4400 Mobile Phone Tester Series

Overview
and
WCDMA Measurements
 440x
Mobile Phone Tester Series
 440x Mobile Phone Tester Series

Î The Willtek 440x Mobile Phone

Tester series is …
ƒ A state-of-the-art product
ƒ A multi-standard platform
• GSM, HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE,
• cdma2000 1xRTT, IS-95, AMPS
• WCDMA/UMTS
• TD-SCDMA (Non-Call Mode)
• 1xEV-DO (coming, Q1 2006)
• HSDPA (coming, Q4 2006)
ƒ Provides many useful options,
• MS Power Supply, MS Current Measurement
• Audio Analyzer / Codec
• Parallel Multi Phone Tests

ƒ Comes in two different versions

• Willtek 4403 and
• Willtek 4405

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 4403 & 4405

Î 4403
ƒ The Willtek 4403 is the basic unit for
applications requiring higher speed and
good accuracy (Gen: 0.9 dB, typical 0.4
dB, Analyzer: 0.8 dB)
ƒ The Willtek 4403 is aimed for service and
small scale production
Î 4405
ƒ The Willtek 4405 is the advanced unit for
higher speed and very high accuracy
(Gen. 0.7 dB, typical 0.3 dB, Analyzer 0.37
dB, typical 0.15 dB)
ƒ The Willtek 4405 is aimed at production,
hardware engineering and QA

R&D, e.g. 4405 Manufacturing, e.g. 4405 Service, e.g. 4403

Repair Loop

Design High-Level
Repair
Board alignment Functional Functional
and calibration Test Check

Quality Align &

Check Test

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 Current front and rear panel

Keypad

RF out

Industrial PC
Floppy drive Audio In/Out

RF and Measurement Power Supply

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 New PC for 4400 – Speed enhancement!

ƒ “Old” PC (current solution) Î NEW PC

• VGA
ƒ VGA, Parallel Printer Port, RS-232
• Keyboard (PS2)
ƒ Keyboard and Mouse (via PS2 or USB)
• Mouse (RS232)
• Parallel Printer Port ƒ GPIB and TCP/IP (standard)
• RS-232 ƒ 2 – USB (Host, type A)
• GPIB ƒ 1 – USB (Device, type B)
• TCP/IP requires
PCMCIA cards (option)
• 2 – PCMCIA Slots

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 RAPID!

Î RAPID! = Run Application Programs with Integrated Development

ƒ Self-contained automatic test program
ƒ Easy integration START
Controller 4400
Software RAPID! Software
Program
4400

RESULTS

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 Basics
for
WCDMA measurements
 Common issues to measure a 3G mobile station (UE)

Î RF conformance tests for a 3G mobile phone described in ETSI TS

134.121
Î Principle measurement setup: Simulation Neighboring
cells / Interferer

Coupling Field Signal

(e.g. Willtek 4916 Analysis
Antenna Coupler)
UU Willtek 4921 RF Simulation
Air interface Shield Willtek 440x
Node B
Mobile Phone Tester Series

Î Channel model for WCDMA Ior=Îor+Ioc

Transmission channel
Ior Îor
Ioc
OCNS1)

UE
Node B (or 4400)
1) OCNS – Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulation
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 Basic Parameters

440x output power

Necessary code
Which
channels to Scrambling
simulate a Code is used in
WCDMA DL the simulated
signal radio cell?

Reference
Measurement
Channels

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Non-Call Mode
 4400 Approvals for alignment and calibration for
GSM / GPRS / EDGE and WCDMA

Mobile phone GSM / GPRS / WCDMA Remarks

manufacturer EDGE
Document is provided by
SW Version Nokia, how to use the 440x
Nokia 9 4.24 9 SW Version and Phoenix SW to
V6.10 align/calibrate a Nokia
mobile phone
9 SW Version 9 V6.00.SERP001 or later
Sony Ericsson
SW 4.21
Version versions
4.24 Chosen for the calibration
LG 9 part of a WCDMA production Under optimization
(for line
SW Version
GSM/GPRS)
4.24
Siemens 9 9 No Siemens product so far
(for
SW Version
GSM/GPRS)
4.24 SW Version Implementation starts this
Motorola 9 (9) V6.10 week
(for
GSM/GPRS)
8 8 We work on that!
VK Cooperation 9 SW Version No product so far
*) 4.24
9 Prototype Use an EMP chipset (same
SAGEM *) as Sony Ericsson) and 4405

