UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

OPERACIONES UNITARIAS II
PARALELO: 1

DESTILACION EN COLUMNA DE RELLENO O EMPAQUETAMIENTO

Integrantes:

CARVAJAL FATIMA

MARTINEZ BRYAN

PASTAS BRIAN

SALAS IVANA

VACA JAEL

Profesor:
GILDA GORDILLO

Quito-Ecuador
2019-2020
 DESTILACIÓN CON COLUMNA DE RELLENOS

En una columna de rectificación de relleno se introduce una mezcla líquida metanol-

agua a la temperatura de ebullición, de composición 0,40 (fracción molar).Ha de
separarse un destilado de composición 0,97 y un producto de cola de composición
0,04.Sila relación de reflujo es 0,90 y HOG vale 25 cm, determínese:
a) Las ecuaciones de las rectas de operación
b) El número de elementos de transmisión
c) La altura de relleno necesaria
a) Ecuaciones de la recta de operación

F (mol/h) TF (°C) XF XD XW L/V HoG

100 0.4 0.97 0.04 0.9 25 cm

𝐹 =𝐷+𝑊
100 = 𝐷 + 𝑊

0
𝐹𝑥𝐹 = 𝐷𝑥𝐷 + 𝑊𝑥𝑤
100 ∗ 0.4 = 0.97𝐷 + 0.04𝑊

𝐷 = 100 − 𝑊
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑾 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟐𝟗
𝒉
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐷 = 100 − 61.29 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟏
𝒉

𝐿
= 0.90
𝑉
𝑉−𝐿 =𝐷
𝑉 − 𝐿 = 38.71
𝐿
𝑉=
0.90
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
− 𝐿 = 38.71
0.90 ℎ
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟑𝟗
𝒉
 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑽 = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟏
𝒉

𝐿′ =La fracción liquida puede adquirir diferentes valores según su condición de

alimentación:

𝐿̅ = 𝐿 + 𝐹 ∗ 𝛷
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿̅ = 𝐿′ = 348.39 + 100 ∗ (1) = 𝟒𝟒𝟖. 𝟑𝟗
ℎ ℎ 𝒉
𝑉 ′ = 𝑉 + 𝐹 ∗ (1 − 𝛷)
𝑉 ′ = 𝑉̅ = 𝑉 + 𝐹 ∗ (1 − 𝛷)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑉̅ = 387.1 + 100 ∗ (1 − 1) = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟏
ℎ ℎ 𝒉

 Ecuaciones de las rectas de operación

𝐿 𝐷
𝑦=
∗ 𝑥 + ∗ 𝑥𝐷
𝑉 𝑉
348.39 38.71
𝑦1 = ∗𝑥+ ∗ 0.97 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟕
387.1 387.1
𝐿̅ 𝑊 𝐿′ 𝑊
𝑦2 = ∗ 𝑥 − ∗ 𝑥𝑊 ∗ 𝑥 − ∗ 𝑥𝑊
𝑉̅ 𝑉 𝑉′ 𝑉′
448.39 61.29
𝑦2 = ∗𝑥− ∗ 0.04 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟑
387.1 387.1
𝑦1 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟕
𝑦2 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟑
 DIAGRAMA DE EQUILIBRIO

METANOL AGUA
P atm 1 P atm 1
T eb C 64 T eb C 100
A 8.0724 A 8.07131
B 1574.99 B 1730.63
C 238.87 C 233.426
P 2 mm Hg 760 P 2 mm Hg 760

T2 eb C 64.5035503 T2 eb C 99.9968297
X 0.25 X 0.75
 METANOOL AGUA Diagrama de X-Y

