PROPERTIES SPECIFICATIONS OF

CONCRETE CONSTITUENTS-CEMENT, WATER,

AGGREGATES, ADMIXTURE, FRESH AND
HARDENED CONCRETE, CEMENT CONCRETE
MIX DESIGN PQC AND DLC
IS 1199 Tests of Fresh Concrete
IS: 516:, IS:456
Cement IS: 269

Satander Kumar
satander50@gmail.com 1
Rigid Pavement Flexible pavement
750 mm 200 mm

Deflection 0.2 mm 1 mm
or 200 micron
DESIGN DESIGN
5 t load 5 ton load
K value/modulus of CBR %
subgrade reaction = (Load/1370kg)100
Load/(Plate area*1.25 mm))
2
kg/cm2/cm
IS 16993 : 2018

Microfine Ordinary Portland

Cement ‒ Specification
4
Microfine Ordinary Portland IS 16993 : 2018
Cement ‒ Specification

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace IS 16714 : 2018

Slag for Use in Cement, Mortar &
Concrete- Specification
Ultrafine Ground Granulated Blast IS 16715 : 2018
Furnace Slag ‒ Specification
Artificial Lightweight Aggregate IS 9142: 2018
for Concrete ‒ Specification :
Part 1 For Concrete Masonry
Blocks and for Applications Other
than for Structural Concrete
Artificial Lightweight Aggregate IS 9142 : 2018
for Concrete ‒ Specification : 5
Hardened Concrete ‒ Methods of Test : IS 516 (Part 2/Sec 1) :
Part 2 Properties of Hardened Concrete other than 2019
strength Section 1 Density of Hardened Concrete and
Depth of water penetration under pressure
Hardened Concrete ‒ Methods of Test : IS 516 (Part 4) : 2019
Part 4 Sampling, Preparing and Testing of Concrete Cores
Hardened Concrete ‒ Methods of Test : IS 516 (Part 5/Sec 1) :
Part 5 Non destructive testing of Concrete Section 1 2019
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 1) : 2019
Part 1 Sampling of Fresh Concrete
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 2) : 2019
Part 2 Determination of Consistency of Fresh Concrete
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 3) : 2019
Part 3 Determination of Density of Fresh Concrete
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 4) : 2019
Part 4 Determination of Air content of Fresh Concrete
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 5) : 2019
Part 5 Making and Curing of Test Specimens
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 6) : 2019
Part 6 Tests on Fresh Compacting Concrete
Fresh Concrete ‒ Methods of Testing and Analysis: IS 1199 (Part 7) : 2019
Part 7 Determination of Setting Time of Concrete by 6
Penetration Resistance
 CHEMISTRY OF CEMENT

Tricalcium silicate + Dicalcium silicate=

C3S (3CaO.SiO2)+C2S (2CaO.SiO2) + H2O =
CxSyH gel (Tobermorite gel)+ Ca(OH)2
Hydrated/
Reactive Lime (25%)

Ca(OH)2 + Sodic water – Ettringite-Expandable material causes cracking

Ca(OH)2 --- In maintain good pH also makes alkaline, when not carbonated
WHITE CEMENT CLINKER”, THE RAW MEAL IS
“

TOTALLY IRON-FREE; GAS OR FURNACE OIL FIRED

SYSTEM

C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF

ALONG WITH SOME PERICLASE IN CLINKER FORM

INTER-GRINDING GYPSUM WITH CLINKER

CaSO4.2H2O IS GYPSUM

CaSO4. ½H2O IS PLASTER OF PARIS

 COMPOSITION OF PORTLAND CEMENT
4/26

.BOUGE EQUATIONS 1955; WEIGHT % OF EACH OXIDE

C4AF = 3.04 Fe2 O3

C3A = 2.65 Al2O3 – 1.69 Fe2O3

C2S = 8.60 Si O2 + 1.08 Fe2 O3 + 5.07 Al2 O3 – 3.07 CaO

C3S = 4.07 CaO – 7.60 SiO2 – 1.43 Fe2O3 – 6.72 Al2O3

C2S = 2 Cao SiO2

C3 S = 3 Cao SiO2

C3A = 3 Cao Al2 O3

C4AF = 4 Cao Al2 O3 Fe2O3

 Specifications of all Grade of Grade Cement

33 GRADE 43 GRADE 53 GRADE LOW

ORDINARY MEDIUM HIGH HEAT
(IS : 269) (IS: 269) (IS : 269)

C 3S 45 % 50 % 55 % 30 %

C 2S 27 % 22 % 17 % 46 %

C 3A 11 % 11 % 11 % 5%

C4AF 10 % 10 % 9% 13 %

10
 CEMENT
(Clause 2006.1 Page 570 MORD)

 Ordinary Portland Cement, 33 Grade, IS:269, C< 450 kg/cum

 Ordinary Portland Cement, 43 Grade, IS: 269 - Durability consideration

 Ordinary Portland Cement, 53 Grade, IS 269 - Durability consideration


 Portland Pozzolana Cement (flyash), IS:1489, (I)

 Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement, IS:455, slag 50%, sulphate < 1%

 Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement IS:12330, sulphate in soil > 0.2%

11
IS: 4031 – PART 1 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS BY DRY SIEVING , 90 micron

7/26

PART 2 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS BY SPECIFIC

SURFACE BY AIR PERMEABILITY METHOD
(FIRST REVISION) FIRST REPRINT MARCH 1992
Comparison the fineness with Standard Cement from
NCCBM

12
IS: 4031 – PART 1 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS BY DRY SIEVING , 90 micron

7/26

PART 2 DETERMINATION OF FINENESS BY SPECIFIC

SURFACE BY AIR PERMEABILITY METHOD

Comparison the fineness with Standard Cement from

NCCBM
 IS: 4031 – 1988
DETERMINATION OF SOUNDNESS

PART 3 Take 500 gm Cement add + 0.78 times Standard Consistency or

normal consistency. Soundness not more than 10 mm
expansion

PART 4 DETERMINATION OF CONSISTENCY OF STANDARD CEMENT

PASTE (FIRST REVISION) FIRST REPRINT AUGUST 1993
500 gm cement+ about 25-40% water = penetration 5-7 mm
from bottom

PART 5 DETERMINATION OF INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIMES

(FIRST REVISION) FIRST REPRINT NOVEMBER 1991

0.85 times normal consistency = penetration 5 mm +/-

0.5 mm from bottom

14
 EQUIPMENT FOR CEMENT TESTING

Mortar Cube Vibrator

Vicat Apparatus
 EQUIPMENT FOR CEMENT TESTING

AUTOCLAVE APPRATUS
Temperature 215.70C Le Chatelier Mould
Pressure 21 Kg/cm2
IS: 4031 DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Water = (P/4+ 3) % by weight of total 800 gm

1:3 Cement :sand mortar, vibrate 2 minutes,

P = Standard Consistency or Normal Consistency

( 200 gm cement + 600 gm standard sand) 24 hours moist)

Standard Sand 2 mm -1mm 200 gm

CHEPAK 1mm -500 micron 200 gm

500 micron -90 micron 200 gm = Total 800 gm

Let P= 36%

i.e. 36/4+3= 9+3= 12% by weight of total

IS: 4031 –PART 6 DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT8/26

Water = (P/4+ 3) % by weight of total 800 gm

1:3 Cement :sand mortar, vibrate 2 minutes,

( 200 gm cement + 600 gm standard sand) 24 hours moist

curing + remaining wet curing , 3 d, 7 d and 28
days.

