CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Literature survey
3. Problem Definition
4. Objective
5. Methodology
6. References
 ABSTRACT

Muscular fatigue in athletes is one of the major causes of injuries,

which is normally detected after the muscle is already injured. It is
important to detect muscular fatigue before it is visible, not only to prevent
future injuries but also to improve athletes’ performance.

The main objective of this thesis is to detect and characterize

muscular fatigue. The signals under study are electrical impulses produced
by the muscle (electromyography). Analyzing these signals allows us to
evaluate if fatigue is present. The amplitude of EMG signals increases
progressively as a function of time when the fatigue increases.EMG signal
will be acquired fromclinical database. Signalgenerated the main muscles
during particular task will be analyzed for fatigue assessment. In recent
research paper many EMG indices have been suggested and compared in
muscle fatigue assessment, including root mean square (RMS), the median
(MF), and mean power frequencies (MPF) based on Fourier Transform.
Feature obtained from the signal is given to Classifier which is identified
category or class Label of EMG signal, two different class label used is
Fatigue and non-fatigue.
 INTRODUCTION

EMG is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity

produced by skeletal muscles. An EMG detects the electrical potential
generated by muscle cell when these are electrically or neurologically
activated.Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been widely used
in muscle fatigue evaluation due to its noninvasiveness, real
time, and applicability. The EMG signals are used to examine the cause of
muscle weakness, numbness, several types of limb pain, cramping, muscle
disorder such as polymyositis or biomechanics of living beings movement
and can be used to find the weakness and strength level of muscles for
recovery purpose.Muscle fatigue is defined as a loss of the required or
expected force from a muscle and has been a popular research topic for a
long time. In manual lifting task, an object of definable dimensions is
grabbed with both hands and moves the objects with both hands without the
use of any automated device vertically. Workers in manufacturing
industries regularly perform lifting task manually to move objects to desired
place. Even though there is so much mechanized and automated equipment
are available but manually lifting task is a common choice and a key
method to operate material handling task. Incorrect lifting skills can lead to
injuries like back pain. Back pain is a common problem in industries and
which cause many loses such as increase in medical cost, low productivity
and absenteeism. Many research works have been done to analyze EMG
signal and many techniques have been proposed. Some used fast Fourier
transform (FFT). However, magnitude and frequency of EMG signal are
variable and FFT is appropriate for a stationary signal. Also, it provides
spectral information only. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT)
technique was used to overcome the limitation of FFT, which provides
spectral and temporal information that represents signal with time-
frequency representation (TFR).Apart from that, some used wavelet
transform in the analysis of EMG signal.WT has some advantage as well as
disadvantages like it needs lots of computational analysis, noise level
sensitivity and reliance of its own accuracy on selected wavelet. In this
study, EMG signals are analysed to identify fatigue in muscles by locating
the phase and characteristic of muscle fatigue activity. The EMGsignals
divided into four phases of muscle activity in different phases can be
evaluated to detect the muscle fatigue based on peak voltage of phase.The
activity of skeletal muscles is controlled by neuralpulses/commands from
the brain. Single musclemembrane generates electric potential. Detection
ofthe electric potential generated by muscle cells whenthese is electrically
or neurologically activatedrepresents the EMG signal. The amplitude
depends onthe muscle type and conditions during the observationprocess
and ranges from μV to mV. Subsequently theEMG signal can be used in
many clinical andbiomedical applications.Inproposed system consist of
1.filtering 2. Feature Extraction 3.Feature selection. 4. Classification.
 Literature Survey
Several studies are focusing on patient health monitoring to improve the
health care system in the medical field. Many inspiring designs can be
found in the health monitoring system literature.