T inicial log P sat P sat K Yi log P sat P sat K Yi Suma Yi T XB YB

64 2.872182085 745.0442798 0.980321421 0.245080355 2.252618964 178.9035524 0.235399411 0.17654956 0.42162991 64 1.03 1.01
65 2.889295383 774.9887227 1.019722004 0.254930501 2.2721169 187.1185745 0.246208651 0.18465649 0.43958699 65 0.97 0.99
66 2.906296415 805.9283161 1.060431995 0.265107999 2.291484601 195.6521392 0.257437025 0.19307777 0.45818577 66 0.92 0.98
67 2.923186282 837.8886003 1.102485 0.27562125 2.310723366 204.5141523 0.269097569 0.20182318 0.47744443 67 0.88 0.97
68 2.93996607 870.8955477 1.145915194 0.286478799 2.32983448 213.7147418 0.281203608 0.21090271 0.4973815 68 0.83 0.95
69 2.956636853 904.9755653 1.190757323 0.297689331 2.348819209 223.2642609 0.293768764 0.22032657 0.5180159 69 0.79 0.94
70 2.973199689 940.155496 1.237046705 0.309261676 2.367678802 233.1732906 0.306806961 0.23010522 0.5393669 70 0.75 0.92
71 2.989655623 976.4626214 1.284819239 0.32120481 2.386414492 243.4526419 0.320332424 0.24024932 0.56145413 71 0.70 0.91
72 3.006005687 1013.924663 1.334111399 0.33352785 2.405027496 254.1133586 0.334359682 0.25076976 0.58429761 72 0.67 0.89
73 3.022250899 1052.569786 1.384960245 0.346240061 2.423519016 265.1667198 0.348903579 0.26167768 0.60791775 73 0.63 0.87
74 3.038392265 1092.426597 1.437403417 0.359350854 2.441890237 276.6242422 0.363979266 0.27298445 0.6323353 74 0.59 0.85
75 3.054430777 1133.524149 1.491479144 0.372869786 2.460142329 288.4976828 0.379602214 0.28470166 0.65757145 75 0.56 0.83
76 3.070367415 1175.891944 1.547226242 0.386806561 2.478276448 300.7990412 0.395788212 0.29684116 0.68364772 76 0.52 0.81
77 3.086203147 1219.55993 1.604684119 0.40117103 2.496293732 313.5405617 0.412553371 0.30941503 0.71058606 77 0.49 0.79
78 3.101938928 1264.558507 1.663892773 0.415973193 2.514195308 326.7347363 0.429914127 0.32243559 0.73840879 78 0.46 0.77
79 3.117575701 1310.918525 1.724892796 0.431223199 2.531982287 340.3943064 0.447887245 0.33591543 0.76713863 79 0.43 0.75
80 3.133114398 1358.671288 1.787725379 0.446931345 2.549655766 354.5322655 0.466489823 0.34986737 0.79679871 80 0.40 0.72
81 3.148555938 1407.848552 1.852432305 0.463108076 2.567216827 369.1618613 0.485739291 0.36430447 0.82741254 81 0.38 0.70
82 3.163901231 1458.482529 1.919055959 0.47976399 2.58466654 384.2965982 0.505653419 0.37924006 0.85900405 82 0.35 0.67
83 3.179151173 1510.605887 1.987639325 0.496909831 2.602005961 399.9502389 0.526250314 0.39468774 0.89159757 83 0.32 0.64
84 3.19430665 1564.251751 2.058225988 0.514556497 2.619236131 416.1368073 0.547548431 0.41066132 0.92521782 84 0.30 0.62
85 3.209368537 1619.453702 2.130860135 0.532715034 2.63635808 432.8705902 0.569566566 0.42717492 0.95988996 85 0.28 0.59
86 3.224337698 1676.245782 2.205586556 0.551396639 2.653372825 450.1661395 0.592323868 0.4442429 0.99563954 86 0.25 0.56
87 3.239214988 1734.66249 2.282450645 0.570612661 2.670281369 468.0382743 0.615839835 0.46187988 1.03249254 87 0.23 0.53
88 3.254001248 1794.738785 2.361498401 0.5903746 2.687084704 486.5020829 0.64013432 0.48010074 1.07047534 88 0.21 0.49
89 3.268697313 1856.510086 2.442776429 0.610694107 2.703783808 505.5729248 0.665227533 0.49892065 1.10961476 89 0.19 0.46
90 3.283304005 1920.012272 2.526331937 0.631582984 2.720379648 525.2664328 0.691140043 0.51835503 1.14993802 90 0.17 0.43
91 3.297822136 1985.281685 2.612212743 0.653053186 2.736873179 545.5985146 0.717892782 0.53841959 1.19147277 91 0.15 0.39
92 3.31225251 2052.355124 2.700467269 0.675116817 2.753265345 566.5853549 0.745507046 0.55913028 1.2342471 92 0.13 0.35
93 3.32659592 2121.269854 2.791144545 0.697786136 2.769557076 588.2434173 0.774004496 0.58050337 1.27828951 93 0.11 0.31
94 3.34085315 2192.063597 2.884294206 0.721073552 2.785749293 610.5894458 0.803407166 0.60255537 1.32362893 94 0.09 0.27
95 3.355024974 2264.774538 2.979966497 0.744991624 2.801842905 633.6404671 0.833737457 0.62530309 1.37029472 95 0.08 0.23
96 3.369112157 2339.441324 3.078212268 0.769553067 2.817838811 657.4137916 0.865018147 0.64876361 1.41831668 96 0.06 0.19
97 3.383115455 2416.10306 3.179082974 0.794770743 2.833737896 681.9270157 0.897272389 0.67295429 1.46772504 97 0.05 0.14
98 3.397035616 2494.799315 3.282630677 0.820657669 2.849541038 707.1980231 0.930523715 0.69789279 1.51855046 98 0.03 0.10
99 3.410873377 2575.570116 3.388908047 0.847227012 2.865249102 733.2449865 0.964796035 0.72359703 1.57082404 99 0.01 0.05
100 3.424629469 2658.45595 3.497968355 0.874492089 2.880862944 760.0863692 1.000113644 0.75008523 1.62457732 100 0.00 0.00

