ so much ‘oth were excellent! ere are we to work 0 fore we sign the 2X Do.vou hive any Sousina? 7 Tare 2 om etals we need to wor out belore we sign th 8: Yes, but | dont see them much @ any b omuch (©) afew d aiittle since they af Ive abroad, 3 A: Did you see the two Men in 8 Thanks fr offering, but! don't need. lp Back movios? @ any Db some c few d= much B: Yes, and | thought that neither 9 Ht smells... something is burning in here. Can you open a of them were any good. window? 4A: Why cit you buy anything? @ ast —b though © athough das ke B: None ofthe clothes | tied on fe 10 Mom, can Tom stay with us? He has to gol Property. a somewhere ‘@) nowhere 5A: Would you te tea or cotee? > anyunere @ everywhere 8: Either is ine with me. 11 What do you need? don’ Rave tne ee Te ee auch A, Underine the correct answer. oy four hundred people applied for the post. Some Berk snd) sJenniier! are, 2 Ma b Enough) Some Ar singers a Z 7 7 2 AllWhole the candidates were 13. There's very un. sugar ltt. Can you buy some? qualified forthe poston a tow > litte © afew ite 3. My aunt speaks neltherether 14 The play was a success... went as planned. English nor French, so we @ Everything b Nothing © Sometting d Anything Suprncae vw Greek my parents have university degrees. a Al ® Both © Some 4 All ofiNone of us were so excited about the trip, we didn't sleep the None right before, 5 The guest speaker's presentation lasted the allfwhole class period 1511 ‘EA 5 Fillin the blanks with a word/phrase from below: another | each / each other ( avery / every = Every and each are used with singular countable ‘noms, Every ond. fo other /one/ one another / oer / oer cay Segunda amb a ha Aree 1 Your apple pie fs docous! Can | have (al renything he said isa We he: another piece please? . fin ae Each time | try to call Pete, 2 Melissa came by the other day to show me her new car. = fey om oe 3. Which is your desk? That one? Peas and each (one) can be 4 The bus passes outside our house oe 15 minutes Ha ao ene 5 Tho students were asked to werk with one another on tel inal * Wer use’ every to refer to people or project. everybody/everything, Evry tenant has 7 My grandmother visits twice a month. usually ever other Saturday to pay building fees. (ll tenants) We use 8 Do you have any othar pictures from your vacation? each to refer 80 people or things 8 My frend and | didn't se each other much alr ne moved. separately. Each tenant wll have a tun fo Voie the conplaints (one at atime) ‘+ We use every to show how often sth Revision happens. take vitamin every morning. G Choose the corect answer. * We use every but eae words 1) They hardly ever do... without their father's permission. ‘and expressions such as almost, nearly, @ some thing b nothin © an anythin Practically, and without exception. She 9 9 7 er ayaana called almost every person she knows with 2 Why di the party nish 80 early’ the good news NOK sheeted coetecn ‘Becaus .... oople showed up, so it wasnt much fun, pecon helen wine @ eB tow © litle d alew 3 Today's game was watched by twice... last Weak’ a many fans as @ as many fans as than many fans das tans as © Spavones ar wed t aid repation 4 “Mom says she doesnt want anything for her bithday trae tine WAR neseok she says, we're gating her a ice present" es ene, 8 However @ Although tis to, oF for the other members. The 5 My bedroom wal could use... ost they lok so depressing Companies wrk with one another o provide a ite b alite e fow & afew better service fr their customers 6 Neither Helen......, 80 they go everywhere by taxi, + Another (= additional, an extra one) is nor dooa Nick oie ‘or Nick dios ose th igus rable nouns Cn hor dives Nck @- ror Nick dive fant em eet ples nck 7 Thirds... gps at eveyone ine nlghorhod i | * Another + few/two, three ete. + noun — atrald of it = Could you give me another five minutes a suchan b son 0 4 somuch fish his math problem? {Te chilton dove into the ake... being warned ofthe danger, * Other/Another (= different, besides this/ @ although (6) despite ¢ inspite d despite of Rea retimeerat 8 Look al that man, he's wearing a watch on... wrists : ers (When others used wit en ; @ noun, it has no plural form.) - Where = Bevery a ea the ‘are the other DVDs? (NOT: Where are the 10 "Can you hand me that book? thers DVDs?) BUT Here are sme of my WHER 88 you taking about?” ih DVDs, but where are the others? @ ones, 'b one ofbooks ¢ one book @ one i Note: Others can also be used to mean 11 Youook ..-»- YoU haven't understood a word | sala i (the) other people. Some people read @ assuch b though ©) asit a if | books others wat forthe movie version. | 12 You need to follow the instructions... instal the printer t * Each other (= one another) = We ontsee aslo b sothat 6 tor @ inorderto | + Every other (= every second) ~ ashy 19. Sinco yout both having problems with your homework, why dont | car every other week, YOU DIP warn + The other day (= a few days ago) —!saw both of you © one the other Elizabeth the other day; she’s back in town for (B) one another d each others afew weeks 14 The repairman has been trying to fix the air conditioner 4 whole day (B) the whole day ¢ all he day dtho all day 152Exam Practice | Grammar re" we them for over ten years. a) have known b. know ©. have been knowing dare knowing I cant afford a new car. a. buying b, my buying © toby d. me to buy Ive decided to become a teacher. . is hard work, you know." @) Being a teacher . That a teacher ¢. Ifyou are a teacher 4. Bea teacher You to Mr. Evans before you sign up for that class: a. spoke > should speak ©. goto speak d. had to speak This is the hospital which Jim was bom b. that Jim was bom cc. Jim was born there @ where Jim was born I've read everything {or the last two chapters. @) except b. exclude ©. beside d. apart Phil doesn't drink milk as you do. a, too much much (©) as much di very much ''m sorry, but | cannot this git. B. be able to accept ©. to.accept d. accepting Her fever was getting worse: work. ‘a. though b. despite ©) nonetheless 4. inspite » she went to ‘Te supervisor got his assistant a. sent (by t0 send c. send 4. tohave sent the fax, io 12, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18. 19, 20. 16 realy Ike to see that movie because a. was found the book intriguing ». found intriguing the book ©. intriguing found the book @) found the book intriguing can be very demanding. . The ages of two (8) Twoyear-olds , Two years of children 6. Two-years-ids we go on a picnic this weekend? a. Lets b. Where about ©. Why about 4) Why don't Ws, Finmore always gives us a. too many © lots of ©. alot several homework. she was tired, she decided to finish the ironing, ‘a. Whereas b. Because AS @) Although Terry thinks that physics a. are dificut b. has difficuity is difficult d._ can have difficulty Iwas such day that we went tothe beach ) a beautiful ©. the boauttul «. beaut a 4. very beaut My friends and Saturday. a. me b. us c. mysett a! are going ice-skating on Dan or Frank is going to buy a house. a. Neither b. Whether c. Both D Either you, | would've called the police. ’@. Had been (b) Were | ©. Unless | had been 4. If {had been 153TE Stare 10, 154 Pauline found a___of hair in her soup. a. thread ©) strana ©. fiber 4. string Mike's car tres were not___. They only lasted a year a. permanent b. heavy ©. stable @ durable How did the two of you become __? 