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1. The science that deals with heredity and variation.

a. Genetics
b. Traits
c. Heredity
d. Generation microbiology

2. A unit of heredity.
a. Heredity
b. Traits
c. Gene
d. attitude

3. An Austrian monk, who discovered that hereditary characteristics are determine by

units or factors that are transmitted through generations.
a. Gregor Mendel
b. Charles Darwin
c. Hippocrates
d. Aristotle

4. This study the cell structures involved in heredity.

a. Cytogenetic
b. Biotechnology
c. Cytology
d. Biology

5. Study the structure and function of DNA.

a. Epigenetic
b. Population genetics
c. Cytogenetics
d. Molecular genetics

6. This shows how breeding methods, mutation, and other factors affect the frequency
of various genes in human, animal, and plant populations.
a. Molecular genetics
b. Population genetics
c. Genetics population
d. none

7. This involves altering and rearranging the genes of an organism.

a. Biotechnology
b. Engineering
c. Genetic engineering
d. Mechanical engineering
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8. The identification of the genetic material and the manner and ways by which gene
manifestations are inherited, was gained through _______________ and
______________.
a. Experimentation
b. Microscopic studies
c. all of the above
d. none of the above

9. Methods of genetics study:

a. planned breeding experiment/ statistical analysis
b. probability/pedigree analysis
c. all of the above
d. B only

10. These have no nuclear membrane that separates the contents of the cytoplasm
from the nucleus.
a. chromomeres
b. centromere
c. eukaryotes
d. prokaryotes

11. These have nuclear membrane that separates the genetic material from the
cytoplasm.
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
c. chromomeres
d. centromeres

12. A knob-like region, which show distinct sizes and occupy specific position giving
non-homologous chromosomes.
a. chromomeres
b. nucleotides
c. organelle
d. cytoplasm

13. A small chromosomal section, which constrictions can be found in some

chromosomes with results from pinching off.
a. nucleus
b. satellite
c. matrix
d. centromere

14. This contains diploid numbers of chromosomes.

a. Mature germ cell
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b. haploid
c. Somatic cell or body cell
d. diploid

15. This contain haploid which only half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells.
a. Somatic cells
b. haploid
c. diploid
d. germ cell

16. The largest diploid number is found in protozoa with _____________.

a. 2
b. 46
c. 32
d. 300 or more

17. Diploid number of carpv-

a. 104
b. 36
c. 20
d. 32

18. Diploid number of starfish-

a. 38
b. 45
c. 36
d. 23

19. Diploid number of green algae -

a. 1
b. 20
c. 46
d. 109

20. The phases in the process of mitosis which is characterized by the alignment of the
chromosomes at the equatorial plane.
a. Prophase
b. Interphase
c. Anaphase
d. Metaphase

21. The phase in the process of mitosis which the sister chromatid separate and move
as daughter chromosomes to the splindle poles.
a. Interphase
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b. Anaphase
c. Metaphase
d. Prophase

22. The phases in the process of mitosis which consist of process associated with
growth and preparation of mitosis.
a. Prophase
b. Interphase
c. Anaphase
d. Metaphase

23. The phases in the process of mitosis which chromosomal fibers extend from one
pole to each chromosome.
a. Metaphase
b. Interphase
c. Prophase
d. Anaphase

24. The process by which chromosomes are separated during the formation of sex cells
and their number, reduced from the diploid to the haploid condition.
a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis
c. Nuclear division
d. Cell division

25. A number, as well as size and shape of the chromosomes of a species.

a. Karyotype
b. Karyokenisis
c. Cytokinesis
d. Diakenisis

26. The point at which exchange of the material occurs between nonsister chromatids is
evidenced by more or less X- shaped configurations.
a. organelle
b. Cytoplasm
c. Chiasmata
d. Cell plate

27. The two sister's chromatids connected together in their centromere regions.
a. Monads
b. Dyads
c. Chromatids
d. Tetrad
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28. Each chromatid separates from its sisters and moves to the opposite pole.
a. Dyads
b. Tetrads
c. Chromatids
d. Monads