3. CÁLCULO DE VOLUMEN MEDIO

𝑉̅ + 𝑉
𝑉′ =
2
 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
387.1 + 387.1
𝑉 =′ ℎ ℎ = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍 = 𝑮𝑴
2 𝒉
𝐿̅ + 𝐿
𝐿′ =
2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
448.39 + 348.39
′
𝐿 = ℎ ℎ = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟑𝟗 𝒎𝒐𝒍 = 𝑳𝑴
2 𝒉

4. CALCULO DE LA VELOCIDAD DE INUNDAICON

x y* y y*-y 1/(y*-y)
0 0
zona hervidor 0.04 0.07
0.0745 0.086 0.080 0.006 164.962059
0.10 0.1210 0.11 0.012 86.7077083
0.15 0.188 0.167 0.021 48.4660495
0.20 0.255 0.225 0.030 33.632664
0.25 0.322 0.283 0.039 25.751294
zona 0.30 0.389 0.341 0.048 20.8624538
rectificacion 0.35 0.456 0.399 0.057 17.5337086
0.40 0.523 0.457 0.066 15.121044
alimentacion 0.40 0.523 0.457 0.066 15.121044
0.45 0.59 0.515 0.075 13.2920394
0.50 0.66 0.573 0.084 11.8577544
0.55 0.72 0.631 0.093 10.7028566
0.60 0.79 0.688 0.103 9.75295758
0.65 0.86 0.746 0.112 8.95792463
0.70 0.93 0.804 0.121 8.2827396
0.75 0.99 0.862 0.131 7.64333158
0.80 1.06 0.920 0.140 7.14627715
0.85 1.13 0.978 0.149 6.70992331
0.90 1.19 1.036 0.158 6.32379073
agotamiento 0.95 1.26 1.094 0.167 5.97968104
 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦
𝑁𝑂𝐺 = ∫
𝑦1 𝑦∗−𝑦
0.4569
𝑁𝑂𝐺 = ∫ 1653.5𝑦4 − 4466.5𝑦3 + 4253.9𝑦2 − 1688.6𝑦 + 248.43 𝑑𝑦
0.08

𝑁𝑂𝐺 = 15.28

𝑚
̅ = √0.9 ∗ 1.158 = 1.02088
1 1 𝑚
̅
′
= +
𝑘𝐺 𝑘𝑔′ 𝑘𝑙′
𝐷𝑝 ∗ 𝑣𝑔 ∗ 𝜌𝑔 5.08 ∗ 10−2 ∗ 0.0074 ∗ 869.92
𝑅𝑒 = = = 408.776
𝜇 0.0008
408.776
𝑅𝑒 = = 410.01
0.997
𝑗𝑑 = 0.0052

𝑉 ′ = 387.1
Cálculo de Numero de Schmidt
 b) Altura de relleno necesaria
Z= HoG *NoG
Z= 0.25 m*15.28.= 3.82m
4.1. Calculo de las constantes de la grafica para calcular la velocidad de
inundación
Tabla 4.1-1
Concentraciones a la temperatura media
Tm ‘C x y
82 0.35 0.67
4.2. Calculo de la densidad del gas a la Tm=82

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝒚𝑻𝒎𝑴 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍 + (𝟏 − 𝒚𝑻𝒎)𝑴𝑯𝟐𝑶

𝑴𝑻𝒎

(𝑀𝑇𝑚) ̅ = 0.35 ∗ (32.04𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙) + (1 − 0.35) ∗ (18𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙)

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟏𝟒 𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍

𝑴𝑻𝒎

𝑷𝑴
𝝆𝒈 =
𝑹𝑻
1 ∗ 22.914𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝜌𝑔 =
0.08205𝑎𝑡𝑚 ∗ 𝐿
∗ (273.15 + 82)𝐾
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝐾
𝒈
𝝆𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟔
𝒍
4.3. Calculo de la densidad del liquido a Tm= 2 ‘C
Tabla 4.3-1
Densidades de los componentes a la Tmedia 82 ‘C

Componente 𝝆 𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟑
CH3OH 792
H2O 970.33
Fuente : Perry.J “Manual del ingeniero Quimico”, Editorial Mc Graw -Hill,
𝝆𝑳 = ∑ 𝒙𝒊𝒑𝒊
𝜌𝐿 = (0.35) ∗ (792) + (1 − 0.35)(970.33)
𝒌𝒈
𝝆𝑳 = 𝟗𝟎𝟕. 𝟗𝟏𝟒
𝒎𝟑
̅
4.4. Calculo de 𝒂
𝑳𝑴 𝝆𝑮
̅=
𝒂 √
𝑮𝑴 𝝆𝑳

𝐿𝑀 𝜌𝐺
𝑎̅ = √
𝐺𝑀 𝜌𝐿

398.39 0.786
𝑎̅ = √
387.1 907.914
̅ = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟖
𝒂
 Tabla4.4-1
Datos de viscosidad
Compuesto u,cP
Tetracloruro e carbono 0.015 9
Benceno 0.544
Fuente : Perry.J “Manual del ingeniero Quimico”, Editorial Mc Graw -Hill,