PROBLEM SOLVING

A. Use inductive reasoning to predict the next number in each of the following lists.
1. 3, 6, 9, 12,
2. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15,
3. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26,
4. 5, 50, 500, 5000,
5. a, 6, c, 12, e, 18,

B. Use inductive reasoning to make a conjecture about the relationship between the
size of the original number.

1. Pick a number. Multiply the number by 8, add 6 to the product divide the sum by
2, and subtract to 3. (can be multiplied by 4).

2. Pick a number by 9, add 15 to the product, divide the sum by 3, and subtract 5.

3. Pick a number. Multiply the number by 6, add 10 to the product, divide the sum
by 2, and subtract by 5.

LOGIC PUZZLES

A. Solve the following logic puzzles.

1. Each of the neighbors, Sean, Maria, Sarah, and Brian, has a different occupation
(editor, banker, chef, or dentist). From the following clues, determine the
occupation of each neighbor.
a. Maria gets home work after the banker but before the dentist.
b. Sarah who is the last to get home from work, is not am editor.
c. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the same time.
d. The banker lives next door to Brian.

2. Brianna, Ryan, Tyler, and Ashley were recently elected as the new class officers
(president, Vice president, secretary, treasurer) of the sophomore class at
Summit College. From the following clues, determine which each holds.
a. Ashley is younger than the vice president but older than the treasurer.
b. Brianna and the secretary are both the same age, and they are the youngest
members of the group.
c. Tyler and the secretary are next-door neighbors.

3. Four married couples are members of the society. The wives names are Kathy,
Sally, Jovie, Apple. The husband’s name are Danny, Wally, George, and
Fernando. Find who is married to whom.
a. Wally is Jovie’s brother
b. Jovie and Fernando dated some, but then Fernando met his present wife
c. Kathy is married to George.
d. Apple has two brothers
e. Apple’s husband is an only child.

4. There was a jar of chocolate cookies on the table. James and Monica were very
hungry because they hadn’t had anything to eat since breakfast, so they ate half
of the cookies. He ate a third of what was left in the jar. Then Tiffany came
rushing up and took one cookies to munch on in her class. When Valerie looked
at the cookie jar, she saw there were two cookie jar, she saw there were two
cookies left. How many cookies were in the jar to begin with?
5. Mang Ruben has only an 11-liter can and a 5-liter can. How can he measure out
exactly 7-liters of water.

6. Predict the next number in each of the following lists.

a. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,
b. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15,
c. ½, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, 5/6,
d. 1, 5, 12, 22, 35,

7. Consider the following procedure: Pick a number. Multiply the number by 8, add
6 to the product, divide the sum by 2, and subtract 3. Complete the procedure for
several different numbers. Make a conjecture about the relationship between the
size of the resulting number and the size of the original number.

8. Use the data in the table to answer each of the following questions.
Length of Pendulum, in units Period of Pendulum, in heartbeats
1 1
4 2
9 3
16 4
25 5
36 6
a. If a pendulum has a length of 49 units, what is its period?
b. If the length of the pendulum is quadrupled, what happens to its period?

9. Ten people can sit around a rectangular table for a meal. When two such tables
are joined side by side, 18 people can sit around two tables. When three such
tables are joined side by side, 26 people can sit around the three tables. How
many such rectangular tables are needed for 90 people to sit together?

10. At tuition center, some teacher teach English while others mathematics or both
subjects. Fifty- two teachers teach English and 38 teachers teach mathematics.
Of these, 22 teachers teach both subjects. How many teachers are in the tuition
center?

11. On a balance scale, two spools and one thimble balance 8 buttons. Also, one
spool balances one thimble and one button. How may buttons will balance one
spool?

12. Ms. X, Ms. Y and Ms. Z- an American women, an English woman, and a
Frenchwomen but not necessarily in that order, were seated around a circular
table, playing a game of hearts. Each passed three cards to the right person on
her right. Ms. Y passed three hearts to the American. Ms. X passed the queen of
spades and two diamonds to the person who passed her cards to the
Frenchwoman. Who was the American? The Englishwoman? The
Frenchwoman?