29. The cross by which involves contrasting expressions of one trait.

a. Dihydrid cross
b. Monohybrid cross
c. Hybrid cross
s. Testcross

30. An inherited factor that determines a biological characteristics of an organism.

a. allele
b. gene
c. gamete
d. genome

31. The two individual genes in a particular gene pair.

a. gamete
b. alleles
c. recessive
d. dominant

32. A gene pair in an organism contains two identical alleles.

a. Dominance
b. Heterozygous
c. Homozygous
d. Recessive

33. The two different alleles are present in a single gene pair.
a. Dominance
b. Recessive
c. Heterozygous
d. Homozygous

34. This refer to the appearance of an organism or all biological appearances , including
chemical structural, and behavioral attitudes, that one can observe about an organism
but excludes its genetics constitution.
a. Genotype
b. Phenotype
c. Karyotype
d. Homozygote
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35. This refers to the genetics factors that influence the appearance or define only the
complement of genetic material that an organism inherits from its parent.
a. Genotype
b. Phenotype
c. Heterozygote
d. Homozygote

36. The determination of the dominant and the recessive genes allows one to predict
the characteristics of the offspring of a given cross.
a. Dihybrid cross
b. Monohybrid cross
c. Hybrid cross
d. Testcross or backcross

37. This laws hold the probability of the simultaneously occurrence of two independent
events equal the product of the probabilities of their separate occurrences.
a. Principle of segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Mendel’s Law of Segregation
d. Product Law of Probability

38. This illustrated where the heterozygote exhibits a mixture of the phenotypic
characters of both homozygotes, instead of a single intermediate expression.
a. Codominance
b. Dominance
c. Complete dominance
d. Incomplete dominance

39. This is one that causes of the death of an organism.

a. Dominant lethal
b. Lethal gene
c. Modifier gene
d. Gene interaction

40. Genes that change the phenotypic effects of other genes in a quantitative fashion.
a. Gene interaction
b. Phenotype
c. Modifier gene
d. Genotype

41. One of the common diagrams used to predict the result of crossbreeding.
a. Pearson’s square
b. Punnett square
c. Chi-square
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d. Analysis of Variance

42. Modifiers which exist and completely suppress the phenotypic expression of the
mutant gene -
a. Suppressors
b. Modifier genes
c. Complete dominance
d. Incomplete dominance

43. The degree to which an organism's genes contribute to a complex trait.

a. Hereditary
b. Heredity
c. Heritability
d. Genetics

44. The full set of hereditary material in an organism.

a. Genotype
b. Genome
c. Phenotype
d. Epistasis

45. The organism that have only one copy of each chromosome.
a. Diploid
b. Haploid
c. Allele
d. Recessive

46. The organism contains two of each chromosome and thus two copies of every
gene.
a. dominance
b. recessive
c. haploid
d. diploid

47. The process by which the cells divided, full genome is copied and each daughter cell
inherits one copy and it simplest form of reproduction and basis for asexual
reproduction.
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. cell division
d. nuclear division

48. The offspring that is genetically identical to their parents.

a. gene
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b. clones
c. allele
d. recessive

49. This law state that genes for different characters are inherited independently of one
another or that member of one pair of alleles segregate independently to the other
pairs.
a. Principle of Segregation
b. Product Law of Probability
c. Law of Independent Assortment
d. Mendel’s law of Segregation

50. The mating of individuals differing in two pairs of genes.

a. dihybrid cross
b. monohybrid cross
c. backcross
d. hybrid cross

51. The type of interaction whereby one gene pair hide the effect of the other and the
novel phenotype does not appear.
a. epistasis
b. recessive epistasis
c. phenotypic
d. duplicate dominant epistasis

52. Any one of three or more genes may occupy a given locus in a particular pair of
homologous chromosomes.
a. multiple alleles
b. allele
c. homozygote
d. homozygous

53. A number of genes seem to be involved in the rejection or tolerance of tissue

transplants.
a. Histocompatibility genes or loci
b. modifier genes
c. dominant
d. recessive

