National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences

Karachi Campus

Project Proposal
Digital Logic Design
Section: D

Water Level Indicator

Group Members:
19K-1426 Abdur Rafey
19K-1353 Ahmed Ali
19K-0217 Hamza Najmi
Introduction:
The water level indicator is defined as a system which gets the information about the water
level in reservoirs or in tanks which is used in homes or factories. By using the water level
indicator we can overcome the overflow of water and wastage of energy from the tanks.

Objective:
As we all know that humans are trying to make their life easy. Nowadays, all the
householders/owners are storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the
water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know
when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank; thus, there is a
wastage of energy and water. Therefore, we are making this design which is simple and cost
effective and will work effectively for overhead water tanks, swimming pool boilers, factories,
chemical plants, and electrical substations and also in other liquid storage systems.

Composition:
Components Required:
 BC548 transistors-Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4.
 Resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 – 2.2 kohms.
 R5, R6 ,R7 – 100 ohm
 Led – Red(LED3) , Green(LED1) , Yellow(LED2)
 Metal Contacts – M1, M2, M3, M4.

Description:
on the following page is the circuit diagram of a simple corrosion free water level indicator for
home and industries. In fact, the level of any conductive non-corrosive liquids can be measured
using this circuit. The circuit is based on 5 transistor switches. Each transistor is switched on to
drive the corresponding LED when its base is supplied with current through the water through
the electrode probes.
Water Level Indicator Circuit Diagram and Sensor Arrangement:

Working:
 The circuit is designed to indicate three levels of water stored in the tank: low but not
empty, half and full but not overflowing.
 When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an indication that the tank is
completely empty.
 When water level increases and reaches M2, the contacts M1 and M2 get shorted as
water acts as a conducting medium between M1 and M2.
 This will turn on the transistor Q1 and the Green LED starts to glow. As the water level
continues to rise and reaches half the tank, M3 will come into contact with water and
receives a small voltage from M1.
 As a result, Q2 is turned on and Yellow LED will glow. When the water in the tank rises
to full tank, M4 is also shorted with M1 and both Q3 and Q4 will turn on.
 The Red LED glows and also an alarm is made by the buzzer as an indication that the
tank is full and the water pump or motor can be turned off.
Applications:
 The water level indicator is used in hotels, home apartments, commercial complex, and
in factories.
 The pumps used in the water level indicator are single phase motor, submersible motor,
and in three phase motor.
 Automatically the pump can switch ON/OFF when the water level in the tank is empty
and full.
 We can also measure the fuel level in motor vehicles.
 The liquid level containers are huge in the companies.

Resources:
https://www.electronicshub.org/water-level-alarm-using-555-
timer/#Water_Level_Indicator_Using_Simple_Transistors
https://www.watelectronics.com/simple-water-level-alarm-circuit/
https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/water-level-indicator-price.html
https://youtu.be/uthje5vb4bM