Angel Khaille L.

Saguban

1. All of us cannot be famous, because all of us cannot be well known. - Hasty Generalization

A hasty generalization is a general statement without sufficient evidence to support it. A hasty
generalization is made out of a rush to have a conclusion, leading the arguer to commit some
sort of illicit assumption, stereotyping, unwarranted conclusion, overstatement, or
exaggeration. Hasty generalization may be the most common logical fallacy because there’s no
single agreed-upon measure for “sufficient” evidence. There’s no set rule for what constitutes
“enough” evidence. In this case, it might be possible to find reasonable comparison and prove
that claim is true or false. But in other cases, there’s no clear way to support the claim without
resorting to guesswork.

2. Sir, I, surely deserve a raise in pay. I can hardly manage to feed my children on what you have
been paying me. And my youngest child must have an operation if he is ever to walk without
crunches. - ​ad misericordiam ​(appeal to pity)

In offering an argument, pity is appealed to - which often appear as emotional manipulation.

Usually this happens when , the fallacy appeals to the compassion and emotional sensitivity of
others even when these factors are no strictly relevant to the argument. Like in this case, the
person argued for special treatment on the basis of their need.

3. To ignore the possibility that America was discovered by Africans because these explorers are
unknown is irresponsible and arrogant. If we are unaware of an event, does it mean it never
happened? - ​ad ignorantium ​(appeal to ignorance)

The truth of a claim is established only on the basis of lack of evidence against it. In the given
sample, it implies that i no one has proven the existence or non-existence thereof, then it must
not be true. However, if wedon’t know whether they exist, then we don’t know that they do
exist or that they don’t exist. Appeal to ignorance doesn’t prove any claim to knowledge. An
appeal to ignorance isn’t proof of anything except that you don’t know something.

4. As an academic, Professor Benedict J. Kerkvliet has given himself away as biased and
unscientific. It is pathetic to see Professor Kerkvliet, a non-filipino, deploring political and social
conditions in a foreign country like the Philippines when his own country calls for social and
moral regeneration. ​ad hominemI ​abusive (against the man)

An ad hominem abusive is the fallacy that that a person's belief has not been proved (or is
mistaken) because that person is somehow deficient as evidenced by some undesirable aspects
of that person's character, personality, morality, or competence.