Name of Subject: Basic Computing

Month of studies: Second month

Teaching assistance
A spreadsheet is a program that is used to perform mathematical calculations from a simple to
highly complex operations. It is a series of data cells arranged in rows and columns. These data
can be of various types and are able to interact with each other for the final resolution of the
calculation.

The spreadsheet combines the capabilities of the machine computation with its functions and the
interrelationship of the data.

With regard to Excel, we can say that this is its fundamental role, but added that there are other
ways that make it more powerful to work, such as the incorporation of images, representations of
data using mathematical graphs and exchanging information with other programs.

In Excel 2007 we have the types of options. To view all the contents of the tapes we have to go to
office button and click options in Excel as shown in the following screen

In the options of Excel we can choose the tape programmer to obtain the tools of data, in addition
the bar of tools of fast access can be personalized adding icons (images that represent actions of
the program).
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

The personalize option is chosen to add or remove customized commands that are not available in
the different bands of options (Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, Vista,
programmer that was latter added).

As shown in the following screen:

Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

To create a spreadsheet, you introduce in the cells a constant, a formula, or a function. A constant
is an entrance that it does not change. It can be I number, or can be descriptive text (a label). One
formula is an arithmetic combination of numerical constants, references to cells, operators and/or
functions that the result of the calculation unfolds. A function is a predefined computational task.
We also do not forget on hierarchy operators, this is the form as the spreadsheet makes the
mathematical calculations with the following symbols:

 Parenthesis (); Hooks []

 Multiplication *; Division/; Powers ^
 Addition +; Subtraction –

All these calculations we always made them of left to right seeing as it is the operator or symbol of
greater hierarchy.
Example:
= (5 + 4) * 5 = 45
= 5 * 4 + 5 = 25
Remember, these criteria are very important when we are working with formulas.

Spreadsheets, definition and characteristics.

Spreadsheets: A grid of rows and columns numbered and labeled alphabetically which can reduce
the work task involving repetitive calculations.

For calculation, the spreadsheet should contain a formula, a step by step procedure to perform
numerical calculations and/or chains and/or logical operations that result in a numerical value or a
string of alphanumeric characters. The user cannot see the formula in the cell, only its effect. The
formula or information from a particular cell is presented in a specific state of cell line.
All people today need to perform calculation documents: financial, logical, statistical and
mathematical work:
 You, friend student can prepare better your duties or tasks with an application of
spreadsheets like Excel.
 The professional will make his reports, quotations and projects with an exceptional quality,
including graphs and diverse dependent scenes of the variables like costs.
 The retailer will make lists of prices and controls of inventories.
 The management assistant will make controls of payments, controls of times and
attendance of the employees.
 The professor can create his own notes of classes and solve calculations of equations, etc.

You need to read a little bit more on your own about this subject using any information
source.

Formulas on Excel

Microsoft Excel contains many predefined formulas or functions. The functions can be used to
execute simple or complex operations.
The characteristic of the functions is that they execute calculations using specific values,
denominated arguments, in a determined order in the syntax. For example, the ADITION function
adds values of ranks of cells and the function PAYMENT calculates the payments of a loan being
based on a type of interest, the duration of the loan and the main amount of he himself.

The arguments can be numbers, text, logical values like TRUE or FALSE, matrixes or references of
cell. The argument that is designated will have to generate a valid value for he himself. The
arguments also can be constant, formulas or other functions

The syntax of a function begins by the name of the function followed of an opening parenthesis,
the arguments of the function separated by commas and a parenthesis of closing.

Equal symbol (if the function is at the beginning of the formula)

Name of the function

Arguments
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

=ADITION (A10;B5:B10;50;37)

Semicolon separates each argument

The parentheses lock up the arguments

The functions consist basically of two parts: the name of the function and the arguments: =
name_of_the_function (argument)

The assistant of functions allows you to facilitate the handling of functions and it is possible
to accede to them simply with the corresponding icon, once the cell has been selected in which it is
going to include the function:

Later, the assistant of functions will display a dialogue picture in which will be possible to select the
category of the function and the specific function according to the selected category.

When selected the function, it will appear a new dialogue box in which the parameters of the
function will be entered (function power as much to elevate a number to a power like for roots with
different mathematical connotation):
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

Notice that by each function, in this dialogue box, the definition of the function and the arguments
or parameters that the function requires, will appear. Blocks of cells can also be selected and not
necessarily one cell, doing click on the icon that appears in this dialogue chart.