13. In order to encourage his in the study of mathematics, a father promised the son
P8 for every problem solved correctly and to fine him P5 for each incorrect
solution. After 26 problems neither owed anything to the other. How many
problems did the boy solve correctly?

14. The Sailor Coconut Problem

 Three sailors were marooned on a deserted island that was also inhabited
by a band of monkeys. The sailors worked all day to collect coconuts but
were too tired that night to count them. They agreed to divide them equally
the next morning. During the night, one sailor woke up and decide to take
his share. He found that he could make three equal piles, with one
coconut left over, which he threw to the monkeys. Thereupon he put his
own share in a pile down the beach, and left the remainder in a single pile
near where they all slept. Later that night, the second sailor awoke and,
likewise, decided to take his share of coconuts. He also was able to make
three equal piles, with one coconut leftover, which he threw to the monkey.
Somewhat later, the third sailor awoke and did exactly the same thing with
the remaining coconuts, in the morning, all three sailors noticed the pile
was considerably smaller, but each thought that he knew why and said
nothing. When they then divide what was left of the original pile of
coconuts equally, each sailor received seven and one was left over, which
they threw to the monkeys. How many coconuts were in the original pile?

15. Alice, Ben, and Carl collect stamps. They exchange stamps among themselves
according to the following scheme: Alice gives Ben as many stamp as Ben has
and Carl as many stamps as Carl has. After that, Ben gives Alice and Carl as
many stamps as each of them has, and then Carl gives Alice and Ben as many
stamps as each has. If each finally has 64 stamps, with how many stamps does
Alice start?

16. Solve the following cryptarithms. In each problem, letters represent a single digit
only.

a. (HE)² = SHE
b. W R O N G
+W R O N G
RIGHT

17. A college student sent a postcard to her parents with the message
S END
+ MORE
MONE Y

If each letter represents a digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), with different

digits and the same letter representing the same digit each time it occurs, how much
money is being requested? (SEND for the school tuition and MORE for other
expenses.)

18. How many squares of all sizes are in an 8x8 checkerboard?

19. If a pup is worth a pooch and mutt, and a pup and a pooch are worth one bird
dog, and two bird dogs are worth three mutts, how many pooches in a pup
worth?

20. Find 3 solids and their measurements whose surface area is 60 square units.
 21. If it is now 10:45 am, what time will it be in 143,999,999,995 minutes from now?

22. Find the units digit for the sum 1325 + 481 + 5411

23. An egg vendor broke all the eggs that he was delivering to a local store. He
could not remember how many eggs that were in all. However, he did remember
that when he tried to pack them into packages of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 he had one left
over each time. When he packed them into packages of 7, he had left over. What
is the smallest number of eggs he could have had in the shipment?

24. Every GOOP is a GROUP. Half of all GORGS are GORPS. Half of all GORPS
are GOOPS. There are 40 GORGS and 30 GOOPS. No GORG is a GOOP. How
many GORPS are neither GOOPS nor GORGS?

25. THE HANDSHAKE PROBLEM. Mr. and Mrs. Adams recently attended a party at
which there were three other couples. Various handshakes took place. No one
shook hands with his/her own spouse, no one shook hands with the same person
twice, and of course, no one shook his/her own hand. After all the handshaking
was finished, Mr. Adams asked each person, including his wife, how many hands
he/she had shaken. To his surprise, each gave a different answer. How many
hands did Mr. Adams shake?

26. Two players, A and B, take turns in the following game. There is a pile of six
matchsticks. At a turn, a player must take one or two sticks from the remaining
pile. The player who takes the last stick wins. Player A makes the first move and
each player makes the best possible move. Who wins the game?

27. In order to win the grand prize, Benny has to crack this secret code. Given the
clues, help Ben to crack the code: 83_ _ 65
a. The third digit is greater than the second digit.
b. The difference between the third and fourth digit is 3.
c. When the sum of all numbers is divided by 5, it has a remainder of 3
d. When the sum of all numbers is divided by 6, it has a remainder of 3.

28. In a group, some children like swimming while others like skiing or both sports.
Twenty- five children like skiing. Of these, 13 like swimming and skiing. How
many children are there in the group?

