Acids & Bases

1. For the following reaction of benzoic acid (HOBz) with water,

HOBz + H2O <==> H3O+ + OBz-

which of the following statements is correct?

a. HOBz and H3O+ are a conjugate acid/base pair.

b. HOBz and OBz- are a conjugate acid/base pair.
c. HOBz and H2O are a conjugate acid/base pair.
d. H2O and OBz- are a conjugate acid/base pair.
e. H2O and H3O+ are the only conjugate acid/base pair in the reaction.
2. What is the pH of a solution that contains 2.5 x 10-5 M hydronium ion?
3. What is the molar concentration of hydroxide ion, [OH-], in a water solution that contains
2.5 x 10-4 hydronium ion (H3O+)?
4. What is the molar hydroxide ion concentration, [OH-], in a solution with pH = 7.63?
5. For the following reaction of acetic acid (HOAc) with water,

HOAc + H2O <==> H3O+ + OAc-

which of the following statements is correct?

a. HOAc and H3O+ are a conjugate acid/base pair.

b. HOAc and H2O are a conjugate acid/base pair.
c. H2O and OAc- are a conjugate acid/base pair.
d. HOAc and OAc- are a conjugate acid/base pair.
6. Calculate the pH of a 0.042 M solution of hydrobromic acid (HBr).
7. If we gradually increase the concentration of a strong acid in water without changing the
volume significantly, then the:
a. concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ion will both increase.
b. concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ion will both decrease.
c. hydronium ion concentration will decrease and the hydroxide ion concentration
will increase.
d. hydronium ion concentration will increase and the hydroxide ion concentration
will decrease.
e. concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ion will be unaffected.
8. Which of the following is the conjugate base of H2PO4- ?
a. H3PO4
b. HPO4-
c. HPO42-
d. PO43-
e. PO42-
9. The scale on the pH meter used in the laboratory ranges from pH = 0 to pH = 14. The
range of hydronium ion concentrations represented by this scale is:
 a. 14 fold.
b. 1 x 107 fold.
c. 1 x 10-7 fold.
d. 1 x 1014 fold.
e. none of the above is correct.
10. Which of the following is NOT a Bronsted-type acid-base reaction?
a. NH3 (aq) + H3O+ (aq) <=> NH4+ (aq) + H2O (l)
b. OH- (aq) + HNO3 (aq) <=> H2O (l) + NO3- (aq)
c. HSO4- (aq) + NH3 (aq) <=> NH4+ (aq) + SO42- (aq)
d. Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) <=> Zn2+ (aq) + H2 (g) + 2 Cl- (aq)
e. 2 H2O (l) <=> H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
11. If it takes 1.0 gram of solid NaOH (a strong base) to change the pH of a solution
containing a strong acid from 1 to 2, how much solid NaOH (in g) would be needed to
change the pH of this solution from 2 to 3? You may assume that there is no change in
the volume of the solution.
12. What is the hydroxide ion concentration in a 1.0 x 10-4 M solution of HCl?
13. Consider a solution that is prepared by dissolving 2.6 g of hydrogen iodide (HI,
MW=127.9 g/mol) in enough pure water to make 1.0 L of solution. Calculate:

i. the total hydronium ion concentration (i.e., [H3O+]total).

ii. the pH of the solution.
iii. the total hydroxide ion concentration (i.e., [OH-]total).
iv. the hydroxide ion concentration that results from the dissociation of water (i.e.,
[OH-]water).
v. the pOH.
2. Calculate the pH and pOH in a solution that contains a hydronium ion (H3O+)
concentration of 2.3 x 10-4 M.

a. pH = 3.64, pOH = 3.64

b. pH = 10.36, pOH = 3.64
c. pH = 4.0, pOH = 10.0
d. pH = 3.64, pOH = 10.36
e. pH = 7.00, pOH = 7.00
2. Why is it necessary to take the acid-base properties of water into account when
computing the hydronium ion concentration of very dilute solutions of strong acids?
a. The hydroxide ion produced from the dissociation of water reacts with most of the
hydronium ion produced from the acid.
b. The dissociation constant for water is larger in dilute rather than in concentrated
solutions of acids.
c. The acids do not dissociate completely in dilute solutions.
d. The amount of hydronium ion produced by the dissociation of water is significant
compared to that produced by the acid.
e. The conjugate base of the strong acid reacts with the hydroxide ion produced
from the dissociation of water.
3. Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.9 x 10-5 moles of HCl in 1.0 L of
pure water.
 a. 3.77
b. 4.77
c. 4.23
d. 10.23
e. none of these are correct to within 5% because dissociation of water must be
taken into account.
4. What is the hydroxide concentration in a solution with pH = 5.14?
a. 1.0 x 10-14
b. 1.4 x 10-2
c. 1.4 x 10-9
d. 7.2 x 10-6
e. 5.2 x 10-9
5. Given this equilibrium reaction,

NH3 + H2O <==> NH4+ + OH-

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, which species are considered acids?

