Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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31111006061210
SERVICE INSTITUTE
*-'
•
I I
»-» I C.
L I N G A L A
BASIC COURSE
sir
DEPARTMENT OF STA T E
7 0^1130
7 jy^irso
496.3 U. S. Forcifjn Service Inntifute.
LiiifTiilu, basic course |b}-| James Redden, F. Ronp^o find
assooiatos. Washinfrton, Dept. of State; ,for sale by the
Snpcrinteiulent of Documoiifs, U. S. Govt. Print. Off., KiC'B.
xiv. 203p. '-'7 nil. (/f« Basic course series)
1. Uaiiiral.i laii;nuis«'. Redden, James E. II. Title
i.
(Series) 64-C02<:i7
X U.S. Dept. of State. Foreign Service
EG Institute
6/71
^ 1.
L I N G A L A
BASIC COURSE
-^riML ^
m u I li
1963
lEPARTMENT OF STATE
LING A LA
CARLETON T. HODGE
PREFACE
Lingala is a trade language spoken along about a nine hundred mile stretch of the
Congo River from Leopoldville upstream. Most of the people who speak Lingala are
native speakers of other languages and use Lingala for communicating with persons
outside their own language group.
The Lingala Basic Course is one of a series prepared by the Foreign Service In-
stitute in its Special African Languages Program, coordinated by Earl
W, Stevick.
This series being produced under an agreement with the Office of Education, De-
is
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, under the National Defense Education Act.
The course in its present form is based on classroom experience with a group of
Foreign Service Officers. It is designed to provide basic structures and vocabulary
for the situations in which the foreigner is most likely to need Lingala.
The linguist in charge of the project has been James E. Redden. He was assisted
by Frederic Bongo, Ernest Masakala, and Emil Zola, Language Instructors.
The tapes which accompany the text were prepared in the Foreign Service Insti-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Introduction
Identification and location
Tone XI
Symbol list Xll
Unit 1
Dialog ;ue t 'Greetings ' 1
Note: 1 Verb prefixes 2
10 Drills Instructions on
I Hoxit to Use . 7
Unit 2
BASIC COURSE
9. Vowel Harmony 16
10. The Kituba Language 16
Unit 3
Dialogue 'Do you want to come to my house today's '
. . 21
Notet 1 Infinitive pref ixt /ko-/ 23
2 Purpose t Immediate Future 2k
3 Immediate Present 2k
k Potential Future 25
5 Imperative 25
6 Spelling of long identical vowels ........ 25
7 Possessive Construction with Infinitive... 30
Immediate Past of /-lia/ 30
Order of Possessive and Descriptive Phrases 30
Unit 1+
Unit 5
Dialogue 'On the May to Work k5
Notet 1 Nouns of deed or action, type 1 k8
2 Independent or Emphatic Subject Pronouns . kQ
3 Very Polite Questions and Requests k9
^ Vowel Harmony m Noun Prefixes k9
5 Recent Past: Recent Past Progressive .... ks
6 Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals 50
7 Telephone Numbers 50
Plural of /mokama/ 'hundred ' 50
'Passive ' Plural 55
:
.:
LING A LA
Unit 6
Dialogue 'At the Office '
56
Note: 1. Equational Sentences 60
2. Non-animate Independent Pronouns 60
3 Subjunctive 6o
\\. Applicative Suffix 61
5. Indirect Discourse: Particle /te/ 61
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Dialogue 'The Houseboy ' 88
Notei 1. Comparison of Intensity 91
2. Definite Condition 91
:
» :
. 8
6
BASIC COURSE
3 General Prohibitions , 91
l\.. Special Meanings of Derived Stems 92
5. /tee/ Followed by /na/ ,
92
6. /liboso/ Plus Subjunctive ,
97
Unit 10
Dialogue 'The Telephone '
98
Note: 1. Hypothetical Supposition IO6
2. 'Passive' Plural I06
3. Future m Non- initial and Subordinate Clauses 106
Unit 11
Dialogue 1 'At the Doctor '
s '
10?
Note I 1. Emphatic /wapi/ Ill
2 Spelling of /oo/ Ill
Unit 12
Dia log ue 'Mosquitoes '
117
Not e 1. Nouns From Derived Stems 121
2. Agent Nouns 122
3. /wa/i /ya/ 122
^. Literary Use of /nde/ of Mark Future 122
5. Hyperbole with /. .mayele te/ . 122
6. Norms of Deed or Action, Type 2 122
Unit 13
Dia log uei '
The Workshop '
13
Not e 1. Pa s s ive 13i|
LING A LA
Unit 111
2. /se/ ll|7
Unit 15
Dialogue 1 'Military Service '
15L|-
Unit 16
Dialogue : 'Building a Road '
I6I4.
Unit 17
Dialogue: 'Traffic Control' 175
Unit 18
Dialogue : 'A New House '
l8L|.
Unit 19
Dialogue : 'Leaving For The Store '
195
Note: 1. Reflexive 199
2 C ompound Agent Nouns 203
3 Kinship Terminology 20L\.
Vlll
:
BASIC COURSE
Unit 20
Dialogue 'A Student Visa '
205
Note: 1. /ifo/ plus Subjunctive 208
2. Reduplication for Intensity 208
3. Wishes, Intentions, Plans 208
Unit 21
Dialogue I 'A Lost Pencil ' 21[|.
Unit 22
Dialogue! 'The Bus to Kimwenza ' 223
Note: 1. /longwa awa tii na Kimwenza/ 226
2. /nsima ya mikolo misatu/ 226
Unit 23
Dialogue i 'A" Wedding ' 232
Notei 1. Suggestive Cohortative 236
2. Distant Indefinite Future 2[|.l
Unit 2k
Dialogue! 'The Seasons ' 21^.2
Glossary 2^2
XX
LING A LA
Introduction
LING A LA
language do use tone, including the speaker used as the model for
this manual.
Sentence intonation, e.g., use of pitch to distinguish state-
ments and questions, is also used m Lmgala. This is described
m Note 1.7. In reference to the notes m this manual, the first
numeral refers to the unit and the second numeral refers to the
note
In the four column chart given below, column I gives the
orthography except for /e/ and /o/ (See footnote 3 below), column
II gives the phonemes, column III gives the phonetic symbols, and
column IV is an approximation of the sound using American English
and French sounds for comparison.
P /p/ [p]
2in
t /t/ ft] tin
k /k/ Ck] _come
kp^- /kp/ [ kp , ' kp ] simultaneous k and £
b /W [b] be
d /d/ [d] do
g /g/ [g] £0
gb^- /gb/ [gb, 'gb] simultaneous £ and b
f /f/ [f] fee
s /s/ fs] _see
h A/ [h] he
z A/ f2,j, dZjdj] zero
m /W [m] me
n /n/ fn, rj] no, sing
ny fp y] j_e pronounced through
/P/ the nose
ngb^- /rr)/ [nj] simultaneous m and rj
1 A/ [1] let
w A/ [w] we
BASIC COURSE
y A/ [y] jes
vl. A/ [v] vine
pi.
A/ [r, y, x] French gare
1 /V [i\ ri beat2
e A/ [x, e] ba_it2
?3 /e/ [ e , ee "
] bet
a A/ [a, a] bottle
o3
1
A/ [q] bought
o A/ [o, u] boat2
u A/ [u", u] boot^
•
/#/ step down m
pitch on
preceding
syllable a nd
pause
J /I/ pause
2
/ll/ greater mte rval
between high
and low than
for A^/ ^^'^
usually stress
on the preceding
high
LING A LA
NOTES
i\.. /kp/, /gb/, and /ngb/ are very rare. This manual con-
tains only one word with /gb/ and no words with /kp/ of /ngb/.