*) Use the 440x in their complete production lines

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 Tuning a Nokia 3G mobile phone with Phoenix and
the 4400

Î To align and calibrate a WCDMA mobile phone

Willtek 440x
Î Test setup for Phoenix

Various Test-Jigs
GPIB
N – SMA connection
PC with connection
Service
Software

RS232 connection

Power supply

ƒ 4400 acts as a signal generator and spectrum analyzer

• Generates specific signals (different from manufacturer to manufacturer) and displays the
results

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 Test times with 4400 and Phoenix

Î Internal Nokia measurements for the time to align a Nokia 6630

(based on BB-5 engine) with the 4405
ƒ PA det 0.046875 sec.
ƒ Temperature sensor 0.078126 sec.
ƒ Channel filter 0.156251 sec.
ƒ LoLeakage 0.250002 sec.
ƒ GSM TxIQ 900/1800/1900 1.437510 sec.
ƒ WCDMA Rx 8.56 sec.
ƒ WCDMA Tx AGC 8.68 sec.
ƒ WCDMA TxBand Response 2.81 sec.
ƒ GSM Rx 900/1800/1900 33.10900 sec.
ƒ GSM/EDGE Tx Power 900/1800/1900 + 36.37224 sec.
91.50004 sec.
Î We hold the 2nd place in a competition with Agilent rack solution
(1.) and CMU200 (3.)

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 Motorola GATE System

Î Alignment and calibration of a V980 with the 4400 in the GATE

System

ƒ Agilent (8960 series) test time: 09 Min, 35 sec with a E1000

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 Tuning a Sony Ericsson 3G mobile phone with SERP
and the 4400
Willtek 440x

PC
(with
SERP) e.g. Sony Ericsson
USB V800
connection

SEPI Box
Sony Ericsson
Programming Interface

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 RF Generator
A Coupling Loss of 15 dB is added

Select frequency
or
channel number

Settings for
the DL signal
according to the
RMC 12.2

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 Power Staircase

ƒ Required by a specific
mobile phone
manufacturer and is
commonly used in
connection with the
relevant service
software by this specific
manufacturer

ƒ The UE is instructed to
transmit in different
power steps

ƒ Output power of the UE

is measurement

ƒ Mobile phone can be

tuned according to these
results
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 Zero-Span Analyzer

ƒ More flexible then

staircase
measurement

ƒ Displays power vs.

time, which
corresponds to the
regular spectrum
analyzer functionality
in 0-span mode

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 Call Mode
Common information, basic mask,
UE Info with UE measurement report, Tracer Option, …
 Power levels at the 4400

A
Ior
The power, the 4400
send with
UL Target Power
1 The power with which
the UE should sent …
3
Channel Power Îor = UTRA Carrier RSSI
The Power received The Ior power,
at the 4400 that arrives at the
UE antenna connector

UE Power 2
The power the UE
sends with …

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 Basic Screen (1)

Frequenc
Frequenc
yy
bands
bands
&& A
channel
channel
numbers
Parameter
numbers
Parameter 1
ss &
& Limits
Limits

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 Frequency bands and channel numbers

Î There are 6 frequency bands

specified, which are all
supported by the 4400
WCDMA system option
(see table)
Î E.g. Band I
ƒ Uplink 1920 – 1980 MHz and downlink 2110 – 2170 MHz
ƒ Carrier spacing defined by ETSI specification is 200 kHz
• Carrier frequencies can be tuned in a distance of 200 kHz
Î Channels are separated by different channel numbers:
ƒ UARFCN – Universal Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers
• NUPLINK = 5*FU; 1920 < fUL < 1980 MHz
9600 < NUL < 9900

