Direct retainers

Intracoronal retention Extracoronal retainers

Precision semi precision extra coronal attachment clasp

E.g. Dalbo attachment.
 CLASPS classification

On basis of DESIGN On basis of CONSTRUCTION

circumferential bar cast wrought clasp combination

clasps clasp clasp clasp
T shape
Aker Ring Back action Half T Simple circlet Jackson crip
Reverse aker Reverse back action I shape
Recurved RPI
Extended C shape
Multiple L shape
Embrasure U shape
RPA
Half and half
 Aker clasp Recurved arm form Half & half clasp Compound clasp Multiple clasp Extended clasp
.01 inch -.02 inch .01 inch .01-.02 inch
Pic.
sComponent

-A double arm clasp, -Has two arms one -Has two arms one -It is also called -It is two opposing -It is an aker clasp with
one is retentive & the retentive & the other is arise from one truss embrasure clasp, aker clasps joined at extended arms on the
other is reciprocal reciprocal. and the other arise butterfly, double aker, the terminal ends of the adjacent abutment with
-have one truss & one -has one truss & one from the opposite double circumfrential, two reciprocal arms one struss ,one occlusal
occlusal rest occlusal rest. direction from the back to back, & with 2 occlusal rests & rest ,two retentive
other struss, so it has 2
interdental clasp. 2 truss. arms,& two reciprocal
trusses (2minor -It consists of two aker arms.
connectors). clasp arising from a -it remains above the
Have one occlusal common body situated survey line of the first
rests or two. in the embrasure tooth, and cross into
between the two the undercut of the
clasped teeth. adjacent tooth.
-Has two occlusal
rests, and has splinting
action
Uses

-used on molars & -When the usable -Used with isolated -Used with class II or -Used when additional -Used when the tooth
premolars of normal undercut is on the molars & premolars for class III especially the retention is needed, near the saddle has
shapes & position buccal surface of the bounded & free-end unmodified type where usually on tooth – poor undercut while
when the tooth to be abutment tooth is dentures. there are no edentulous borne partial dentures. the tooth next to it has
clasped s adjacent to an adjacent to the spaces on the opposite good ones.
edentulous space & the edentulous space. side of the arch to aid
undercut is away from in distribution of force
the saddle. to the other side ( cross
-it is the most arch bracing).
universally used clasp.
-Indications:
1-unilateral or bilateral
tooth borne partial
denture .
2-Short span free end
saddle where the
undercut is small.
Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages: Disadvantages:
1-Good support & bracing. It covers considerable
2-Doesn’t distort easily. tooth surface and
3-Easy to adjust. may trap food debris.
4-Contact minimal area of
the tooth when compared
with the single-arm clasps.
Properties

Support: excellent. Support: excellent. Support: excellent.

Bracing: excellent. Bracing: excellent. Bracing: excellent.
Retention: good Retention: good to Retention: good to
Reciprocity: good or excellent. excellent.
excellent. Reciprocity: good to Reciprocity: good to
Encirclement: excellent. excellent.
Excellent. Encirclement: Encirclement:
Passivity: good. Excellent. Excellent.
Passivity: good. Passivity: good.
Pic. Reversed aker
sComponent
The same components of aker
clasp.
Uses
-Most often employed on
mandibular bicuspid, when
the undercut is near the
saddle.
-Useful when the bar type
clasp is contraindicated due to
the presence of soft tissue
undercut.
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
An advantage of this clasp is
the fact that the occlusal rest,
located in the mesial fossa,
exerts a mesially directed on
the abutment where it is
reciprocated by an adjacent
tooth, opposed to distally
directed force exerted by aker
clasp.
Ring clasp
.01 -0.02 inch
-It is an one arm clasp.
-It arises mesially either to
engage a mesiobuccal
undercut or a mesiolingual
undercut.
-Reinforcing arm may be
added to the clasp for
bracing ( rigidity).
-It has either one or two
occlusal rests.
Used on isolated and tilted
molar teeth.
Disadvantages:
1-May distort & difficult to
adjust.
2-Contact large area of
tooth.
3-Reinforcing arm may
cause marginal irritation &
act as food trap.
Back action clasp
0.01 or 0.02 inch
-A one-arm clasp.
-Arise from minor connector
situated mesiolingually,the
arm extend above the survey
line on the palatal surface
then engage a mesiobuccal
undercut.
-It has one occlusal rest
located distally or mesially.
Disadvantages:
It is biologically &
mechanically unsound for
following reasons :
1-Easily distorted.
2-Large tooth area covered.
3-Bracing is not sufficient.
4-Design produce food trap.
Reverse back action
-A one-arm clasp.
-The same as back action
clasp but it arise from
mesiobuccal line angle to
engage the undercut
mesiolingually.
-Attached to the denture at
the buccal side.
It is commonly used with
lingually tilted premolar to
engage the mesiolingual
undercut.
RPA
.01 -0.02 inch
-Formed of 3 components:
1-mesial occlusal rest with
minor connection placed
into the mesiolingual
embrasure.
2-proximal plate placed on
the distal surface of the
abutment at the occlusal
third.
3-an aker or circumfrential
clasp arise from the
superior portion of the
proximal plate extend
around the tooth to
engage the mesial
undercut.
Properties

Support: excellent. Support: fair to poor. Support: good to

Bracing: excellent. Bracing: poor. excellent.
Retention: good . Retention: good . Bracing: excellent.
Reciprocity: good to Reciprocity: poor. Retention: good .
excellent. Encirclement: Reciprocity: good to
Encirclement: Fair to poor excellent.
Excellent. Passivity: fair to poor. Encirclement: good to
Passivity: good. Excellent.
Passivity: good.
 T-shape clasp I-shape clasp RPI clasp
Pic.

0.02 inch 0.01 inch

sComponent

-Has two arms one retentive (t shape) & the other . -R=mesial rest=proximal plate, and I=I bar clasp.
is reciprocal. -Formed of three components:

1-mesial occlusal rest with minor connection

placed into the mesiolingual embrasure.
2-proximal plate placed on the distal surface of
the abutment at the occlusal third.
3-I bar retentive arm placed at the center at the
buccal & labial surface of the abutment.
Uses

Used when the survey line indicates that no room
exist for the rigid part of the retentive arm of an
occlusally approaching clasp .esthetically
pleasant.
Advantages & Disadvantages
Employed on premolars & canine when the under Used for distal extension base partial denture &
cut is very small & no other type of clasps can be provide stress release.
used & when the under cut is with the center of
the tooth.

Advantages:
1-kinder on the abutment.
2-has stress-breaking action.
3-no stress on the tooth.
4-passivity.
Bar clasp: ( .01 -.02 inch)
Support: excellent.
Bracing: good.
Retention: excellent.
Reciprocity: fair to good.
Encirclement: good.
Passivity: excellent.

Combination clasp:
1. Wrought wire retentive arm and cast circumferential bracing arm.
.02 - .03 inch.

Support: good to excellent.

Bracing: fair to poor.
Retention: good .
Reciprocity: fair to good.
Encirclement: fair.
Passivity: fair.

2. combination clasp of bar clasp ( retentive arm) and cast clasp ( reciprocal arm).

SCORPION DENTIST & Miss DENTIST