They are usually explosive, but some speakers are reported to use
implosives
BASIC COURSE UNIT 1
Unit 1
isic Sentences
-A-
mboteI I
gree tings, good morning/
afternoon/evening
1. Mbote. Hello.
yes
2. Ee , mbote. Hello.
-A-
-B-
nazali I am
-A-
•B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
banso all
NOTES
Singular Plural
2nd person ozali you (sg.) are bozali you (pi.) are
The verb /-zala/ plus /na/ has a number of meanings from the
English point of view. Most commonly /-zala na/ translates 'has'
or 'have', e.g., /azali na mwana/, 'he has a child', but a number
of other meanings are possible, e.g., 'he is with the child', 'he
IS looking after the child'.
INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
m a statement.
INTONATION
Statement Question
INTONATION
Statement Question
MODEL DRILL
Teacher: Ozali
LEXICAL DRILL 1
UNIT 1 LING A LA
LEXICAL DRILL 2
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
Answer affirmatively:
2. Azali malamu? Ee ,
azali malamu.
9
p p p
Bana na ngai bazali malamu'^
/* p
Ee ,
p p
bana na yo bazali malamu.
p p
p ^ p p p p p p p p p p
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
UNIT 2 LING A LA
UNIT 2
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
te
I
not, no
-A-
Pranyais French
-B-
kasi but
Anglais English
\\.
ft
Ee,
ft
kasi nayebi Anglais te
r
. Yes, but I don't speak English.
-A-
ndmga, n- language
mm what, which
ndako, n- house
ndako? home?
10
. '
-B-
Leta, Kutuba
' ' '
6. Tolobaka Lmgala na Kituba. We speak Lmgala and Kituba
-A-
-B-
NOTES
olobaka
nayebi
Stem
^
Sub J e c t Verbal ^ Aspect
Prefix Base Extension Suffix
o- lob -ak -a
na- yeb -X
11
.
UNIT 2 LING A LA
The base and aspect suffix occur xn every verb form. Prefixes
and verbal extensions may or may not be present. The tone of the
first stem syllable is fixed, i.e., always high or always low; but
the tone of succeeding syllables of the stem is the same as the tone
of the aspect suffix.
12
,
-P
,-^ EH O
O OQ
M < —
-
< CL, o K
H (D H <
cyj S EH
< H <
M
<D
Ph EH H
Q
m
H
R faD H
s G §
<i: O K a)
H h^l H H
C) Eh o
M <t; ^ w
n
13
. .
UNIT LING A LA
The perfective suffix /-i/ marks (l) the immediate past, (2)
permanent or semi-permanent states and innate characteristics, and
(3) permanent or present locations. (l) The immediate past most
often refers to some time earlier the same day as the moment of
speaking or some time the preceding day, but it may refer to any
time mthe last three or four or more days if the speaker considers
the event to have just taken place. (2) Permanent or semi-permanent
states and innate characteristics are such things as sex, nationali-
ty, name, profession, and marital state. (3) A permanent location,
is a geographic or natural location; a present location is the pre-
sent temporary location of anything movable. Compare the examples
below.
Ik
BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
15
UNIT 2 LINGALA
m turn has the imperf ective suffix, marks (l) the temporary habit-
ual present and/or (2) the proximate future. The /ko-/ prefix is
optional, but it nearly always occurs. (l) A temporary habitual
primary vowels i e a o u
vowel triangle.
16
BASIC COURSE UNIT 2
Front Bac;k
High 1
Primary
High Mid e
]
Mid
Low Mid e o
1
Secondary
Low a Primary (-Secondary)
GRAMMATICAL DRILL I
18
. i
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
1.
2.
ft
Nazali na ndako ya ngai.
I 'm
at home.
at their house.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
19
. . i . )
UNIT 2 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
20
BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
Unit 3
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
soke, soki if
-A-
-lia to eat
-B-
nsoso chicken
loso I
rice
r r r r
h.. Nsoso na loso. Chicken and rice
-A-
21
, )
UNIT 3 LING A LA
mbisi fish
vegetable
nyama meat
-A-
-mele I
to drink, suck up, smoke
I
-B-
wine
-A-
-B-
mibale two
22
.
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
NOTES
23
.
UNIT 3 LING A LA
good translation.
Though the temporary habitual present (See Note 2.8) and the
immediate present both usually translate 'I am... mg and though '
both may often be used to describe the same event, they often con-
trast, e.g., /naakolia/, 'I'm eating ', i.e., 'I'm studying (or
whatever) but from time to time I eat something even though at this
moment I may not have food m my mouth', /nazali kolia/, 'I am eat-
ing something right at this moment'.
The immediate future (See Note 3-2) and the immediate present
are both used to describe something which is going to happen very
soon. If the immediate present is used, the event is so near that
it is considered to have already begun, e.g., /azali kokende/, 'He
2k
BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
The prefix /-ko-/ plus the imperfective suffix with low tone
form the potential future. The potential future may be any time
m the future, but it is rather indefinite, i.e., it is much less
sure to take place than the immediate and proximate futures, e.g.,
/nakoyaa/, 'I will come', 'I plan/intend to come'.
3.5 Imperative.
away.
The imperative plural consists of the prefix /bo-/ plus the
imperative singular, e.g., /bosala/, 'work' (speaking to more than
one person). However, the imperative singular is often used when
addressing more than one person.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
25
UNIT 3 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
26
BASIC COURSE UNIT 3
—loso.
I %
27
. . i
UNIT 3 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
i|. Nakolamba soko nazwi ntangu . I will fix (some) if I get time.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
\\. Bokoki kozwa nsoso. You (pi.) can have (the) chicken.
7. Balmgi
° kokende 1 1
na ndako. They are about to go home.
10. Ayebi kolamba nyama. She knows how to fix the meat,
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
2. Mama akolamba nsoso na lose, Mother will fix chicken and rice.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
29
UNIT 3 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 7
2. Kende ndako.
I I
Go home. Go to the house.
ntangu ya koyaa
30
) .
Unit k-
Basic Sentences
-A-
boongo thus, so
- teleme
I I I
to stop, stand up' insist
wapi where
-A-
3. Ee, nayebi. Ye s , I do
\\. Okomata mwaa ngomba esika ya You climb the hill where the
'monument' ya 'Stanley' monument to Stanley is.
ezali.
31
.
UNIT k LING A LA
-A-
-B-
111' liboko,
loboko, 11' ma- arm, sleeve, side
-A-
-B-
32
BASIC COURSE UNIT 1+
CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS
33
UNIT 1+ LING A LA
time it occurs. All the nouns beginning with /mo-/ the previous m
lessons belong to the MO-BA, class except /mobali/ and /moke/, which
are MO-MI class. All the nouns m
previous lessons beginning with
a nasal consonant (mor n) plus another consonant are N-N class.
There is now rather strong tendency among younger people to put
a
nouns of the N-N class into the ^-BA class, i.e., instead of
/ndako/, 'house' and/or 'houses', some young people say /ndako/,
'house' and /bandako/, 'houses', but the N-N pattern is still the
dominant one for this class of noun.
The various noun classes are listed below. Note which sin-
gulars go with which plurals.
NOUN CLASSES
31^
'
1 St na- to-
2 nd 0- bo-
e- ma-
e- bi-
35
. . . . .
SINGULAR PLURAL
^- a- ba- ba-
lo- e- n- mi-
e- e- bi- bi-
n- e- n- mi-
ko- e-
36
. . .
10. —
Biloko
1 1
bizali. The things are...
lolenge, ndenge
labial m p, b, f
dental n t, d, s, z
velar 33 k, g
UNIT 1^ LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
Tolmgi
° II komona
kokende I
We want to go see the rapids.
ba chutes
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
38
. I 1 . . » .. .
7.
^
Mobali na ye azali liboso na
^ f *
Her husband is m front of
ndako . the house.
10. Basi bazali kolamba nsoso. The women are cooking chicken.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
\\.
ft
Azali mama ya bana mibale.
t A
.
f
She IS the mother of two
5.
ft
Azali mama ya tata na yo
ft .
children.