2. aware b. known © acquainted 4. common ‘The laboratory __outits plans to begin cancer research, a. tuned b. held ©. checked @ caries What's the ___ that youl be able to travel abroad this summer? a. tendency ® tkelinood ©. chance 4. possible The sidewalk was ___with empty cans and soda botties. a. trashed (6) littered ©. dirled d. wasted The murder weapon was et atthe crime @ scone . place . site 4. location The rescue team ___off the search after three days. a. switched b. kicked ©. dropped @ called Can you tell me in which ___| can find the flour? lane aisle ©. path d. row Carmen often ___her clothes winen she does the ironing ® seorches 5. lights c. fires: 4. roasts "1 12, 13 14 18, 6 17. 18, 20. There's too much snow in the driveway. Let's __it off to the side. a. dig b. melt =) shovel drain Wie stopped the car to let the __of sheep cross the road. a. school b. pack ©. bunch © took The widespread use of cell phones has communications a. updated (6) transformed ©. converted 4. renovated {can't find my identification card. | must have __ it. @) misplaced b. misuses . mismatched d. mistreated The ship is a(n) _of the ones used in ancient Greek battles. ‘a. counterfeit b. forgery © replica 4. imprint Peter tends to__his opinion on rumors rather than the truth, @ base B. place ©. count 4. give She was ___ shocked to hear the news. a. frankly ©) utterly . hastily 4. closely The loss was very painful, but she had many family members toon. a. reat b. hold © lean & hang You can give these __of food to the dogs. a. fragments ©) scraps ©. remnants 4. crumbs The telescope allowed Nina to view the moon @. inadvance ~ . up front ©. atonce @ weclosea1 2 24 25. 26, 27, 28 30, Do you know the crime neighborhood? @® statistics ®. information ©. numbers . records regarding your Ten people ___in last night's flood. a. collapsed b. plunged ©. suffocated @ drowned I hope my test results are back today. The ___is xing me. a. theory b. anticipation . speculation @) suspense 0 you __the meeting to frish soon? a. think () expect c. guess 4. suppose The volcano erupted a century ago and has remained —~@ inactive . motionless . stationary . passive Would you mind ___up the kitchen before you leave the house? ® cleaning ®. brushing . washing 4. closing The laboratory ran tests 10 any blood particles. @® detect b. direct ©. deflect d. dissect The public was not easily ___by the poltician's lie. a. deserted b. failed ©. cheated @ deceived Tanya __with the officer to let her go without issuing a toket a. argued © pleaded ©. asked 4. requested Ittook seven years for police to__the crime a. clear . work e. crack @ sone 2 Fl {| Underline the correct particle. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 1. Make sentences with the phrasal verbs you didn't use. (See Answer Section) 1. The city council put on/forward/aside/up a plan to build a baseball stadium, 2 Georgia ran across/up/through/out of the list of chores and divided them with her sister. 3. Sharon saw her friend George out/throughiott/ about as he left her house. 4 The severe weather set aboutiback/oftfup our plans to travel into the mountains. 5 Paul's brother stood up forlin for/up to/for him when he was being picked on. 6 Lisa took initojottion more responsiblies at work. non / about / at / by / from. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 2. 1. Justin is very quick at learning new languages. Mary complained about the terrible food at the party all night. 3 She's quite selt-sutficient and rarely relies o anyone for help. 4 Blake has a broken leg resulting from a car accident, 5 My dad is a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the eye. 6 She was surrounded by all her frends the night of her graduation, 3, Choose the correct item. Check in Vocabulary Appendix 3. 1. Stephen did very badly on the test other ‘words, he failed aby Bin ¢ With = d On 2 Lisa and Greg were happy to find a babysitter such short notice. @at under © on a by 8. | don't know where Billi... the moment. aonb within © before = @)at 4 This isnot the right place. We must have made a PONG TET an mistake. @ty — botol ec with —d for 5 Sometimes they argue, but overall they stay good terms, @on bin eto d by 6 Ife don’ get gas soon, we will tun out... long, afrom bby @)belore din 7 My hours have changed. Ibe in at... ROW on. ato b betore @tom — d by 8 Most rato stations don't go... the air until very late. b in © into outof Phrasal Verbs/Prepositions ne 155Formal Essays (describing problems & offering solutions) Plan {An essay describing problems and offering solutions is 2 formal piece of writing that explores the nature of a problem, then proposes ways to solve it. The tone of such an essay should be objective, ike in a newspaper or magazine article. The last paragraph should contain the writer's personal opinion clearly expressed. Study the plan below: Parat ¢ state the problem «© state need for something to be done Para 2 © cause(s) & supporting details) © offect(s) & supporting detal(s) Para 3 * solution 1 & expected result * solution 2 & expected result Para 4 ® state personal opinion ® offer general thoughts on topic | Read the newspaper article excerpt and the task. Underline the key words. Then, answer the questions. 1. What are you going to write? What problem will you write about? 3 How do you think the problem can be solved? List your ideas, then compare with your partner. pene ensure) Millions of people travel every year to resorts for vacation, Unfortunately, tourism creates lasting ‘environmental problems that damage and even destroy the area. Beautiful areas that used to be clean and quiet are now busy with restaurants, hotels, and highways. 156 (See Answer Section) How do you think the negative effects of tourism can be stopped? Discuss the problem and offer solutions. Support your views, 2. Read the model essay. Are any of your ideas from Ex. 1 mentioned? In pairs, answer the questions that follow. (See Answer Section) & (Clearly) many regions have been damaged or destroyed because of tourism. Something must be done to reduce the negative effects tourism has on the environment. ‘One reason tour's has a negative effect on ‘an area is that hotels, shopping malls, and other attractions are buit over natural habitats, Otten forests are cleared, marshes are buried and rivers are diverted 50 that resort towns can be built up ‘is result wildlife is destroyed and ecosystems are damaged. Another negative elfect tourists have on a region isthe amount of electric power they use. Since so many people are staying at hotels and eating at restaurants inthe area, ights and appliances are used much more often than they would be normally. Consequentiy this puts a strain on energy resources. One solution to the overdevelopment that comes along with tourism might be to make construction laws. The government could pass a law that would only alow so many hotels to be built in an area. (This way) some of the land would be preserved. To solve the problem of sing electricity use, hotels could charge guests extra forthe excessive electricity they use during their stay. It would follow that hotel quests would | be more incined to turn the lights off when they leave the room and to be more responsible wth the amount of energy they use in general. +> lf. conctusion) Ife! that while tourism has its Benefits, we must be careful not to allow it to spread too fast. Regulating change as it happens is important in preventing longcterm damage to a place. What isthe topic ofthe essay? Which sentence states the need for something o be done? What are the causes ofthe problem? 4 What supporting details of the causes are provided? 5 What suggestions are offered to solve the problem? What are the expected results? 6 What is the writer's opinion on this matter? Do you share that opinion? Why (not)? 