29.

Three people sit around a triangular table. Four sit around two such tables. How
many people can sit around 10 such tables?

30. Cheryl’s birthday problem

Albert and Bernard just become friends with Cheryl, they want to know when her
birthday is. Cheryl gives them list of 10 possible dates
May 15 May 16 May 9
June 17 June 18
July 14 July 16
August 14 August 15 August 17

Cheryl then tells Albert and Bernard separately the month and the day of her birthday
respectively.
Albert: I don’t know when Cheryl’s birthday is, but I know that Bernard does not know
too.
Bernard: At first I don’t know when Cheryl’s birthday is, but I know now.
Albert: Then I also know when Cheryl’s birthday is.
So, when is Cheryl’s birthday?

31. During one semester, Rica Mae was given P25 for each Math test that she
passed and was fined P50 for each math test that she failed. By the end of the
semester, Rica Mae passed seven times as many tests as she failed and she
had a total of P375. How many tests did she fail?
32. Joy takes up jogging as her form of exercise. She jogs daily in their bargangay
auditorium. On the first week, she jogs for 15 minutes per day, on the second
week she jogs for 20 minutes per day. Each week, she wants to increase her
jogging time by 5 minutes per day. If she jogs six days each week, what will be
her total jogging time on the sixth week?
33. There are eight runners on each relay-race team. The first team member runs
36o meters. Each team member runs 45 meters less than the runner before.
How many meters did the last team member run in the relay race?
34. Rachel has 2 blouses, 2 skirts, and 2 pairs of sandals. How many different outfits
does she have?
35. Jay forgot the combination of numbers of his locker. Though he remembers some
clues:
a. It is a three-digit number.
b. The digit in the tens place is less than 5.
c. The digit in the ones place is an odd number less than 7.
d. The digit in the hundreds digit is greater than 7.
e. The number can be evenly divided by 3.
What could be the locker number of Jay?
36. A survey of 120 people was conducted to determine who have watched from the
different television networks. The results are shown in the table below. How many
of the 120 people did not watch any of the three television networks?
TV Network No. of People
ABS-CBN 55
GMA 30
TV 5 40
ABS-CBN and TV 5 10
ABS-CBN and GMA 12
GMA and TV 5 8
ABS-CBN, GMA and TV 5 5