—
f f
Today we saw your father.
6. I—
Lelo
— tomoni tata na yo
1
f
"^ I
f
f f f f f
39
.. . . . ..
UNIT 1; LING A LA
10. Na liboso okomona na loboko Before that you will see their
ya mobali ndako ya bango. house on the right.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
p f f
hfi
. . . . .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
i^l
. . .
UNIT k LING A LA
f f f r f
7. Mwasi ayokaka mobali na ye. The woman obeys her husband.
i^2
..
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
^.l|- Adjectives
Lmgala has only a few adjectives, but is m the process of
developing several new ones. An adjective follows the noun it mod-
ifies, e.g., /mwana moke/, 'a small child'. New adjectival con-
structions are formed by /ya/, /mwana ya mobali/, 'male child',
'son'. Many such constructions now regularly occur without /ya/,
so that /mwana mobali/, 'male child', 'son', is now the preferred
form for many younger persons.
i+3
UNIT k LING A LA
hk
'
Unit 5
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
'mecanicien mechanic
-A-
-B-
nsambo
h^
UNIT 5 LING A LA
-A-
'secretaire' secretary
-A-
awa here
-A-
i|6
, .
-B-
-A-
NUMERALS
moko one
mibale two
mmei four
motoba six
nsambo seven
libwa nine
hi
.
UNIT 5 LING A LA
zomi ten
nkoto thousand
NOTES
^8
. '
mokolo
I t I
I t I
mm?
p
mm?/, 'When did you arrive?', 'You have arrived only recently,
haven ' t you? '
i|9
'
UNIT 5 LING A LA
mposo ya misatu
50
. .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
UNIT 5 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
^
h^. Olmgaki
° —
kokende komono t 1 1 I-
Did you want to go see the
monument ya Stanley ? monument to Stanley?
GRAMMATICAL DRILL li
18 80 28 b) ^0 50 h 5
17 70 27 1^ 15 hS Sk
16 60 26 60 70 6 7
15 50 25 16 17 67 76
11+ I;0 2^ 20 30 2 3
52
BASIC COURSE UN]
19 90 29 d) 36 63 33 66
16 15 13 2^ S2 22 SB
20 50 ko 67 76 77 66
25 22 27 19 99 9 11
38 68 18 8 88 38 78
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
6:20 10:55
5:10 11:55
2:00 7:35
^:05 2:10
12:30 6:25
7:15 12:50
53
. .. — <
UNIT 5 LING A LA
8:I^0 9:00
9:50 U:30
It 05
3.35 3:50
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
-bakisa to add
1. I—
Moko
— I
bakisa mokot-^ ekoki
1
, One and one is two
mibale
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 7
5U
'
etikali libwa.
55
' . .
UNIT 6 LING A LA
Unit 6
Basic Sentences
-A-
-A-
'bureau office
\\, Yango, kasi azali na It IS, but he's very busy today.
mosala mmgi
° lelo.
I I
-A-
-B-
-lobela to speak to
te that. .
II motu te lelo
komono III want to see anyone at his
na bureau na ye office today.
56
. .
-A-
-A-
10. Soko oboyi, okokota na If you refuse (to tell me), you
bureau na ye te can't go m.
-A-
-B-
-kufa to die
57
.. .
UNIT 6 LING A LA
-A-
-B-
too or
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
58
BASIC COURSE UNIT 6
USEFUL PHRASES
mpio, m- cold
59
UNIT 6 LING A LA
Yango
6.3 Subjunctive
Nalobeli yo
61
. .
UNIT 6 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
10. Bana bazali komata mabanga . The children are climbing the
rocks.
GRA.MMATICAL DRILL 2
62
. .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
7. Almgi
O akende I 1
na ndako. He's leaving for home right
away.
' ' '
o. Almgi ayeba likambo nmi'
He wants to know what it is.
ezali .
f f f p f /
9. Almgi ayeba soko okoki He wants to know if you can
kosala yango . do it.
^ / ^ ft *
10. Almgi ayeba soko osalaka He wants to know if you work
na GEGEAG. at C.E.G.E.A.C.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
1. Tokende kolia.
I t
Let's go eat.
63
. I . .
UNIT 6 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
6U
.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 7
65
UNIT 7 LING A LA
Unit 7
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
5. Nalmgi mibale ya mmene I'd like two big ones and four
na mmei ya mike. little ones.
. p ft
o. Nakanga motoba? Should I wrap up the six?
66
. ,
-A-
7. Ee.
I I
Yes.
-B-
-somba to buy
10. Lukela ngai ya malamu, Pick me out some good ones for
/ / / /
ya mpata mibale, na ten francs. Also add the
matabisi. matabiche.
-B-
USEFUL PHRASES
P P ^ / / P
1. Mwasi na ngai akoyaa lelo My wife is coming this morning.
na ntongo
67
. .
UNIT 7 LING A LA
7.1 Desiderative
PATTERN DRILL 1
nam who
1. Lobela ngai likambo olmgi. Tell me what you want.
p p p p p p p
7. Lobela ngai soki olmgi Tell me if you want to eat.
p
kolia
69
— . .
UNIT 7 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
Nakoteke
1——I
le yo
iLo.
I
ndako na ngai, I will sell my house to you.
Akosomba —
loso na yo.
I —
I 1^-*-
He will buy rice from you.
Bakotikala na loso
II na yo "^ I
They will keep your rice.
Oyo ya mmene mpata mmei . The big ones are twenty francs.
Oyo ya mike falanga zomi . The small ones are ten francs.
70
BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
I|-.
f
Ntango mm f f p
asombeli yo
p ^
When did she pay you for the
matungulu? onions?
5.
' '
Osombaki
'
mm?
'
What did you buy?
Nasombaki pilipili . I bought some peppers.
9. Osombaki nyama yango ntangu When did you buy that meat?
mm?
Nasombaki yango lelo . I bought it today.
10. Nakoki kosomba pilipili zomi How much will ten peppers cost?
falanga bom?
Okoki kosomba falanga zomi You can buy (them) for twelve
na mibale. francs.
71
— . .
UNIT 7 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL BRILL 2
ma desu beans
mbala, m- potato
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
PATTERN DRILL 2
73
UNIT 7 LING A LA
10. Nalmgi opesa ngai falanga I want you to give me ten francs.
zomi .
PATTERN DRILL 3
—
Te, i-j
kasi nateka ma la la.
I
No, but I'd like to sell the
oranges.
ih
BASIC COURSE UNIT 7
7.6 Please
f f f / f
Soko olingi, kanga yango.
75
'
UNIT 8 LING A LA
Unit 8
Basic Sentences
-A-
'essence gasoline
-A-
mai water
-B-
ai oh, hey
76
BASIC COURSE UNIT
-A-
-B-
-B-
o. Boongo, okozila mwaa moke All right, (but) you will (have
to) wait a little while.
-A-
9. Te nakei, nakozonga na nsima. No, I'm leaving, I'll come back
later.
77
. .
UNIT 8 LING A LA
USEFUL PHRASES
Bilamba oyo bibongi na ngai. These clothes look good orv me.
Kiti oyo ebongi na mesa wana This chair goes well with that
table
78
BASIC GOUESE UNIT 8
mesa table
kiti chair
79
UNIT 8 LINGALA
NOTES
8.2 Reversive
There are many derived stems, i.e., base plus verbal exten-
sions, for which there is no corresponding simple stem, i.e., base
without verbal extension! s) , e.g., /-yekola/, 'to study; / -yeka/
does not occur. Because of this the student should not make ana-
logical back formations of simple stems from derived stems. This
IS especially true of derived stems with /-ol-/ or /-w-/.
8.5 Causative
UNIT 8 LING A LA
washing the car', literally 'I have come from washing the car',
I.e., 'the last thing I did before the moment of speaking was wash
the car '
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
i\..
f f f
Nalobeli mwana atiya Imzanza
^ r
I told the boy to put m a
moko ya ntuku mitanu cen- 50-centiliter can of oil.
tilitre ya mafuta.