7 What general thought does the writer offer on the topic? Does the thought add to the meaning ofthe essay in any way? Discuss.Linkers and Useful Language for Essays Describing Problems & Offering Solutions Below is alist of linkers and useful language that will help you express your ideas in each part of the essay. Refer to the Writing Appendix V in the back of the book for correct usage of language phrases. [PART OF pk LINKERS LANGUAGE it seems that, as stated, a8 siarotho | dont, clea, Tata out, sometimes problem | cbousy, ceaniy, HS sentunderioodtvel (riroducton) | ®% —ne #98. |agreedeearapparent that, i recently, currenty Bate he Tush is nocseary that n action must be taken, gomatring to | — fomething must be done, fintroduction this cals fr, by cause (main because, dus to, one cause body) _ of, one reason, since aareak thatithis way, hasihave the Effect (main | consequent, a body) therefore, thus, then, Peg ed ne psultis cesta tan | tt this means that Supporting — | Tor example, for detail (main | instance, in particular, | — body) in other words oneanothor way to, | folition 2 oni onefanother ting to do, ; ‘onejanotner way to solvejot Solution | dition, what is trata) | arene ety | sohing this problem, one ” a, tien another way to improve/of additionally, ikewise | 'MProving the situation, shouldicoulmight Bpoces [eae T woud olow an recut fain |COnseauenty, | ain so, tah way, body) ceatagh eitee | then, would alow, it. then in shor, in conclusion, to sum up, to conclude, all in all all things Ubeliove that, think tat, Conctusion | considered, in the | fel that, | am opposed to, | fend, taking everything into account, in my opinion, in my view, to me am in favor of, Circle the linkers in the model essay. Compare with your partner. Then, replace them with alternatives. 4, Make a list of useful tanguage found in the model essay, then answer the following questions. (See A er Section) Which phrase: 1. indicates the expected result of a suggestion? 2 indicates an effect of the problem? 3. introduces the cause of the problem? 4 indicates the writer’s opinion? 5. states the need for the problem to be solved? 6 introduces a suggestion? Use the instructions in the parentheses to rewrite the phrases/ statements as in the example, Refer to the theory box above. (See Answer Se 1 Many people refuse to tum thelr cell phones off in movie theaters, (detaillinker) For instance, mary people refuse to turn their cell phones off in movie theaters. 2. Airport security is very strict now. ‘There were several attempts at terrorism last year. (cause/ language) 3 Build more centers for cancer research, (solution/language) 4 People rarely send handwritten letters anymore, (resultlinker) 5. Cloning is morally wrong, (state opinionvianguage) 6 The neighborhood must be made sater. (state need for something to be doneftanguage) 7 Older computer screens may damage people's eyesight. (state problem/language) 8 Elderly people often pay more than they should for the wrong product when it comes to technology. (etfectlinker) 9 Doing schoo! research on the Internet is acceptable. (state ‘opinion/inker) 10 Students are normally not well behaved for substitute teachers, (etfectianguage) 157Introductions and —__ TT Conclusions | Main Body Paragraph ~ Cause and Effect Cause is something that brings about an effect or a result. Effect is what 6 Fillthe blank spaces with complete | happens as resut of a NS a8 a result ofa cause, sentences that fit the plan and that have to do with the topie. For example, ol pls cause water polation; oil spl make pollution happen; water poution is caused by ol spills among other things). 1. Problem: Generally, car thet is a An effect of water poluion isthe death of fish and seabirds; fish and problem incites, seabirds de asa result of wator pollution, Need for action: Something must Basically, you have a cause and effect telationship if one thing makes oo re ae pen Paces! aro not another thing happen. In other words if you can fit the two into an if ataid to rive ther cars into te cy thom statement (cause happens, then effect happens) eg If there is an Opinion: In my opinion, urban car oil spl then a lot of ish and seabirds co. theft is increasing, but addtional securty can help solve the probiem a General thought: 1 car theft is seduced, the oly strects will be 7 Match the causes with their effects. Can you think of another effect? Saler overall Causes [£1] The weatner is warm and sunny in May and June. ~ Outsoor Soon programs tk soccer and football begin, ‘TV oF computer screen, a Need for action: Parents must do (ZI) The ety but a subway system. - People can get rom ane plac 2. Problem: Generally, young people spend too much time in front of a something to get their children to ‘o another quickly and efficiently. Wen less Wand be, men [SIE] Many professional athietes cheat by taking steroids. dificult for ‘clean’ athietes to compete and w physicaly active. mn: In my view, parents should that cheat. meso te receany att te CHIE] nhs not inet n month. — ear ovel ofthe ues ans their children engage in more lakes ute jow, Graal ewe: chon ac pave an nama comechen een or fem ascent © 1V ano comune erect they would be more physicaly active. @ Tratfic above ground has been greatly reduced, 3 Problem: Many teenagers skp b thoconawintgen schoo © People mst iy on pub varies an temet cle fo web se. Mood for acon: Acton mst bo 4 isaitout ir sudensia at nice axe concerts ne cate iter ona’ entra onoet ctmonte of se or €- Most pots organzatons now equ tits to tak hood tate Opinion: To my mind, parents betore compet shoul be held exporter ahd are abeare .—_—______ : Genur Tough a pans = responsibilty to see. that thor Main Body Paragraph - Solutions & chen ata sont | Expected Rese The traffic in big cities i 7 Proven Ha Tom aca Sndthe | Offering a solution is an action that would solve a problem similar to Problem making a suggestion or giving advice. For example, a solution to the environment ‘problem of heavy trafic might be to build another road. Need for action: Action must be poser pal enrarecard viet In your essay, you should imagine the expected result ofa solution to prove to the reader that your solution will work. For example, the Opinion: 1 think that it local expected result of busing another reed lr dens tense ne {governments and individual drivers 08d wil be less crowded because the cars are spread across more all make an effort, trafic problems roads. can be reduced, General thought: Everyone involved must be part of the solution, Think of the folowing chain: problem - solution — expected result (attic 5Dulling another road — fewer cars on each road). Bulding another road ‘a solution to the traific problem. The expected resuit of this solution is that there wil be fewer cars on each road. 1589. Look at the diagram in which solutions and © expected results surround a problem. Decide if each statement is a solution or an expected result, and complete the table. ‘Students wil be caught © 1 Students wall not skip Wares ind | class because it will skip class, and will have affect thelr final grades. Tees pee, Give students who Lower grades for skip lass extra. (every class missed homework. 