VIGNANA BHARATHIINSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY

VIDYA NAGAR , PALLAVOLU , PRODDUTOR, KADAPA(DIST),

ANDHRAPRADESH - 516360

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SEMINAR REPORT ON "FANS AND BLOWERS"

SUBMITTED BY
NAME : K.HANUMANTHU
ROLL NO : 179K5A0312
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

signature of student signature of coordinator signature of HOD

 CONTEXT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF FANS AND BLOWERS
BLOWER
FUNCTIONS OF FANS IN POWER PLANT
TYPES OF POWER PLANTS
 ABSTRACT

The Engineering and application aspects of centrifugal blowers, ie, high

pressure, low volume air delivery, and axial fans, low pressure, high volume
air delivery are presented.

The types of centrifugal blowers and their uses, typical installation practice,
noise, and performance is discussed. Performance curves are defined.
 INTRODUTION
 Fans and blowers provide air for ventilation and industrial process
requirements.
 Fans generate a pressure to move air or gas against a resistance caused by
ducts, dampers, or other components in a fan system.
 Large capacity fan units typically consists of a bladed rotating impeller
enclosed in a stationary casing.
 The rotor system causes the motion of the air/gas and the causing directs
the air flow.
 The fan rotor receives energy from a rotating shaft and transmits it to the
air.
 TYPES OF FANS AND BLOWERS
 Depending on types of fans are categorized as,
1) Centrifugal Flow Fan
Airflow changes direction twice – once when entering and second
when leaving.
2) Axial Flow Fan
Air enters and leaves the fan with no change in direction.
 Major blower types are,
1) Centrifugal Blower
Similar to centrifugal fan but can achieve high pressure.
2) Positive Displacement Bower
Provides constant volume of air.
A. Centrifugal Fans
 Rotating impeller increases air velocity.
 Air speed is converted to pressure.
 This fans produces high pressure which
Ranges from 550 mm WC to 1400 mm WC.
 Efficiency various from 60-83%.
 Used for dirty air stream condition
And material handling application.
It categorized by blade shapes, fig: Centrifugal fan
1.Radial 2.Forward curved 3.backward curved
1.Radial Blade Fan
Characteristic:
 Usually contain 6 to 16 impeller blades.
 High static pressures up to 1400 mm WC.
 Low/medium airflow rates only.
 Efficiency ranges from 69%-75%.
 Simple in design.
fig: Radial Blade Fan
Application:

 Suitable for handing heavy contaminated

Airstream like dust laden, saw dust etc.
 These are widely used in corrosive and high
temperature environments.
2.Forward curved Bladed Fan
Characteristic:
 Usually contain 24 to 64 impeller blades.
 Produces low pressure up to 5 in-WH
 Large airflow rates against relatively
Low static pressure. fig: Forwardcurved Bladed Fan
 Efficiency ranges from 60%-65.
 Lighter in construction and less expensive.

Application:
 Suitable for clean air environment as,
Blades easily accumulated dirt.
 Not constructed for high pressures.
3.Backward Curved Blade Fan
Characteristic:
 Usually contain 6 to 16 impeller blades.
 Produces high pressure flow rates.
 More efficient than forward curved blade
 Efficiency ranges from 79%-83%.
 Efficiency ranges from 79%-83%. fig: Backward Curved Blade Fan

Appication:
 Only recommended for clean air stream containing no condensable fumes
or vapours
 A common application is forced – draft
 B.Axial Fans
 Air is pressurized by blades which creating
aerodynamic lift.
 Typically provide large air volume at relatively
low pressures pressure ranges from 250mmwc
to 500mmwc.
 Efficiency varies from 45% - 85%.
 Popular with industry as compact,
low cost and light weight. fig :Axial fan

 Axial fans are frequently used in exhaust applications where airborne

particulate size is small, such as dust streams, smoke, and steam.
It categorized as,
1. Propelor Axial Fan
2. Tube Axial Fan
3. Vane Axial Fan
 1. Propeller Axial Fan
Chracteristics
 Have two or more blades that generate very high
airflow volumes.
 Produces low static pressure(20-50)mmwc.
 Very low efficiencies of approximately 50%.
 Light weight and inexpensive. fig: Propeller Axial Fan

 Noise level are higher than tube axial and vane axial fan.