a. Both NH3 and OH-

b. Both NH3 and NH4+
c. Both H2O and NH3
d. Both H2O and OH-
e. Both H2O and NH4+
6. Which of the following reactions is not considered an acid/base reaction?
a. 2HCl + Mg --> MgCl2 + H2
b. 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 --> MgCl2 + 2H2O
c. 2HCl + MgO --> MgCl2 + H2O
d. HCl + H2O --> H3O+ + Cl-
7. The following compounds can be considered bases according to Bronsted-Lowry theory.
Which compound is not a base according to Arrhenius' definition?
a. Ca(OH)2
b. Na2O
c. H2O
d. RbOH
2-
8. HPO4 is a Bronsted acid. Which of the following would be the conjugate base of this
acid?
a. H3PO4
b. H2PO4-
c. PO43-
d. H3O+
e. OH-
9. How many grams of HCl (molar mass = 36.5 g/mol) are needed to make 250 mL of a
strong acid solution having a pH equal to 1.00?
10. NH2- is a Bronsted base. Which of the following would be the conjugate acid of this
base?
a. H2O
 b. H3O+
c. OH-
d. NH3
e. NH2-
11. Which of the following substances is NOT an Arrhenius base?
a. H2O
b. MgO
c. NaOH
d. Ca(OH)2
e. KOH
12. Which of the following reactions IS a Bronsted acid-base reaction?
a. NaCl(s) <==> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
b. 2Cu+(aq) <==> Cu(s) + Cu2+(aq)
c. Cu2+(aq) + 4F-(aq) <==> CuF42-(aq)
d. NH3(g) + H2O(l) <==> NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
e. 2NO2(g, nitrogen dioxide) <==> N2O4(g, dinitrogen tetroxide)
13. Consider the following equilibrium reaction,

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) <==> NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, which species are considered bases?

a. both NH3 and NH4+

b. both NH3 and OH-
c. both H2O and NH3
d. both H2O and OH-
e. both H2O and NH4+
14. Which of the following species is the CONJUGATE BASE of HCO3-?
a. H2CO3
b. HCO32-
c. H3O+
d. CO32-
e. OH-
15. Calculate the pH of a 0.88 MOLAL solution of perchloric acid (HClO4, a strong acid).
The density of the solution is 1.05 g/mL.
a. 0.056
b. 0.071
c. 0.092
d. 0.88
e. 1.2
16. Calculate the concentration (in M) of HCl that would be needed to make an aqueous
solution of HCl with a pH of 4.3.
17. What are the products of the following Bronsted acid-base reaction?

HCO3-(aq) + F-(aq) <=> ?

 a. CO2(g) + H2O(l)
b. H2CO3(aq) + HF(aq)
c. CO32-(aq) + HF(aq)
d. H3O+(aq) + HF(aq)
e. F2(g) + H3O+(aq)
18. Consider the following data,
solution conductance (uS)
0.0050 M HCl
1930
(hydrochloric acid, Ka = 1 x 106)
0.0050 M CH3CO2H
134
(acetic acid, Ka = 1.8 x 10-5)
19. The conductance of the HCl solution is greater than the conductance of the CH3CO2H
solution because:
a. HCl reacts with water to produce a lesser quantity of ions in solution than the
reaction of CH3CO2H with water.
b. HCl reacts with water to produce a greater quantity of ions in solution than the
reaction of CH3CO2H with water.
c. HCl is a weaker acid than CH3CO2H.
d. the dissociation of water makes a more significant contribution to [H3O+]total in the
HCl solution than in the CH3CO2H solution.
e. the conjugate base of HCl is a stronger base than the conjugate base of CH3CO2H.
20. In order for a chemical substance to be able to function as a Bronsted base, the substance
must contain:
a. at least one H atom.
b. at least one O atom.
c. at least one N atom.
d. at least one OH group.
e. at least one unshared pair of electrons.
21. The concentration of NaOH (a strong base) in water is gradually increased without
changing the volume significantly. Which of the following describes what happens to the
concentrations of H3O+ and OH-, the pH and the pOH?
concentration of H3O+ concentration of OH- pH pOH
(a) increases increases increases decreases
(b) increases decreases increases decreases
(c) increases decreases decreases increases
(d) decreases decreases decreases increases
(e) decreases increases increases decreases
22. Consider the following reaction,

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) <==> NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Which of the following pairs IS a conjugate acid-base pair in this reaction?

 a. NH3 ; H2O
b. NH4+ ; OH-
c. NH3 ; NH4+
d. H2O ; NH4+
e. None of these.
23. Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.13 g of NaOH (a strong base) in
enough water to produce 100 mL of solution.
24. Calculate the concentration of H3O+ from the dissociation of water (i.e., [H3O+]water) in the
solution described in the preceding question.
25. The concentration of HNO3 (a strong acid) in water is gradually increased without
changing the volume significantly. Which of the following describes what happens to the
concentrations of H3O+ and OH-, the pH and the pOH?
concentration of H3O+ concentration of OH- pH pOH
(a) increases increases increases decreases
(b) increases decreases increases decreases
(c) decreases increases increases decreases
(d) decreases decreases decreases increases
(e) increases decreases decreases increases
26. What are the products of the following Bronsted acid-base reaction?

HSO4-(aq) + S2-(aq) <=> ?

a. SO3(g) + H2O(l)
b. H2SO4(aq) + S3-(aq)
c. SO42-(aq) + HS-(aq)
d. H3O+(aq) + H2S(aq)
e. H2S(aq) + H2O(l)

Answers
1. B
2. 4.60
3. 4.0 x 10-11
4. 4.26 x 10-7
5. D
6. 1.4
7. D
8. C
9. D
10. D
11. 1.0 x 10-1
12. 1 x 10-10
13.
 i. 0.020
ii. 1.7
iii. 5.0 x 10-13
iv. 5.0 x 10-13
v. 12.3
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. E
19. A
20. B
21. C
22. 0.912
23. D
24. B
25. D
26. B
27. D
28. B
29. 5.0 x 10-5
30. C
31. B
32. E
33. E
34. C
35. 13.7
36. 1.9 x 10-14
37. E
38. C