7 (es tia Bene ” ‘Students will want to tices) 5 \\ attend class and take ee Ae nee | students foune wandering the halls while class is in session, then report those names to the principal Students will not want to skip class because it will just mean more work for them in the end. Brainstorming for Ideas First read the short newspaper article, then read the task and follow the steps. Body Image The (actors and actresses, models,) and (celebrities, featured on teleison and in magazins)are clearly people. However, most often the media doe not show these famous people as they look i(teal ‘They are constantly surrounded by sists who help them look their best, In addition, many of them have ‘undergone (plastic surgery) Despite these realities, people sil sulfer from negative body image) and feel that they will never be able to ‘measure up) to this ‘ideal. OS How do images of beautiful models and celebrities affect the way we think about our own bodies? Discuss the problem of negative body image and offer solutions on how to solve it. ‘without a medical or @ \Ceote from a parent Solutions Q) Find two solutions foreach ofthe following problems, 1. Problem: Studies show that our city has more litter than any other city in the country. Solution 1: Impose a fine for ltering. Solution 2: Place 4 trash can on every comer. 2 Problem: People download music files from the Internet, even though itis against copyright laws Solution 1: Don’t make rt available to download. ‘Solution 2: Trace the people that do it and fine them. 3. Problem: The air in cites is often very polluted and not goad for people to breathe, Solution 1: Enforce @ ariving ban in certain Solution 2: Alow people to drive every other day according fo their license plate number areas Step 1: Read the news excerpt and circle the words) phrases which you think are the most relevant to the ‘home Step 2: Read the task and undertine the main idea to understand the topic of the essay you will write Step 3: Make @ word list or a spidergram linking the circled/underiined words and add your own ideas on the same topic. ‘© celebrities ‘© normalsized people ‘© thin images of women thought fat © size zero © crash dieting © extreme diets * anorexia © plastic surgery * low self-esteem ‘© body doubles © ordinary people can't ‘= muscularimages ofmen measure up '* personal trainers © extreme lengths unrealistic role models Step 4: Write the problem down as a complete sentence and think of the cause and effect. Ask yourself, "Why (problem)? to think of a cause and “What happens ‘when (problem)? to think ofthe effect Problem: Many people have a negative body image. Cause: People compare themseives to celebrity images and feel they do not measure up. Effect: People do not feel good about themselves and ‘may goto extreme lengths to change such as crash diets or plastic surgery Step 5: Use your word list or spidergram to help you think of two solutions. Soltion 1: Recognize that meaia images are unrealistic. Solution 2: Stop comparing yourself to them and look at people around you instead. 159(oT 10 '" Pairs, practice the five brainstorming steps using the following andalism in schools 1s @ growing excerpt and task. Then, write the main body paragraphs. probiom that affects students, parents s and school personnel, Steps need to be taken to solve this problem so school ‘unds can be spent on education rather than | Elementary School Tightens on repairing damage to school property | | | | i One soliton would be to tighten securty Security After around the school. instaling securty cameras, locks, and alarms would act as a deterrent and would show that people care enough to protect the schoo! from being damaged, Anather solution would be to organize socal events and try to involve all the students. Students may start to appreciate her schoo! and care enough to ook ater Vandalism occurs when there Isa lack of respect for the ‘school and schoo! property. lf there is no. sense of community in a schoo, then there fs no concer forthe effect that damage i have onthe school and its students, Allin all, | believe vandalism must have consequences for the vandals. and students should respect the schoo. Th way, the problem will hopefully be iia Garfield Elementary School aig Prevented. Atr al, schoo! should be a clean, sat, and happy place Vandalism Incident tightened up this week because of a new fei | vandalism}. Police are looking into the matter, but it | is still unknown who the people were that broke into | the school. Parent want more action by) { ‘Schoolteachers)and stalfand are very concerned, 'b) Answer the questions based on ‘Vandalism is a worldwide problem in schools and colleges. Why i Bee tatiet oasis do students damage school property? What can be done to Brevent them from doing it? Discuss the problem. Suggest ways 1 In which sentence does the wetter to solve it, state the problem? Undertine it 2 Does the writer state the need for -_——— —$—— — something to be done about the problem? Where? Reviewing your Essay for Structural Errors 3 What does the writer say is the cause of the problem? What tinker/language does the writer use to explain the effect? Once you have written your essay, reread it to make sure: ‘ © itfollows the plan, * linkers and linking language aro used in correct places, with correct com 5 How many porape fa o «Soo sess wr te + tees foe one pot eds no 6 Does we stck he op? + Solin Sn uncon sorts 7 iat ae mec et) 5 Teva ie sopra y preps se pln ol you ote ft son? + say does oy tase & oyu the res sautns —ee . wud tec! 11°) Resa essay at stant wate or te askin 10 ® ‘han wits ein? ve What structural errors do you notice? Discuss it in pairs and ob What linker writer use 12 correct. Compare with another pair, eda tis eee uae Introduce the conclusion? 160\Write a letter to the Eaitor of the school newspaper in which you addre students, Discuss the problem of bullying and give your classmates advice ‘on how to improve the situation, writing Read the newspaper article excerpt and the tasks. Underline the key words. What is the topic? (The topic is bullying in schools.) In pairs, answer the questions, Who is going to read the letter? (the Eclitor and all the students) 2 What advice can you give? What wil the supporting detalis/resuits bullied should tell someone th port they need. Sor @ victim the confidence to deal 3. How can you end the letter? (Bullying is a 1 and we “4 What is the problem? (Children jad in school and are (oo afraid to a: ing bu 3d this problem? Give examples. (Children or ¢ feem, due to neglect or ot the fact tant to inform are the effects? Give examples. (Vic oolisute 7 How do you thin expected results auth should 2 jossible and not show fear. Al Many children experience bullying at school, but are reluctant | to inform their parents or teachers, It does not seem that the practice of bullying will end any time soon, but victims should at least be prepared to handle it and to defend themselves in effective ways ‘What causes bullying? How can victims of bullying handle their situation? Discuss the issue. Use specific examples to support your views. 413 Use your answers in Ex. 12 to write either the letter or the essay. (See Answer Section) aeealist ——— 4d After you have finished writing your essay/letter, check it for the following. ‘Are linkers and language used correctly to make the letter/essay flow? 1s a wide range of relevant vocabulary used? [1 Is formal tanguage used? Letter [[_] !sthe reason you are writing and the problem stated in the first paragraph? [#8 advice with supporting tails & results mentioned in each body paragraph? [hope that the advice wit help expressed inthe last paragraph? Essay [[_]Isthe probiem stated clearly =" and objectively in the introduction? [Js the need for something to bbe done stated? ‘Are the causes of the problem with supporting detais stated In the first main body paragraph? Are the effects of the problem with supporting detais stated in the first main boy paragraph? [7 Are solutions offered and "— supported by expected results in the second main body paragraph? Is your opinion stated in the ‘concluding paragraph, followed by a general thought cn the topic? 