37. Wally asked Joy how old she was. Joy said to him that she would give him clues
and see if he could guess her age. Joy wrote down the clues and let Wally make
a guess.
a. My age is between 18 and 35.
b. My age is multiple of 3.
c. My age is an odd number.
d. The digits of my age are repeated.
38. Faith, Shanelle and Monique are varsity players in the women’s basketball team.
Their positions are guard, forward and center. Given the following conditions, find
who plays each position in the team.
a. Faith and the center bought an avocado shake for Monique.
b. Faith is not a guard.
39. Rachel is six years older than Irene. Six years ago, she was twice as old as
Irene. How old are they at present?
40. Mr. and Mrs. Austria love to run around the town. From past experiences, they
know that Mr. Austria can run 6km in the time it takes Mrs. Austria to run 4km.
they have decided that they need to run the same distance, 9km, and finish
 together. How much of a head start does Mrs. Austria need for them to finish
together?
41. Pedro and Petra went to fetch a container of water from a well. Pedro had a 3-gal
container while Petra had a 5-gal container. When they were on their way home,
they found an 8-gal container. How should they divide the water so that each one
had 4-gal of water?
42. Angela and Mikayla started to work on the same day. After they had started work,
Angela is to visit the central office every 15 days and Mikayla is to visit the
central office every 18 days. How many days will it be before they both visit the
central office at the same time?
43. Winnie is offered an afternoon gardening job that will last for 15 days. The home
owner who wants to hire her offers two payment schemes.
Scheme 1: A payment of P100 on the first day and then P25 and an
additional of 10% of the previous day payment each day thereafter.
Scheme 2: A payment of P1500 for the 15 days gardening work.
Which payment scheme should Winnie accept?
44. Anthony’s annual income has been increasing each year by the same amount.
The first year, his income was 24,000php and the ninth-year income was
31,680php. In which year his income 45,120php?
45. A food committee prepared 3 kinds of sandwiches, 5 drinks, 4 fruits, and three
candies. How many kinds of snacks containing a sandwich, a drink, a fruit and a
candy are possible?
46. A survey on subjects being taken by 250 college students in La Union revealed
the following information:
SUBJECT Number of Students
taking the Subject
Mathematics 145
Filipino 90
English 88
Math and Filipino 25
Filipino and English 38
Math and English 59
Math, Filipino and English 15
a. How many did not take any of the three subjects?
b. How many took Math as their only subject? English only? Filipino only?
c. How many were taking exactly one subject only? Exactly 2 subjects
only?
47. Because of the TRAIN LAW, Anna, Jennifer and Kheah each decided to take two
jobs, but no two have the same occupation. The occupations are nurse,
accountant, singer, architect, cartoonist, and interior designer. Given the
information below, determine the occupations of each individual.
a. The nurse had lunch with the singer.
b. The singer went fishing with Ana, who is not a cartoonist.
c. The interior designer is related to the accountant.
d. The nurse hired the interior designer to do a job.
e. Jennifer lives next door to the cartoonist.
f. Khaeh beats Jennifer and the interior designer at Tennis.
g. Kheah is not the nurse.
48. If the third of the three consecutive integers is increased by 14, it is equal to twice
the first, find the integers.
49. When asked how much money he earned last vacation, Josh replied, “if you
increased one – half of my earnings by P30, you will obtain three fourths of my
earnings.” How much did Josh earn?
50. In the town of Balaoan, three children namely Pepe, Juan and Jose deliver
newspaper. Pepe delivers 3 times as many papers as Jose and Juan delivers 13
more than Pepe. If the 3 children delivered 496 newspapers, how many papers
does each deliver?
51. Vhong, Karylle, Billy and Anne are attending It’s Showtime University (ISU). One
student is a computer science major, one is a chemistry major, one is a business
major, and one is a biology major. From the following clues, determine which
major each student is pursuing.
a. Vhong and the computer science major are next door neighbors.
b. Karylle and the chemistry major have attended ISU for 2 years. Billy has
attended ISU for 3 years, and the biology major has attended ISU for 4
years.
c. Anne has attended ISU for fewer years than Vhong.
d. The business major has attended ISU for 2 years.
52. There is a bowl of candy sitting on our kitchen table. One morning Nadia takes
one-sixth of the candy. Later that morning Peter takes one-fourth of the candy
that’s left. That afternoon, Andrew takes one-fifth of what’s left in the bowl and
finally Anne takes one-third of what is left in the bowl. If there are 16 candies left
in the bowl at the end of the day, how much candy was there at the beginning of
the day?
53. In a certain school, 50 students in a certain class were enrolled in three subjects
(MMW – Mathematics in the Modern World, STS – Science, Technology and
Society and UTS – Understanding the Self) as follows:
30 enrolled in MMW
20 enrolled in STS
25 enrolled in UTS
14 enrolled in UTS and MMW
12 enrolled in UTS and STS
11 enrolled in MMW and STS
5 enrolled in three subjects
Determine the number of students that did not enroll in any of the three
subjects.
54. Bob, Maria, and Susan all have birthday on the same day. Bob’s present age is
two years less than the sum of Maria’s and Susan’s ages. In five years, Bob will
be twice as old Maria will be then. Two years ago, Maria was one-half as old as
Susan was. How old is each now?
55. Mr. Almario, Mr. Bucad, Mr. Chan, Mr. Dizon, and Mr. Espino are five senior
members of the Devonshire Polo Club. Each owns a pony that is named after the
wife of the others. Mr. Almario’s pony named Georgette, Mr. Chan owns Jasmine,
Mr. Espino owns Inez. Francine, owned by Mr. Dizon is named after Mr. Almario’s
wife. Georgette’s husband owns a pony that is named after Mr. Bucad’s wife.
Helen Chan is the only wife who knows how to ride a horse. Who is Jasmine’s
husband? Who owns Helen?