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Chapter 5
Microbial Nutrition
Irma gusniani
21 February 2019
metabolism (me-tab′o-lizm) The total of all chemical reactions in the cell; almost
all are enzyme catalyzed.
The Common Nutrient Requirements
Growth Factors
Culture Media
Magnesium (Mg2+) serves as a cofactor for many enzymes, complexes with ATP,
and stabilizes ribosomes and cell membranes.
Iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) is a part of cytochromes and a cofactor for enzymes and
electron-carrying proteins.
enzyme (en′z_m) A protein catalyst with specificity for both the reaction
catalyzed and its substrates.
Photoheterotroph:
Purple nonsulfur bacteria (Rhodospirillum)
CO2 + 2CH3CHOHCH3 Light + bacteriochlorophyll (CH2O) + H2O +
2CH3COCH3
Properties of microbial photosynthetic systems
O2 production Yes No No
Electron donors H2O H2, H2S, S H2, H2S, S
Carbon source CO2 CO2 Organic / CO2
Primary products ATP + NADPH ATP ATP
of energy
conversion
Chemoautotroph:
To be effective, the medium must contain all the nutrients the microorganism
requires for growth.
Beef extract and yeast extract are aqueous extracts of lean beef and brewer’s
yeast, respectively.
Beef extract contains amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, organic acids,
vitamins, and minerals. Yeast extract is an excellent source of B vitamins as
well as nitrogen and carbon compounds.
Functional Types of Media
Media such as tryptic soy broth and tryptic soy agar are called
general purpose media or supportive media because they sustain the growth of
many microorganisms
Blood and other special nutrients may be added to general purpose media to
encourage the growth of fastidious microbes.
MacConkey agar is both differential and selective. Since it contains lactose and
neutral red dye, lactose-fermenting colonies appear pink to red in
color and are easily distinguished from colonies of nonfermenters.
ISOLATION OF PURE CULTURES
In natural habitats microorganisms usually grow in complex, mixed populations
with many species
One needs a pure culture, a population of cells arising from a single cell, to
characterize an individual species.
Pure cultures are so important that the development of pure culture techniques
by the German bacteriologist Robert Koch transformed microbiology.
Within about 20 years after the development of pure culture techniques most
pathogens responsible for the major human bacterial diseases had been isolated
There are several ways to prepare pure cultures; a few of the more common
approaches are reviewed here.
The Spread Plate and Streak Plate
PR
Pelajari dan Jawab pertanyaan Bab 5
Butir 5.3