Lab Final Review

BIO 150
Review
• ALTHOUGH THIS IS A REVIEW MAKE SURE YOU STILL STUDY ALL THE
OTHER MATERIAL!!!!! i.e. other slides, lab manual, etc.
 Muscles of the Head &
Neck
Muscles of the Chest,
Shoulder, and Upper Limb
BIO150 Lab
Exercises 22&23
 Epicranius

Galea
aponeurotica
Corrugator
Frontal belly
supercilii
Orbicularis oculi Occipital
Levator labii belly
superioris
Zygomaticus Temporalis
minor and major
Buccinator Masseter
Risorius
Sternocleidomastoid
Orbicularis oris
Trapezius
Mentalis
Depressor Splenius capitis
labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Platysma

Figure 10.6
Figure 22.1a
 Epicranius

Galea
aponeurotica
Corrugator
Frontal belly
supercilii
Orbicularis oculi Occipital
Levator labii belly
superioris
Zygomaticus Temporalis
minor and major
Buccinator Masseter
Risorius
Sternocleidomastoid
Orbicularis oris
Trapezius
Mentalis
Depressor Splenius capitis
labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Platysma

Figure 10.6
Figure 22.1a
frontails

orbicularis oculi

nasalis

buccinator

oribicularis oris
Figure 22.3
Figure 22.4

sternocleidomastoid

scalenes

trapezius
Median raphe
Anterior Mylohyoid
Digastric belly Stylohyoid
Posterior Hyoid bone
belly Omohyoid
Stylohyoid (cut) (superior belly)
Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx Sternocleido-
Thyroid gland mastoid
Sternothyroid Omohyoid
(inferior belly)

(a)

Figure 10.8a
Figure 22.5
Figure 22.6
frontails
temporalis
orbicularis oculi
occipitalis nasalis

zygomaticus
capitis oribicularis oris
splenius
masseter
sternoceidomastoid
trapezius
platysma
 Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm

Levator
scapulae
Trapezius Supraspinatus
Clavicle
Deltoid Spine of
scapula
Rhomboid
minor Infraspinatus
Rhomboid Teres minor
major Teres major

Humerus

Latissimus
dorsi

(c)
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Figure 23.2
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomoboid minor

rhomoboid major deltoid

teres minor

tricwps brachii

latissimus dorsi
Muscles of Shoulder and Arm
• Pectoralis major

• Latissimus dorsi

• Deltoid

• Supraspinatus

• Infraspinatus

• Teres minor

• Subscapularis
 Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting
on the scapula and arm.

Sternocleido- Subclavius
mastoid Clavicle
Subscapularis
Deltoid
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis
major Coracobrachialis
Sternum
Serratus anterior
Biceps brachii Humerus

(a)

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Figure 23.1

deltoid pectoralis minor

pectoralis major
serratus anterior
biceps brachii brachialis
Rotator Cuff Muscles
SITS Muscles:

• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres MINOR
• Subscapularis
Figure 23.3a
Figure 23.3b
Figure 23.3c
Muscles of Arm and Forearm
• Biceps brachii

• Brachialis

• Triceps brachii

• Brachioradialis

• Supinator

• Pronator teres
Muscles of Arm and Forearm
• Biceps brachii

• Brachialis

• Triceps brachii

• Brachioradialis

• Supinator

• Pronator teres
 Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting
on the scapula and arm.

Sternocleido- Subclavius
mastoid Clavicle
Subscapularis
Deltoid
Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis
major Coracobrachialis
Sternum
Serratus anterior
Biceps brachii Humerus

(a)

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Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joint,
causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively
Supraspinatus*
ectivelyrespectively. Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*
Teres minor*
Teres major

Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Latissimus dorsi

Humerus
Olecranon process
of ulna
Anconeus

(b) Posterior view * Rotator cuff muscles

 Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm
acting on the right wrist and fingers.

