LITERATURE REVIEW

LOCAL LITERATURE

Manual Lawn Mower

Rizal High School manual lawn mower, the school is using a manual lawn mower
which can consume time within 2-4 hours in the field depending on the wide of the
field. The school's lawn mower is heavy to drive across the field, which is why the
gardener and maintenance staff expend the effort and energy that can make them
exhausted. Often, the lawn mower depends on the use of unleaded gas to power the
lawn mower. And it's difficult to buy over and over again, because the price of gas is
almost forty to fifty pesos.

Android Controlled Lawn Mower Using Bluetooth and WIFI Connection

According to Noli Mark Paalala (2019) Bluetooth's maximum distance is 58 meters or
190 feet. The WIFI connection's maximum distance is up to 152 meters or 500 feet.
The mowed grass area is 30 meters by 20 meters in continuous use of the tool for up
to two hours. The project passed the evaluation of the project and determined the
project's quality. It was assessed using the parameters by 20 evaluators: flexibility,
performance, accessibility, quality, portability and sustainability. Bluetooth's
maximum distance is 58 meters or 190 feet. The WIFI connection's maximum distan
ce is up to 152 meters or 500 feet. The mowed grass area is 30 meters by 20 meters in
continuous use of the tool for up to two hours. The project passed the evaluation of
the project and determined the project's quality. It was assessed using the parameters
by 20 evaluators: flexibility, performance, accessibility, quality, portability and
sustainability.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Development and Evaluation of a Remote Controlled Electric Lawn Mower

According to Diego A. Aponte Roa (2019) This work focuses on developing a fully
autonomous lawn mower that people with limited mobility can use. The lawn mower
can be set autonomously to cover a predefined area or manually operated via a
radiocontrol (RC) transmitter that allows the user to control the lawn mower remotely
in any direction, to turn the mower motor at the desired speed and to change the grass
cutting height. The user can also define the area to be mowed in autonomous mode
and program the grid pattern to be followed by the lawn mower. Once the prototype
was completed, the lawn mower was tested on the field to verify the autonomous
mission plan's overall functionality and accuracy and to determine the overall battery
life. The full-functional model results show a good autonomous operation.
Design and implementation of autonomous Lawn-Mower Robot controller
According to Muhammad wasif (2011) The purpose of this paper is to design and
implement a Lawn Mower Robot controller based on behaviour, which can be used to
autonomously mow grass from lawns and play grounds. The controller uses
"sense-act" approach to work in complex, unstructured, and uncertain environments
without relying on data from around the world. The controller is implemented using
the architecture of the Motor Schema, which uses continuous response encoding and
cooperative method of coordination of behaviour. To perform mowing operation, a set
of concurrent behaviors are defined. Sonar scope is used to locate obstacles and to
avoid them. Coordinated shaft and visual odometry are used for regional navigation,
while GPS is used for global positioning. The camera is used to identify the field of
grass and optocouple detectors are used to distinguish between mown and unmown
grass.

High-performance lawn-mower prototype with re-used Lithium Iron Phosphate

battery
According to Weiss, K. Schopf (2014) There are already on the market small
lawn-mowers powered by low-energy lithium batteries. However, while propulsion is
to be done manually, battery power only the grass cutting blades. Standard
lawn-mowers are self-propelled using noisy combustion engines or single-phase
induction machines supplied with 230 V AC. In a prototype project, a self-propelled
battery-powered lawn-mower is developed and assembled. Lithium Ion batteries are
the optimal choice from the technical side for mobile power. The general high cost of
such an off-grid mobile supply of energy leads to the reuse of cells. For this purpose,
an application-adapted battery management system will be implemented. We insert a
commercial 12 V DC= > 230 V AC inverter because the 230 V AC drive is the
original grid-powered drive. Some additional circuits are included in order to start the
induction machine.

Design and realization of visual wireless autonomous lawn mower based on

machine vision
According to Hengtao Liu (2014) A visual, mobile, autonomous mower system that
machine vision is designed to solve the conventional smart mower problem, which
can not cover the lawn area and function complexly. First, dynamically collect the
locale picture data from the real-time camera on the high bracket and show it on the
PC monitor, then draw a few mower-by-mouse mowing patterns in the host computer
software. Second, the data is analyzed by the host computer software. Finally,
transmit the action signal to the lawn mower actions needed to complete the mowing
task. The experimental results show a high level of automation from the proposed
lawn mower system, which is designed to automatically avoid obstacles and
completely cover the target lawn area.