161“CoE Cenk 4 What supporting details reinforce this viewpoint? 5 What is her second viewpoint? What supporting | Understanding the Task details does she provide? Your clue a to which po of atofessay to wite can What isthe opposing viewpoint? How does the 'e found inthe task instructions. Find the action words, ter argue against it? |_|. orthe words that command you to do something. Hers 7 Which of te folowing does she include in the last | ate some other ways of phrasing the same commands: Paragraph: third viewpoint & supporting details? | ‘restatement of her opinion? thanking reader for | Describe the Problem listening to her views? ‘* What are the causes [© Why is this problem 8 Suggest an alternate frst and last paragraph for the | and effects? 80 serious? letter. ] ‘* Discuss the problem. | * How wil... affect ...? | * Discuss the © What probiems ma influences and arse? * Dear Editor, aime © What factors ..2 {am a regular reader of your newspaper and ; ore |1am writing to express my views on the question | of misleading advertisements and whethor they A are a threat and a danger to consumers. In my opinion, such advertisements have very harmful 1 Read the excerpt and the tasks and underline the effects on people. key words. Then, answer the questions, In the frst place, consumers who believe what these advertisements say waste their time and money on products that do not give the Promised resull. This is because many advertised items are not authentic. They may have hidden costs or leave out important What does each task ask you to write? ‘© What style should you use? age-reducing cream gets rid of etals. For example, a college adverising a wrinkies Course may give a price which does not include the additonal cost of books or accommodation o = siete Secondly, people can develop serious Earn trent drs vst ie mci er a college degree designed for them. By not visting their doctor in six weeks! without starving yourself with first and getting a written prescription for our new diet pill! ‘medication, consumers may be taking a great risk. For Instance, people who take diet pils in ‘order to lose weight may experience unpleasant or harmful side effects Nevertheless, some people argue that Companies are fre to adverise ther products in Advertisements ike these seem to be appearing everywhere and the State Department of Consumer Affairs is worried that | __ misleading advertisements can be a threat and a danger to o=nne any way they feel to be effective. They claim that @ business needs to advertise in order to ‘promote its products and boost sales. However, ‘Write letter to the editor of the National Gazette offering the desire of businesses to make money should your point of view on whether misleading advertisements not come before the wider interest and well- ‘are a threat and a danger to consumers, being of the general public. Instead of trying to | mislead people, advertisements should simply try to inform them about what new products are avaiable In short, | think that itis totally wrong for businesses to advertise items in a way that deceives the customers. People are put at rise by such a practice. Thank you for taking the Why do companies use misleading advertisements to | | Promote their products? What can happen to consumers wino buy into these types of advertisements? Describe the causes and effets of misleading advertisements and what can be done, time to read my letter. Sincerely, | 2. Read the model and answer the questions. ‘Anna Bridges | (S02 Ansar Saction) | 1 Why isthe wrter writing the letter? 2 Is she for or against the topic? Now write task B 3 What is the frst viewpoint the writer uses to defend 3 \ her opinion? Underline ita Revision & Extension Writing v B {Reed the excerpt and the tasks and underine the key wordsmain 1 Is the problem stated clearly and Idea. How do the two tasks ditfer? What isthe topic of each task? objectively in the introduction? (Bee Answer Section 2 Does the writer give a reason why | j she 1 ting the leter? Undertine | mrreticeae Pe erowrth in consumption of ready-made this sentence. PPRRENERE B cess hgh i sa, and sugar is noted asa 3 Complete the table wth ideas from PARTE sor cose of elt problems Heath exes the eter. PROMO ARR ar concord tht problems such as hea disease and high-blood pres sharply as a result of people's bad eating habits. ‘They hope to encourage people to prepare more home-cooked meals, in which the amount of fat, salt, and sugar can be adjusted to healthier levels. \ite a letter to the editor of your local newspaper about the problem with ready-made meals, Discuss what actions can be taken. Suggest ways that people can be encouraged to eat healthier meals. In your opinion, what are the reasons why people eat ready-made meals, instead of home-cooked meals? What can be done to solve this problem? Discuss the topic. Support your views, | | | | | Read the model and answer the questions. Dear Editor, Hes! that There is growing concern regarding ythe increase in consumption of ready-made meals. | believe that there are serious health risks associated with eating these kinds of processed foods. | am writing this letter to suggest actions that | believe the government should take to stop this trend before it becomes a 4 Are the suggestions summarized in bigger problem. _ One way (to improve the situation would be to put.) the last paragraph? (One suggestio" that | believe would help is to put warning 5. Is this summary followed by a labels on ready-made meals. These labels should contain reatatomont of postive olocts tmeseages tllng people to exercise caulon when consuming thoae suggeetions wil have on the foods wih a high fat, sat, or sugar content. | belive that when problem? people see tase message, they wil top and think about what asciton, Hos we wie used polite, formal they eat and possibly consider eating a heather meal ik language? Give examples, another suggestoh that | think would felp 10 BAN yeu! mip 7 Undonbe the lnkerfook adverisemenis decd toward chidren that advertise unhealthy to (oan language the writer has used to foods and instead promote healthy eating through infomercials. | ‘make the letter flow. Replace them believe that children are highly susceptibie to what they see on TV. with other synonymous ones, Advertsing ready-made foods may cause children to establish bad 8 Underline all vocabulary related to ‘eating habits that will be hard to change later in fe. | the topic. Has the writer used a In conclusiof, | believe that the government should provide / think wide range of relevant vocabulary? warning labels for ready-made meals and replace advertisements! 