Republic of the Philippines

Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and

Technology
College of Architecture and Fine Arts (CAFA)
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila

EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN:

FLOOD RESILIENCE USING CONCERETE
MATERIALS

SUBMITTED BY:
Diño, Glendale R.
Ayes, Jhon Bryan C.
Tayactac, Shelley Keir D.
Bargo, Jason A.
Borja, John Rick T.

SUBMITTED TO:
Ms. Wilma Jennica V. Osorio

DATE SUBMITTED:
August 8, 2018

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

I. Introduction 3
Topic 3
Purpose of Study 4
II. Statement of the Problem 5
Conceptual Framework 7
Significance of the result of the study 8
Scope and limitation of the study 9
III. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 10
IV. Summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations 20
Conclusion 25
Recommendation 28
V. Bibliography 29

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 I. INTRODUCTION

Flood resilient construction uses methods and materials that reduce the impact from

a flood, ensuring that structural integrity is maintained, and the drying out and cleaning

required, following inundation and before reoccupation, is minimized.

Concrete is inherently water resilient and entirely suitable in a construction

designed to be either waterproof, as required for water barriers, or water resilient. The

extent to which the structure keeps out water depends on the specification of the concrete

itself and its design details, corner junctions for example.

Resilience is defined as minimizing the impact that flood water has upon entry to a

building, seeking to avoid permanent damage or loss of structural integrity; maintain pre-

flood dimensions (e.g. timber swell) and improve the speed and convenience of drying and

cleaning to avoid rot or mould decay.

The notion ‘resilience’ refers to the ability of a system, community, society or

defense to react and recover quickly and easily from the damaging effect of realized

hazards. The maximum possible social and economic resilience against flooding can be

afforded by a sustainable flood management. Provided the aim to protect guarantees a

strategic, catchment based approach and is realized in a way, which is affordable both now

and in the future.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOOD RESILIENCE - an important design

consideration is the type of flooding that is likely to occur because this will affect how long

it could last. Groundwater flooding, caused when the ground becomes saturated and the

water table rises, can last for months; sea or river flooding can last days or weeks;

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infrastructure failure such as reservoir or canal floods can last hours or days. The likely

depth of flooding will also impact on design. Do you need to design and construct the house

to be flood resistant, flood resilient or both?

A flood resistant house is constructed so that water cannot get into the building and

cause damage. Flood resilience means constructing the house so that although water may

enter, the impact is lessened, structural integrity is maintained and drying and cleaning is

made easier.

THE PURPOSE OF FLOOD RESILIENCE - the purpose of this study is to provide

durable shelters and buildings to the community which can strongly resist unexpected

floods. Aside from that, since the Philippines are one of the top countries in the world at

risk of climate-related disasters, this study aims to be a sense of advance awareness and

also a solution during flooding.

THE REASON FOR CHOOSING FLOOD RESILIENCE - we chose this topic

because one of the major problems of our country is flood. Many generations had passed,

but until today our government cannot still find the right and proper solution to solve it.

Modern technologies were already present, but we still facing the same problem of the past

years.

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 II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Flood resilient construction uses methods and materials that reduce the impact from

a flood, ensuring that structural integrity is maintained, and drying out and cleaning

required, following inundation and before reoccupation, is minimized.

Protection: EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD RESILIENCE

USING CONCRETE MATERIALS

1. Wet Flood Proofing

2. Water Proofing

3. Building on Stilts

4. Manage the Water System

5. Waterproof coatings and coverings

Prevention: EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD

RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE MATERIALS

1. Prevent entry of water

2. Avoid permanent damage

3. Floating Buildings

4. Proper installation of pipes

5. Avoid coastal impacts of coastal flooding

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Problem Encountered: EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD

RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE MATERIALS

1. Water source contamination

2. Inhibited access

3. Additional cost

4. Significant clean up

5. Compensated by other measures

Benefits: EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD RESILIENCE

USING CONCRETE MATERIALS

1. Water-compatible development

2. Refurbishment of buildings

3. Concrete is inherently water resilient

4. Reduce the consequences of flooding

5. Minimize damage to property

Uses: EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD RESILIENCE

USING CONCRETE MATERIALS

1. Residential buildings

2. Commercial Buildings

3. Industrial Buildings

4. Electricity substations
5. Sewage treatment works
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 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Protection of -Majority of all the colleges we survey
FLOOD FLOOD -The highest percentage among all the
RESILIENCE RESILIENCE number is 58.57 %
USING CONCRETE USING CONCRETE
2. Prevention of MATERIALS -Majority of all the colleges we survey
FLOOD Descriptive method -The highest percentage among all the
RESILIENCE using Survey number is 47.14 %
USING CONCRETE Questionnaires,
3. Problem interview and -Majority of all the colleges we survey
encountered of internet in research -The highest percentage among all the
FLOOD number is 52.85 %
RESILIENCE
USING CONCRETE
4. Benefits of -Majority of all the colleges we survey
FLOOD -The highest percentage among all the
RESILIENCE number is 58.57 %
USING CONCRETE
5. Uses of FLOOD -Majority of all the colleges we survey
RESILIENCE -The highest percentage among all the
USING CONCRETE number is 72.85 %

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 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULT OF THE STUDY

Beneficiaries:
1. Faculty
It could be a new source of information and knowledge to the faculty members. It

would be a reference for them during lectures and for their other studies.

2. Students
It would serve as a guide and reference to them for their projects and assignments
in school.
3. Researchers
It would contribute more data and information to their research.
4. Parents
The parents would be properly informed of the so-called “flood resilience,” and
what it is all about.
5. Administration
They could use it as a new strategy in coping up with an alternative solution for the
continuous flooding.
6. Community
They would be aware about how “flood resilience,” works and functions in the

whole community.

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 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is conducted to determine The Effects of Water Element in Design:

Flood Resilience using Concrete Materials among residences of Metro Manila.

Our respondents are from the Department of Architecture, Civil Engineering,

Electrical Engineering and College of industrial Technology who are 2nd year to 5th year

students. At EARIST, Main Campus during first semester year 2017.

Courses Research Population Sample group

BS. Architecture

& Fine arts 35 23

BS. Civil

Engineering 25 19

BS. Electrical

Engineering 20 19

College of

Industrial & 20 9

Technology

Total Population 100 70

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 III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This data shows the frequency and percentage and the number of respondents who has

any idea about Effects of Water Elements in Design (Flood Resilience).

Table no. 1
PROTECTION Strongly Slightly AGREE Slightly Disagree
Agree Agree Disagree
F % F % F % F % F %
Wet flood
proofing 41 58.5 23 32.8 6 8.57 0 0 0 0
7% 5% %
Water proofing 34 48.5 35 50 1
7% % 1.42 0 0 0 0
%
Building on 35 50% 25 35.7 10 14.2 0 0 0 0
stilts 1% 8%
Manage the 31 44.2 29 41.4 9 12.8 1 1.42 0 0
water system 8% 2% 5% %
Waterproof 41 58.5 22 31.4 7 10% 0 0 0 0
coatings and 7% 2%
covering

In the Wet flood proofing the highest percentage is 58.57% which are the one who

strongly agree while the 32.85% are the one who slightly agree. The next one is 8.57%

which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that many students

agree that we must use wet flood proofing for protection of our houses.

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 In Water proofing the highest percentage is 50% which are the one who strongly

agree while the 48.57% are the one who slightly agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the

lowest percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that many students agree that

using water proofing can make our houses resilience to flood.

In the Building on stilts the highest percentage is 50% which are the one who

strongly agree while the 35.71% are the one who slightly agree. The next one is 14.28%

which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that many students

agree that using building on stilts can protect our houses against flood.

In the Manage the water system the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the one

who strongly agree while the 41.42% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,

which is 12.85% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest

percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that many students agree that if we

manage the water system it can make our place flood free.