54. These define as genes with a small effect on a particular character that can
supplement each other to produce observable quantitative changes.
a. phenotype
b. recessive
c. trait
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d. polygenes

55. This is a group of related symptoms characterizing a certain disease.

a. sign
b. symptoms
c. disease
d. illness

56. A condition where some hermaphrodites show cells containing both XX and XY
chromosomes.
a. Genetic mosaicism
b. Genetic dilution
c. Genetic hybrid
d. Genetic frequency

57. Linkage where genes are so closely associated that they are always inherited
together, linkage between them.
a. Incomplete linkage
b. Sex linkage
c. Complete linkage
d. X-linked gene

58. Linkage where not complete and genes pairs assort at least partially independent of
each other -
a. Incomplete linkage
b. Complete linkage
c. Sex-linked inheritance
d. Sex linkage

59. The process of exchange of part between the homologous chromosomes.

a. Shipment
b. Inversion
c. Back cross
d. Crossing-over

60. The genes that located exclusively on the X-chromosomes.

a. Sex-linked genes
b. Mutator genes
c. Holandric genes
d. Sex-limited genes

61. Genes that occur only on the Y chromosome can produce their effect only in males.
a. Sex-linked genes
b. Mutator genes
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c. Holandric genes
d. Sex-limited genes

62. These are those whose phenotypic expression is determined by the presence or
absence of one of the sex hormones.
a. Sex-limited genes
b. Sex-influenced genes
c. Sex-linked genes
d. Sex-linkage

63. These are those whose dominance is influenced by the sex of the bearer.
a. Sex-limited genes
b. Sex-influenced genes
c. Sex-limited genes
d. Complete linkage

64. The relationship between sex determination and presence of particular

chromosomes.
a. Sex-linkage genes
b. Sex-limited linkage
c. Sex-linkage
d. Incomplete linkage

65. This refers to changes involving the whole genome or the entire set of
chromosomes.
a. Aeuploidy
b. polyploidy
c. Euploidy
d. allopolyploid

66. This is occurring when one or more chromosomes of normal set are lacking of
characterized by incomplete genome.
a. allopolyploid
b. euploidy
c. aeuploidy
d. polyploidy

67. These refer to any organism in which the number of complete set exceeds that of
the diploid.
a. polyploid
b. aeuploidy
c. allotetraploid
d. allopolyploid
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68. This is occurring when polyploids may develop and be developed from hybrids
between different species.
a. polyploidy
b. euploidy
c. allopolyploids
d. allotetraploid

69. This refers to the organism which has two genomes from each of the two ancestral
species.
a. allotetraploids
b. allopolyploids
c. polyploidy
d. euploidy

70. The presence of a section in chromosomes in excess of the normal amount.

a. Inversion
b. Duplication or Repeats
c. Translocation
d. Transversion

71. The rotation of a chromosome segment to a full 1800

a. Transversion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation
d. Duplication

72. The transfer of a location of one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome.

a. Transversion
b. Translocation
c. Inversion
d. Repeats

73. This refers to the point mutation or a result of base pair substitution.
a. Mutation
b. Modifier genes
c. Mutagenic agent
d. Gene mutation

74. These refer to genes that cause cancer.

a. Edward's syndrome
b. Down Syndrome
c. Controlling element
d. Oncogenes
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75. The sequence of bases in one strand of the double helix accurately predicts the
sequence of bases in the other complementary strand.
a. Replication fork
b. Transfer RNA
c. Genetic Information
d. DNA Replication

76. The junction between the separate strands and the remaining double helix.
a. Replication fork
b. DNA replication
c. Genetic information
d. Transfer RNA

77. These carried by DNA from cell to cell and from generation to generation.
a. Heredity
b. Evolution
c. Genetics
d. Genetic information

78. An intermediate molecule that carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to
the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
a. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
b. Ribonucleic Acid
c. Ribosomal RNA
d. Transfer RNA

79. These refer to the information stored in DNA and ultimately translated into amino
acid sequence of proteins.
a. Transfer RNA
b. Messenger RNA
c. Genetic Information
d. Genetic code

