Evangeline Guibao 12 HUMSS B

I.
A. Sampling techniques
the selection of a subset of individuals from within a
statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole
population.
Probability sampling
A sampling technique in which sample from a larger population
are chosen using a method based on the theory of probability.
Non-probability sampling
A sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process
that does not give all the individuals in the population equal
chances of being selected.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Simple Random
A subset of a statistical population in which each member of the
subset has an equal probability of being chosen
Systematic Random
The random sampling method that requires selecting samples based
on a system of intervals in a numbered population
Stratified Random
A method of sampling that involves the division of a population
into smaller sub-groups known as strata
Cluster Sampling
A sampling plan used when mutually homogeneous yet internally
heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population
Multi Stage
The taking of samples in stages using smaller and
smaller sampling units at each stage

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Accidental Sampling
Also known as grab or opportunity sampling, is a form of non-
probability sampling that involves taking a population sample
that is close at hand, rather than carefully determined and
obtained
Purposive Sampling
A non-probability sample that is selected based on
characteristics of a population and the objective of the study
Quota Sampling
A non-probability sampling technique wherein the assembled
sample has the same proportions of individuals as the entire
population with respect to known characteristics, traits or
focused phenomenon
 B. Instrumentation
Process of constructing research instruments that could be used
appropriately in gathering data on the study
C. Validity
A n indication of how sound your research is
Applies to both the design and the methods of your research
Data collection means that your findings truly represent the
phenomenon you are claiming to measure
D. Reliability
the degree to which research method produces stable and
consistent results
II.
1. Research on at least 5 Quantitative Data Collection Methods

Closed-ended Surveys and Online Quizzes

based on questions that give respondents predefined answer

options to opt for. There are two main types of closed-ended
surveys – those based on categorical and those based on
interval/ratio questions.
Categorical survey questions can be further classified into
dichotomous (‘yes/no’), multiple-choice questions, or checkbox
questions and can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no” or a
specific piece of predefined information.

Open-Ended Surveys and Questionnaires

Opposite to closed-ended are open-ended surveys and
questionnaires. The main difference between the two is the fact
that closed-ended surveys offer predefined answer options the
respondent must choose from, whereas open-ended surveys allow the
respondents much more freedom and flexibility when providing their
answers.
1-on-1 Interviews
One-on-one (or face-to-face) interviews are one of the most
common types of data collection methods in qualitative research.
Here, the interviewer collects data directly from the interviewee.
Due to it being a very personal approach, this data collection
technique is perfect when you need to gather highly-personalized
data.
Focus groups
The focus groups data collection method is essentially an
interview method, but instead of being done 1-on-1, here we have a
group discussion.
 Direct observation
Direct observation is one of the most passive qualitative data
collection methods. Here, the data collector takes a participatory
stance, observing the setting in which the subjects of their
observation are while taking down notes, video or audio recordings,
photos, and so on.
2. What is quantitative analysis?

Using complex financial and statistical models, this analysis

quantifies objective business data and determines the effects of a
decision on the business operations. With respect to investing, this
approach quantifies trends following patterns and strategies of high-
frequency trading to identify the correlation between the variables
and determine the worthiness of an investment.

3. How does it work?

Seeks to understand behavior by using mathematical and

statistical modeling, measurement, and research.
Frequency distribution is a simple data analysis technique which
allows you to get a big picture of the data. From frequency
distribution, you can see how frequently the specific values are
observed and what their percentages are for the same variable.
Descriptive Statistics
From the frequency distribution we can figure out the frequency
of the values observed, as shown in the “age example” above. We can
use the measures of central tendency and dispersion to learn more
about the data for “age.”
Comparing Means – Statistical Testing. T-Tests are used to test
if the difference of means is statistically significant. It tests if
the sample is representative of the populations.