In Waterproof coatings and coverings, the highest percentage is 58.57% which are

the one who strongly agree while the 31.42% are the one who slightly agree. The next one

is 10% which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that many

students agree that using waterproof coatings and coverings can make our houses resilience

to flood.

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Table no. 2

PREVENTION Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagre

Agree Agree Disagree e
F % F % F % F % F %
Prevent entry 30 42.8 30 42. 8 11.4 1 1.42 1 1.4
of water 5% 85 2% % 2%
%
Avoid 31 44.2 30 42. 8 11.4 1 1.42 0 0
permanent 8% 85 2% %
damage %
Floating 29 41.4 26 37. 14 20% 0 0 1 1.4
buildings 2% 14 2%
%

Proper 30 42.8 28 40 11 15.7 0 0 0 0

installation of 5% % 1%
pipes
Avoid coastal 33 47.1 26 37. 10 14.2 0 0 1 1.4
impacts of 4% 14 8% 2%
coastal %
flooding

In the Prevent entry of water the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the one

who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,

which is 11.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is slightly disagree

and 1.42% are the one who disagree and it is also the lowest percentage. It means that many

students agree that we must prevent the entry of water so that it will not flood our places.

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 In the Avoid permanent damage the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the

one who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other

hand, which is 11.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest

percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that many students agree that in

accordance to prevention we must avoid any permanent damage to our buildings or houses.

In the Floating buildings the highest percentage is 41.42% which are the one who

strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which

is 20% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest percentage and

no one answers slightly disagree. It means that many students agree that we must use new

innovation for our buildings like Floating buildings to withstand the natural calamities.

In the Proper installation of pipes the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the

one who strongly agree while the 40% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,

which is 15.17% are the one who agree and no one answer slightly disagree and disagree.

It means that many students agree that we must properly install our pipes so that the water

can move freely within it and it will not have stuck that may lead to flooding’s.

In the Avoid coastal impacts of coastal flooding the highest percentage is 47.14%

which are the one who strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree. On

the other hand, which is 14.28% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the

lowest percentage and no one answers slightly disagree. It means that many students agree

that in accordance to prevention we must avoid coastal impacts because of coastal flooding.

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Table no. 3

PROBLEM Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagre

ENCOUNTE Agree Agree Disagree e
RED F % F % F % F % F %
Water source 31 44.2 26 37. 13 18.5 0 0 0 0
contamination 8% 14 7%
%

Inhibited 24 34.2 30 42. 9 12.8 7 10 % 0 0

access 8% 85 5%
%

Additional 27 38.5 25 35. 15 21.4 3 4.28 0 0

cost 7% 71 2% %
%
Significant 37 52.8 23 32. 10 14.2 0 0 0 0
clean up 5% 85 8%
%

Compensated 32 45.7 24 34. 12 17.1 0 0 2 2.8

by other 1% 28 4% 5%
measures %
In the Water source contamination, the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the

one who strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree. On the other

hand, which is 18.57% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree and

disagree. It means that many students agree that most problem we encountered when it

flood is that our water source became contaminated.

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 In the Inhibited access the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the one who

slightly agree while the 34.28% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand, which

is 12.85% are the one who agree. The next one is 10% which is the lowest percentage and

no one answers disagree. It means that some students agree that one of the problem that we

encountered in flooding is because of inhibited access.

In the additional cost the highest percentage is 38.57% which are the one who

strongly agree while the 35.71% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which

is 21.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 4.28% which is the lowest percentage

and no one answers disagree. It means that some students agree that one of the problem

that we encountered in flooding is because of additional cost.

In the Significant clean up, the highest percentage is 52.85% which are the one who

strongly agree while the 32.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which

is 14.28% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree and disagree. It

means that many students agree that the most problem we encountered when it flood is that

there is no significant clean up in our cities.