5.
r r f
Nalobeli mwana atiya litres
r A
I told the boy to put m twenty
ntuku mibale ya essence . liters of gasoline.
7. Motu wana almgi bobongisela That man wants to have his tire
ye lokolo ya motuka . fixed.
82
i . .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
3.
'
Oyaki mokolo
f
mm
f
na Leo?
f
When did you arrive m Leopold-
ville?
* * p ^
Nayaki na mposo eleki . I arrived last week.
.
i|.
f
Nasala
f
mm
* *
na nsoso oyo
t p
What should I do with the rest
etikali? of the chicken?
'
t p p
Pesa ye nsoso oyo etikali.
t f f ftp
Give him the rest of the
chicken.
83
. .
UNIT 8 LING A LA
10. Obandi mosala ntangu mm? How long have you been working?
f f ^ f f
Nabandi mosala uta ngonga I have been working for one
——
moko.
I I-
hour.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
]\. Tosombaki lokolo ya sika We bought a new tire for the car.
na motuka.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
6. Nasili natii litres mitanu I 've just now put five liters
ya essence na motuka. of gasoline m the car.
7. Nasili natali mafuta na mai . I 've just now looked at the oil
and water.
PATTERN DRILL 1
9.
f f
Ayebi ndenge
f f
mm
*
bakoki
f
He know how to unlock the door,
kofungola monoko ya ndako .
/Pesa ye nsoso oyo etikali/, 'Give him the rest of the chicken'.
87
. .
UNIT 9 LING A LA
Unit 9
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
2. Nalmsi. I am.
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
o.
II osali malamu, boongo
Soke
nakobakisa
JO If you do good work, I'll
increase you.
- fi-
-A-
USEFUL PHRASES
Longwa .'
Scram.' Get lost.'
89
. . ) . .
UNIT 9 LING A LA
mesa table
lutu spoon
mbeli knife
lokele, n- spoon
te carry, transport
NOTES
91
' .
UNIT 9 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
. p p p p p
5. Lobela ye angoma bilamba Tell him to press the clothes
p
sika oyo . right away.
. p p p p p
D. Loba na ye soko almgi Ask him if he can press the
kongoma bilamba sika oyo. clothes right away.
p p p p p
7. Loba na ye soko almgi Ask him if he can come this
koyaa lelo na mpokwa . afternoon.
92
4
I . . .
PATTERN DRILL 1
93
. .
UNIT 9 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
o. Mosala elekaki makasi The work was too hard, and be-
ntma na yango tokei cause of that we came home.
na ndako.
10. Mosala elekaki makasi ntangu There's so much work that there
ya kolia ezalaki te . isn't (even) time to eat.
9if
. .
1 GRAMMATICAL DRILLS 3
* r p f r f t
1. Boi akangoleli ngai ndako. The houseboy opened the door
for me.
I|-. Nasukolelisi boi bilamba I had the boy wash the sheets.
ya mbetu .
5» Angomiseli boi bilamba ya She had the boy iron the sheets.
mbe tu
, r r r r ^ r
0. Angomiseli ye elamba ya mesa . She had him iron the tablecloth.
p p p p
7. Alongolaki elamba ya mesa. She put away the table cloth.
10. Akamataki basani ya sika. She got out the new dishes.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL i+
95
UNIT LING A LA
PATTERN DRILL 2
PATTERN DRILL 3
96
BASIC COURSE UNIT 9
97
UNIT 10 LING A LA
Unit 10
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-B-
-A-
-A-
9. Melesi. Thanks
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
99
UNIT LING A LA
-A-
16. Na ntangu mosusu. See you then.
USEFUL PHRASES
Kanga
° telefon.
III Hang up the phone.
Baakobenga
O yo na telefon.
IIIrJ ^
You're wanted on the phone.
telephone
III (telephone)
telefon ^
beat
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
101
UNIT 10 LING A LA
GEAMMATICAL DRILL 2
3.
f f f
Nabosanx ntangu
f
mm
*
tokomi
f
'^
I forgot what time it is.
f r r r f f
\\. Nabosani nkombo na ye . I've forgotten his name.
r f r f r
5. Nabosani bana na ye . I forgot about his children.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
102
— , . .
10. Natuni kasi motu azalaki t^ I called out, but no one was
there
PATTERN DRILL 1
f f f /
I —
f
t-
'
p p
I
p
I
If you had bought one, I would
napesaki yo nkama moko. have given you a thousand
francs
6.
II ozilaki sanza moko,
Soko I I
'
If you had waited a month,
mbele okokaki kotekisa you would have been able
yango. to sell it at a profit.
103
UNIT 10 LING A LA
—Soki
I
ozalaki na nkoto moko,
I-' 1— If you had had a thousand
mbele okendeki na Kmsasa, francs, you could have
gone to Leopoldville
•^1
9.Soki ozalaki na nkoto moko,
11' If you had had a thousand
mbele okokaki kosomba
I I
francs, you could have
bilamba . bought some clothes.
10. —Soko
—I okendeki na Kmsasa
1 f
If you had gone to Leopoldville,
mbele okokaki kosomba
I I
you could have bought some
bilamba clothes
PATTERN DRILL 2
Mo to moko asololaki na ye
I i
"^
Someone talked to him on the
lobi na telefon. i — I I
phone yesterday.
3. Mo to moko aakobima na
I I
Someone is going out at six
ngonga ya motoba . o 'clock.
r r r f A f
5. Mo to moko abosani buuku
I I
Someone has forgotten his
na ye ya Lmgala . Lmgala book.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
lOi^
. . .
PATTERN DRILL 3
PATTERN DRILL i|
105
UNIT 10 LINGALA
Nakanisi akoyaa.
106
.
Unit 11
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
moto
I I
fire, hot
-B-
107
UNIT 11 LING A LA
-A-
-B-
-A-
III' fievele,
fiefele, III' fever
(f levre)
10. Oo ,
>
ozali na fiefele,
III' Paul. Oh,' you have
''
a fever, Paul,
'
-B-
11. •
Salisa ngai ko monganga, Help me, doctor.
-A-
12. ElokoI I
mm oliaki too What did you eat or drink
omelaki
I
lobi*? yesterday?
-B-
til tea
108
. . ,
f f f r r f
1L|.. Fiefele yango ezali makasi? Is my fever very high?
(The fever, ( it is very high?)
-A-
-B-
-A-
USEFUL PHRASES
II mokolo
Lelo III mm? What day is it?
Lelo mokolo ya lommgo. Today is Sunday.
II mokolo
Lelo 111*^ya mosala mibale. Today is Tuesday.
II mokolo
Lelo III''ya mosala misatu. Today is Wednesday,
109
UNIT 11 LING A LA
II mokolo
Lelo III"'ya mosala initanu. Today is Friday.
II mokolo
Lelo III''ya mposo.
-^11 Today is Saturday.
Naakolengele
" I
mobembo na
I I
I 'm getting ready for a trip
ntango ya elanga. during the dry season.
Nazoki na mokongo.
I I
'='
I
I 've injured my back.
lommgo Sunday
-bemba to travel
110
)
- sono
t I
to sew, make clothes
NOTES
Nayeba wapi?
/oo/ IS /oh/.
Ill
UNIT 11 LING A LA
Lexical Drill 1
Lexical Drill 2
^
]±. Naakobele na loboko.
I ! 1 t 1-
1 have a pain m my hand.
Lexical Drill 3
112
I I
Lexical Drill 5
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
2. —
Okolamba lelo na midi
1
Today for lunch fix a whole
nsoso mobimba. chicken.
—
lelo na midi.
— I
today.
\\.. Okolamba tii mpo na monganga . Fix some tea for the doctor.