Application

 Air circulation within a space or ventilation through a wall without attaches

ductwork.
 Ideally used for make up or replacements air supply.
 2. Tube Axial Fans
Characteristics

 Tube axial fans have a wheel inside a cylindrical housing

which improves that air efficiency. fig: Tube Axial fan

 Numbers of blades range from 4 to 8.

 Capable of developing a more useful static pressure range (250-400
mmwc).
 Efficient up to 65%.

Application
 Frequently used in exhaust applications.
 Also used in some industrial application such as drying ovens, paint spray
 3. Vane Axial Fans
Characteristics

 Vane –axial fans are similar to tube – axial

fans with guide vanes that improves efficiency
by directing the flow.
 Typically have 5 to 20 aerofoil type blades
with a large hub diameter.
 Such fans generally used for pressure (up to
500 mmwc).
 They can achieve efficiencies up to 85%. fig: Vane Axial Fan

Application
 Typically used in high-pressure applications, such as incluced draft service
for a boiler exhaust.
 BLOWER
 Blowers can achieve much higher pressures than fans,as high as 1.20
kg/cm2.
 The impeller is typically gear-driven and rotates as fast as 15,000 rpm.
 They are also used to produce negative pressures for industrial vacuum
systems.
1.Centrifugal blowers
 Typically operate against pressure of 0.35 to 0.70 Kg/cm2.
 They are most often used in application that are not prone to clogging.
2. Possitive – displacement bowers

 They are especially suitable for applications prone to clogging since they
can provide enough pressure up to 1.25 Kg/cm2 – to blow cogged material
free.
 Functions of Fans in Power Plant
 Supply air for complete combustion of the fuel in the furnace.
 For evacuation of the gaseous combustion products continuously from the
boiler furnace.
 To create Draft for required flow of air or combustion gas.
 Supply air for cooling of equipments working in hot zones.
 Supply air sealing of gates, feeder and mills bearing.
 Circulate the gas for better heat transfer.
In power Plant, Air Used for Combustion is divided into two major parts
which are,
1. Primary Air:-
Portion of total air sent through mills to the furnace. This air dries the
pulverized coal and transport it the furnace for combustion.
2. Secondary Air
Large portion of total air sent to furnace for supply of necessary oxygen
for the combustion. Hence, increases the combustion efficiency.
 TYPES OF POWER PLANT FANS
There are three main types of Fans used in Power Plant which are,
1. Forced Draft Fans
2. Primary Air Fans
3. Induced Draft Fans

1.Forced Draft Fan

 They installed at inlet to the air preheater.
 Forced Draft Fan (FD) supply the air necessary for fuel combustion by
pushing the air through combustion air supply system and into the
furnace.
 Forced Draft fan produces pressure up to 510 mmwc at volume flow
rates 20 to 100 m3/s and operates against temperature 25 to 50 c for 200
MW plant.
 These fans are typically the most efficient fans in the power plant
because they have the cleanest operation environment.
 For good reliability, 2 FD fan operating in parallel are used.
 Centrifugal Fans with Backward curved blades are normally used.
2.Primary Air Fan
 Supply high pressure primary air through APH needed to try & transport
coal directly from the pulveriser to the furnace.
 PA fan operate at a temperature up to 70c and produces pressure upto
1187mmwc at 75 m3/s volume rate for 2000MW plant.
 Power requirement for PA fan is higher
 Centrifugal fan with backward curved blades are used.
3. induced draft fan
 Located in between the ESP and foot of the stack
 Sucks the combustion gases out of the furnace and discharge them out of
the stack
 Handles large volume hot dust/ash and flue gases which are exhaust from
the furnace
 High power requirement than FD fan, it require 1100KW motor for
200MW plant
.

Thermal Power Plant Used in Fans

 Conclusion

 Fans and blowers are generally specified based on the pressure

and airflow requirements of each applications, as well as site
specific conditions such as dust and temperature.
 Once the right type of fans and blowers has been specified,
performance can normally be enhanced with control systems.
 REFERENCES
1. Technoogy Menu on Efficiency (NPC)
2. SADC industrial Energy Management Project
3. Energy Audit Reports of NPC
4.Text book on “ Power Plant engineering “ by P.K. Nag.