In the Compensated by other measures, the highest percentage is 45.71% which are

the one who strongly agree while the 34.28% are the one who slightly agree. On the other

hand, which is 17.14% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree but

the lowest percentage is 2.85%. It means that many students agree that one of the problem

that we encountered when it flood is that it is compensated by other measures.

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Table no.4
BENEFITS Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Agree Agree Disagree
F % F % F % F % F %
Water- 31 44.28 30 42.85 9 12.85 0 0 0 0
compatible % % %
development

Refurbish- 29 41.42 31 44.28 9 12.85 0 0 1 1.42

ment of % % % %
buildings

Concrete is 29 41.42 30 42.85 9 12.85 0 0 2 2.85

inherently % % % %
water
resilient
Reduce the 37 52.85 25 35.71 7 10% 0 0 1 1.42
consequences % %
of flooding
Minimize 41 58.57 18 25.71 11 15.71 0 0 0 0
damage to % % %
property

In the Water-compatible development the highest percentage is 44.28% which are

the one who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. The next one

is 12.85% which is agree and no one answers slightly disagree and disagree. It means that

many students agree that many people will benefit if we must implement a water-

compatible development in our society so that people will not be distressed by flooding.

In the Refurbishment of buildings, the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the

one who strongly agree while the 41.42% are the one who slightly agree. On the other

hand, which is 12.85% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree but

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the lowest percentage is 1.42%. It means that many students agree that we must refurbish

our buildings so that many people will benefit from it.

In the Concrete is inherently water resilient, the highest percentage is 44.28% which

are the one who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the

other hand, which is 12.85% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree

but the lowest percentage is 2.85%. It means that many students agree that we must use

concrete because it is inherently water resilient and many people will benefit from it.

In the Reduce the consequences of flooding, the highest percentage is 52.85%

which are the one who strongly agree while the 35.71% are the one who slightly agree. On

the other hand, which is 10% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree

but the lowest percentage is 2.85%. It means that many students agree that if we reduce the

consequences of flooding many people may be convenient with it.

In the Minimize damage to property the highest percentage is 58.57% which are

the one who strongly agree while the 25.71% are the one who slightly agree. The next one

is 15.71% which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that some

students agree that we must minimize the damage to property if we use innovative materials

to withstand natural calamities such as floods so that it can bring comfort to many people.

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Table no. 5

Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree

USES Agree Agree Disagree
F % F % F % F % F %
Residential
building 51 72.85 15 21.42 3 4.28 1 1.42 0 0
% % % %
Commercial
building 31 44.28 28 40% 7 10% 4 5.71 0 0
% %
Industrial
building 37 52.85 23 32.85 9 12.85 0 0 1 1.42
% % % %
Electricity
substations 31 44.28 27 38.57 12 17.14 0 0 0 0
% % %
Sewage
treatment 33 47.14 21 30% 15 21.42 1 1.42 0 0
works % % %
In the Residential buildings the highest percentage is 72.85% which are the one

who slightly agree while the 21.42% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand,

which is 4.28% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest

percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that most students agree that the

residential buildings mainly use flood protection.

In the Commercial buildings the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the one

who slightly agree while the 40% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand, which

is 10% are the one who agree. The next one is 5.71% which is the lowest percentage and

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no one answers disagree. It means that most students agree that some commercial buildings

use flood protection.

In the Industrial buildings, the highest percentage is 52.85% which are the one who

strongly agree while the 32.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which

is 12.85% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree but the lowest

percentage is 1.42%. It means that many students agree that most industrial buildings use

flood control so that it will not affect their establishment.

In the Electricity substations the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the one

who slightly agree while the 38.57% are the one who strongly agree. The next one is

17.14% which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree. It means that most

students agree that many of the electricity substation uses flood resilient structure.

In the Sewage treatment works the highest percentage is 47.14% which are the one

who slightly agree while the 30% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand, which

is 21.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest percentage

and no one answers disagree. It means that most students agree that Sewage treatment

works uses concrete for flood resilient so that it can endure massive flooding.