5. Kende kosomba tii mpo na Go buy some tea for the doctor,
monganga .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
113
UNIT 111+ LING A LA
\\.
t r
Alongolaki bilamba na ye
f r f
He undressed when he was m
ntango azalaki liboso with the doctor.
ya monganga .
8. III ntango
Azalaki na fiefele ° He had a fever when I saw him.
f ^ p f
namonaki ye .
t f t f r t r
9. Namonaki ye ntango azalaki I saw him while he was taking
kosalisa tata na ye . care of his father.
Pattern Drill 1
3. —
—Soko
I I
nazalaki na malali kana If I were sick, I would go
nakei kotala monganga. see the doctor.
k.
^ Soko nazalaki na malali kana If I had been sick, I would
I I
nil
I . . — — , •
^ ^ f f f *
6.
II nabikaki te
Soko I
,
'
mbe nakei
1
If I hadn't got better, I would
kotala monganga . go to see the doctor.
f * r r f f r
7.
' I
—
—Soko nazalaki na fievele,
*' 1 — I
If I had a fever, I would go
mbe nakei kotala monganga see the doctor.
8.
II nazalaki na fievele,
Soko III' If I had a fever, I'd go to
mbe nalali.
I
bed.
f f * f * f f
9.
^ I
—
Soko
— I —
nabeleki, mbe nalali.
i I '
I
If I were sick, I'd go to bed.
/ ^ ^ ^ ^ f
10. Soko
It 11^
nabeleki, mbe nameli
I 1
If I were sick, I'd drink some
til ya moto . hot tea.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
f f ^ / ^ ^
2. Lobela ye akende
^-^
kotala
"^ 1
Tell him to go see the doctor.
monganga
f f f f p * *
3. Lobela ye abengela ngai Tell her to get them on the
bango
a na telefon. 1 —— I •
phone for me
115
UNIT 11 LINGALA
116
BASIC COURSE UNIT 12
Unit 12
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-C-
-C-
5. Melesi. Thanks.
-B-
117
UNIT 12 LING A LA
kolongonu health
-C-
mpongi, m- sleep
-B-
to bite, sting
bad fever.
118
' .
-C-
111. Ee , mai ezali, kasi tozali Yes there is, but we have enough
pitolo
na pi
^ to mpo na kosopa
I
kerosene to pour on (the
likolo. ditches)
-B-
'voiture automobile
-C-
-C-
-B-
20. AndeleJ Kenda kozwa
t
Andre.' Go get some drinks,
masanga.
USEFUL PHRASES
Abeki mosolo
Ill na yo "-^
t
He borrowed the money from you.
Adefisi yo mosolo.
III
•^
I
He loaned the money to you.
120
BASIC COURSE UNIT 12
mbongo, m- money
NOTES
121
this lesson, many such new words are introduced m the exercises
without build-up or explanation. Since the structure of such words
and the roots and affixes have been previously explained, it is up
to the student to recognize and analyze these new words with only
the help of the English translation. The student inust be able to
do this if he is to control Lmgala.
The MO-BA prefix class and the /-i/ suffix mark agent nouns,
e.g., /mokonzi/, 'ruler', 'manager', 'chief' from /-konza/ 'to rule',
'manage '
The BO-MA prefix class and the suffix /-i/ form a large
number of nouns of deed or action, e.g., /bolei/, 'meal', /boyei/,
122
. . . .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
123
UNIT 12 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
\\, Mwana oyo ya mobali ayebi This boy doesn't know the name
nkombo ya mosombi te. of the purchaser.
IZh
. . . .
Molobeli atuni motu oyo motuna. The speaker asked the man a
question.
te.
I
GRAMMATICAL DRILL i|
' '
'
\\. Natmdi voiture ekende I sent the car for the chief.
kokamata mokonzi .
125
UNIT 12 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
126
.
. . .
127
UNIT 12 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
128
. I . . .
1
3. Ndenge na ye ya bosali Wha t ki nd o i?
p e r 3 "j i
la 1 ": y does
ezali boni? he have?
Te, botali liboso ya lininisa No, the view from the window
ezali kitoko te I
isn't beautiful.
I I
Bakengeli
° I
batelemi liboso
I 1 — The guards are standing m
ya ndako monene . front of the big building.
10. Oyo kuna ndako na yo? Is that your house over there?
Ee ,
yango ndako na ngai. Yes, that's my house.
129
UNIT 13 LING A LA
Unit 13
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
chec check
130
.
nyongo, n- debt
-A-
-A-
-B-
nzoku, n- elephant
-A-
131
UNIT 13 LING A LA
-B-
-A-
u\. Ntangu bom okoki kozila How long do you have to wait
mpo ozwa yango? for them?
-B-
^ f f f
IS' Kaka mikolo mibale too Only two or three days.
misa tu.
-B-
-A-
17- Na huit heures tii na midi, From eight until noon, and from
rape na trois heures tii three until seven m the after-
na sept heures ya mpokwa. noon.
-B-
-A-
132
. . .
USEFUL PHRASES
133
UNIT 13 LING A LA
tembele (timbre)
t I t
postage- stamp
NOTES
13.1 Passive
131;
'
135
UNIT 13 LINGALA
esaleli
esalelo
The same applies to having a verb and its object from the
same base. Any such combination as 'to walk a walk', will be
avoided and words from different bases will be used or the object
will be omitted. However, it is not uncommon for both the subject
and the verb to have the same base.
13.9 Expletive
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
5.
-^ Mokonzi atmdi monoko
III The chief sent a message by
na mwana. the boy.
, f f * f f
6. Okoki 'kopesa ngai lisalisi? Can you give me some help?
Bokoki kopesa bisu lisalisi? Can you give us some help?
Batuni na batu oyo epai They asked the men where they
balalaka lived.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
138
.
6.- Awa basalaka mikolo nyonso . Here they work every day.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
139
UNIT 13 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL i|
1^0
.. — .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL i?
kokangwaina te . locked)
na moyekwisi . teacher.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
li^l
UNIT 13 LING A LA
11+2
.
. '
Unit li|
I Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
'voter to vote
li+3
UNIT lij_ LING A LA
-B-
8. Batu bazali na rnbula ntuku Those who have reached the age
mibale na moko tii na of twenty-one and over.
likolo
-A-
-B-
tha t . .
10. Te , wana te , kaka se mbula No, not that, only the age and
na ndenge ya inotu okovoter, competence of the person you
will vote for.
A-
-A-
li|4
. . . . . . . .
-B-
15« Mpo ya president, oyo mbula The one for president was
misatu. three years ago.
USEFUL PHMSES
ekolo ekeko
ll|6
—
BASIC COURSE UNIT 11^
li|.2 /se/
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
2. Mbala boni osili okei na How many times have you been m
Kongo ? m the Congo?
3. Mbala bom osili okei na How many times have you been
Kisangani *2 to Stanleyville?
10.
—
Mikolo
1 I
bom okosala mpo
±
How long will it be until you
okokoma na Boma? arrive m Boma?
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
1. Batu nyonso mmei baleki All four of the men are over
mbula ntuku mmei. forty years old.
2. Batu nyonso mmei bazalaki All four of the men were here
awa mbula eleki . last year.
1^^
UNIT li|. LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
11+8
. . . . .
li|9
UNIT II4. LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1|
$. Banani bakoki kosala na leta? Who can work for the government?
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
Ll.
^ Ebongi
° nazila tii mokolo
I III I'll have to wait until
ya mosala mmei mpo na Thursday to buy those
kosomba bilamba wana. clothes.
150
. . .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
if. Uta mbula eleki namu nabeti I haven't played soccer again
lisusu ndembo te . since last year.
ft / / /
8. Til nsima ya mbula misatu You will live here for three
/ p * *
bokolala na esika oyo . years
10. Til na nsuka ya mbula ekoyaa , You will live here 'until the
/ ^ / /
bokolala na esika oyo. end of next year.