There are a very great variety of functions and are grouped by specialty, example
mathematical functions, statistical, financial, among others; you must select according to your
requirement

If in beforehand does not know all the parameters that a function demands, it is necessary to go to
the menu of functions, to select the function at issue and to put the parameters according to the
exigencies of the function, to understand this part, the explanation of the own system must be
read and followed.

Please, review any other information source about this subject. Or maybe it is time to
contact your tutor or attend to its tutorial schedule.

LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

It is possible to nest up to seven functions IF as arguments value_if_true and value_if_false in

order to build more elaborated tests.

When the arguments, value_if_true, and value_if_false, are evaluated, the function gives back the
given back value by the execution of the instructions

Examples:

A product inventory requires to maintain an existence of 20 of each product, in the first place the
problem implies two results to us, therefore the first though is using the function IF.

=IF(A3<20;” TO MAKE ORDER”;” NOT TO ORDER”)

In the example, if the value of the A3 cell is minor that 20, the logical test gives as TRUE result and
will take the value from the argument VALUE_IF_TRUE, that in this case is TO MAKE ORDER,
opposite case (that is to say, S.A. >=20), will take what it is in argument VALUE_IF_FALSE (NOT
TO ORDER).

Let us suppose that is wished to describe with letters the bench marks with the Average name

If average is (Value is cell A1) The function gives

back

Up to 89 A

from 80 to 89 B

From 70 to 79 C

From 60 to 69 D

Fewer than 60 F

The following nested function could be used IF:

=IF(A1>89,"A",IF(A1>79,"B",IF(A1>69,"C",IF(A1>59,"D","F"))))

In the previous example, the second instruction IF value_if_false of the first instruction also
represents the argument IF. Of similar way, the third instruction IF value_if_false of the second
instruction is the argument IF. For example, if the first logic_test argument (Average> 89) is TRUE,
value “A” is given back. If the first logic_test argument is FALSE, the second instruction is
evaluated IF and so on.

Functions nested within functions

In some cases, maybe you have to use a function like one of the arguments of another function.
For example, the formula in Figure 1 uses a nested function AVERAGE and compares the result with
value 50.
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

Limits on the nesting level. A formula can contain seven levels of functions at the most nested.
If Function B is used as argument of the Function A, Function B is a second level function. For
example, the function AVERAGE of the Figure is both functions of second level because they are
arguments of the function IF. A function nested within the function AVERAGE will be a function of
third level, etc.

To introduce formulas: When you create a formula that contains a function, it will help you
to introduce the functions of the spreadsheet. In order to modify a formula give click in of the
formulas bar.

FUNCTION AND()

It gives back TRUE if all the arguments are TRUE; it gives back FALSE if one or more arguments
are FALSE.

Syntax AND (logical value 1; logical value 2; …)

Logical Value 1; logical value 2; ... they are of 1 to 30 conditions that that wishes to verify and
they can be TRUE or FALSE.

The arguments must be evaluated like logical values (TRUE OR FALSE), or arguments must be
references that contain logical values. If a matrix argument or of reference contains text or empty
cells, those values are ignored. If the specified rank does not contain logical values, the function
and gives back to the value of error # VALU

Examples

AND (TRUE; TRUE) it is equal to TRUE

AND (TRUE; FALSE) it is equal to FALSE
AND (2+2=4; 2+3=5) is equal to TRUE
If B4 contains a number between 1 and 100, then: And (1< B4; B4< 100) is equal to TRUE

Let’s suppose that it wishes to only show the B4 cell if it contains a number between 1 and 100,
and that wishes to show a message if it does not contain it. If B4 contains 104, then:
IF (and (1< B4; B4< 100); B4; “The value is outside the rank”) is equal to “the value is outside the
rank.”

IF B4 contains 50, then:

Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month
IF(and (1< B4; B4< 100); B4; “The value is outside the rank”) is equal to 50

FUNCTION OR()

It will give back TRUE if some of the arguments is TRUE; it will give back FALSE if all the
arguments are FALSE.

Syntax
O(;logical_value1; logical_value2; ...)

logical_value1; logical_value2; …. are between 1 and 30 conditions that are desired to verify and
that they can be TRUE or FALSE.