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 VI. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The objective of this thesis is to determine the opinions and knowledge of the students

of EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY from different colleges about flood resilience which could possibly

contribute to the researchers’ data and needed information. In addition to that, it could also

serve as a basis for the other contents of the thesis. In this way, the researchers would be

able to see the ideas of other students which they think were much related to their course

and who they believe could help them in making the entire research.

By means of using determined survey questionnaires, the researchers gathered some

data and information from the students of various colleges of EULOGIO “AMANG”

RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

The data were quantified using percentage which is composed of twenty-three BS.

Architecture, nineteen BS. Civil Engineering, nineteen BS. Electrical Engineering and nine

from the College of Industrial Technology.

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Question no. 1 (PROTECTION OF EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN:

FLOOD RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE MATERIALS)

In the Water source contamination, the highest percentage is 44.28% which are
the one who strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree. On the other
hand, which is 18.57% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree and
disagree.
In the Inhibited access the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the one who
slightly agree while the 34.28% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand, which
is 12.85% are the one who agree. The next one is 10% which is the lowest percentage and
no one answers disagree.
In the additional cost the highest percentage is 38.57% which are the one who
strongly agree while the 35.71% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which
is 21.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 4.28% which is the lowest percentage
and no one answers disagree.
In the Significant clean up, the highest percentage is 52.85% which are the one
who strongly agree while the 32.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,
which is 14.28% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree and
disagree.
In the Compensated by other measures, the highest percentage is 45.71% which
are the one who strongly agree while the 34.28% are the one who slightly agree. On the
other hand, which is 17.14% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree
but the lowest percentage is 2.85%.

Question no. 2 (PREVENTION OF EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN:

FLOOD RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE MATERIALS)

In the Prevent entry of water the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the one
who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,
which is 11.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is slightly disagree
and 1.42% are the one who disagree and it is also the lowest percentage.
In the Avoid permanent damage the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the
one who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other
hand, which is 11.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest
percentage and no one answers disagree.
In the Floating buildings the highest percentage is 41.42% which are the one who
strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which
is 20% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest percentage and
no one answers slightly disagree.
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 In the Proper installation of pipes the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the
one who strongly agree while the 40% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,
which is 15.17% are the one who agree and no one answer slightly disagree and disagree.
In the Avoid coastal impacts of coastal flooding the highest percentage is 47.14%
which are the one who strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree.
On the other hand, which is 14.28% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which
is the lowest percentage and no one answers slightly disagree.

Question no. 3 (PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED OF EFFECTS OF WATER

ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE

MATERIALS)

In the Water source contamination, the highest percentage is 44.28% which are
the one who strongly agree while the 37.14% are the one who slightly agree. On the other
hand, which is 18.57% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree and
disagree.
In the Inhibited access the highest percentage is 42.85% which are the one who
slightly agree while the 34.28% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand, which
is 12.85% are the one who agree. The next one is 10% which is the lowest percentage and
no one answers disagree.
In the additional cost the highest percentage is 38.57% which are the one who
strongly agree while the 35.71% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand, which
is 21.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 4.28% which is the lowest percentage
and no one answers disagree.
In the Significant clean up, the highest percentage is 52.85% which are the one
who strongly agree while the 32.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,
which is 14.28% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree and
disagree.
In the Compensated by other measures, the highest percentage is 45.71% which
are the one who strongly agree while the 34.28% are the one who slightly agree. On the
other hand, which is 17.14% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree
but the lowest percentage is 2.85%.