NDOWNLINK = 5*FD; 2110 < fDL < 2170 MHz

10550 < NDL < 10850

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 Basic Screen (2)
RMC
RMC 12.2
12.2 kbps
kbps

Graphical
limit check

Open
Open Loop
Loop
Power
Power Control
Control

Text
Text && Status
Status
Field
Field

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 Graphical limit check

Actual value Average value

Min. value Max. value

Measurement value Lower Higher limit

limit

FAIL

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 Reference Measurement Channels (RMC)

Î A WCDMA signal contains various code channels with different data

rates and data structure (e.g. time slot format)
Î For measurement purposes is it necessary to fix this complexity and
variability
Î Definition of Reference Measurement Channels (RMC)
Î 3GPP dictate, that every UE must support a 12.2 kbps user channel
(typical for voice transmission)
• Accordingly to higher data rates other RMC are defined (64, 144 and 384 kbps)
ƒ Uplink 12.2 kbps RMC and a downlink 12.2 kbps RMC is defined; settings
Physical Parameter Uplink 12.2 kbps RMC Downlink 12.2 kbps RMC
Bit rate 12.2 kbps 12.2 kbps
DPDCH 60 kbps
DPCH 30 ksps
DPCCH 15 kbps
Time Slot Format #0 (DPCCH) #11
DPDCH / DPCCH power ratio (ßd / -5.46 dB -
ßc)
Repetition rate 23% 14.7 %

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 Open Loop Power Control
Node B transmit System
information via BCCH1) Ö P-
CCPCH2)

Node B
User
Equipment, UE

Transmitted via system

information

Tolerance
Normal conditions ±6 dB
Extreme conditions ±9 dB

Preamble Init. Pwr [dBm] = Primary CPiCH3) DL Power + UL interference + Constant value –
CPiCH_RSCP
= 10 dBm+(-100dBm)+10dB-(-90)dBm=10dBm + (power Ramp Step) Measured by the UE
(UE Measurement Report)
1) BCCH – Broadcast Control CHannel
2) P-CCPCH – Primary Common Control Physical as
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3) CPiCH – Common Pilot CHannel
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4) CPiCH RSCP CPiCH Received Signal Code
 UE Info with UE Measurement Report

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 Add-on: Registration

ƒ After a successful synchronization between Node B and UE and the network provider
is the right one the registration procedure is initialized

RRC Connection request (CCCH)

RRC Connection setup (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup complete (DCCH)
Location Updating request (DCCH)
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Security mode command
Node B

Security mode complete

UE
Location Updating Accept
TMSI reallocation complete
RRC connection Release
RRC connection Release Complete

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 Add-on: Call Setup
Mobile originated call

ƒ After a successful registration a mobile originated call is possible …

RRC Connection request (CCCH)

RRC Connection setup (CCCH)
Phase 1
RRC Connection setup complete (DCCH)
CM Service Request (DCCH)
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Security mode command
Node B

Phase 2 Security mode complete

UE
Setup
Call proceeding
Radio bearer setup
Radio bearer setup complete
Alerting
Phase 3
Connect
Connect Acknowledge

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 Add-on: Call Setup
Mobile terminated call

ƒ … or a mobile terminated call

Paging (PCCH)
RRC Connection request (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup complete (DCCH)
Paging response (DCCH)
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Security mode command
Node B

Security mode complete

UE
Setup
Call confirmed
Radio bearer setup
Radio bearer setup complete
Alerting
Connect
Connect Acknowledge

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 4484 Tracer option for 4400 WCDMA System option

Î All these messages (registration, mobile originated/terminated call)

are displayed in the text/status field

Î For a detailed look you

can use the 4484 Tracer
option for the 4400 WCDMA
system option
ƒ Running on a PC
ƒ Configuration via GPIB or TCP/IP
ƒ Connection is realized via
TCP/IP connection
ƒ You can configure which message
should be displayed

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 Call Mode
TX measurements
 Modulation Quality (1)

Î Measure the quality of the WCDMA signal, which is generated by

the mobile
ƒ QPSK is used as modulation in WCDMA systems
Î Most important parameter: Error Vector Magnitude (EVM RMS)
Tolerance for EVM
< 17.5%
Im