Superficial transverse
ligament of palm

Palmar aponeurosis

Flexor retinaculum
Pronator quadratus
Flexor digitorum
superficialis Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi radialis Brachioradialis
Medial epicondyle Pronator teres
of humerus
Tendon of biceps brachii
Medial head of
triceps brachii Biceps brachii
(a)

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 Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm
acting on the right wrist and fingers.

Tendon of flexor
digitorum superficialis

Tendon of
brachioradialis (cut)
Tendon of flexor
Pronator quadratus carpi ulnaris (cut)
Tendon of flexor
Flexor pollicis longus carpi radialis (cut)

Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Extensor carpi
radialis longus
Supinator
Tendon of biceps
brachii (cut)
(b)

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Skeletal Muscles (cont)
BIO150Lab
Lab 24-26
 Muscles of the Vertebral Column
Figure 24.1
Figure 24.5
 Muscles of Abdominal Wall

Figure 24.2
Figure 24.2

(TIRE muscles)
Figure 24.3
 Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb

Figure 25.1 QUADRICEPS FEMORIS Group:

• Rectus femoris
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus intermedius (not seen in this figure)
Figure 25.2
FigureHAMSTRINGS
25.3 Group:
§ Biceps femoris
§ Semimembranosus
§ Semitendinosus
Figure 25.7
Figure 25.5
Figure 25.6a
 Lab 10:
Blood, test & typing

Exercise 41,42,43
Blood smear
Blood typing
• Identification of antigens present on the membrane
• ABO group
• Transfusion reaction
• Agglutination – clumping of blood

42
Table 43.1
Figure 43.1
Table 43.2
Blood being tested Serum
Anti-A Anti-B
Type AB (contains
agglutinogens A and B;
agglutinates with both
sera)
RBCs

Type A (contains
agglutinogen A;
agglutinates with anti-A)

Type B (contains
agglutinogen B;
agglutinates with anti-B)

Type O (contains no
agglutinogens; does not
agglutinate with either
serum)
Figure 17.16
Figure 43.2
 Blood transfusion
• Transfusion reaction happens because the antigen of the
RBC given to the patient is reacting with the antibody in the
patient’s blood. This results in hemolysis, organ failures and
probably death.
• Transfusion reaction will happen when e.g.:
• Patient with blood group A is transfused with blood group B
• Patient with blood group O is transfused with blood group A, B or
AB
• Patient with blood group Rh – is transfused with blood group Rh+
repeatedly, including Rh – pregnant women with Rh + fetus
Table 43.1
Hemolytic Disease of the New born
• Other name: erythroblastosis fetalis
• Happens when a Rh- women pregnant with Rh+ baby on the second
or more pregnancies
• The mother develops antibody against the baby’s RBC, and the
antibody crosses the placenta and get into the baby’s circulation and
attacking the baby’s RBC and hematopoetic organs
 Lab 11:
Heart Structure
Cardiac Cycle
Electrocardiography
Exercise 44,45,46
 Cardiovascular System
• Arteries: Blood vessels that are leaving the heart (including
aorta)
• Veins: Blood vessels that are entering the heart
• Heart Valves:
• present when blood vessels leaving the heart :
• Pulmonic valve (semilunar)
• Aortic valve
• Between the atriums & ventricles (atrioventricular)
• Mitral valve (btw left atrium & left ventricle)
• Tricuspid valve (btw right atrium & right ventricle)
 Cardiovascular system
• 4 chambers:
1. Left Atrium (LA)
2. Right Atrium (RA)
3. Left Ventricle (LV)
4. Right Ventricle (RV)

• VC= Vena cava

• PA=Pulmonary artery
• PV=Pulmonary vein
• AO=Aorta
Heart Circulation
Heart Anatomy
Heart Valves
Ventricle contraction (systole): AV valves closed; semilunar valves open
Ventricle relaxation (diastole): AV valves open; semilunar valves closed
Anatomy of Blood Vessels