151
UNIT 11+ LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 7
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 8
152
.
153
UNIT 15 LING A LA
Unit 15
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
J_|.. Te tata, mosala wana No, Sir, I don't want that job.
nalmgi yango te
-A-
151;
BASIC COURSE UNIT 15
-A-
-A-
-A-
155
UNIT 15 LING A LA
-A-
15. Kende malamu, oyaka Goodby, come to see me again
kotala ngai ntangu some time.
mosusu.
USEFUL PHRASES
156
BASIC COURSE UNIT 15
NOTES
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
10. Tata asombaka ndako na bisu Father bought this house when
ntangu ayaka na Leo . he came to Leopoldville
Pattern Drill 1
Pattern Drill 2
159
UNIT 15 LING A LA
I)-. Motuka oyo eleki wana na This car runs faster than
kotambola . that one.
Pattern Drill 3
GRA,miaTICAL DRILL 2
Pattern Drill h.
GRAIMATICAL DRILL 3
3 . Azalaka kaka na mbula zomi He was only ten years old when
p
ntangu etumba ekweyaka
^ *
the war took place m our
na mboka country.
\\. Azalaka kaka na mbula zorni He was only ten years old when
ntangu tata na ye akufaka . his father died.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1+
a.
^ Momemi akendeki koluka
I t I
The porter has gone to get some
p
buto ya soke to . buttons for his uniform.
p p p p p p
5- Soda oyo angangisaki buto This soldier shmed his uniform
ya sokoto. buttons
162
BASIC COURSE UNIT 15
163
UNIT 16 LINGALA
Unit 16
Basic Sentence
-A-
-A-
-A-
-B-
161+
. . ..
-A-
-A-
9. Na motuka. By car,
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
ll|.. Liboso, bakotiya mabanga First, they will pour stone (s)
165
UNIT 16 LING A LA
-A-
-B-
-A-
lo. Mokobo yango nkombo mm? What's the name of the black-
colored material?
-B-
falanse French
'goudron tar
166
.
-A-
USEFUL PHRASES
Ml ball baakokunda tiyo ya gaz. The men are burying a gas pipe
167
UNIT 16 LING A LA
'gaz '
gas
NOTES
169
UNIT 16 LING A LA
mbele babongxsaka mosusu/, 'If you were to buy one (but you prob-
ably won't), then they would have the other one repaired'.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
k.
^ Avio ekomi.
I
The airplane has (just)
arrived.
7. Batu balalaka awa bazali The people who live here are
bans9 bamdu. all Negroes/Africans.
10. Basali bapasolaki nzila The workers who built the road
bakozonga lobi . will return tomorrow.
170
. .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
8. Bango
° banso baakokende na
I 1 1
They are all going to Coquil-
Coq na avio. 1-
hatville by plane.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
171
UNIT 16 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL h.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL $
172
— ..
^ya ——
telefon.
1 I I
poles
f f f * f f
beans
10. Mibali batondisaki libulu The men filled the hole with
na mabele. dirt. '
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
Pattern Drill 1
Pattern Drill 2
1. Soke
II''oyaka lelo, mbele
II I I
'
If you were to come today, I'd
napesaka yo nkama moko. give you a thousand francs.
2. Soki
— I
osombaka moko,
f f p
»-'
mbele
p
1— f f *
I
p
I
If you were to buy one, I'd give
napesaka
^ yo nkama moko.
II "^
I
you a thousand francs.
II babongisaka
mbele ° mosusu. I
repaired, they would have the
other one repaired.
* * A f f f f
5. Soki obongisaka ndako oyo, If you were to repair this house,
—
mbele okokaka kotekisa
1 • 1
you would be able to sell at
yango . a profit.
6.
—
—Soke
I
ozilaka sanza moko,
^' I — If you were to via it a month, you
mbele okokaka kotekisa
I I I
would be able to sell it at
yango. a profit.
8.
—Soki
I
ozalaka na nkoto moko,
I-' 1 — If you had a thousand francs,
mbele
II okendeke na Leo. III you could go to Leopoldville.
10.
—Soko
I— I
okende na Kmsasa,'
1 •
If you went to Leopoldville,
mbele okokaka kosomba you could buy some clothes.
bilamba
171;
. . .
Unit 17
isic Sentences
-A-
Ee.'
III' kanga
Sofele, ° motuka Hey.' Driver, stop your car
I
2. Eloko
I t
mm nasali ko Well, officer, what did I do?
gendarme? Nabomi motCi Did I kill somebody?
3. Ozali komona I
mwmda te?
I
Didn't you see the red light?
\\. Oyo ya motane epeli mpo What (do you think) red lights
na mm? are for?
-A-
-A-
-B-
12. Ma, yango oyo. Kasi namu Here, take it. But I haven't
nafuti mpaku ya mbula paid my tax this year yet.
oyo te.
-A-
-B-
komiseleI I
( coininissaire, commissioner, policeman
-A-
17. Te, napesa avasi, boongo No, let me give a deposit and
nakende koluka ndarnbo then let me go home to get
mosusu na mboka the rest.
-A-
makeleleI I I
quarrel, argument, sound
of voices, noise
USEFUL PHRASES
177
UNIT 17 LING A LA
-botolo
t I I
to take/snatch away,
confiscate, impound,
pillage
178
.
.
nkmga , n- bicycle
GRAMLATIGAL DRILL 1
179
UNIT 17 LING A LA
GRA.MMATICAL DRILL 2
ii.
"r Mokonzi amoni mwmda
,
The chief didn't see the red
motane te . light.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
180
.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
Pattern Drill 1
5.
-^ Nabandi kokitisa biloko
1— na I
I've only just started unloading
kamio kaka sika oyo. the truck.
181
UNIT 17 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
2.
I I —
Komisele abotoli ye buuku
1 I i^
The policeman took away his
ya mpaku . ID card.
3. Mobange oyo aboyi makelele. The old man doesn't like noise,
6. Mobange oyo afwandi awa tii The old man has been sitting
na ntongo . here since this morning.
7. Mopaya wana afwandi awa tii That stranger has been sitting
na ntongo here since this morning.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
182
. . . .
7. Tozali koluka mobali akangi VJe are looking for the man who
lopango . fenced the plot of ground.
8. Mopaya ayebi mobali akangi The visitor knows the man who
lopango IS getting engaged.
183
UNIT 18 LINGALA
Unit 18
.SIC Sentences
-A-
-B-
soolo
I I I
true, real, right; truth
2. Ee
I I
,
'
ezali ya soolo.
III "^
Ye s , tha t ' s true
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
iQk
.
-A-
7. Nam aponi langi ya ndako? Who chose the paint for your
house?
-A-
11, Na kati mpe ezali lokola Is the interior also the same
na libanda? color as the outside?
-B-
185
UNIT 18 LING A LA
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-B-
20, Malamu, nakei namu kolia, Good, I'm going to eat now,
tokokutana nsima. we'll see each other later.
USEFUL PHRASES
Komba ndako.
I
Sweep the floor.
187
UNIT Iti LING A LA
kuku kitchen
NOTES
Ezali ya soolo.
III•J
f f f * *
Ezali ya briki ya kotumba too ya simeti'2
/-zala ya/ means 'to consist of', 'be made out of', as m
188
. .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
GRAM^IATICAL DRILL 2
2.
* p
Motuka em.onanaka liboso
f f f f
The car was seen m front of
ya ndako. the house.
190
. . .
GRAm^TICAL DRILL 3
ndobo
I I
hook and line
GRAMI'-IATICAL DRILL k
1. 11^
Bokende kopesa mama maboko
It Go give mother a hand.
191
UNIT 18 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
2.
p f f p
Nakotisi motuka na kati
I
f
I parked the car m the yard/
ya lopango . driveway.
192
— . .. .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
— ——
loboko
I I I
ya mwasi.
<'
left.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 7
193
UNIT 18 LINGALA
bikombamaki. swept.
19^
.
Unit 19
Basic Sentences
-A-
1 Monika .'
Monique J
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-zoka to be injured, to be
touched
mosapi, mi-
195
UNIT 19 LING A LA
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
'ville '
city, town 5 downtown
-A-
11.
P P
Boongo, ookozila mm mpo Well, why are you waiting to
okende na munganga? !;o to the doctor's?
12. II
Nakokende nsima soko
11 I'll go later when I've finished
na sill SI komisukola. taking my bath.
-A-
-B-
196
. .
ll).. Mama, nakomisombela mpe I '11 also buy myself the pagne
liputa na litambala and headscarf that I saw.
namonaki
USEFUL PHRASES
Mama mokengeli
° I
aakomelisa I
The babysitter is feeding the
mwana moke miliki. baby milk.
197
UNIT 19 LING A LA
gbagba bridge
miliki milk
-bokolo
I I I
to bring up, raise, rear,
feed, breed (animal)
198
. .. . . . ,
NOTES
19.1 Reflexive
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
199
UNIT 19 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
Pattern Drill 1
200
. I . . .
5.
^ Nazali koinituna — I— azali
soko •
I wonder who he is.
nam .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
201
UNIT 1 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
7.
'
monoko
Namikati monsai na — I —— I I-
I cut my finger on the door.
ya ndako .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
20i|
BASIC COURSE UNIT 20
Unit 20
Basic Sentences
-A-
'ambassade '
embassy
1. Awa Ambassade ya Amerique'2 Is this the American Embassy'2
-B-
\
2. Yango mpenza. Ookoluka Indeed it is. What do you
mm? want?
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
205
UNIT 20 LING A LA
-B-
10. Mbula bom okouraela loina? How many years are you gom^
to stay?
-A-
•B-
12. Nam akofutela yo kelasi, Who will pay for your school-
baboti? ing, your parents?
-A-
-B-
tondo
I I
to wish, hope, thank
-B-
USEFUL PHRASES
207
UNIT 20 LINGALA
mbwa , m- dog
nkondoko, n- cat
NOTES
Nakanaki nakende
208
1 .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
14.. Nakei kosilisa mosala na ngai I 'm getting back to work. I 'm
209
UNIT 20 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
GRAMMATICAL DRILL \\
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
3.
-^
mokolo
Batambolitamboli — —
I I I
They walked the whole day.
mobimba
ii. Motu asalaki mokolo mobimba The man workea all day.
10. Apesi bango matambala ya She gave them some old head-
kala. scarfs .
Pattern Drill 1
211
UNIT 20 LING A LA
7. Ifo batondisa fisi liboso They had to fill out some forms
ya kokende . before leaving.
10. Ifo tobongola lelo mabele We have to plow the field today.
o lisala.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 7
^
li. Nakanaki nakende. 1 1-
I wish I could go.
o.
f ft
Naakokana kosomba motuka I wish I could buy a car next
na sanza ekoyaa . month.
212
.
213
UNIT 21 LING A LA
Unit 21
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
awa ezali te
-B-
1
L\.. Omoni na nse ya 10033*2 Did you look under the table?
na ns 3
-A-
-B-
211;
. .
-A-
•B-
-benda to draw/pull/move m/
out/up/of f/over
9. Kende kolokoto
I III nzete na Go get a stick outside to rake
libanda obenda ya it out with. I'm very tired,
(.yjango. Nalembi mmgi.
-A-
-B-
boye thus, so
-A-
215
UNIT 21 LING A LA
1[|. Soki boye, defisa ngai If that's the case, lend xne
-B-
USEFUL PHRASES
216
-
mpema , m- breath
'prise '
plug (electrical)
217
UNIT 21 LING A LA
pause, /,/, occurs between the two reference locations, or (3) one
reference location is m
a subordinate clause, e.g., (l) /Elali na
nse ya mesa kasi mpembeni ya ndako/, 'It's lying under the table
(but) next to the wall. ', (2) /Elali na nse ya mesa, mpembeni ya
ndako/, 'It's lying under the table (,) next to the wall', or (3)
/Bizalaki likolo ya buuku oyo ezalaki likolo ya mesa ./, 'They were
on the book ( which is) on the table .
21.2 Partitive
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
S' Ekomeli ya mai ya mokanda The pen fell under the table.
ekwei na nse ya mesa .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
\\. Bizalaki likolo ya buuku oyo They were on the book on the
ezalaki likolo ya mesa . table
f t r r t
5. Natiyaki yango likolo ya I put them on the book on the
buuku oyo ezalaki likolo table
ya mesa.
10. Ezali
A
namu
A
likolo ya mesa
A A
It's still m the dining room
na eteni ya kolia . on the table
Pattern Drill 1
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
o.
- AAA
Bosala oyo
A
nalobi na bmu.
A A
Do what I told you.
220
a +
8. Ebongi
— f moko
1
na kati na 1 — One of you has to finish the
A ^
^ f f
binu asilisa mosala work before night falls.
f f f f A
liboso molili eki-jeya .
Pattern Drill 2
* f f f * f
]\. Yaka obendisa ngai Come help me move the trunk.
sanduku.
Pattern Drill 3
222
.
Unit 22
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
2. Marensa. Olmsi
° okende I I
To Marensa. Where do you
wapi? want to go?
-A-
Ll. Okokoma, kasi noki te, mpo You'll get there, but not fast
okokita mbala raingi na because you'll (have to)
nzela change busses several times
on the way.
-A-
-B-
-A-
223
UNIT 22 LING A LA
-B-
-A-
-B-
10. Ezali malamu, mabe nde It's clean, only there's lots
mak^lele mmgi. of noise.
-A-
11. Longwa awa tii na Kimwenza Prom here to Kimwenza how many
baarrets bizali boni? stops are there?
-A-
13. Talela ngai namu kuna Look over there, isn't that
oyo wana bus ya Kimwenza? the bus to Kimwenza?
ZZh,
. .
USEFUL PHRASES
row.
mirror.
225
UNIT 22 LING A LA
NOTES
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1
6.
• ——
Okoteleme na arret mbala
I
The bus will stop (only) once.
moko
I I
226
)
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 2
7. Okomiyibisa
^ biloko
II —soko I — »-
If you go into the house, you'll
akoti na ndako. be responsible for anything
that ' s stolen.
227
UNIT 22 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
1 —
Motu moko alongoli
° mwaa
I-
Someone cut out a notch m the
ndambo ya libaya. wood.
f f ^ f f *
Motu moko afungolaki mas mi Someone turned on the washing
ya kosukola bilamba . machine
228
. . I
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 1^
^
Ll. Maso akotobola ndele I I I I
The mason will cut a window
linmisa na ndako ya m the dining room one of
kolia . these days.
5.
-^ Tanda ma toko
+
nyonso
!^—
na 1 1-
Spread all the mats m the
ndako ya kolia. dining room.
10. Nam atiki mesa ya bibende Who left the metal table
na libanda'2 outside?
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
1.
II mokolo ya kosukola
Lelo I I I
-^
Today is wash day.
bilaraba
2.
II mokolo
Lelo 111"^ya kobongisa
g 1
Today is housecleamng day.
ndako
229
UNIT 22 LING A LA
GRAW'IATICAL DRILL 6
2. Miifana oyo
^ aakokombo talatala
1 %
The child is wiping the mirror
na eteni ya elamba . with a piece of cloth.
230
.
231
UNIT 23 LING A LA
Unit 23
Basic Sentences
-A-
-B-
-A-
-B-
-A-
Nzambe God
Ndako-Nzambe church
232
, , .
-A-
-B-
-A-
-A-
-B-
USEFUL PHRASES
233
UNIT 23 LINGALA
Kangaka
° mosikitele. I I
Always keep the mosquito
netting closed.
/ / /
Nabotami na Zavie.
f
I was born m January.
^ f f
Nabotami na Fevlie.
^
-samba to plead
marriage ceremony
wolo gold
235
UNIT 23 LING A LA
ngelesa
"I I
Protestant, Salvation Army
(moustiquaire)
NOTES
GRA..MMATICAL DRILL 1
236
. . . . .
, f f f ^ ^
5. Baninga baakolongana lelo My friends are getting
na Ndako-Nzambe married at the church today.
8. Tata akokende 1 1
kobma na My father is going to dance
ndako ya Michel . at Michel 's.
GRAMIATICAL DRILL 2
237
UNIT 23 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
238
.
GRAMMTICAL DRILL 1;
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 5
p / / ^
1. Efelo ya ndako ebukani. The wall of the house collapsed.
239
UNIT 23 LING A LA
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
7. Tiyela ngai mpondu na loso Put me out some rice with manioc
ba Iambi na pilipili na leaves cooked with peppers
mafuta motane. and palm oil.
2i|0
.
10. Lakisa ye ekoti otikaki Show her the hat that you
lobi na mpokwa. left yesterday afternoon.
2i+l
UNIT 2[^ LINGALA
Unit 2i|
Basic Sentences
-A-
-A-
-A-
-A-
/ /
7. Lobela ngai mwaa makambo Tell me something about time,
elekaka ntangu wana.
21+2
BASIC COURSE UNIT 2k
-A-
-A-
13. Ndenge mm okoki koyeba How can you know if it's going
r
It mbula
soko
f r *
elmgi konoka? "I f f
to ram?
21^3
UNIT 21; LING A LA
USEFUL PHRASES
Akonaka kokoti. I I
He raises coconuts.
2I44
, . .
Abokolaka
II ngoinbe.
° I I
He keeps cows.
Abokolaka ntaba.
I I
He keeps goats.
Abokolaka
II merae
II He keeps sheep.
kokoti
I I
coconut, coconut palm
nguba , n- peanuts
ewele,' bi-
I I
small domestic animal,
sheep, goat
ntaba n- goat
mpata, m- sheep
^\\$
UNIT 2[| LINGALA
zelo
I I
sand
ndunda , n- vegetables
GRA,MMATICAL DRILL 1
3 .
f
Tozali na basanga zomi
^ f *
We have twelve months m a
5. Lobe la ngai mwaa makambo mpo Tell me something about the wet
na eleko ya mbula na eleko and dry seasons.
ya elanga.
21^6
1
GRAIMATICAL DRILL 2
2i|7
UNIT 21; LING A LA
——
soko mabele ezali
I I
inalainu. IS good.
f f f * f
Soko mabele ezali malamu
I I
If the soil IS good, plants
bilona bikokola mbangu . grow rapidly.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 3
2. mokolo ya mosala
Lobi — I ——
I I <^
Tomorrow is Friday.
mitanu .
3.
-^
Nakosala te mokolo
III''ya I
I won't work Friday.
mosala mitanu.
5.
^ Akendeki na Stade Baudoum
1 1
He didn't go to the Stade Baudom
t^ na ntongo mpe na either m the morning or m
mpokwa the afternoon.
6. Akendeki na Stade Baudom
I I
He didn't go to the Stade
te
I
lobi na ntongo.
H-l- 1
Baudom yesterday morning.
7. Okoyaa lobi na ntongo. You will come tomorrow morning.
2i;8
. .
GRAMMATICAL DRILL k
GRAm-lATICAL DRILL 5
211-9
UNIT 2l| LING A LA
10. Ndako na bisu etongamaka Our house was built before the
liboso ya etiomba . war.
GRAMMATICAL DRILL 6
2^0
.
251
LING A LA
GLOSSARY
ai oh, hey
'Anglais '
English
ata ndele I I
much later
-bakisa to add
252
BASIC COURSE
mbala, m- potato
mibale two
253
LING A LA
mbele
I I
then; perhaps; else, otherwise
introducing mam clause of
hypothetical supposition
mbeli, m- knife
-bemba to travel
251;
BASIC COURSE
'besom '
need
-bma to dance
mbisi, m- fish
2^5
LING A LA
256
'
BASIC COURSE
mbotama, m- birth
'bourgmestre mayor
257
LING A LA
-bungisela to lose
'bureau office
258
' ' '
LING A LA
'chec check
'
chutes rapids
'cravate necktie
Ndako-Nzambe church
259
LING A LA
ndenge mm how
madesii beans
I
nd mga, n- language
(See--lingxsa) authorization
ndobo, n- fishing, fish hook
ndunda , n vegetables
'election' election
essence gasoline
260
BASIC COURSE UNIT
lit' fevele
fiefele, III (fievre! fever
-fungwamaka to be opened
ngai sour(ness)
'gare '
station
261
LING A LA
'gendarme policeman
boongo thus, so
'goudron tar
'gouvernement government
nguba , n- peanut ( s)
-gumbaira to be bent/folded/stooped
262
BASIC COURSE
mai-mai liquid
still, yet
-kalwana to be separated/divided/dis-
tributed
kaka only
263
LING A LA
-kangema to be closed
-kangwama to be opened
26i|
BASIC COURSE UNIT
kawa coffee
265
LING A LA
lokele , n- spoon
makelele
I I I
quarrel, argimient, sound of
voices, noise
-kende
I I
to go, go away; die
nakmga, n- bicycle
kiti chair
266
BASIC COURSE
person
kitoko
t I
beauty, beautiful, pretty, fine;
delicious, clean, neat
moko
I t
one; certain, some
kolongonu health
267
LING A LA
- komama to be written
nkondoko , n- cat
268
BASIC COURSE
-kotisa
t
to cause to enter, insert,
put m
nkoto thousand
lawsuit
269
LING A LA
lelo today
-lia to eat
libwa nine
miliki milk
271
LING A LA
-lobela to speak to
-lobo
I I
to fish
272
'
BASIC COURSE
loso rice
lutu spoon
ma of, belonging to
'mecancien mechanic
medicine
273
LING A LA
-memeI I
to carry, transport
-memele
I I I
to carry for someone
mesa table
-mono, -mona
I I
' I
to see, feel, observe
mmei four
271+
BASIC COURSE
275
LING A LA
'Parlementaire '
, ba- member of Parliament
mpata, m- sheep
mpema , m- breath
276
)
BASIC COURSE
mpio, m- cold
mpo na mm why
vegetable
mpongi, m- sleep
277
LING A LA
'president' president
'pull-over sweater
278
BASIC COURSE
- samba to plead
nsambo seven
279
LINGALA
'secretaire secretary
BASIC COURSE
281
LING A LA
- sombama to be purchased
nsoso, n- chicken
bisu we
rnosuki, n- hair
282
BASIC COURSE
ntaba, n- goat
283
LING A LA
te //te// no t , no
281^
BASIC COURSE
telefon
III (telephone)
^ telephone
- teleme
I I I
to stop, stand up; insist
tembele (timbre)
I I I
postage-stamp
til tea
285
LING A LA
too or
motoba six
286
BASIC COURSE
tomato to ma to
- tondisa to fill
- tonga to build
ntuku, n- ten
287
LING A LA
'universite university
'ville '
city, town; downtown; Kalma,
the business and European
sectiori of Leopoldville
vmu wine
'voiture automobile
- 'voter '
to vote
of, at
wolo gold
of, belonging to
289
LING A LA
-yemba to sing
-miyibisa .
to cause to be one's possession,
to be stolen
nyongo, n- debt
290
,
BASIC COURSE
-zala na to have
Nzambe God
zelo
t 1
sand
291
BASIC COURSE
nzoku, n- elephant
zomi ten
PROPER NAMES
'Americam American
'Amerique America
California California
292
a ' )
LING A LA
Kimwenza Kimwenza
Kongo Congo
Ma la SI (mars) March
'Michel Michel
'Pierre '
Pierre