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Question no. 4 (BENEFITS OF EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN:

FLOOD RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE MATERIALS)

In the Water-compatible development the highest percentage is 44.28% which are

the one who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree. The next
one is 12.85% which is agree and no one answers slightly disagree and disagree.
In the Refurbishment of buildings, the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the
one who strongly agree while the 41.42% are the one who slightly agree. On the other
hand, which is 12.85% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree but
the lowest percentage is 1.42%.
In the Concrete is inherently water resilient, the highest percentage is 44.28%
which are the one who strongly agree while the 42.85% are the one who slightly agree.
On the other hand, which is 12.85% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly
disagree but the lowest percentage is 2.85%.
In the Reduce the consequences of flooding, the highest percentage is 52.85%
which are the one who strongly agree while the 35.71% are the one who slightly agree.
On the other hand, which is 10% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly
disagree but the lowest percentage is 2.85%.
In the Minimize damage to property the highest percentage is 58.57% which are
the one who strongly agree while the 25.71% are the one who slightly agree. The next
one is 15.71% which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree.

Question no. 5 (USES OF EFFECTS OF WATER ELEMENT IN DESIGN: FLOOD

RESILIENCE USING CONCRETE MATERIALS)

In the Residential buildings the highest percentage is 72.85% which are the one
who slightly agree while the 21.42% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand,
which is 4.28% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest
percentage and no one answers disagree.
In the Commercial buildings the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the one
who slightly agree while the 40% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand,
which is 10% are the one who agree. The next one is 5.71% which is the lowest
percentage and no one answers disagree.
In the Industrial buildings, the highest percentage is 52.85% which are the one
who strongly agree while the 32.85% are the one who slightly agree. On the other hand,
which is 12.85% are the one who agree and no one answered slightly disagree but the
lowest percentage is 1.42%.
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 In the Electricity substations the highest percentage is 44.28% which are the one
who slightly agree while the 38.57% are the one who strongly agree. The next one is
17.14% which is the lowest percentage and no one answers disagree.
In the Sewage treatment works the highest percentage is 47.14% which are the
one who slightly agree while the 30% are the one who strongly agree. On the other hand,
which is 21.42% are the one who agree. The next one is 1.42% which is the lowest
percentage and no one answers disagree.

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 CONCLUSION

In generalization, the researchers gathered data and information from the students

of various colleges of EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY. The data were quantified using percentage which is composed of

twenty-three BS. Architecture, nineteen BS. Civil Engineering, nineteen BS. Electrical

Engineering and nine from the College of Industrial Technology. These informations are

one of their strong basis about the main highlights of the research.

Based on the summary of findings, the researchers were able to know the result and

finally formulated a conclusion.

1. Protection of Effects of Water Element in Design: Flood Resilience Using Concrete

Materials

Therefore, we conclude that majority of our respondents chose wet flood proofing

in the protection with the highest percentage of strongly agree which is 64.28%. It followed

by waterproof coatings and coverings which obtained 58.57% of strongly agree. The third

of their best option were water proofing and building on stilts which gained the same

percentage of 50%. While their last option was managing the water system that has a total

of 47.14%. It means that almost all of our respondents have selected one of the best options

in our survey.

2. Prevention of Effects of Water Element in Design: Flood Resilience Using Concrete

Materials

Therefore, we conclude that majority of our respondents chose prevent entry of

water and proper installation of pipes as the main option in prevention which obtained the

same number of percentage that is 54.28%. It followed by avoid permanent damage which

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obtained 50%. The third best option was avoiding coastal impacts of coastal flooding which

is 47.14%. The last option they selected was floating buildings which gained 41.42%. This

means that our respondents might not be certain of floating buildings as a prevention in

flooding. The main reason we concluded was because our country still lacking in new

technologies.

3. Problem Encountered of Effects of Water Element in Design: Flood Resilience Using

Concrete Materials

Therefore, we conclude that majority of our respondents chose inhibited access and

significant clean up as a main problem which gained the same number of percentage that

is 52.85%. It followed by water source contamination which obtained 52.42%. The third

main problem was compensated by other measures which has 45.71% in total. And the last

problem they have selected was additional cost which gained 42.85%. This means that our

respondents thought that building flood resilience don’t have much additional cost because

many of them chose inhibited access and significant clean up as the main problem. In this

result, they have just an idea that although we build a flood resilience building, the past

problems might still be present like inhibiting access and wider clean up. They have just

seen the real situation.