80. A messenger RNA triplet that code for each amino acid.
a. code
b. codon
c. ribosome
d. cytoplasm

81. This has been named transcription, meaning "to copy over".
a. Ribosomal RNA
b. Messenger RNA
c. Transfer RNA
d. RNA synthesis
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82. A long, single-stranded molecule that includes the codons that will be translated
into the amino acid sequence of a protein.
a. Ribosomal RNA
b. Transfer RNA
c. RNA synthesis
d. Messenger RNA

83. A complex molecules, twisted about into a shape something like three-leaf clover
with a stem.
a. RNA synthesis
b. Ribosomal RNA
c. Messenger RNA
d. Transfer RNA

84. This refers to which the genes for relations function lie next to one another.
a. Operons
b. Exons
c. Introns
d. Enhancer

85. This is the coding segments which are express in protein.

a. Introns
b. Exons
c. Operons
d. Enhancer

86. This is the non-coding segment which they intervene between the exons.
a. Exons
b. Enhancer
c. Introns
d. Operons

87. This regulates binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

a. Enhancer
b. Exons
c. Operons
d. Introns

88. This referred to as recombinant DNA or molecular cloning.

a. Cloning
b. Hybridization
c. Recombinant DNA technology
d. Genetic engineering
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89. An offspring possessing of only maternal chromosome -

a. gynogen
b. transgenic
b. genome
d. hybrid

90. Which of the following is the most salt tolerant tilapia species?
a. Java tilapia
b. Nile tilapia
c. Oreochromis hornotum
d. Oreochromis aureus

91. The method of chromosomal manipulation wherein both set of chromosomes came
from paternal parent.
a. polyploidy
b. haploidy
c. transgenesis
d. androgenesis

92. Synthetic male hormones that is used for direct hormonal sex reversal to sexually
undifferentiated tilapia -
a. super phosphate
b. methyl estrogen
c. methyl testosterone
d. propyl testosterone

93. A group of individuals derived from a common genetic origin -

a. strain
b. phylogeny
c. transgenic
d. stock

94. A mating in which a hybrid is crossed with a parental type -

a. sex reversal
b. back cross
c. gynogen
d. transgenic

95. Male parent in a cross -

a. dame
b. sire
c. breeder
d. smolt
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96. An approach to selective breeding where top performing individuals from a mixed
population are selected -
a. mass selection
b. hybridization
c. inbreeding method
d. transgenic manipulation

97. A technique for genetic improvement where a specific recombinant genes is

inserted for rapid improvement of growth (when inserted with specific genes associated
with growth control).
a. ploidy manipulation
b. hybridization
c. androgenetic
d. transgenic manipulation

98. A selection method which aim to reduce variation within a population -

a. directional selection
b. stabilizing selection
c. disruptive selection
d. random selection

99. The spontaneous process that produces a gene or chromosome set differing from
the wild-type -
a. mutation
b. gene transfer
b. cloning
d. genetic manipulation

100. In this system, sex is determined by the presence of Y chromosome -

a. Heterogametic male/ homogametic female system
b. Homogametic male/ heterogametic female system
c. Autosomal system
d. Environmental system
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1. a 26. c 51. a 76. a

2. c 27. b 52. a 77. d
3. a 28. d 53. a 78. b
4. a 29. b 54. d 79. d
5. d 30. b 55. b 80. b
6. b 31. b 56. a 81. d
7. c 32. c 57. c 82. d
8. c 33. c 58. a 83. d
9. c 34. d 59. d 84. a
10. d 35. a 60. a 85. b
11. b 36. d 61. c 86. c
12. a 37. d 62. a 87. a
13. b 38. a 63. b 88. d
14. c 39. b 64. c 89. a
15. b 40. c 65. c 90. a
16. d 41. b 66. c 91. d
17. a 42. b 67. a 92. c
18. c 43. c 68. c 93. a
19. b 44. b 69. a 94. b
20. d 45. b 70. b 95. b
21. b 46. d 71. b 96. a
22. b 47. b 72. b 97. d
23. c 48. b 73. d 98. b
24. a 49. c 74. d 99. a
25. a 50. a 75. d 100. a