The arguments must be logical values like TRUE OR FALSE, or references that contain logical
values.

If a matrix argument or of reference contains text or empty cells, these values will be ignored.

If the specified rank does not contain logical values, Or will give back to the value of error #
VALUE!

Examples

Or (TRUE) he is equal to TRUE

Or (1+1=1; 2+2=5) is equal to FALSE

If the A1 rank: A3 contains the values TRUE, FALSE and TRUE, then:

Or (A1: A3) is equal to TRUE

In this example we are going to see one more utility of the function =IF (). We will take to a
control of entrances and exits of money in the style of a current account. In the column of the
Salary we will locate the money entrances and in the owe Column the outcomes.

The last column we will use to take it the control of the balance, that will calculate adding to the
previous balance last the possible entrance and reducing last the possible exit to his money.

Check out this prepared sheet:

In the E3 cell we will place the formula. In principle, we could place a simple formula like this one:
=E2+C3-D3, that is to say, the previous balance (E2) more what enters less (C3) what leaves (D3)
and would work. The problem resides when this formula we copied it downwards. As data do not
exist or the cells are in target, the result would be the following one:
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

The balance always would be repeated because in the cells to his left they would be empty and
would always make he himself calculation with the previous balance. Aesthetically it is not left too
much well. We are going to use the function =IF () to fix it just a little bit.

In the same E3 cell we wrote the formula: =IF(O(C3>0;D3>0);E2+C3-D3;"").

Watch the letters OR and their parenthesis in which there are two separated conditions by
semicolon. Since we have put the operator Or, it must fulfill only one of the two conditions so that
the formula takes place. If no, it will not leave anything ("") . The conditions are that in C3 there is
some number (C3> 0) or that in D3 there is some number (D3> 0), that is to say, if we wrote
some positive amount. In that case, formula E2+C3-D3 is executed. On the contrary he will not
appear anything in the cell. So that he does not appear anything, we have to write two "" (null
space). If now we copy the formula downwards, it will only appear the balance of the row that has
data:
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

First month

Observations

The TRUE value can be introduced directly in the cells and formulas with no need to use this
function. The TRUE function is provided mainly by its compatibility with other programs for
spreadsheets.

Microsoft Excel provides additional functions that can be used to analyze the data based on a
condition. For example, to count the times of appearances of a text chain or a number within
a rank of cells, it uses the function of spreadsheet COUNT.IF.
To calculate an extreme cradle in a text chain or a number within a rank, it uses the function
of spreadsheet SUM.IF.
In addition we have trigonometrical functions (considering which the program takes by
defect the units in radians), of text (to concatenate, code, character, spaces, length,
extracts), search and reference (buscarv, buscarh, index, allow us to make dynamic
references of table of data), of information, of engineering, date and hour, data base

Another one of the potentialities of the spreadsheet is the handling of data, to make
orderings, filters, lists, validations, to consolidate, subtotals analysis and to import and to
export data of data bases.

In the following screen is an example of a validation of data:

Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

First month
We could also validate rank of data for numerical values that can be applicable to other
requirements, like for example validating the certificate, the age etc.

A list of dates can be configured as you can see in this example.

Select the list to obtain a control that is to drop-down list.

We can make graphs such as statistical, trigonometrical, which offer facility to make
representations of linear, conical equations, and other that can deepen in the text guide

Another one of the tools is to make a processes become automatic or perform tasks through
the application of macros.

Finally, Excel is a powerful aid in the migration of data, from and towards other programs or
other versions of spreadsheets.

NOTE: It is important to mention, that the main guide with that the students count is his
professor Tutor, he himself who has all the obligation to take care of his restlessness, as well
as the students have the responsibility to go to the in site tutoring, but it is not necessary to
leave of side the most important tool and easy access for any person, this is the Internet.

Please, review any other information source about this subject. Or maybe it is time
to contact your tutor or attend to its tutorial schedule.

Learning Activities
Note
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

First month

Note.- Each sheet must have assigned the number of activity, according to is
shown in the graph. And logically each sheet must have the corresponding
exercises.

Learning activity 2.1.