4. Benefits of Effects of Water Element in Design: Flood Resilience Using Concrete

Materials

Therefore, we conclude that majority of our respondents chose minimize damage

to property as the main benefits which obtained 58.57% in total. It followed by reduce the

consequences of flooding which gained 52.85%. The third benefit was water-compatible

development which has 51.42% total number of percentage. The next was refurbishment

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of buildings which gained 44.28%. And the last option was concrete is inherently water

resilient which has the result of 42.85%. This means that our respondents was certain about

the solution of building flood resilience since they selected minimize damage to property

as the main benefits.

5. Uses of Effects of Water Element in Design: Flood Resilience Using Concrete

Materials

Therefore, we conclude that majority of our respondents chose residential buildings

as the main uses of flood resilience which obtained 81.42% in total. It followed by

industrial buildings which gained 52.85%. The third best option was commercial buildings

which has the total number of 48.57%. The next was sewage treatment works which gained

47.14%. And the last option was electricity substations which has the result of 44.28%. It

means that our respondents had chosen the best option which is the residential buildings.

Because flood resilience is very popular in residential areas or the so-called flood resilient

house specifically.

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 RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings and formulated conclusion, the researchers would like to

recommend some suggestions from problem encountered to students and individuals that

might need this research in the future.

1. For the water source contamination, the researchers would like to recommend that it

should observe proper cleaning of drainage to avoid stagnant flow of water during flooding.

2. For inhibited access, the researchers would like to recommend that it should observe

cleanliness and proper waste disposal within the certain areas to avoid poor access during

flooding, because of the large volume amount of garbage around the community and also

in our drainage system.

3. For additional cost, the researchers would like to recommend that it should provide

affordable materials to be used, but has good quality to lessen the expenses. And always

check if the material is still in good condition to be aware easily if there is a need of

installing new materials in the certain building.

4. For significant clean up, the researchers would like to recommend that it should always

be aware and ready about the unexpected increasing volume of floods to avoid too much

clean up within the certain areas.

5. For compensated by other measures, the researchers would like to recommend that it

should also consider the surroundings about the certain building to avoid being

compensated by other matter. In this way, it would lessen their expenses, too.

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 VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gasston, P., (February 25, 2014) Living with water: four buildings that will
withstand flooding. Retrieved August 7, 2018 from
http://theconversation.com/living-with-water-four-buildings-that-will-
withstand-flooding-23536

Dy, P., & Alcayna, T., (September 14, 2016) Resilience and Disaster Trends in the
Philippines: Opportunities for National and Local Capacity Building.
Retrieved August 7, 2018 from
http://currents.plos.org/disasters/article/resilience-and-disaster-trends-in-the-
philippines-opportunities-for-national-and-local-capacity-building/

Hunter, K., (April 28, 2015) Future–proofing New and Existing Buildings Flood Resilient
Design and Construction Techniques. Retrieved from August 7, 2018 from
https://www.climatenorthernireland.org/cmsfiles/3-Katy-Hunter---Flood-
resilient-design.pdf

Clemens, M., (September 7-12, 2014) Effective Stakeholder Analysis for Urban Flood
Resilience in Vietnam Using Design Proposition. Retrieved August 7, 2018 from
https://www.academia.edu/8681331/Effective_Stakeholder_Analysis_for_Urban
_Flood_Resilience_in_Vietnam_Using_Design_Proposition?auto=download

Wainwright, O., (February 2, 2016) 'Like a shimmering sea creature': Britain's first
amphibious homes. Retrieved August 7, 2018 from
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/feb/02/baca-architects-
pioneers-of-amphibious-housebuilding-flood-defences

Boxelaere, H. V., (February 3, 2017) Move on: research-through-drawing for flood

resilience at the Galveston coast, TX. Retrieved from August 7, 2018 from
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resilience-at-the-galveston-coast-tx/

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