9 Suggest an altemate introduction directed toward children that advertise unhealthy foods with ones and conclusion forthe later. promoting healthy eating. This will encourage people to eat healthier meals and give children a chance to establish good eating habits that wil stay with them as adults. Sincerely, Betty Miller 3 Now write task B. a - - — 163* Lead-in Name some deserts you know. ‘© What comes to mind when you think about a desert? Tell your partner. ‘© What lives in the desert? Discuss in pairs. | Read the text and check. | Read the passage below, and then answer the ‘comprehension questions. Some people think deserts are drought-idden, empty wastelands What they may not realize is that deserts are swarming with life of all kinds Lizards, snakes, camels, birds, even fish, make their home in the deserts. Many large plants grow only in these dry, sandy areas - the Sonoran Deser’s saguaro cactus,? the Mojave's Joshua tree, and the Sahara Desert’s palm tree. Millions of people worldwide also occupy deserts and have done so for centuries. However, increasing temperatures could disastrously affect desert life ~ plant, animal, and human alike. ‘As reported by the UN Environment Program, the threat to the world’s deserts has reached a critical point, with desert temperatures expected to increase by 45°F, and rainfall expected to decrease by 20 percent! by the end of the century. Climate change, due to global warming and environmental pollution, is one major cause. In ‘dryland’ desert areas (areas that are able to support crops), other major causes include business, government, and technological development. Mining, building efforts, tourism, and military operations, for example,> further damage the desert’s sensitive ecosystem and rob the land of soil and plants that are essential {for maintaining its natural state. As most people know, increasing temperatures are alo affecting the non- desert areas of the world. It is estimated that by the end of this century extreme drought will have claimed 1/3 of the planet, making land that is inhabitable today uninhabitable in just a few decades. Unless change implemented soon, the effecton deserts and the wold itself may be reversible! 1. What is the main idea of this article? 3. Where is the saguaro cactus found? @ Rising temperatures are endangering desert lands inthe Sahara Desert ¢ in dryland areas and the entre earth, b inwasteland areas @) in the Sonoran Desert Global warming is the main cause of rising desert eens’ 4 What does the article say is occurring less often? Rising desert temperatures are a problem few extreme drought people know about. b farming d_ Deserts are being threatened by rising technological development temperatures and environmental pollution. @ santa 2 What is meant in the second line by swarming? 5 What is mining an example of? @ filed © empty building efforts ¢ military operations “D wasted expanding crop growing @ business development 164Fr Were elisa Weather Conditions 17 nm ill in temperature / wasteland / ppoltion / drought / ecosystem / development Along absence of rainfall can cause extreme drought and ruin crops. Urban develooment continues to spread farther and farther out into the country. Life in coastal regions forms a fragile ecosystem that would be destroyed by a rise in sea levels. The area once had lush farms, but ‘now i's an industrial wasteland, Environmental polation is negatively affecting the planet's water supply, atmosphere, and sol The average global temperature is expected to rise by 37°F in the next 100 years. Underline the correct word. ‘You have to be a champion/ daredevil/spectator/conqueror in ‘order to chase tornadoes. ‘A major thunderstorm/hurricane/ earthquake/landslide rocked the city for several minutes and caused some bulldings to collapse. ‘The weather is not going to be nice today. The sky is overcasticovered/ scorching/cloudless. He grew up in northern Canada and is accustomed to living in a cold condition/setting/climate/ weather. ‘The weather is always warm and humid in Arctic/temperate/ tropical/desert regions. A warm breeze/air/draftigust passed gently over us while we were sitting in the front yard, Please drive cautiously/precisely/ accurately/etfectively. The roads ate icy. The storm/smog/rain/current was 50 thick, you couldn't see any of the buildings downtown. 16. 3 Read the sentences, and then use the words in bold to fill in the blanks. © The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds the earth's surface which extends for many miles into the sky. The degree of moisture in the air is known as humidity The equator isthe imaginary line that circles the riddle ofthe earth. When a large wall of snow suddenly falis off the side of a mountain, | itis called an avalanche, | ‘+ A forecast of weather conditions predicts things such as temperature and wind speed for the next few days. 1. Central Africa, South America, and indonesia are areas that ie along the equator. 2 The air gets thinner as you rise into the upper levels of the Earth's, atmosphere 3. The weather forecast is difficult to determine for more than two weeks in advance, 4 The road to the upper part of the mountain will be closed today due to a(n) avalanche. 5 The /umvity inthe air will be high today, so it wil feel muggy and damp, Aj Check the appropriate box(es), and then use the phrases in the blanks. Choose four phrases and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) 1. The weather forecast for today will be sunny with clear skies. 2 Ifthe police falsely charge you with a crime, you must fight to clear your name. Speaking & Writing ‘* How is the weather affocted by the environment? Discuss, ‘* What can be done to reduce rising temperatures and environmental Pollution? (e.g. plant trees.) Spend three minutes writing about the topic. 165* TH runiamecn cae = + Type 0 conditionals are used to express a general truth or scientific fact, In this, type of conditional, we can use when instead of if /When + simple present + simple present ~ ifWhen ie melts, it turns into water Remember) When giving instructions about areal or ) probable situation in the present or future, a form of Type O conditional is often used: if + present tense > | imperative - if Teny wants to come tothe | picnic, let me know. | * Type 1 conditionals are used to express 4 real or very probable situation in the present or future. If + any present form ple future, imperative, can/must/ may, etc. + bare infinitive ~ Ifthe rain continues, houses wil flood. * When the if-clause comes before the ‘main clause, we separate the two parts with a comma. When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then we do not use a comma to separate them, + Type 2 conditionals (unreal present) are used for imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present, and, therefore, are unlikely to happen in the present or the future. We can use either were or was for tst and 3rd person singular in the if-clause. Type 2 conditionals. are also used to give advice with the structure If l were you, If were you, Id do some research before writing your teem poper It + simple past/past progressive -» would/ could/might + bare infinitive 1 had ime off from work, | would volunteer to help the poor Itt was snowing today, we could skiin the mountains NOTE: In American English, although was is often used for 1st and 3rd person singular in everyday speech, it is not considered grammatically correct. If Mom were here, she would know what todo, (NOT: ‘Bihormwaetite .) * Type 3 conditionals (unreal past) are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the past. They are also Used to express regrets or criticism. If + past. perfect/past perfect progressive -» would/ could/might + bare perfect Infinitive - if had brought my camera I would ‘have taken nce pictures ofthe volcano. If Lindo ‘hadnt gone sailing, she wouldn't have been stranded out eta during the storm. 166 Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense. 1 2. Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tens Last week, we went on afield trip to Liberty island to see the Statue of Liberty. If 1) hac watched (watch) the news the night before, 12) would have known (know) it was going to rain and 3) orought (bring) an umbrella Luckily, they gave { Us raincoats on the ferryboat. We got to see the torch exhibit as wel, which was realy fascinating. we 4) had fad (have) more time, we 8) would have been abio (4 (be/able) to go to Elis Island and visit the American Immigrant Wall of Honor. However, our time was @&V limited. Our teacher told us if we 6) wanted (want) 10 Bg \, ‘come back, we could arrange another visit. Lon a 117) were (be) a teacher, | 8) would make (make) sure this field trip was part ofthe curriculum because it is something every American student should experience. ‘A: | put the shelves up backwards! B: Ifyou had read (read) the directions carelully, you wouldot have ‘macte (not/make) that mistake. ‘A: If you wor (win) $1000, what would you do? ''d travel abroad, AA: If you pass (pass) by the post office, will you buy (yourbuy) me ‘some stamps, please? B: Sure, Lisa failed her math exam, Ht she had attended (attend) classes more often, she would have done better on her finals. 