GUIDE GUIDE EXAM GUIDE GUIDE EXAM

NAME 1 2 1 3 4 2 AVERAGE NOTE
AMORES JIMMY 12,00 15,25 7,00 10,00 12,00 19,00
CALERO PATRICIO 14,00 16,50 14,00 5,00 14,00 18,00
PEREZ PABLO 12,00 19,00 16,00 2,00 18,00 16,00
ARIAS MARCELO 16,00 17,00 13,50 17,00 13,00 14,00
LUNA LUIS 20,00 10,00 18,00 19,00 10,00 18,00
ZAMORA ALEX 19,00 11,50 15,00 16,00 17,00 12,00
RAMOS LUCIA 13,50 16,00 16,00 3,00 19,00 10,00
QUITO PAOLA 14,50 18,00 19,00 7,50 6,00 18,00
NAVARRETE LILIANA 18,25 9,00 18,00 14,75 17,00 15,00

Request COURSE AVERAGE

MAX AVERAGE
MIN AVERAGE

1. Validate data of each numerical column (greater or equal than 0)

Valide datos de cada columna numérica (mayor o igual que 0)
2. Using functions, obtain the average for each student
3. Using functions, obtain global average of the course
4. Calculate the number of students
5. Using functions, obtain the Maximum AVERAGE
6. Using functions, obtain the Minimum AVERAGE
7. Using the logical function IF, determine if a student APPROVES, when the average
is greater or equal than 14; and FAIL if the student obtains an average inferior to
14
8. In column note Use logical function “AND”, according to the average; representing
the following parameters:
20 – 18 = A; 17 – 16 = B; 15 – 14 = C; 13 – 12 = D; 11 – 0 = E

1. You must use only functions to calculate every data

Note

Learning activity 2.2.

Develop a table with 20 registries (rows) with the following elementary information of a
citizen has:
Request
FIRST
ORD NAME LAST NAME AGE INCOME CATEGORY
Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

First month
1 SMITH MARLON 15 200
2 SUAREZ JOHN 18 145
3 CROSBY PETER 45 612
4 JERSEN ANN 12 781
5 WALKINS JOIS 22 1285
6 ROSE MARY 17 289

Using only functions you are asked to calculate:

o In the category column:
For the students:
OLDER THAN 18 AND WITH INCOME GREATER THAN 300, IT WILL BE “A”,
OTHERWISE “B”
o Using only the entrance of the ordinal, it will display automatically the
respective first and last name.
o Count how many citizens belong to each category
Note -----------------------------------------------------------------------------…
o Usando sólo funciones usted se piden calcular:
En la columna de la categoría:
o Para los estudiantes:
o MÁS VIEJO QUE 18 Y CON EL INGRESO MAYOR QUE 300, SERÁ "UN", POR
OTRA PARTE "B"
o Usando sólo la entrada del ordinal, desplegará automáticamente el
respectivo primero y último nombre.
o Cuenta que cuántos ciudadanos pertenecen a cada categoría

Learning activity 2.3.

With the information obtained in learning activities 2.1 and 2.2:

 Make a comparative graph of all the categories (percentage), using the data of
learning activity 2.2
Request
 Make a graph using the data of learning activity 2.1, so it will show the
percentage of approved and failed students.
 Locate the graphs in a new sheet.

Remember: In order to be able to use the assistant of graphs, you must know clearly in what
Note cases can be applied each one of them.

Format of
Microsoft Excel file.
delivery
Send the Learning Activities through the platform, by means of the option Program, in
the section Contents, a file whose name must be:
Send to
Format: G#.lastname.lastname.Name.Subject

Questions or Send your questions or doubts through the platform: use the section send mail and you
doubts mark the name of your tutor.

The subject tutor

Name of Subject: Basic Computing
Month of studies: Second month

First month

Evaluation

Second month
Learning Activities

Grades

Learning Activity 2.1. 5

Learning Activity 2.2. 10

Learning Activity 2.3. 5

Total 20

Assessment

The evaluation will be based on the robust and consistent criteria, creativity and ability to
make decisions. Remember that the resolution of the guide is based on reading the text,
understanding concepts and applying them to examples requested. I dare to remind you of
the obligation to read the Rules of students, especially I recommend carefully review from
102 to 119.

The examination shall be without consultation, so I

recommend you check the text very well guide or any other
source of advice that you consider appropriate

The subject tutor