BIO150 Lab
Exercise 47,48,49
Blood Vessels & Lymphatic System
• Anatomy of arteries ; veins
• Major arteries and veins (of head, upper and lower extremities)
• Lymphatic pathways; Lymph nodes;
• Review Lab Assessment 47 (parts C; D; E-figures 47.15 and 47.16)
Blood Vessels
• Delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at the
heart
• Arteries: carry blood away from the heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary
circulation and umbilical vessels of a fetus
• Capillaries: contact tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs
• Veins: carry blood toward the heart
 Tunica intima
• Endothelium Valve
• Subendothelial layer
Internal elastic lamina
Tunica media
(smooth muscle and
elastic fibers)
External elastic lamina
Tunica externa
(collagen fibers)

Lumen Lumen
Capillary Vein
Artery network
Basement membrane
Endothelial cells

(b) Capillary

Figure 19.1b
The Major Systemic Arteries
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Superficial temporal a.
Facial a.
External carotid a.
Internal carotid a.
Vertebral a. Common carotid a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Subclavian a. Subclavian a.
Axillary a. Aortic arch
Internal thoracic a.
Diaphragm
Subscapular a.
Deep brachial a.
Brachial a. Common hepatic a.
Splenic a.
Radial collateral a. Renal aa.
Superior ulnar Superior mesenteric a.
collateral a. Gonadal a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Radial a. Common iliac a.
Internal iliac a.
Ulnar a.
External iliac a.
Interosseous aa.

Palmar
arches

Deep femoral a.

Femoral a.

Popliteal a.

Anterior tibial a.

Posterior tibial a.

Fibular a.

Arcuate a.

• Supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs

20-61
The Major Systemic Veins
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

External jugular v.
Internal jugular v. Brachiocephalic v.
Subclavian v.
Axillary v.
Superior vena cava
Diaphragm
Hepatic v. Kidney
Inferior vena cava
Renal v. Cephalic v.
Brachial vv. Basilic v.

Gonadal vv. Common iliac v.

Internal iliac v.
Radial vv. External iliac v.
Median
Ulnar vv. Antebrachial v.
Venous
palmar arches Dorsal venous
network

Deep femoral v.

Femoral v. Femoral v.

Popliteal v.

Anterior tibial vv.

Posterior tibial vv.
Small saphenous v.
Great saphenous v.
Fibular vv.

Dorsal venous arch Plantar venous arch

• Deep veins run parallel to arteries while superficial veins

have
20-62
many anastomoses
Lymphatic System: Functions
• Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood
• Once interstitial fluid enters lymphatics, it is called lymph
• Together with lymphoid organs and tissues, provide the structural
basis of the immune system
Respiratory System
Exercise 50,51,52
Respiratory System: Functional Anatomy
• Major organs
• Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi and their branches
• Lungs and alveoli
 Trachea

Superior lobe
of left lung
Left main
(primary)
Superior lobe bronchus
of right lung Lobar
(secondary)
bronchus
Segmental
Middle lobe (tertiary)
of right lung bronchus

Inferior lobe Inferior lobe

of right lung of left lung

Figure 22.7
Figure 50.5
Respiratory Volumes
• Used to assess a person’s respiratory status
• Tidal volume (TV)
• Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
• Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
• Residual volume (RV)
 Adult male Adult female
Measurement average value average value Description
Amount of air inhaled or
Tidal volume (TV) 500 ml 500 ml exhaled with each breath
under resting conditions
Amount of air that can be
Inspiratory reserve 3100 ml 1900 ml forcefully inhaled after a nor-
volume (IRV)
Respiratory mal tidal volume inhalation
volumes Amount of air that can be
Expiratory reserve 1200 ml 700 ml forcefully exhaled after a nor-
volume (ERV)
mal tidal volume exhalation
Amount of air remaining in
Residual volume (RV) 1200 ml 1100 ml the lungs after a forced
exhalation