SUBNETTING

DEFINATION
It is define as
“​A subnet is a logical grouping of connected network devices. Nodes on a subnet tend to be
located in close physical proximity to each other on a LAN.”
SUBNET
It is define as
“​Subnet describes networked computers and devices that have a common, designated IP address
routing prefix​.”
EXPLANATION

Subnetting involves dividing an IP address range into two or more separate ranges known as
subnets. It is done because it simplifies administration in some way​. ​Breaking networks into
smaller, easily defined subnets allows the administrator to better address data flow and create
security and makes a logical map to resolve any problem. It involve in using IP address to
determine whether the required network is local or remote. Subnetting is used to break the
network into smaller more efficient subnets to prevent excessive rates of Ethernet packet
collision in a large network.Subnetting allows the network to be logically divided regardless of
the physical layout of a network, since it is possible to divide a physical network into several
subnets by configuring different host computers to use different routers. The primary reason for
subnetting is to improve efficiency in the utilization of the relatively small address space
available, particularly to enterprises.

REASON FOR SUBNETTING

● Before the advent of subnetting, networks were divided solely on the basis of class.
● This was a good place to start, but it soon became obvious that greater flexibility would be
needed. For one thing, we're quickly running out of usable addresses as the Internet
continues to expand.
● Subnetting is also used commonly in a number of other circumstances. For instance, in a
mixed media environment, you usually see a separation between hosts using Ethernet and
hosts running on Token Ring.
● Performance can also be a reason for subdividing one network into two or more parts or
subnet.
● In networks, all hosts in the same broadcast domain will need to share the wire. This
means a lot of communication is going on, and collisions will rise, increasing latency.
● If you had an entire class C in one subnet, it would be a good idea to cut it into some
smaller chunks to make better use of available bandwidth and to enhance performance.

SUBNET MARKS

A routing prefix is the sequence of leading bits of an IP address that precede the portion of the
address used as host identifier. The routing prefix is often expressed as a "subnet mask", which is
a bit covering the number of bits used in the prefix. It is frequently expressed in quad-dotted
decimal representation. All hosts within a subnet can be reached in one hop which implying that
all hosts in a subnet are connected to the same link.

EXPLANATION

A subnet mask, also 32 bits, divides the IP address into network and host sections. This allows
the sending computer to determine whether routing will be required when communicating to
another system. If the computer determines that it is a local address, the packet is sent via
Ethernet (or another Layer 2 mechanism). If the address is not local, the packet is forwarded to
the default gateway for routing.

First, the IP address is converted to binary, and the network address of the system is determined.
The source IP and subnet mask are compared to get this. This is done so we can eventually
compare it to the destination network. If they match, the destination is local; otherwise, the
packet is forwarded along to a router.

CONCLUSION

Subnetting means planning before actually subnetting a network, it's good to do some planning.
How many host addresses will be needed, How much room will be needed for expansion, It's
easier to make room when first subnetting than it is to go back later and redesign a large network