18
IS: 4031 – PART 11 DETERMINATION OF
DENSITY (FIRST REVISION
9/26

60 gm cement placement
in flask having kerosene
oil.
= Mass/ Vol replaced
Sp Gr of OPC = 3.15
3150 kg/cum
Sp Gr of PPC = 3.15
3000 kg/cum
Bulk Density of Cement = 1440 kg/cum
Composite Cement- IS: 16415-2015
• Cement 35-65% - 35 kg cement
• Fly ash 15-35% - 35 kg fly ash
• Slag 20-50% - 30 kg slag
• 3 day compressive strength 16 MPa,
• 7 days “ 22 MPa
• 28 days “ 33 MPa

20
Performance improver Mineral admixtures, lime
stone powder, slag etc 5%
Properties 33 Grade 43 Grade 43 Grade, 53 Grade 53 Grade,
OPC OPC S, Sleeper OPC sleeper S
FINENESS 225 225 370 225 370
m2/kg
Setting IS 30 30 60 30 60
Time FS 600 600 600 600 600
Min CS 3 D 16 23 23 27 27
Min 7D 22 33 37.5 37 37.5
Min 28 D 33 43 43 53 53
21
Max 28 D 48 58 - - --
• ADULTERATION IN CEMENT
• BROMOFORM LIQUID DENSITY 2.8

• Dilute hydro chloric acid

• WEAK NO

• 3 MONTH OLD – RETURN

• BLACK MARKING

• IS: No 269/1489/455
 SPECIFICATION OF
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Grade 33
(IS: 269-2015)
Compressive strength of cement sand mortar not less than
72+ 1 hours = 16 MPa
168+ 2 hours = 22 MPa
672+ 4 hours = 33 MPa not more than 48 MPa
1. Insoluble residue not more than = 5%
2. MgO not more than = 6%
3. SO3 not more than = 2.5 if C3A upto 5%
4. SO3 not more than = 3.0 if C3A greater than 5%
5. Loss on Ignition not more than = 5%
6. Fineness (sq cm/g) not less than = 2250 / 225 m2/kg
 SPECIFICATION OF
Compressive strength of cement sand mortar (IS 269-
2015) Minimum (IS: 4031 physical and IS: 4032 - Chemical
72+ 1 hours = 23 MPa
168+ 2 hours = 33 MPa
672+ 4 hours = 43 MPa < 58MPa
1. Insoluble R. not more than = 5%
2 MgO not more than = 6%
3. SO3 not more than = 3.5
4. Cl = 0.1 ( 0.05 pre-stressd conc)
5. Loss on Ignition not more than = 5%
6. Fineness (sq cm/g) not less than = 2250
 SPECIFICATION OF Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Grade 53 = IS 269- 2015)
1. Compressive strength of cement sand mortar Minimum
72+ 1 hours = 27 MPa
168+ 2 hours = 37 MPa
672+ 4 hours = 53 MPa

2. Insoluble R. not more than= 5%

3. MgO not more than = 6%
4. SO3 not more than = 3.5%
5. Cl = 0.1% /0.05 % RCC/ pre-stressd

6. Loss on Ignition not more than = 4%

7. Fineness (sq cm/g) not less than= 2250

 SPECIFICATION OF

Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) covered by IS:1489- Grade I

(Flyash based) or Grade II (Clacined clay based)

1. Compressive strength of cement sand mortar (IS:1489-1991) not

less than
72+ 1 hours = 16 MPa
168+ 2 hours = 22 MPa
672+ 4 hours = 33 MPa

2. Insoluble residue not more than = x + 4X(100-X)/X%

3. MgO not more than = 6%
4. Loss on Ignition not more than = 5%
7. Fineness (sq cm/g) not less than= 3000
8. Fly ash = 10-35%
SPECIFICATION OF

Blast Furnace slag cement as per IS:455-1989

Compressive strength of cement sand mortar (IS:455-1989) not less than

1. 72+ 1 hours = 15.7MPa

2. 168+ 2 hours = 21.6 Mpa

8. Loss on Ignition not more than = 5%

9. Fineness (sq cm/g) not less than = 2250
10. Slag (Ground granulated slag) = 25-65%

Slag IS Code ; 12089-1987

 SPECIFICATION OF
Super sulphate Cement as per IS 6909

1. Compressive strength of cement sand mortar

(IS 6909) not less than
72+ 1 hours = 15 MPa
168+ 2 hours = 22 MPa
672+ 4 hours = 30 MPa

2. MgO not more than = 10%

4. Loss on Ignition not more than = 5%
6. Fineness (sq cm/g) not less than= 4000
7. Slag (Ground granulated slag) = 70 %
 IS: 8142/Now IS: 1199 Setting Time of
Concrete
• Initial Setting Time - 3.43 N/mm2

• = Load in kg/area of plunger

•
• Final Setting Time –

26.97 N/mm2 ( 275 kgf/cm2).

 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE -- IS 9103

• CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE, liquid < 2%

• Mineral admixture -powder

• Fly ash IS: 3812 upto 35%

• Slag IS: 12089 50-70%

• Silica fume IS: 15388 ----- 5-10% 30

 MINERAL ADMIXTURES
• Pozzolanic or potential reactive materials
• Siliceous in nature
• In powdered form, make cementitious compounds
with hydrated lime leached at ambient temperature
viz:

• Uniform blending is to be ensured

• Clustering of fines is to be avoided

Shape of Drying
Shrinkage crack
 MATERIAL QUALITY FOR CORROSION
RESISTANCE

Flyash Silica Cement Aggregate

Aggregate Water Chemical Steel
Fume Admixture

IS: 1786
IS: 6003
IS: 2090
IS: 3812 IS: 456 IS: 8112 IS: 383 IS: 456 IS: 9103
IS: 6006
ASTM :
IS: 14268
1240
BS: 4447
MINERAL ADMIXTURES ( IS:456-2000)

• Fly ash,
• Ground granulated blast furnace slag
• Silica fume
• Rice hush ash
• Calcined clay
• Fly ash is a waste product of coal fired
thermal power plants
# Fly ash (pulverised fuel ash
# Mound ash
# Bottom ash
# Pond ash

• Blast furnace slag is a by-product of steel

industry- Durgapur , Bhilai, Rourkela, IS: 12089-1987

• Silica fume is a bi-product of silicon

metal industry or ferro-silicon alloy
industry-Fineness 200000-300000
cm2/gm
• Fly ash is a waste product of Collection of
coal fired thermal power plants
Fly ash
Plants have started dry ash
E collection with less Moisture
C Like at Badapur & Dadri

ESP Flyash
.
Bottom ash

+
. . . . .
POND ASH
Bagging System
FLY ASH FOR CEMENT CONCRETE

• Lighter fraction, which goes

up the chimney and is caught
by electrostatic precipitator
(ESP) is known as fly ash
(about 80% of the total ash)
 TYPES OF ASH
• BOTTOM ASH
- COLLECTED AT THE BOTTOM OF BOILER FURNACE
- CONSTITUTES 20% OF TOTAL ASH GENERATED
ОООО

ОО •••

• FLY ASH -
COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS OF
ELECTROSTATIC -PRECIPITATORS
- CONSTITUTES 80% OF TOTAL ASH GENERATED

• POND ASH
- BOTH BOTTOM ASH AND FLYASH ARE MIXED IN
SLURRY FORM AND DUMPED IN ASH POND IS
CALLED POND ASH (IRCSP58)
1. Physical activation: Mechanically ground, 22-45
micron.
2. Thermal Activation: 900 – 1000 o C, carbon, sulphur
impurities removed
3. Chemical Activation: sodium hydroxide solution
4. By adding silica fume
• Surface Area Cl Perm Colmb + 30 micron LR
sm/kg N/sq mm
Field I 284 1825 45 5

Field 2 504 1689 9 6

Field 3 606 999 0.6 7

Field 4 642 500 nil 7

• FIELD II/M

Surface Area Cl Perm -45 micron Activity,%

sm/kg
MTPS, TN 295 1689/481 64 82

RTPS 302 914/458 73 96

NB, AP 819 494/268 90 116

Vij AP 454 856/362 92 95

MTPS AP 341 1574/503 87 95

 Quality of mineral admixtures depends on:

 Pulverisation of
- Coal ( for fly ash),
- Quartz (for silica fume),
- Iron ores (for slag)
 Types of coal, quartz, iron ores
 Temperature of their burning
 Reactivity
 Fineness
 Particle size
 Chemical Requirements of Fly Ash

Requirements (%)
Property as per
IS: 3812-2013
Silicon dioxide (SiO2 ) plus
aluminium oxide (Al2O3 ) plus
70.0
iron oxide (Fe2O3 )
% by mass, minimum
SiO2 , % by mass, minimum 35
MgO, % by mass, maximum 5
Total SO3, % by mass, maximum 2.75
*Available alkalies as Na2O,
1.5
% by mass, maximum

Loss on ignition, % by mass,

5
maximum

* Applicable when only reactive aggregates are

used in concrete and are especially required by
the purchaser
 Physical Requirements of Fly Ash
Property Requirements as per IS:
3812-2013
Fineness - Specific surface in m²/kg
by Blaine’s permeability method, 320
minimum
Lime Reactivity- Average
compressive strengths in N/mm², 4.5
minimum
Not less than 80 per cent of
Compressive strength at 28 days in
the strength of
N/mm²,
corresponding plain cement
minimum
mortar cubes
Drying Shrinkage percent ,
0.15
maximum

Soundness by autoclave test

expansion of specimens, per cent, 0.8 max
maximum
 Concrete with Fly ash

CASE STUDY CONCRETE FOR METRO RAIL IN DELHI

Replacement of cement and aggregate

• Lower heat of hydration

• Improve Impermeability

• Improved Durability
 Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag (GBFS)
(Reactive silica)

Air cooled Slag

(Non-reactive silica)
59
Definition Contd…..

• High performance concrete are typified by low water /

cementitious materials (W/Cm) ratios, low permeability,
high early strength and frequently, high ultimate strengths.
• Avoid
• Avoid segregation and uneven compaction.

• Concrete shall be compacted fully using vibrating

screed and internal vibrator. (IS 2506, IS 2505).
 Silica Fume
Classification of Silica Fume

 Unidesified
 Densified
 Palletised
 Slurry

 Fill the gaps between the cement grains,

 Refining the voids
 The particles act like ball bearings and,
 Concrete much more cohesive,
 More mobility to the mix
50
 Microsilica production
Smelting plant with furnaces,
coolers and baghouse
Quartz, coke and
wood as raw
materials

Microsilica

Silicon or ferro-silicon
2000 oC
electric arc furnace

51
Forms of Microsilica Microsilica
agglomerate

Cement
• Undensified: kg/m3
200 - 350 particle

• Densified: 500 - 650 kg/ m3

• Slurry: 1400 kg/ m3 powder
 Specifications for Silica Fume

Chemical requirements
Test values
SiO2 min. (%) 85.0
Moisture Content Maximum (%) 3.0
Loss on ignition, maximum (%) 6.0

Physical requirements
Accelerated pozzolanic strength
activity index with Portland cement at 105
7 days,, minimum (%) of control.
Fineness, max (%) retained on 45 m
sieve 10
Percentage retained on 45m, max
variation from average (%) 5
Reactivity with cement alkalies min.
reduction (%) 80 53
Research Scheme On “HPC” No B- 32 Sponsored by MOST Test Results
of concrete showing the effects of silica fume /superplasticizers
1:1.41:2.18, density = 2.44gm/cu cm.,
W/C = 0.386, W/B = 0.351, cement 43 Grade
Sl No. Silica Super Compressive Flexural
Fume (%) Plasticizer(%)Strength (kg/cm2) Strength (kg/cm2)
7days 28days 7days 28days
_______________________________________________________________

1. 0 0 270 360 37 48

2. 0 1 319 446 42 45

3. 10 0 360 530 56 67
54
4. 10 1 445 570 58 69
 SILICA FUME
 Silica fume ( up to 10 %) makes durable concrete.

 Chemical admixtures (up to 2.0 %) are used to attain

required workability and durability

Silica fume makes concrete less permeable and

Epoxy coating on steel bars is not required

 J.J. Flyover in Mumbai

 Bandra Worli Sea Link, Mumbai
 Raja Garden flyover in New Delhi.
 Nuclear power corporation domes, Kaiga, Kota etc.

 Specifications for Silica Fume

Chemical requirements
Test values
SiO2 min. (%) 85.0
Moisture Content Maximum (%) 3.0
Loss on ignition, maximum (%) 6.0

Physical requirements
Accelerated pozzolanic strength
activity index with Portland cement at 105
7 days,, minimum (%) of control.
Fineness, max (%) retained on 45 m
sieve 10
Percentage retained on 45m, max
variation from average (%) 5
Reactivity with cement alkalies min.
reduction (%) 80
Research Scheme On “HPC” No B- 32 Sponsored by MOST Test Results
of concrete showing the effects of silica fume /superplasticizers
1:1.41:2.18, density = 2.44gm/cu cm.,
W/C = 0.386, W/B = 0.351, cement 43 Grade
Sl No. Silica Super Compressive Flexural
Fume (%) Plasticizer(%)Strength (kg/cm2) Strength (kg/cm2)
7days 28days 7days 28days
_______________________________________________________________

1. 0 0 270 360 37 48

2. 0 1 319 446 42 45

3. 10 0 360 530 56 67

4. 10 1 445 570 58 69
Low water-cement ratio high-strength
silica-fume concrete shows greatly
improved resistance to abrasion and
erosion.
ASTM C779 abrasion resistance test for
horizontal surfaces (Ball revolution test
method).
The abrasion index, -Australian Paving
Association : IA = R½, where
P
R = Ball race revolution, in
thousands,
P = Depth of wear, in mm.
 Traffic condition Abrasion Index

(i) For busy footpaths and malls with heavy - 51

pedestrian traffic

(ii) Public roadways - 58

(iii) Car parking & vehicular traffic - 38

Recommendation based on 5000 ball
revolution

IRC: 15 stipulates use of silica-fume

IS: 15388,
IS: 456
IRC: SP-70 HPC for Structures
IRC: 114 Silica Fume
In concrete up to 10% by weight of
cementitious materials
Silica Fume:
 Undensified
 Densified
 Palletised
 Slurry
Role of Mineral Admixtures-
 Fill the gaps between the cement
grains,
 Refining the voids
 The particles act like ball bearings and,
 Concrete much more cohesive
 More mobility to the mix
Hydroelectric Power Projects
•NATHPA JHAKRI •KHIMTI
•BASPA •KHALI GANDAKI NEPAL
•CHAMERA -II •MIDDLE MARSYANGDI
•SALAL (Repair Works)
•CHAMERA I (Repair Works) •KURICHU &
BHUTAN
•BAGLIHAR •TALA
•DUL HASTI
•SRI SAILAM (Repair Works) INDIA
•DHAULI GANGA
•VISHNU PRAYAG
•TEHRI
• URI
TEESTA - V
•PARBATI - II
•SEWA - II
•SUBANSHRI - lower
JJ HOSPITAL FLYOVER, MUMBAI
JJ FLYOVER
Mix Design - 2nd Narmada Bridge
Grade of Concrete - M 60

Volume - 1500 m3 (Piers & Pier Caps)

Superplasticizer
Water 1.85%
145 Cement
490

Sand Microsilica
705 7.5%

20mm Aggregate
685

10mm Aggregate
456
W/C RATIO = 0.30
Hydroelectric Power Projects
•NATHPA JHAKRI •KHIMTI
•BASPA •KHALI GANDAKI NEPAL
•CHAMERA -II •MIDDLE MARSYANGDI
•SALAL (Repair Works)
•CHAMERA I (Repair Works) •KURICHU &
BHUTAN
•BAGLIHAR •TALA
•DUL HASTI
•SRI SAILAM (Repair Works) INDIA
•DHAULI GANGA
•VISHNU PRAYAG
•TEHRI
• URI
TEESTA - V
•PARBATI - II
•SEWA - II
•SUBANSHRI - lower
DUL HASTI DAM - UPSTREAM
DUL HASTI DAM - DOWN STREAM
PLACING ABRASION RESISTANT SILICA FUME
CONCRETE FOR CHAMERA STILLING BASIN
Tehri Dam - Chute
Spillway
73
74
75
Compressive Strength Test
Factors influencing experiment results

76
 P P

A B
X
y= d/2 d d

C ? /3 ? /3 ? /3 D
y= d/2 d d
ℓ/3 ℓ/3 ℓ/3 ℓ/2 ℓ/2
P/2 ? P/2 Y ? /2 ? /2 Z
ℓ = 20*3= 60 cm
P/2 ? P/2
BM = P/2x ℓ/3 = Pℓ/6
BM = P/2x ℓ/3 = Pℓ/6 BM = P/2x ℓ/2 = Pℓ/4
BM =Bending MomentPℓ/4
M = f
MI = f y M = f
I y M = f I y
I y
f = M*y
F= I f = M*y
F= I
= =(Pℓ/6
(Pℓ/6x xd/2)/
d/2)bd3/12 = (Pℓ/4 x d/2)/
= Pℓ/bd2 3
= (Pℓ/4 x d/2)/ bd3/12 bd 3/12
bd /12 = 3/2Pℓ/bd2
= Pℓ/bd 2 = 3/2[Pℓ/bd 2] 77
Tests for strength in tension
2. Flexural Strength Test

78
Case 1 Fb = (Pℓ)/ (bd2) if a> 20cm for 15cm

25kn i.e 2.5 ton = 2500*60/15*15*15 = 4.44 MPa

= 10,000*450/350*30*30 =
1.5 MPa
Case 2:
Fb = (3PXa)/ (bd2) P
(For if a< 20cm ---17cm-- ---20 cm---- ----------------

but > 17 cm ------------------- ℓ ------------------

for 15cm) --a---
( a= 17-20cm)

Case 3: For if a< 17 cm for 15cm DISCARD

a= distance between fracture & nearest support,
79
on centre line of tensile side of specimens
In case of doubt -Concrete cores are cut :

Rate of Loading 140 kg/sq cm/ minute

h/d ratio, n 1 1.4 1.8 2

Correction factor, f 0.89 0.93 0.98 1

f= 0.11 n +0.78, n=h/d

Equivalent cube strength = f X crushing strengthX1.25

Average of Four Cores > 0.85 times Characteristic

Individual core not less than 75% of Characteristic

80
As per IS 456

1. Load = full dead load +1.25 times the imposed load for a period of
24 hours

2. Then imposed load is removed

3. If within 24 hours of removal of the load, the structure does not

recover atleast 75% of the deflection under the imposed load

4. Test is repeated after a lapse of 72 hours, if recovery is less than

80%- unacceptable

5. Deflection in mm < 40 ℓ2/D , ℓ - effective span in m, D –overall

depth in mm, then it is not necessary to for the recovery to be
measured and recovery provision shall not apply

6. Members other than flexural member – analysis

81
Specified Grade Individual Test
Results in N/mm²

(1) (2) (3)

fck + 0.825 x established

M 15 standard deviation fck – 3 N/mm²
(rounded off to nearest
0.5 N/mm²
or
fck + 4 N/mm²

M 20
or above -do-
fck – 3 N/mm²
fck + 3 N/mm²
82
M 200 ALCCOFINE SAMSUNG HOLCIM- SAMSUNG C&T
India

Material Amount in Density Absolut

Kg e
Volume
in cum
Cement 780 3150 0.2476
Slag Fine 180 2900 0.0620
Silica Fume 180 2300 0.0783
Sand 370 2700 0.1370
Coarse 816 2700 0.3022
aggregate 10
mm
Admixture 18 1210 0.0149
Water 158 1000 0.1580
Total 1.0000
• The durability of concrete Chloride permeability test as per ASTM C 1202.

• Monitoring the amount of electrical current passed through 51 mm thick

slices of 102 mm nominal diameter cores or cylinders during a 6 hour
period.

• A potential difference of 60 V DC
• one of which is immersed in a sodium chloride solution and the other in a
sodium hydroxide solution.

• The total charge passed, in coulombs, have been found to be related to the
resistance of the specimen to chloride ion penetration.

L 102 mm, Dia 51 mm

Concrete or core
Na Cl 60V DC Na OH

Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide

 Chloride Permeability Test

Sl.
No.
Charge Passed (Coulombs) Chloride Ion Permeability

1.
> 4000 High

2.
2000 – 4000 Moderate

3.
1000 – 2000 Low

4.
100 – 1000 Very Low

5.
< 100 Negligible
• ASTM C 876-91 : Half Cell Potentials of Uncoated
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete

• IRC:SP 37-2010 Guideline for Evaluation of Load

Carrying Capacity of Bridges
•
• IRC:SP: 35 -1990 Inspection and Maintenance of
Bridge

• IRC:SP51 Load Testing of Bridges

• IRCSP74 Repair/ Rehabilitation of Bridge

• Class 70 R (IRC 6)
• IRC:SP80 Guidelines for Corrosion
Protection, Monitoring and
Remedial Measures for Concrete
Bridge Structures

• Special Report 17: NDT of Bridges

 Slump of Different structure
IRC 112 Page220-
The workability of concrete at the time of placement shall be

adequate for the compaction equipment to be used.

Sl No. Type of Structure Slump (in mm)

1. R CC Structures with widely spaced reinforcement: piers, 40-50
abutments, footing
2. RCC Structures with fair degree of congestion of 50-75
reinforcement: pier and abutment caps, box culverts (BC),
wall with thickness > 300 mm
3. RCC and PSC Structures with highly congested 75-125
reinforcement: deck slab, girder, walls with thickness less
than 300 mm
4. Under water concreting through tremie bottom plug and 100-200mm
cast in situ pile
Manufacture of Portland
Cement
 Portland Slag Cement (PSC)-
A way forward

• Portland Slag Cement (PSC) is manufactured by

either inter-grinding in the Portland cement clinker,
Gypsum & Granulated Slag or

• by blending the Ground Granulated Blast Furnace

Slag (GGBS) with Ordinary Portland Cement by
means of mechanical blenders.

• It is created with a combination of 45- 50% slag, 45%

– 50% clinker, and 3-5% gypsum.

• Slag is conforming to IS: 12089 standards for

producing PSC.
Disadvantages hot weather in Case of
OPC
IS: 7861- Hot Weather, IS: 4926 RMC
• Accelerated Setting

• Air content increased

• Reduction in strength ( 6% per 1 % void)

• Cracking

• Rapid evaporation of water during curing

EFFECT OF CURING TEMPERATURE ON STRENGTH, IS:
7861in case of OPC
 Slump
H= 300 mm
100 mm
16 mm Tamping bar

600 mm length

25 strokes in 4 layers

200 mm
Four layer 25 strokes /layer

Or V Bee Test
Compactio
Hopper A
n
factor test
Hopper B

Compacting Factor Apparatus

Compacting Factor = Uncompacted weight/

Compacted
weight
 IS 516-1959 INDIAN STANDARD METHODS OF TESTS FOR
STRENGTH OF CONCRETE: FLEXURAL STRENGTH
24/26
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Coarse and fine aggregates, proportioning, weighing, mixing concrete- minimum 2
minutes in machine till concrete is uniform.

• VOLUME OF 10 percent in excess over and above the

CONCRETE: requirement.

• WORKABILITY: IS 1199-1959,

• BEAM-MOULD SIZE : 15 x 15 x 70 cm beam, OR

10 x 10 x 50 cm beam

• TAMPING BAR : Weight 2 kg, 25-mm sq. ramming flat face, 40-cm long.
Casting, Curing the same way.

400 kg/min 150 mm or 7 kg/sq cm/ min

180 kg /min 100 mm

 Reinforcing steel IRC 112
• Grade % Minimum
Elongation
• Fe 415 IS 1786 14.5
• Fe 415 D 18
• Fe 500 12
• Fe 500 D 16
• Fe 550 10
• Fe 550 D 14.5
• Fe 600 10
• Mild Steel <20 mm Fe 250 23
• 20-50 mm Fe 240 23
• Elongation gauge length 5.65 Sq root ‘A’
 AS PER IS 1786-2008- Fe 500, 16 mm
• Carbon Max 0.3%
• Sulpher Max 0.055
• Phosphorous Max 0.055
• Sulphur +Phorphorous Max 0.105

• Carbon Equivalent, C + Mn + Cr+ Mg+ V + Ni + Cu

(Morth 530p) IRC: 112 6 5 15
Guaranteed weldability, Carbon Equivalent, < 0.53
percent, when micro alloy/low alloys are used.
When micro-alloys/low alloys are not used, carbon
equivalent < 0.42 percent.
• Tensile Strength (8% More YS) > 545 Mpa
• Yield Strength > 500 Mpa
• % elongation 5.65 ( Area)1/2 12% minimum
• Mass / meter 1.580+/- 5%
• Band/Rebend Test Satisfactory
• Rate of stressing 30 Mpa/sec
105
106
107
 IS: 383-2016
Coarse and Fine Aggregates for
concrete

108
 Manufactured Aggregate
• Agg manufactured from other than natural resources by
processing materials, using thermal or other process such
as separation, washing, crushing & scrubbing like
Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) coarse agg.
• Sand or fine aggregate means- Passing 4.75 mm
% passing 75 µ silt
Ö Crush Ö
Natural
er
sand
dust

Size 4. 0 mm Size 4. 0 mm
Silt 3% Natural, 15% Crushed
Texture Smooth Rough 109
Area Less with no fine More with more fine
 Maximum Utilization
Coarse Type Plain Cement Reinforced Lean Concrete
agg Concrete Concrete Less than M 15
Iron Slag 50 25 100
Steel Slag 25 nil 100
RCA 25 20 upto M 25 100

Copper slag 40 35 50
RCA 25 20 upto M 25 100

Chlorides = 0.5%
Sulphates = 0.04 %
Water absorption = 5% upto 10% With precaution 110
 Sieve Grading Zone 1 Grading Zone II Grading Zone III Grading Zone IV
FM 3.0 -3.5 2.5 – 3.0 FM 2- 2.5
size FM Less than 2

10 mm
100 100 100 100
4.75
mm 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100

2.36
mm 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100

30

15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100

5 50

0 15

out side limit except 600 micron upto 5% Permissible

111
Fineness Modulus of sand 2-3.5 MORD clause 2009 page 574
No change in blue values, 150 micron value 0-20% crushed stone sand
112
QUALITY SPECIFICATION OF WATER FOR MIXING
& CURING IS: 456- 2000 Indian Standard Plain and
Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice 13/26

A)TO NEUTRALIZE 100 ML OF SAMPLE, USING

PHENOLPHTHALEIN INDICATOR, SHOULD
NOT REQUIRE MORE THAN 5 ML OF 0.02
NORMAL NaOH SOLUTION [IS 3025]

B)TO NEUTRALIZE 100 ML OF SAMPLE, USING

MIXED INDICATOR, SHOULD NOT REQUIRE
MORE THAN 25 ML OF 0.02 NORMAL H2SO4
SOLUTION

113
1. ORGANIC 200 mg / l

2. INORGANIC 3000 mg / l

3. SULPHATES (AS SO3) 400 mg / l

4. CHLORIDES (AS CL ) 2000 mg / l

for concrete not containing
embedded Steel and reinforced
concrete work

5. SUSPENDED MATTER 2000 mg / l

114
 6 Cubes shall give 90% strength
with Sample as compared to pur water

pH value shall be 6-8

Drinkable V Good

Chemical Admixtures: IS: 9103-1979 115

 Curing Compound and With water also- ASTM C -309

• Waxes, Resins, Chlorinated rubber

• Do not apply where finishing/bonding is required

• Do not apply on dry surface

 PERFORMANCES OF WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES

Family Water Reduction

Modified lignosulphonates upto 10%

Melamine Sulphonates upto 25%

Naphthalene Sulphonates upto 25%

Polycarboxylic Ethers upto 40%

117
 ACCELERATORS
1. TRIETHANOLAMINE,

2. CALCIUM NITRITE,

3. CALCIUM FORMATE,

4. LITHIUM OXALATE

5. CERTAIN ALUMINATES 118

 RETARDERS

LIGNOSULPHONATE WITH SUGARS

MODIFIED DERIVATIVES

HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS /SALTS

CARBOHYDRATES / SUGARS

HEPTONATES like SUGARS /STARCHES

119
 AIR ENTRAINING ADMIXTURE

DISCRETE BUBBLES OF 0.05 mm -1.25mm

ANIMAL / VEGETABLE FATS / OILS

NATURAL WOOD RESINS / SODIUM SALTS

ALKALI SALTS OF SULPHATED /

SULPHONATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
120
ADMIXTURES
(REQUIREMENTS AS PER IS:456-2000)

RELATIVE DENSITY OF LIQUID ADMIXTURES SHALL BE

CHECKED FOR EACH DRUM AND COMPARED WITH
SPECIFIED VALUE BEFORE ACCEPTANCE

CHLORIDE CONTENT OF ADMIXTURES SHALL BE

INDEPENDENTLY TESTED FOR EACH BATCH BEFORE
ACCEPTANCE

CONTD..
121
 Chemical Admixture
• Cl = 0.2%by weight of admixtures
• pH = 7-8
• Water reduction minimum 20% at Slump
variation less than 15 mm
• Setting time variation 3 hours
• 3/7 days strength 25% more
• 28days same

122
 SLUMP
Section/component Type Slump IS: 456

Pavement, shall section Very Low Less than 25 mm Clause

7.1
mass concrete, light Low 25 mm-75 mm
reinforcement, slab, beam
wall column, hand placed
pavement, canal lining

Heavy reinforced, slab, Medium 50-100 mm

beam, column, wall,
Sipform work, 75-100 mm
pumped concrete, trenched High 100-150 mm
concrete

Insitu piling, Tremie Very High Self Compacted concrete

> 150 mm

123
 Workability of Concrete
A workable concrete is one which is
cohesive and flows well and which can,
without segregation, be fully compacted
with predetermined means of
compaction
Depends :

•Type of aggr.
• Grading
•Quantity of cement
•Consistency /workability 124
 DESIGN STRNGTH
f ’ck = fck + t x s
where

f ’ck = target mean compressive strength at 28 days, N/mm2

fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days, and, N/mm2
s = standard deviation, N/mm2
t = standard normal variate which is taken as 1.65 as per IS:456-2000
for accepted proportion of low results 1 in 20.

Calculations of Flexural Strength

f cr = 0.7 x √ f-ck

fcr = flexural strength (modulus of rupture), Nmm2

fck = characteristic compressive cube strength of concrete, N/mm2

125
 CHARACTERISTIC
STRENGTH
The term characteristic strength indicates that value of the strength below
which not more than 5 % of the test results are expected to fall.

126
 ASSUMED STANDARD DEVIATION

Grade of concrete Assumed Standard Deviation N/mm2

M25 4.0
M30
M35
M40
5.0 (Roads and building)
M45
6 Mpa for structures
M50
M55
M60

TARGET STRENGTH = 40+ 1.65 * 5 MPa as Standard Deviation =

40+ 8.25 Mpa = 48.25 MPa

127
PRELIMINARY SELECTION OF WATER – CEMENT RATIO

Sl No. Target mean strength/ Approximate Water

Grade of Concrete Cement Ratio
1 M 25 0.50
2 M 30 0.45
3 M 35 0.42
4 M 40 0.38
5 M50 0.34
6 M60 0.28

W/C = Let us take 0.36 for M 48

128
 PER CUBIC METRE OF
WATER CONTENT

CONCRETE FOR NOMINAL MAXIMUM SIZE OF

AGGREGATE (WITH OUT PLASTICISER /SUPERPLASTICISER)
Nominal Maximum Approximate Water
Size of Aggregate Content
mm kg
10 208
20 186
40 165

• 1) Water content for angular coarse aggregate and for

20-50 mm slump say 35 mm

For each increase of 25 mm slump, 3% water is

increased in case of mixes without chemical
admixtures. 129
 Water Content (Contd.)

• with Super-plasticizing, water reduction up to 30%

Water content is 186 kg/m3 for 20 mm MSA without admixture,

148.8 kg/m3 assuming 20 % reduction

186 litre – 20 % 0f 186 = 186 – 37.2 = 148.8 litre or

(186 X 0.80 ) = 148.8 litre water for 1 cubic m concrete

130
 EXAMPLE FOR EACH CUBIC M OF CONCRETE
• Water 186 l /cubic m.
• Let us take 80% after adding admixture
• =0.80*186 =148.8 litre/cubic m.

• W/C = 0.36 148.8 = 0.36

C 1
• 0.36 * C = 148.8
donot add admixtures then cement content =
W/C= 0.36
186 /C= 0.36
• C= 148.8 Cement content = 186/0.36
= 516.7 kg/ cu
0.36 Extra Cement required = 516.7- 413.3 = 103.4 kg

= 413.3 kg < 450 kg/cu m -- IS: 456 131

 EXAMPLE

• Absolute volume of water 148.8/1000 = 0.1488 cum

• Absolute volume of cement = 413.3/3150 =0.1312 cum

• Absolute volume of admixture sp gr 1.2 = 1% of 413.3 kg

• 4.133 kg/1200 cum = 0.0034 cum (1% by wt of cement)

Absolute volume of all agg =

= 1- 0.1488- 0.1312-0.0034

= 0.7166 m3 132
 ESTIMATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE CONTENT
Nominal Volume of Coarse Aggregate Per Unit
Maximum Volume of Concrete for Different Zones
Size of of Fine Aggregate
Aggregate Zone Zone III Zone II Zone I
mm IV
10 0 .50 0. 48 0 .46 0. 44
20 0 .66 0. 64 0 .62 0. 60
40 0 .75 0. 73 0 .71 0. 69
For pumpable mixes 10% coarse aggregate is decreased and Fine
aggregate content is increased.
Proportion is for W/C ratio 0.5.
For each decrease in 0.05 W/C ratio, there shall be increase of 1% coarse aggregate
0.50 – 0.36 = 0.14. For Change in - 0.05 there is + 1%
1 +1/0.05
for 0.14 + (1/0.05)*0.14= + 2.8 %
2.8 + 62% = 64.8 % Coarse agg133
 Absolute volume of wet agg = 0.7166 cum

coarse aggregate 64.8% of 0.7166 cum =

0.648* 0.7166 = 0.4644 cum

Coarse aggregate down 20 mm = 0.2522 cum

Fine agg = 35.2% of 0.7166 cum

= 0.352*0.7166 cum = 0.2522 cum

Total volume of all agg = 0.7166 cum

134
 ABSOLUTE VOLUME in CUM

• Absolute volume of water 1 = 0.1488 cum

• Absolute volume of cement = 0.1312 cum

• Absolute volume of admixture = = 0.0034 cum

• coarse agg wet = 0.4644 cum

• fine agg wet = 0.2522 cum

• Total Volume = 1.000 cu m 135

 SSD Weight (Wet aggregate)
• Weight of water = 0.1488 cum *1000 = 148.8 litre

• Weight of cement = 0.1312 cum *3150 = 413.3 kg

• Weight of admixture = 0.0034 * 1200 = 4.1 kg

• Wet coarse aggregate = 0.4644 cum *2600 = 1207 kg

• Wet fine aggregate = 0.2522 cum * 2600 = 656 kg

• Total weight =2429 kg in one cubic meter of concrete

136
136
 DRY Weight Basis
Say absorption 1%
• Absolute volume of water = 148.8 +12.1 + 6.6 =

= 167.5 Litre or kg

• coarse agg = 1207– 12.1 = 1195 kg

• fine agg = 656 – 6.6 = 649.4 kg

If Water absorption, is high 3-10% as per IS: 383,

Either wet the aggregates or take water absorption of two hours

137
 MIX PROPORTION mixing time 2 minutes
• Weight of water = 167.5 L

• Weight of cement = 413.3 kg

• Weight of admixture = 4.1 kg

• Dry coarse aggregate = 1195 kg
• Dry fine aggregate = 649 kg

• Total weight =2429 kg

• Cement : sand : Coarse agg : Water Admixture

• 413.3/413.3 : 649/413.3 : 1195/ 413.3 : 167.5 /413.3 (By weight)

1: : 1.571 : 2.891 : 0.41 free water/binder ratio

To convert by volume, we take bulk density = Mass/ Bullk Density= Volume

1 * 1440 : 1.571*1440 : 2.891*1440 = 1 cu m: 1.41 cum :2.60 cum

1440 1600 1600 138
Target Mean Strength of Cocrete :

As per Clause 601.3.4 of "MORTH" Specification Mix Design of DLC

1) Average of Compressive
Strength < 10Mpa at 7 Days Dry Lean Concrete
2) Minimum compressive Strength
< 7.5 Mpa at 7 Days (of Any
Cube)
TRIAL
MIXES:
Cement Content (Minimum cement as per
Clause 601.3.3 of T.S 150
Free Water 5.5 %
OMC 129
Absolute Volume of Fine and
Coarse Agg
139
Free Water 5.5 %
OMC 129
AbsoluteVolume
Absolute Volume of aggregates
of Fine and = 1 -150/3000 - 129/1000
Coarse Agg
= 1 cum - 0.05 cum (cement) - 0.129 cum (W)
150 129 0.821
= 1-( + )=
= 0.821 cu m
3000 1000
Volume of Stone Dust (45 % of total Volume of
Coarse & Fine Agg.) 0.821 x 0.45 = 0.3695
Volume of 20 mm (35 % of total volume of
Coarse & fine Agg.) 0.821 x 0.35 = 0.2874
Volume of 10 mm ( 20% of total volume of
Coarse & Fine Agg.) 0.821 x 0.2 = 0.1642

Weight abstract from Volume

Weight of Crusher Dust 0.3695 x 2.67 X1000

= = 986.43
Weight of
20 mm 0.2874 x 2.69 X1000
= = 773.83
Weight of
10mm 0.164 x 2.69 X1000
= = 441.86

140
Quantitiies for 1 Cum. Batch (Based on
SSD Condition)

1 Cement 150 KG

2 Water 129.00 KG
Stone 45
3 Dust 986.43 KG %
773.83 35
4 20mm 4 KG %
441.86 20
5 10mm 22 KG %
141
Mix Design for Very Low slump
Concrete

142
 Conditions of Exposures- IRC 112- page 141

(1) Moderate : Concrete dry or permanent wet,

concrete continuously under water

(2) Severe: Wet, rarely dry RH> 70%, submerged in

sea water below mid tide level, concrete exposed to
coastal

(3) Very Severe: RH 50-70 %, concrete exposed to air

born chloride in marine, freeze thaw and wet

(4) Extreme : Cyclic wet and dry, concrete exposed to

tidal, splash and spray zones in sea, concrete in direct
contact with aggressive sub soil/ground water, concrete
in contact with aggressive chemicals 143
 IRC:- 112Table 14.2 page 142- FOR RCC IRC 112
EXPOSURE Max W/C Minimum Minimum Minimum
ratio Cement Grade Cover
kg/cum

Moderate o.45 340 M 25 40

Severe 0.45 360 M 30 45

Very Severe 0.40 380 M 40 50

Extreme 0.35 400 M45 75

FOR PCC IRC : 112

EXPOSURE Max W/C Minimum Minimum Minimum
ratio Cement Grade Cover
kg/cum
Moderate 0.5 340 M 20 NA
Severe 0.5 360 M 25 NA
Very Severe 0.45 380 M 35 NA
144
Extreme 0.40 400 M40 NA
 Cement for other than 20 mm IS: 456 Table
6/IRC112
• 10/12.5 mm Agg +40 kg cement
• 40 mm Agg -30 kg cem

• COVERS

• foundation cover 75 mm
• Post-tensioned tendons- 75 mm from
out side sheathing
• Pre-tensioned tendons= 65 mm
• 5 mm cover may be reduced precast, , 50Y
• Cover not less than 10 mm 145
IS: 456- Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

Total Acid Soluble chloride Content

kg/cum of concrete Table 7 IS: 456

concrete- Prestressted, accelerated cured = Less than 0.4 kg

concrete Reinforced, /metal = Less than 0.6 kg

concrete- No metal requiring protection only= Less than 3 kg

146
 Chloride content IRC: 112
• Acid soluble Chloride by weight of cement:

• PRESTRESSED CONCRETE = 0.1%

• RCC in Severe = 0.2%

• RCC in moderate = 0.3%

147
 Clause 14.3.2 page 144 IRC: 112
• Water soluble sulphate in concrete as SO3 < 4%

• In soil , sub soil, ground water Table 14.4

( page 145 of IRC: 112- 2011.. )

• Stringent may be followed from two tables

• OPC < 450 kg/m3

148
 concentration in soil Type of cement Min. Max. Min.
Table 14.4- -- SO3 cement W/C grade
kg/cum ratio
In soil ground
water
Total SO3, 2:1
SO3 water:
In % soil, g/l
traces <1.0 <0.3 OPC,PPC,PSC 280 0.5 M 25

0.2-0.5 1-1.9 0.3-1.2 OPC,PPC,PSC 330 0.5 M 25

SRPC 310
0.5-1.0 1.9-3.1 1.2-2.5 SRPC, 330 0.5 M25
PPC, PSC, 350 0.45 M30
1-2 3.1-5 2.5-5 SRPC 370 0.45 M35
>2 >5 >5 SRPC-coat 400 0.4 M40
149
 AS PER IS 1786-2008- Fe 500, 16 mm
• Carbon Max 0.3%
• Sulpher Max 0.055
• Phosphorous Max 0.055
• Sulphur +Phorphorous Max 0.105

• Carbon Equivalent, C + Mn + Cr+ Mg+ V + Ni + Cu

(Morth 530p) IRC: 112 6 5 15
Guaranteed weldability, Carbon Equivalent, < 0.53
percent, when micro alloy/low alloys are used.
When micro-alloys/low alloys are not used, carbon
equivalent < 0.42 percent.
• Tensile Strength (8% More YS) > 545 Mpa
• Yield Strength > 500 Mpa
• % elongation 5.65 ( Area)1/2 12% minimum
• Mass / meter 1.580+/- 5%
• Rate of stressing 30 Mpa/sec 150
 IS 456-2000

Grade of Aggregate Water

concrete Per bag of cement
M5 800 60
M 7.5 625 45
M 10 480 34
M 15 330 32
M 20 250 30
330 : 680 : 1360 Plus water 32 litre
1 : 2 : 4 M 15
151
 CPWD and IS= Specification Nominal
Mixes By Volume
Mix 7 day Comp. Strength 28 day Comp.

1: 1: 2 210 kg/cm2 ( 21 MPa) 316 kg/cm2 ( 31.6 MPa)

1: 1.5: 3 175 kg/cm2 (17.5MPa) 265 kg/cm2 ( 26.5 MPa)

1: 2: 4 140 kg/cm2 (14 MPa) 216 kg/cm2 ( 21.6 MPa)

IS: Code= 1:2:4 means 15 Mpa at 28 days Charasteruistics

CPWD Code = 15 + 1.65*4 by Target strength = M 21.6

152
• Nominal Mix upto M 20 as per
• Indian Standard

IS: 456

Grade of Aggregate Water

concrete Per bag of cement

M5 800 60
M 7.5 625 45
M 10 480 34
M 15 330 32
M 20 250 30

153
 Requirement of Nominal Mix Concrete

Concrete Total Quantity Proportion of Fine Maximum Quantity of Water per 50 kg

Grade of Dry aggregate to Coarse of Cement (Litres)
Aggregate by Aggregate (by
Plain Cement Reinforced Cement
Mass per 50 mass)
Concrete Concrete
kg of Cement
to be Taken as
the Sum of
Individual
Masses of
Fine and
Coarse
Aggregate (kg)
Generally 1:2
subject to upper
M 15 350 25 -
limit 1:1.5 and lower
limit 1:2.5
Generally 1:2
subject to upper
M 20 250 25 22
limit 1:1.5 and lower
limit 1:2.5

154
 IS: 13311 (Part 2)/Now IS: 516
NDT –REBOUND HAMMER
• Rebound No Quality
• 20 15 Mpa
• 30 32 Mpa
• 40 48 Mpa
• 50 70 Mpa
• 55 80 Mpa

• Wet Results 20% lower than dry

• Variation allowed 25%

155
TYPICAL CORELATION FOR N TYPE REBOUND HAMMER 156
REBOUND HAMMER, IS:
13311/Now IS; 516, IRC: 112

TYPICAL CORELATION FOR N TYPE REBOUND HAMMER

157
Table 900-2 Max. Irregularity allowed -3 m st.
edge Once a day
• Longitudinally----

• Irregularity 4mm 7mm

• Length 300m 75 m 300m 75m

• NH 15 9 2 1
• RR 40 18 4 2

• Longitudinal/Transversally: allowable difference –

• Cement Concrete 3 mm
• Bituminous base 6 mm
• GSB 8 mm
158
• DLC/WBM 10 mm
 IRC 112-2010: COPA for Concrete Road
Bridges

• QC and Workmanship (P-200)

• 18.8.8 Inspection and Testing of Structures.
• Check within 15 days cracks, temperature, undue
deflection and deformation
• Doubt or cube fail- take core IS 516
• NDT, UPV and rebound hammer IS -13311,
• pullout, ASTM C-900
• probe penetration ASTM C -803
• Maturity ASTM C -1074
159
Standard Pull-out test apparatus 100 KN 160
Capacity
 PULL-OUT TEST FOR ESTIMATING STRENGTH
OF IN-SITU CONCRETE

161
pullout, ASTM C-900
Testing Arrangement and Effects of Internal Defects

If no signal is received it indicates that there may be large

interface present 162
Crack Depth Measurement using SURFER

163
 DURABILITY –
Adequate Strength, Minimum Corrosion, Minimum Air Voids
Consolidation Compaction Densification

Clayey soil Clayey/non-plastic Non plastic

Clayey-silty Concrete Filter media

Static load Mechanical Mechanical

Removal of Water Removal of air Addition of

water

AVOID HONEY-COMBING (Honey bee house)

Crack, fracture, fissure

164
SKID RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

165
CORROSION TEST EQUIPMENT
DATA PROCESSING FACILITY In-situ Water and Gas
Permeability Test

Maturity Meter for Estimating

WHEEL TYPE ELECTRODE Strength Gain in Concrete
CORROSION TEST
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test as per ASTM C-597-09
IS:13311-Part-I
Ferroscan (Cover meter) forDetecting and Measuring the
Depth of a Cover and Position of Reinforcing Bars