 The paper presented by Lejun Wang et at [1]: “A Comparative Study of

EMG Indices in Muscle FatigueEvaluation Based on Grey Relational
Analysis during All-OutCycling Exercise”, proposed EMG signals
recorded fromvastus lateralis (VL) were band-pass filtered at 5–500 Hz
using a 4th-order zerophase-shift Butterworth filter and were divided into
every3-second epochs. The results suggested that MNF derived from
wavelet packet transformation wassignificantly higher than other EMG
indices, indicating the potential application for fatigue evaluation induced
by all-out cyclingexercise.
 The paper presented by Ms. Nyni K.A, Linson K Vincent, LisiyaVarghese
: “Wireless Health Monitoring System for ECG, EMGand EEG
Detecting”,a wireless biosignal system is designed for health
monitoring which integrates both the extracting and monitoring of the
biosignal such as ECG, EEG and EMG.
 The paper presented by AsnorJuraiza Ishak, Siti Anom Ahmad, Azura
Che Soh, “Design of a Wireless Surface EMGAcquisitionSystem”,the
wireless EMG system for ankle jointmovements was developed andtested.
The system was built bydesigning a multichannel sEMG data acquisition
system.

 The paper presented by Yuwei Chenet,“Wearable Electromyography

Sensor Based OutdoorIndoor Seamless Pedestrian Navigation Using
MotionRecognition Method”, The authors propose an EMG based PDR
using a motionrecognition algorithm.

 The paper presented by Aravind E Vijayan∗, Asma Beevi K.T:”High SNR

 EMG Acquisition System for Biofeedback Applications”, present the
design and development of a simple, cost effective and low power surface
EMG signal acquisition unit for a neuromuscular biofeedback system.
 The paper presented by NurhazimahNazmi, MohdAzizi Abdul
Rahman,SaifulAmriMazlan:’’ Electromyography (EMG) based Signal
Analysis forPhysiological Device Application in Lower
LimbRehabilitation”, presented a preliminary work on
theclassificationpattern of muscle contraction activities.Basically, the aim
of this paper is to improve the existingapproach of the feature extraction
in a pattern system by using DWT and FCM.

 The paper presented by Erik Vavrinskýet: “Design of EMG wireless

sensor system”,explains problematic of EMG signal measurements and
used differential amplifier designated as a part of modular biomedical
sensor system (MBSS).
 The paper presented by Abhishek B. Janiet al. [1]:“Design of a Low-
power, Low-cost ECG & EMG Sensor for Wearable Biometric and
Medical Application”, presents a new ECG & EMG sensor which had
power consumption less than 1.65 mW (I<500 µA @ 3.3 V) and cost less
than USD 10. The paper also discusses the implementation details and
various testing results.

TheHealthMonitoringsystemcanwirelesslymonitorthepatient,notifythemedical
departmentandfamilymembersimmediatelyincaseofemergencies.The
repetitive task for post-stroke rehabilitations is a suitable method for muscle
weaknessrecovery, but the monitoring of muscle activity is too important.
The musclefatigue can occur when thestroke survivor exercises with a long
period of time without rest.
Problem Definition:
1. Clinically it is difficult to diagnose muscle Fatigue site and its effect.
2. Automated Surface EMG diagnosis not only saves time but finds other than
the clinical application.
3. Surface EMG can have limited applications due to inherent problems
associated with surface EMG noise.
4. EMG signal recordings are typically more accurate with individuals who
have lower body fat, and more compliant skin, such as young people when
compared to old. Muscle cross talk occurs when the EMG signal from one
muscle interferes with that of another limiting reliability of the signal of the
muscle being tested. Surface EMG is limited due to the lack of deep
muscles reliability.

Objective:-

1.The objective is to design an automated Fatigue diagnostic system

2.To increases classification accuracy so it can be used in clinical and sports
research for fatigue analysis and management.

Methodology:

1.Data collection
2.Data filtering
3.Feature extraction
4.Classifier design linear, nonlinear and multi classifier

Data Collection:-
The raw EMG signal was acquired from the deltoid lateral and biceps muscles. At
deltoid muscle, thesurface electrode needs to be placed at the distance of one
finger width distal and anterior. The data base of EMG signal required for the
project will be obtained from the online available sources and will be put to use to
achieve the objective. At bicepsmuscle, the electrode needs to be placed between
the medial acromion and the fossa cubit. The EMG electrode placement was
referred to as the SENIAM group muscle position [16].Before electrode
placement, the surface must have to be cleaned to reduce the resistance of the
skin.