Intelligent auto-saving energy robotic lawn mower

According to Guo-Shing Huang (2010) There are two types of electric and gasoline
energy sources as the market appetite has been made to suit a specific purpose in
many different designs. Large expanses of grass are designed for lawn mower
products. An automated smart mowing system has been developed with advancement.
Many automated lawn mowers are now available for safer and more comfortable. It's
an alternative to the work that the smart mowing technique is all to set up a perimeter
around the lawn.Wherever the machine moves the lawn, that can handle it and
completely replace the manual mower.

With the pose sensor TCM2 and some ultrasonic sensors to solve navigation guidance
techniques, this paper, the intelligent self-saving energy robotic lawn mower, was
developed by DMA-2450 platform for ARM9 system. When using the compass to
ensure the location of interference with a small magnetic field, the key to compass
accuracy and guidance and control is to be ensured. This is a microcomputer
processor type of ultrasound that can change direction automatically when it meets
any obstacles to achieving barrier-avoiding capabilities. The energy-saving program
and light circuit breaker will save power and calculate the traction drive to control the
function of DC motors and make it more efficient for the mower route.

Efficient Visual Obstacle Avoidance for Robotic Mower

According to Yao Guo (2017) We present a novel approach for the lawn obstacle
avoidance of robotic mower as well as movement control based on the classification
of Gabor texture and drivable area search methods. Gabor filters are then applied to
remove robust texture features in our approach to obtain real-time picture streams of
lawn scenes. A SVM model is trained on the basis of the compressed features and is
used to perform the task of classifying the grass texture. Based on the classification
results, the total linked drivable area is determined using a breadth-first search system
(BFS). In a polygon window area, by restricting the BFS method,Compared to
searching the entire image, we speed up the area search stage by 64 percent. For
expansion purposes, the entire program is built on the Robot Operating System (ROS).
In complex scenes, including various obstacles, seasons and lighting conditions,
experiments were performed on the robotic mower. The obstacle avoidance rate
measured is 97.7 percent in an area of 75 m*40 m, which shows our proposed
method's efficiency and supremacy.

Visual Segmentation of Lawn Grass for a Mobile Robotic Lawnmower

According to Alexander Schepelmann (2010) We investigate the presence of
computationally cheap first and second order statistics that characterize grass in an
autonomous lawnmower uniquely for use.We then segment images to determine
positions of drivable terrain in an image based on these statistics. Tight statistical
clustering of illuminated grass versus artificial texture indicates that this approach is
enough for an autonomous lawnmower to classify driving terrain.
 SYNTHESIS

Development and Solar Powered Electric SIMILARITIES

Evaluation of a Remote Grass Cutter with mobile
Controlled Electric Lawn application
Mower

Uses gas to start the device Uses Solar Panel and Both used for cutting grass
Battery
Can be used manually Used automatically only can be used Automatically

Uses radiocontrol Uses bluetooth module connected in or controlled

Transmitter (RC) through Mobile devices.

Can be refilled with gas Battery can be charged

Design and Solar Powered Electric SIMILARITIES

implementation of Grass Cutter with mobile
autonomous Lawn-Mower application
Robot controller

Uses Sonar sensor Uses moisture Sensor Both is used to cut grass

Has Camera Area is programmed Both uses global

positioning system (GPS)
and can be used
automatically

Rizal High’s Manual Lawn Solar Powered Electric SIMILARITIES

Mower Grass Cutter with mobile
application
Used Manually Used Automatically Both used to cut grass
Uses Gas Using Battery and Solar Both are used to move the
panel mower across the field
Manually monitored Monitored using Mobile both cannot be used if the
device grass is wet.
Design and realization of Solar Powered Electric SIMILARITIES
visual wireless Grass Cutter with mobile
autonomous lawn mower application
based on machine vision

Uses camera to draw the Uses Gps or sensor for the Both is used to cut the
pattern for the mower mowers pattern grass
Uses gas Uses Battery and solar both uses a device to be
Panel controlled
Uses computer for Uses Mobile device for and both can be used
monitoring monitoring automatically
Data is analyze by the host Uses Sensors to avoid Both cannot cut the grass
computer to transmit obstacles if it is wet.
action and avoid obstacle