2> Danny called earlier. It he calls (eall) again, can you put (put) him through to me. You missed a great party last night! Hf you hadi told (tell) me earlier, | would nave come (come) instead of leaving for the weekend, Be we j Revision 3. Circle the correct answer. 1 {don't know what I'd do if! ever ....n. & Burglar in my house. a find b wilfind —¢ wouldfind —@) found Could you check if there is... ink et inthe printer? a anything ban © something —@) any She cartes her favorite pencil with her... she goes a nomatter b © no matter that (d) “Phil said you didn't handle the situation very well." “Really? I'd love to see what he... he had been there. nowhere wherever a hasdone b does (6) would've done d did one of the wealthiest men in the counity, he gives nothing to charty. a In spite he is However he is ® Although he is 4 Despite that being We'l go ahead withthe plans unless she... to make any changes. a wil docide © decides » doesn't decide won't decide= nb i ld or ‘american English, woul sometimes used in the if would Fd and 3rd conditional ould you have done If that alr one det merce vad happened 0 yOu? conditionals by using such a unless ye mals), providing/provided that, Cont gon conan (chat). sat if suppose/supposing, otherwise ot), but for, and, or (else), ever if, ‘ase offin the event af, et. ~ Youcon tslong as youte careful ‘We use if to show that something might happen, wheress we use when to show © that something wil definitely happen. nest oe back at 5 0'ack : sy D tether be occa 5 ook, tis certain that Tara will ome by) We do not normally use will, would, or je can form we words/expressior YOU wil nave 0 sent, rs. Andrews willbe with yeu ns cert. (Will you please have a Seat ~ polite cequest) 4 you will oon talking (1 a co ask you to leave. (F you insist on talking ~ insistence) ! wonder if shel come in tomorrow. (1 wonder Whether — uncertainty) * Wo can also use should after if to talk about something which is possible, but EF very ely > happen. if lynn should 6a tl he at work until 8 o'clock fonda ( don * really expect Lynn to call) * Modals canbe followed by a FeOMessive infinitive in conditional Sintences. would stil be cleaning the ‘ante hed helped me Boob? 2 conditionals we can 20 ulin the fctause, in this | cou EAN Wasiwere able to. If wre i 6 thee poo “ im, ines ul oF should canbe used meant, f Would, depending on the mig hd been mre care cin l/sould have avoided the * Cer Lame ior way 4 Undertine the correct word(s). 1 2 1 Unless/Provided you finish your homework, you won't be allowed to watch TV. You shouldn't wear Mom's earrings without asking her. What iff Otherwise you lose them? | wouldn't wear that dress what it/even if you paid me to. You should leave now, etherwise/supposing you'lbe late for school "help you with your homewack in the event ot/on condition that you walk the dog for me. Incase of Providing an emergency, you can reach me on my call phone. Otherwise/Supposing we leave work early, do you think we'll make iton time? ‘Your friend can spend the night as long asiin the event of you promise to behave yourselves. Revision Circle the correct answer. WF were Fh os the poor will holo © canholp ) would help 4 would have helped They sn» here for twenty years by the end of this year a willbe living ) will have been living wil ive d arelving ithe studies hard, he... ll his exams, a passes © would have passed b would pass > will pass Harry suggested |... to the dentist. @ 90 b gong © togoing © d_ tog. He found a wallet, |... it tothe patos. a should take © can take b musttake @) would take Im exhausted! fd rather... home tonight. a tostay stay © staying dbo stay If were yous... Jogging alone at night a mustn't go ¢) wouldn't go b- shouldn't go: d_ couldn't go 10 1" 12 “Does Mom want us to order a vanila cake ora chocolate one?” Lean remember se.” 4 which one she wants © that she wants > which was what that one she wants You'd better clean up that mess... a else b what © supposing Mom wil get mas. @ orelse Bil... yesterday. has installed an alarm would install an alarm © had installed an alarm d had an alarm installed You can wait another thirty minutes till Or. Jones finishes with his patient; we can reschedule your appointment. a) otherwise b aslongas but for d_ incase “Do you want any honey in your tea?” “Yes, please, but. a onlytew ‘b only litle © ttle only few 167Thao] Cy 4 A: Id better hurry oF I'l be late. B: Ifyou had gotten up early, you wouldn't be (be) in a rush now. Cie Koed We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits it, by combining an if-lause from one type with a result clause from 5 A: can't believe Angle isn't speaking to me! B: Well ifyou wereihad been (be) more thoughtful and caring, you might've avoided the misunderstanding. another | Wrelause | Release) j én xed conditionals. is wee Rewrite the following sentences as mixed conditionals | Phe hada fever [he won'tcome to 1 He didn’ take the bus to work and now he's late again | yesterday, school today. It he had taken the bus to work, he wouldn't be late again. Type 2 Tyee 3 2. She never takes anybody's advice, so she didn't do what you ifyouweremore | youwouldn’t have recommended, corel crashed yourcoc If she ever took anybody's advice, she would have done what you Types Type? recommended. fthade’ gotten up | would be atthe 3. He drives carelessly. I'm not surprised he had an accident. date meeting right now. ithe drove carefully, ho wouldnt have had an accident 4 He was very sick yesterday. | don't think he'll come to work today. the hadn't been sick yesterday, he would come to work today. We can omit if and use Inversion in all Conditionals, This structure is more formal. ‘Should he lose the elections, i willbe a critical setback in his political career. Were ! you, fd ‘apologize. Had he been interrupted, he would ‘have become very upset. 5 He didn't sleep at all, so he'll be tired at school. If he had stepl, he would be tred at school. Q) Rewrite the following sentences using inversion. 1. If he were more hardworking, he would get a promotion, Were he more hardworking, he would get a promotion G Fill in the blanks with wil, should or whether. 2 Ifthe circumstances change, we will notify you at once. Should the circumstances change, we will natty you at ance 1. I don't know if |i be able to make itto your party on Saturday. 3 If she had been asked, she would have gone to the party 2 iit you wait here, please? Mr Had she been asked. she would have gone to the pary Smith will see you shorty. 4 Ifyou were more careful, you wouldn't break things all the time. 3. If Cory should drop by, tell him to Were you more careful. you wouldn't break things all the time. meet me in the park. we 4 I wonder whether Joe passed his 5. Ifshe had written down the directions, she wouldn't have gotten lost. driving test. Had she wiiten down the directions, she wouldn't have gotten lost. Should you continue to annoy me, Ii tell the teacher. sa Revision 10) “irte the correct answer. Put the vorbs in parentheses into the 7 Ratthe worbe in pa 1. You can keep the car for ten days... that you don't like it after : that, return it and you'l get your money back. 1A: Are you looking for Andy? a Did you decide ¢ Were you decide B: No, but if you should see him, b Had you decided @ Should you decide fell (tel him to come to the 3 meetiag Ge aon 2 The insurance agency is investigating... fault the fre was. a why (® whose of whose which 2 A: | got an invitation to Sarah's wedding, 3. Our friends are coming over for dinner. us about it earlier, | Bi, Tha fice, llwonder keane would have bought a cake for dessert. @ Had they told © Had they been told inte (Invite (Cimets)ne too. If they have told d_ They had told 3 A: Would you and Greg tke to Sor a Role an aN 4 The airine offcial informed the passengers... athree-hour delay. omer @ that there would be © ofboing B: Well, | don’t think Greg canywill Raoul Gelng) ca os) come (come), but 'm fee. 5 If computers hadnt been invented, OuF Ives ...... very diferent today. a willbe (6) wouldbe ¢ theywouldbe d were 168Sear Mec aa Bilyisagreat basketball player, Timothy isnot. @) whereas b. when «. desoite unio This wl have to be approved by both the supervisor the cle execute oo. a too Dor @ and a aso (Oh, no! Horgot__the font door ‘a. locking ® tlock lock locked ‘You have a few days let to decide you want to accept their offer. (@) whether or not b. however ©. whereas d. as | found his directions ‘a. to the park with confusion confused with the park © to the park confusing . confusing the park “did't pass my driver's test” “tm sory ’ a. to have heard that ». for what | heard ¢. that heard G to hear that want to apologize to you right. the way | acted last a. with ® for ©. of d. at He slipped on the banana peel__ home from work (@) while he was walking . he was walking @. as he's walking 4. while he walks The Speckled Band. by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. a. wrote b. writes © was written d. was writing Girls __ focus on their appearance more than boys. ‘generalization generally ©. general d. generalize © 11 12, 13. 14, 18, 16. 18, 19, 20. ‘Tere must be some This is all wrong, @) mistake . mistakes c. mistaken mistaking go to Alentown yesterday. a. should have b. must c. needed @ had to Irs. Donaldson expected everyone to come tothe ‘seminar, but only three people showed a. in ® up ©. away 4. to You can'tuse the elevator because its a by b. in © ou . outside Mom. of order. The stike lasted __a week unt 8) tor © long a 4. more “Ijust came back from Alaska.” “Wow! | wish | there with you. a, might have been b. must have been © could have been d. have been Andrea____ 1995. @ was bom in ». bom trom . was bom at d. tom in The snow leopard is a(n) species ‘a. endangering b. danger c. endanger G endangered We hav a Spanish lesson 2. Wo every week © twice a week ¢. twice in a week 4d. twice the week Our teacher an amazing story. a. said b. had told © tod d. saying 169* 1 Gir | Part | You wil hear several short conversations. After each conversation, you will be asked 2 question. Listen, look at the pictures, and ‘mark A, B, or C. Here is an example: _(EXAMPLE:\ = (_ — Glee = | ° CE)eT adi < Part Il ‘You are going to hear four short talks on different topics, Before each talk begins, you will have time to look atthe printed questions, After listening to each tal, you will hear 4 to 6 questions on it. Choose the best answer to each question from the printed answer choices a, b,c, ord. If you wish, you may take notes as you listen, Questions 1-6 10 What do people like about Francesca Carlton? Look at the questions, Then listen to a talk to some her gentle tone of her voice ‘employees. b_ her honesty with the media 1+ Wy dl the speaker reter to his document? her respect for other actors and actresses a to check the name of the agency @) her cisregard for tabloids (®) 10 soe how many people should be present 11 What does the speaker mean when she says: © to confirm the number of replacements needed @ Hor confidence has increased. to find out everyone's names She has become more vocal 2 Why was the speaker annoyed? © She has voiced strong opinions. The agency was supposed to find replacements Her acting has improved. b Two peopie were to0 sick to attend Questions 12-16 No one had learned the exhibition's background Look atthe questions. Then listen toa talk by a tour guide. @) The agency had not warned him in advance. 12 What isthe purpose ofthe talk? 3. What does the History of Weathor exhibition focus on? 4 to warn the tourists about the dangers in the park a the weather 2000 years ago | to ask tourists to decide on an activity the background of early astronomers © to provide the tourists with the history ofthe park €. the science of weather @ to el the tourists about the actos forthe day 4) the strange theories and tests 1. What ime of year does the speaker recommend people 4 What does the speaker say about the visitors to the visit the park? _ exhibition? a fall b summer © winter @ spring 4) Children particulary enjoy hearing about unusual 14 What does the speaker plan to do withthe group fst? facts Visita water © see the widite b Many of them come to lear about science. b gomountaineering —d_have a quick pienlc © Scientists aways ask alot of questions. 48. Whats interesting for nature lovers? 4 Visitors come from a wide range of backgrounds. | a They willbe able to got close to animals 5 What does the speaker say about the philosopher? (b Theres potential for hem to discover anew spaces ‘is contemporaries thought he was crazy © They willbe given @ Bock about birds b His predictions about the weather were accurate. d_ They will be able to ask scientists about the animals. He published many inaccurate theories. 16 What does the speaker warn the tourists about? He developed a number of weather instruments @ thetishing eres © the mountains {Wat doos the speaker mean when he says: 4: > the waterfalls 4 tho rvers Speak siowiy tothe vistors Questions 17-20 Ensure all your facts are accurate. || Look atthe questions. Then listen toa radio announcement. ©) Make the talks as interesting as possible 17 What is unusual about the weather? 4 Let the vistors quess the answer frst. a It was predicted to ran that morning, Questions 7-11 © tis sunny during the cainy season. ook atthe questions. Then listen to a radio broadeast. © tis the fst warm day in a week 7 What surprised the speaker about Wesley Manning? 4 Iti sil coo! atthe beginning of March 8 the subject of the movi he is starting in 18 What does the speaker say about the watering ban? how uncomfortable he looks on the red carpet 2 ttapplis to al recreational uses of water © how hard he is trying to avoid the cameras 'b Itwill last the entire year. @ how much his body has changed ¢ It will not apply to people with small gardens it wll affect how much water costs, 19 Why does the speaker mention a website? News articles about the ban can be read there. ®) Advice on saving money can be found there. © Details on afected areas can be seen there The price of water can be seen there. 20 What does the speaker mean when she says: Water companies are expanding their buildings. bb People are using more water than they should © Water companies are getting nervous, | Water companies are charging more. 8 What does the speaker say about Misunderstood? 4 Itwll not be successful b tis citicut move to starin © tis very scary. @ tis expected to be vary good ‘9 What does the speaker ‘say about Francesca Cariton? She previously worked behind the scenes | (8) She had a ifr startin the move industy © She has always been admired for her personally. @ She was criticized for her poor performance.