Five healthy male and female with an average age of 25 years old were selected as
participants for theexperiments. Before data collections, the participants had been
briefed all the procedures of themovements. The participants must be free from
muscle abnormalities and they were not allowed to domuscle exercise within 24
hours prior to the data collections.

Data filtering:

Filtering of the signal is important. It is usedto focus on a narrow band of

electricalenergy that is of interest to us rather than all the electrical signals that the
sensors will pick up. Electromyography (EMG) signals are usually affectedby
noise, which maybe generated bydifferent sources, such as the hardware
employed for signal amplification,and digitization, the movementofcables during
datacollection and the activity ofmotorunits distant from the detection point.
There are many types of filters and several methods to determine the “optimal”,
cut-offfrequency. Types offilters include theclassicButterworth, Fourierseries,
Kalman, cubic andquintic spline, andfinite impulse response(FIR) filters. Filter
equations, such as in the Butterworth filter, are frequently recursive. Current
values depend on the previous values, which introduces a phase lag into the
signal. These filters are, therefore, applied in both forward and reverse directions
in order to remove the phase lag. Some useful procedures aimed at minimizing
the influence of noise on the detected signal are highlighted by Cram et al. [2]. In
practice, thecollected signal may still be corrupted by noise.
Feature extraction:
In the medical field, evolution of technology is extremely fast passed. Separate
devices are present for measuring EMG. In this proposed methodology aim is
to develop a low cost which is affordable for the people of developing and
under developed country. In this papers, separate devices were used for
EMGalso includes wireless facility.upper-limb prostheses control and there are
up-to-date to the available technique. implemented in realtime application.
Thirteen features in time domain including integrated EMG, mean absolute
value, modified mean absolute value 1 and 2, mean absolute value slope,
simple square integral, variance of EMG, root mean square, waveform length,
zero crossing, slope sign change, Willison amplitude, and auto-regressive
model. Moreover, two features based on frequency domain are mean frequency
and median frequency. In addition, some specific parameters in feature
methods are fixed i.e. the number of segments I of MAVS is 2, the order of AR
model is 1, and the threshold parameter of ZC, SSC and WAMP is chosen
between 10 and 100 mV.
 Data Collection

EMG Signal Filtering

Classification

Feature Extraction

Feature Selection

ClassLabel
Fatigue and Non Fatigue

Figure:Flowchart
References:

[1]Abhishek B. Janiet al. “Design of a Low-power, Low-cost ECG & EMG

Sensor for Wearable Biometric and Medical Application”, 2017(IEEE).

[2]Ms.Nyni K.A, Linson K Vincent, LisiyaVarghese : “Wireless Health

Monitoring System for ECG, EMGand EEG Detecting”, 2017(IEEE).

[3]AsnorJuraiza Ishak, Siti Anom Ahmad, Azura Che Soh:”Design of a

Wireless Surface EMGAcquisitionSystem”,2017(IEEE).

[4]YuweiChenet, Ruizhi Chen, Xiang Chen:”Wearable Electromyography

Sensor Based OutdoorIndoor Seamless Pedestrian Navigation Using
MotionRecognition Method”,2011(IEEE).

[5]Edita Rosana Widasari, Ryoichi Miyauchi, Hiroki Tamura:”A Wireless

Surface Electromyogram MonitoringSystem Using Smartphone and Its
Application toMaintain Biceps Muscle”,2015(IEEE).

[6]NurhazimahNazmi, MohdAzizi Abdul Rahman,SaifulAmriMazlan:’’

Electromyography (EMG) based Signal Analysis forPhysiological Device
Application in Lower LimbRehabilitation”, 2015(IEEE).

[7]Aravind E Vijayan, Asma BeeviK.T:”High SNR EMG Acquisition

System forBiofeedback Applications”,2015(IEEE).

[8]. ErikVavrinský Martin Daricek, Martin Donoval: “Design of EMG

wireless sensor system”, (IEEE).

[9] Electromyography,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography