Ref. Title Page No.

6.1 Description 6-1

6.1.1 Summary 6-1
6.1.2 Definitions 6-1
6.1.3 Submittals 6-1
6.1.4 Quality Assurance 6-1
6.1.5 Delivery, Storage, and Handling 6-2
6.1.6 Coordination 6-2

6.2 Materials 6-2

6.2.1 Structural-Steel Materials and Steel
Railings 6-2
6.2.2 Bolts, Connectors, and Anchors 6-2
6.2.3 Grout 6-3
6.2.4 Fabrication 6-3
6.2.5 Shop Connections 6-4
6.2.6 Source Quality Control 6-4

6.3 Construction Requirements 6-4

6.3.1 Examination 6-4
6.3.2 Preparation 6-5
6.3.3 Erection 6-5
6.3.4 Orthotropic-Deck Super Structure 6-5
6.3.5 Field Connections 6-6
6.3.6 Field Quality Control 6-6

6.4 Method of Measurement 6-6

6.5 Basis of Payments 6-7
6.6 Items in the Bill of Quantities 6-7
6.1 Description
6.1.1 Summary
1 This Section describes:
i. Structural steel.
ii. Grout.
iii. Steel pipe and tube railings.
6.1.2 Definitions
1 Structural Steel: Elements of structural-steel frame,
as classified by AISC 303, ‘Code of Standard Practice for
Steel Buildings and Bridges.’
2 Seismic-Load-Resisting System (SLRS): Elements of
structural-steel frame shown on the Drawings, designated
as ‘SLRS’ or along grid lines designated as "SLRS" on
Drawings, including columns, beams, and braces and their
connections.
3 Heavy Sections: Rolled and built-up sections as
follows:
i. Shapes included in ASTM A 6/A 6M with
flanges thicker than 38 mm.
ii. Welded built-up members with plates thicker
than 50 mm.
iii. Column base plates thicker than 50 mm.
4 Protected Zone: Structural members or portions of
structural members indicated as ‘Protected Zone’ on
Drawings. Connections of structural and nonstructural
elements to protected zones are limited.
5 Demand Critical Welds: Those welds, the failure of
which would result in significant degradation of the
strength and stiffness of the Seismic-Load-Resisting
System and which are indicated as ‘Demand Critical’ or
‘Seismic Critical’ on Drawings.
6.1.3 Submittals
1 Product Data: Submit data for each type of product
specified or shown on the Drawings or as directed by the
Engineer.
2 LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) :Submit the following as directed by the Engineer
i. Product data for Credit MR 4.1
Credit MR 4.2. For products having recycled
content, include documentation indicating
percentages by weight of post-consumer and
pre-consumer recycled content and a statement
indicating costs for each product having recycled
content.
3 Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings as required
by the specification and directed by the Engineer to show
fabrication of structural-steel components.
i. Include details of cuts, connections, splices,
camber, holes, and other pertinent data.
ii. Include embedment drawings.
iii. Indicate welds by standard AWS symbols,
distinguishing between shop and field welds,
and show size, length, and type of each weld.
Show backing bars that are to be removed and
supplemental fillet welds where backing bars are
to remain.
iv. Indicate type, size, and length of bolts,
distinguishing between shop and field bolts.
Identify pre-tensioned and slip-critical high-
strength bolted connections.
v. Identify members and connections of the
seismic-load-resisting system.
vi. Indicate locations and dimensions of protected
zones.
vii. Identify demand critical welds.
4 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) and
Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs): Provide details
according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M, ‘Structural Welding Code -
Steel’ for each welded joint qualified by testing, including
the following:
i. Power source (constant current or constant
voltage).
ii. Electrode manufacturer and trade name, for
demand critical welds.
5 Qualification Data: Submit details for qualified
Installer, fabricator, professional engineer, and testing
agency.
6 Welding certificates.
7 Paint Compatibility Certificates: Submit certificates
from manufacturers of topcoats applied over shop primers,
certifying that shop primers are compatible with topcoats.
8 Mill test reports for structural steel, including
chemical and physical properties.
9 Product Test Reports: Submit reports for the
following:
i. Bolts, nuts, and washers including mechanical
properties and chemical analysis.
ii. Direct-tension indicators.
iii. Tension-control, high-strength bolt-nut-washer
assemblies.
iv. Shear stud connectors.
v. Shop primers.
vi. Non-shrink grout.
10 Source quality-control reports.
and
6.1.4 Quality Assurance
1 Fabricator Qualifications: A qualified fabricator who
participates in the AISC Quality Certification Program and
is designated an AISC-Certified Plant or approved by the
Engineer.
2 Installer Qualifications: A qualified installer who
participates in the AISC Quality Certification Program and
is designated an AISC-Certified Erector, Category ACSE or
approved by the Engineer.
3 Shop-Painting Applicators: Qualified according to
AISC's Sophisticated Paint Endorsement P1 or SSPC-QP 3,
"Standard Procedure for Evaluating Qualifications of Shop
Painting Applicators’ or approved by the Engineer.
♦ 6-1 ♦
4 Welding Qualifications: Welding procedures and 6.2 Materials
personnel shall be qualified according to
AWS D1.1/D1.1M, ‘Structural Welding Code - Steel". 6.2.1 Structural-Steel Materials and Steel
i. Welders and welding operators performing work Railings
on bottom-flange, demand-critical welds shall 1 Recycled Content of Steel Products: Provide
pass the supplemental welder qualification products with an average recycled content so that the
testing, as required by AWS D1.8 or shall be post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of pre-
approved by the Client Authority. FCAW-S and consumer recycled content is not less than 25 percent.
FCAW-G shall be considered separate processes
2 W-Shapes shall comply, as appropriate, with
for welding personnel qualification.
ASTM A 992/A 992, ASTM A 572/A 572M Grade 5
5 Comply with applicable provisions of the following ASTM A 529/A 529M Grade 50, and ASTM A 913/
specifications and documents: A 913M, Grade 50.
i. AISC 303. 3 Channels, angles , M shapes and , S-shapes shall
ii. AISC 341 and AISC 341s1. comply, as appropriate, with ASTM A 36/A 36M,
iii. AISC 360. ASTM A 572/A 572M Grade 50, ASTM A 529/A 529M
iv. RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints Using Grade 50 and ASTM A 913/A 913M Grade 50.
ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts."
4 Plate and bar shall comply, as appropriate with
6 Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at ASTM A 36/A 36M, ASTM A 572/A 572M Grade 50, and
Site. ASTM A 529/A 529M Grade 50.
7 Source Limitations: Obtain each type of railing or 5 Corrosion-resisting low-alloy structural-steel shapes,
similar product from single source, from single plates, and bars shall comply with ASTM A 588/A 588M,
manufacturer. Grade 50.
6 Cold-formed hollow structural sections shall comply
6.1.5 Delivery, Storage, and Handling
with ASTM A 500, Grade B or C, structural tubing.
1 Store materials to permit easy access for inspection
7 Corrosion-resisting cold-formed hollow structural
and identification. Keep steel members off ground and
sections shall comply with ASTM A 847/A 847M,
spaced by using pallets, dunnage, or other supports and
structural tubing.
spacers. Protect steel members and packaged materials
from corrosion and deterioration. 8 Steel Pipe shall comply with ASTM A 53/A 53M,
i. Do not store materials on a structure in a manner Type E or S, Grade B.
that might cause distortion, damage, or overload i. Weight Class: Standard.
to members or supporting structures. Repair or ii. Finish: Black except where indicated to be
replace damaged materials or structures as galvanized.
directed. 9 Steel castings shall comply with
2 Store fasteners in a protected place in sealed ASTM A 216/A 216M, Grade WCB with supplementary
containers with manufacturer's labels intact. requirement S11.
i. Fasteners may be repackaged only with the 10 Steel Forgings shall comply with
Engineer’s approval and under his supervision. ASTM A 668/A 668M.
ii. Clean and re-lubricate bolts and nuts that 11 Welding Electrodes shall comply with AWS
become dry or rusty before use. requirements.
iii. Comply with manufacturers' written
12 Woven-wire mesh shall be intermediate-crimp,
recommendations for cleaning and lubricating
diamond or square pattern, 50-mm woven-wire mesh,
ASTM F 1852 fasteners and for retesting
made from 3.5-mm nominal diameter wire complying with
fasteners after lubrication.
ASTM A 510M.

6.1.6 Coordination 6.2.2 Bolts, Connectors, and Anchors

1 Coordinate selection of shop primers with topcoats
1 High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers:
to be applied over them. Comply with paint and coating
ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M), Type 1, heavy-hex steel
manufacturers' recommendations to ensure that shop
structural bolts; ASTM A 563, Grade C, (ASTM A 563M,
primers and topcoats are compatible with one another.
Class 8S) heavy-hex carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436
2 Coordinate installation of anchorage items to be (ASTM F 436M), Type 1, hardened carbon-steel washers;
embedded in or attached to other construction so as not to all with plain finish.
delay the work. Provide setting diagrams, sheet metal i. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959,
templates, instructions, and directions for installation. Type 325 (ASTM F 959M, Type 8.8),
compressible-washer type with plain finish.
High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 490
(ASTM A 490M), Type 1, heavy-hex steel structural bolts;

♦ 6-2 ♦
ASTM A 563, Grade DH, (ASTM A 563M, Class 10S) 9 Eye Bolts and Nuts: Made from cold-finished carbon
heavy-hex carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 steel bars, ASTM A 108, Grade 1030.
(ASTM F 436M), Type 1, hardened carbon-steel washers 10 Sleeve Nuts: Made from cold-finished carbon steel
with plain finish. bars, ASTM A 108, Grade 1018.
i. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959,
11 Structural Slide Bearings: Low-friction assemblies, of
Type 490 (ASTM F 959M, Type 10.9),
configuration indicated, that provide vertical transfer of
compressible-washer type with plain finish.
loads and allow horizontal movement perpendicular to
2 Zinc-Coated High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: plane of expansion joint while resisting movement within
ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M), Type 1, heavy-hex steel plane of expansion joint.
structural bolts; ASTM A 563, Grade DH (ASTM A 563M, i. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with work
Class 10S) heavy-hex carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 requirements.
(ASTM F 436M), Type 1, hardened carbon-steel washers. ii. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance
i. Finish: Hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc with requirements, provide product indicated on
coating. Drawings or comparable product.
ii. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959, iii. Mating Surfaces: PTFE and mirror-finished
Type 325 (ASTM F 959M, Type 8.8), stainless steel.
compressible-washer type with mechanically iv. Coefficient of Friction: Not more than 0.03.
deposited zinc coating v. Design Load: Not less than 41 MPa.
3 Tension-Control, High-Strength Bolt-Nut-Washer vi. Total Movement Capability: 50 mm.
Assemblies: ASTM F 1852, Type 1, heavy-hex head 12 Fasteners for Interconnecting Railing Components:
assemblies consisting of steel structural bolts with splined i. Provide concealed fasteners for interconnecting
ends, heavy-hex carbon-steel nuts, and hardened carbon- railing components and for attaching them to
steel washers. other work, unless otherwise indicated.
i. Finish: Mechanically deposited zinc coating. ii. Provide concealed fasteners for interconnecting
4 Shear Connectors: ASTM A 108, Grades 1015 railing components and for attaching them to
through 1020, headed-stud type, cold-finished carbon other work, unless exposed fasteners are
steel; AWS D1.1/D1.1M, Type B. unavoidable or are the standard fastening
method for railings indicated.
5 Unheaded Anchor Rods: ASTM F 1554, Grade 36 or
iii. Provide square or hex socket flat-head machine
ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, weldable
screws for exposed fasteners unless otherwise
i. Configuration: Hooked.
indicated.
ii. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex
carbon steel.
6.2.3 Grout
iii. Plate Washers: ASTM A 36/A 36M carbon steel.
iv. Washers: ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1, 1 Metallic, Shrinkage-Resistant Grout: ASTM C 1107,
hardened carbon steel. factory-packaged, metallic aggregate grout, mixed with
v. Finish: Hot-dip zinc coating, water to consistency suitable for application and a 30-
ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class C. minute working time.

6 Headed Anchor Rods: [ASTM F 1554, Grade 36] 2 Non-metallic, Shrinkage-Resistant Grout:
[ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, weldable] [ASTM A 354] ASTM C 1107, factory-packaged, nonmetallic aggregate
[ASTM A 449], straight. grout, noncorrosive and non-staining, mixed with water to
i. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex consistency suitable for application and a 30-minute
carbon steel. working time.
ii. Plate Washers: ASTM A 36/A 36M carbon steel.
iii. Washers: ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1, 6.2.4 Fabrication
hardened carbon steel. 1 Structural Steel: Fabricate and assemble in shop to
iv. Finish: Hot-dip zinc coating, greatest extent possible. Fabricate according to AISC's
ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class C. "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and
7 Threaded Rods: ASTM A 36/A 36M and Bridges" and AISC 360.
A 572/A 572M, Grade 50 (345). i. Camber structural-steel members where
i. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex indicated.
carbon steel. ii. Fabricate beams with rolling camber up.
ii. Washers: [ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), iii. Identify high-strength structural steel according
Type 1, hardened]. to ASTM A 6/A 6M and maintain markings until
iii. Finish: Hot-dip zinc coating, structural steel has been erected.
ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class C. iv. Mark and match-mark materials for field
assembly.
8 Clevises and Turnbuckles: Made from cold-finished
carbon steel bars, ASTM A 108, Grade 1035.

♦ 6-3 ♦
 v. Complete structural-steel assemblies, including
welding of units, before starting shop-priming
operations.
2 Thermal Cutting: Perform thermal cutting by
machine to greatest extent possible
i. Plane thermally cut edges to be welded to
comply with requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
3 Bolt Holes: Cut, drill, or punch standard bolt holes
perpendicular to metal surfaces.
4 Finishing: Accurately finish ends of columns and
other members transmitting bearing loads.
5 Cleaning: Clean and prepare steel surfaces that are
to remain unpainted according to SSPC-SP 3, "Power Tool
Cleaning"
6 Shear Connectors: Prepare steel surfaces as
recommended by manufacturer of shear connectors. Use
automatic end welding of headed-stud shear connectors
according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M and manufacturer's written
instructions.
7 Holes: Form holes required for securing other work
to structural steel and for other work to pass through steel
framing members.
i. Cut, drill, or punch holes perpendicular to steel
surfaces. Do not thermally cut bolt holes or
enlarge holes by burning.
ii. Base plate holes: Cut, drill, mechanically thermal
cut, or punch holes perpendicular to steel
surfaces.
iii. Weld threaded nuts to framing and other
specialty items indicated to receive other work.
8 Steel pipe and tube railings:
i. Fabricate connections that will be exposed to
weather in a manner to exclude water. Provide
weep holes where water may accumulate.
ii. Connections: Fabricate railings with either
welded or non-welded connections unless
otherwise indicated.
iii. Connect members with concealed mechanical
fasteners and fittings.
iv. Form changes in direction by bends of radius
indicated or by inserting prefabricated elbow
fittings of radius indicated.
v. Close exposed ends of railing members with
prefabricated end fittings.
vi. Provide inserts and other anchorage devices for
connecting railings to concrete or masonry work.
Fabricate anchorage devices capable of
withstanding loads imposed by railings.
Coordinate anchorage devices with supporting
structure.
9 Galvanization: The minimum average thickness of
coating for all galvanized specimens shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM A 123/A 123M.
6.2.5 Shop Connections
1 High-Strength Bolts: Shop install high-strength bolts
according to RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints
♦ 6-4 ♦
Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and
type of joint specified.
i. Joint Type: Slip critical.
2 Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M
and AWS D1.8/D1.8M for tolerances, appearances,
welding procedure specifications, weld quality, and
methods used in correcting welding work.
i. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods
that will maintain true alignment of axes without
exceeding tolerances in AISC 303 for mill
material.
6.2.6 Source Quality Control
1 Testing Agency: The Employer may engage an
independent testing and inspecting agency to perform
shop tests and inspections and prepare test reports.
i. Provide testing agency with access to places
where structural-steel work is being fabricated or
produced to perform tests and inspections.
2 Correct deficiencies in work that test reports and
inspections indicate does not comply with the
Specification or Drawings.
3 Bolted Connections: Shop-bolted connections will
be tested and inspected according to RCSC's
"Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or
A 490 Bolts."
4 Welded Connections: In addition to visual inspection,
shop-welded connections will be tested and inspected
according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the following
inspection procedures, at testing agency's option:
i. Liquid Penetrant Inspection: ASTM E 165.
ii. Magnetic Particle Inspection: ASTM E 709;
performed on root pass and on finished weld.
Cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or
penetration will not be accepted.
iii. Ultrasonic Inspection: ASTM E 164.
iv. Radiographic Inspection: ASTM E 94.
5 In addition to visual inspection, shop-welded shear
connectors will be tested and inspected according to
requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M for stud welding and as
follows:
i. Bend tests will be performed if visual inspections
reveal either a less-than-continuous 360-degree
flash or welding repairs to any shear connector.
ii. Tests will be conducted on additional shear
connectors if weld fracture occurs on shear
connectors already tested, according to
requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
6.3 Construction Requirements
6.3.1 Examination
1 Verify, with steel erector present, elevations of
concrete- and masonry-bearing surfaces and locations of
anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedments for
compliance with requirements.
 i. Prepare a certified survey of bearing surfaces,
anchor rods, bearing plates, and other
embedment, showing dimensions, locations,
angles, and elevations.
2 Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory
conditions have been corrected.
6.3.2 Preparation
1 Provide temporary shores, guys, braces, and other
supports during erection to keep structural steel secure,
plumb, and in alignment against temporary construction
loads and loads equal in intensity to design loads.
Remove temporary supports when permanent structural
steel, connections, and bracing are in place unless
otherwise indicated.
i. Do not remove temporary shoring supporting
composite deck construction until cast-in-place
concrete has attained its design compressive
strength.
6.3.3 Erection
1 Set structural steel accurately in locations and to
elevations indicated and according to AISC 303 and
AISC 360.
2 Base Bearing and Leveling Plates: Clean concrete-
and masonry-bearing surfaces of bond-reducing materials,
and roughen surfaces prior to setting plates. Clean
bottom surface of plates.
i. Set plates for structural members on wedges,
shims, or setting nuts as required.
ii. Weld plate washers to top of base plate.
iii. Snug-tighten anchor rods after supported
members have been positioned and plumbed.
Do not remove wedges or shims but, if
protruding, cut off flush with edge of plate
before packing with grout.
iv. Promptly pack grout solidly between bearing
surfaces and plates so no voids remain. Neatly
finish exposed surfaces; protect grout and allow
curing. Comply with manufacturer's written
installation instructions for shrinkage-resistant
grouts.
3 Maintain erection tolerances of structural steel and
steel railing within AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for
Steel Buildings and Bridges."
4 Align and adjust various members that form part of
complete frame or structure before permanently fastening.
Before assembly, clean bearing surfaces and other
surfaces that will be in permanent contact with members.
Perform necessary adjustments to compensate for
discrepancies in elevations and alignment.
i. Level and plumb individual members of structure.
ii. Make allowances for difference between
temperature at time of erection and mean
temperature when structure is completed and in
service.
5 Splice members only where indicated.
6 Do not use thermal cutting during erection unless
approved by Engineer. Finish thermally cut sections
within smoothness limits in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
7 Do not enlarge unfair holes in members by burning
or using drift pins. Ream holes that must be enlarged to
admit bolts.
i. Shear Connectors: Prepare steel surfaces as
recommended by manufacturer of shear
connectors. Use automatic end welding of
headed-stud shear connectors according to
AWS D1.1/D1.1M and manufacturer's written
instructions.
6.3.4 Orthotropic-Deck Super Structure
1 Protection of Deck Plate after Sandblasting: If
sandblasting to a white metal, or an equivalent method, is
used to prepare the deck plate to receive a wearing
surface, a protective coating shall be applied to the plate
immediately after cleaning.
2 Dimensional Tolerance Limits:
i. Dimensional tolerance limits for orthotropic-deck
bridge members shall be applied to each
completed but unloaded member and shall be as
specified in the AWS Structural Welding Code
except as superseded hereinafter. The deviation
from detailed flatness, straightness, or curvature
at any point shall be the perpendicular distance
from that point to a template edge which has the
detailed straightness or curvature and which is in
contact with the element at two other points.
The term element as used herein refers to
individual panels, stiffeners, flanges, or other
pieces. The template edge may have any length
not exceeding the greatest dimension of the
element being examined and, for any panel, not
exceeding 1.5 times the least dimension of the
panel; it may be placed anywhere within the
boundaries of the element. The deviation shall
be measured between adjacent points of contact
of the template edge with the element; the
distance between these adjacent points of
contact shall be used in the formulas to establish
the tolerance limits for the segment being
measured whenever this distance is less than the
applicable dimension of the element specified for
the formula.
ii. The term panel as used in this paragraph means
a clear area of steel plate surface bounded by
stiffeners, webs, flanges, or plate edges and not
further subdivided into such elements. The
provisions of this paragraph apply to all panels
in the bridge; for plates stiffened on one side
only such as orthotropic-deck plates or flanges of
box girders, this includes the total clear width on
the side without stiffeners as well as the panels
between stiffeners on the side with stiffeners.
The maximum deviation from detailed flatness
or curvature of a panel shall not exceed 5 mm.
♦ 6-5 ♦
 The maximum deviation from detailed
straightness or curvature in any direction
perpendicular to its length of a longitudinal
stiffener subject to calculated compressive stress,
including each orthotropic-deck rib, shall not
exceed L/480, where L = the length of the
stiffener or rib between cross members, webs, or
flanges, in millimeters.
iii. The maximum deviation from detailed
straightness or curvature in any direction
perpendicular to its length of a transverse web
stiffener or other stiffener not subject to
calculated compressive stress shall not exceed
L/240, where L = the length of the stiffener or rib
between cross members, webs, or flanges, in
millimeters.
6.3.5 Field Connections
1 High-Strength Bolts: Install high-strength bolts
according to RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints
Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and
type of joint specified.
i. Joint Type: Slip critical.
2 Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M
and AWS D1.8/D1.8M for tolerances, appearances,
welding procedure specifications, weld quality, and
methods used in correcting welding work.
i. Comply with AISC 303 and AISC 360 for bearing,
alignment, adequacy of temporary connections,
and removal of paint on surfaces adjacent to
field welds.
ii. Remove backing bars or runoff tabs, back gouge,
and grind steel smooth.
iii. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods
that will maintain true alignment of axes without
exceeding tolerances in AISC's "Code of
Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and
Bridges" for mill material.
6.3.6 Field Quality Control
1 Testing Agency: The Employer may engage a
qualified independent testing and inspecting agency to
inspect field welds and high-strength bolted connections.
2 Bolted Connections: Bolted connections will be
tested and inspected according to RCSC's "Specification
for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts."
3 Welded Connections: Field welds will be visually
inspected according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
i. In addition to visual inspection, field welds will
be tested and inspected according to
AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the following inspection
procedures, at testing agency's option:
- Liquid Penetrant Inspection: ASTM E 165.
- Magnetic Particle Inspection: ASTM E 709;
performed on root pass and on finished weld.
Cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or
penetration will not be accepted.
- Ultrasonic Inspection: ASTM E 164.
- Radiographic Inspection: ASTM E 94.
4 In addition to visual inspection, test and inspect field-
welded shear connectors according to requirements in
AWS D1.1/D1.1M for stud welding and as follows:
i. Perform bend tests if visual inspections reveal
either a less-than-continuous 360-degree flash or
welding repairs to any shear connector.
ii. Conduct tests on additional shear connectors if
weld fracture occurs on shear connectors already
tested, according to requirements in
AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
5 Correct deficiencies in work that test reports and
inspections indicate does not comply with the
Specification or Drawings.
6.4 Method of Measurement
1 Structural steel is measured by weight in tonnes.
Except for rolled steel sections and plates whose weights
are computed from nominal weight as paragraphs 2 and 3
below, the weight shall be calculated on the basis that 1.0
cu. meter weighs 7850 kg.
2 The weights of rolled shapes shall be computed on
the basis of their nominal weights per meter as shown on
the Drawings, or listed in the handbooks.
3 The weights of plates shall be computed on the basis
of the nominal weight for their width and thickness as
shown on the Drawings, plus an estimated overrun
computed as one-half the ‘Permissible Variation in
Thickness and Weight’ as tabulated in Specification,
‘General Requirements for Delivery of Rolled Steel Plates,
Shapes, Steel Piling, and Bars for Structural Use’,
AASHTO M 160.
4 The weight of castings shall be computed from the
dimensions shown on the approved shop drawings,
deducting for open holes. To this weight shall be added 5
percent allowance for fillets and over-run. Scale weights
may be substituted for computed weights in the case of
castings or of small complex parts for which accurate
computations of weight would be difficult.
5 The weight of temporary erection bolts, shop and
field paint, boxes, crates, and other containers used for
shipping, and materials used for supporting members
during transportation and erection, shall not be included
in the rate and is subsidiary to the rate of structural steel.
6 In computing pay weight on the basis of computed
net weight the following stipulations in addition to those
in the foregoing paragraphs shall apply:
i. The weight shall be computed on the basis of the
net finished dimensions of the parts as shown on
the approved shop drawing, deducting for copes,
cuts, clips, and all open holes, except bolt holes.
ii. The weight of heads, nuts, single washers, and
threaded stick-through of all high-tensile
strength shop bolts, both shop and field, shall be
included on the basis of the following weights:

♦ 6-6 ♦
 Diameter of Bolt Weight per 100 bolts 6.5 Basis of Payments
mm kg
12 9.0 1 The prices for fabrication and erection of structural
16 14.4 steel and railings shall include all labor, materials,
19 23.8 equipment, transportation, and shop and field painting
22 36.5 necessary for the proper completion of the work in
25 53.0 accordance with the contract. The prices for fabrication
29 75.0 without erection shall include all labor and materials
32 96.4 necessary for the proper completion of the work.
35 127.3
38 154.5 6.6 Items in the Bill of Quantities
Table 6.4-1 Bolt Weights
1 Payment will be made under one or more of the
iii. The weight of weld metal shall be computed on following:
the basis of the theoretical volume from
dimensions of the welds. i. Structural Steel (grade) (t.)
7 In computing pay weight on the basis of computed
ii. Railings (Type) (height) (lin. m.)
gross weight, the following stipulations in addition to the
above shall apply.
i. The weight shall be calculated on the basis of
rectangular dimensions for all plates, and
ordered over-all lengths for all structural shapes;
except that (A) when parts can be economically
cut in multiples from material of larger
dimensions, the computed weight shall be that
of the material from which the parts are cut, and
(B) all material shall be ordered to produce as
little waste as practicable when cut and finished
by modern shop methods.
ii. No deductions from the computed weight of
rolled steel shall be made for the copes, clips,
sheared edges, punchings, borings, milling or
planning; or from the computed weight of
castings to allow for drillings or borings.
iii. The weight of weld metal shall be computed on
the basis of the theoretical volume of the
dimensions of the welds. To this weight shall be
added 50 percent allowance for overrun.
8 In computing pay weight on the basis of scale
weights, the pay quantity of structural steel will be the
shop scale weight of the fabricated members, which shall
be weighed on satisfactory scales in the presence of the
Inspector. If the shop paint has been applied to the
completed member when weighed, 0.4 percent of the
weight of the member shall be deducted from the scale
weight of the member to compensate for weight of shop
paint. The weight of field bolts shall be based on the
approved shipping list. No payment will be made for any
weight in excess of 1.5 percent above the computed net
weight of the whole item.
9 Steel railings are measured in lin. meters as the
actual length fixed in position according to type and
height, without differentiation for straight, curved, raking
and stepped railings The rates are deemed to include for
all accessories and fixings and finishes.

♦ 6-7 ♦