Err=Z-R
01
Measured 00
Vector Z
Err Z −R
Ideal Vector R EVM = = in %
R R
Re

11 10

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 Modulation Quality (2)

ƒ Magnitude Error
ƒ Phase Error
ƒ Frequency Error
• Difference between
the RF modulated
carrier frequency
transmitted from the
UE and the
assigned frequency
ƒ Rho
• Cross correlation
factor
• Ideal = 1 (unit circle)
ƒ I/Q Offset
• See next slide
ƒ I/Q Imbalance
• See slide after next

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 I/Q Offset

I / QOffset = 20 ∗ log ( I/Q offset vector

Offset − corrected signal vector
) [dB]

Corrected
Signal vector

I/Q Offset Vector

I

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 I/Q Imbalance

⎛ Iˆ − Qˆ ⎞
I/Q Imbalance = 20 ∗ log⎜⎜ ⎟ [dB]
ˆ + Qˆ ⎟
⎝ I ⎠
Q

Error Vector

Q̂

Ideal Vector

Iˆ I

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 Constellation Display

ƒ Rotated within 45°

because of I/Q
multiplex

ƒ 8 points because
power ratio between
DPDCH/ DPCCH
(ßd/ßc)
• Values between
1/15 and 15/15
• -23.5 … 0 dB

• ßd/ßc = 8/15 for

RMC 12.2 kbps = -
5.46
Distance dB
depends on the power ratio
between DPDCH and DPCCH
(remember RMC 12.2=-5.46 dB)

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 Limits for Modulation Quality

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 Code Domain Power

Î CDP measurements in the Uplink

ƒ Whole power is allocated to different code channels (CDP - code domain power)
• Knowledge of the scrambling code is necessary (selected by the user in the basic parameter
screen)
• Knowledge of the spreding codes
are necessary (implemented in the
unit -> Hadamard functions)
ƒ I/Q multiplex in the uplink ->
separate analysis of I- (DPDCH) and
Q-path (DPCCH) is necessary
Î PCDE – Peak Code Domain Error
ƒ Indicates which unused code channel
is mostly interfered
ƒ Reason
• Losing orthogonality due to radio channel
• Thermal noise

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 Power measurement: Min und Max power

+33 Power class I

dBm
+27 Power class II
dBm
Dynamic
+24
range dBm
of WCDMA +21
Mobile phone dBm
83.0 dB

-50 dBm PMin

Power
Minimum Nominal Maximum
class
1 30 dBm 33 dBm 34 dBm
2 24 dBm 27 dBm 28 dBm
3 21 dBm 24 dBm 25 dBm
4 19 dBm 21 dBm 22 dBm

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 Inner Loop Power Control (1)

Î SNR is reliable for radio cell capacity

ƒ “Near-far problem”
ƒ Node measures the actual SNR and compare it to a Target SNR
1
• Power regulation depending on the results 2

ƒ Power regulation done by TPC1) commands in every Time Slot (TS)

• 1 TS = 667 µs Î 1/667 µs = 1500 times per sec
ƒ 2 control algorithm, step size 1 or 2 dB
PChannel Pmax,UMTS

ΔTPC = 1 or 2 dB
83 dB

Δt
Time Slot = 667 µs
Pmin,UMTS
Time
• Example: Power class 1 mobile (+33 dBm), Algorithm 1 and 2 dB step size
– ~27.7 ms from Min to Max Power (-50 … +33 dBm)

1)
TPC – Transmit Power Control as
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 Inner Loop Power Control (2)

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 Spectrum measurement

Î Measurements of the signal power in the frequency domain

ƒ How does the spectrum of a WCDMA signal look like?
Channel bandwidth = 5 MHz

fCarrier f
Signal bandwidth = 4.68 MHz
• Signal bandwidth is appointed by the chip rate 3.84 Mcps and modulation type QPSK
• Receive filter roll-off factor α = 0.22 ~ 4.68 MHz

ƒ Mandatory and defined spectrum measurements by the ETSI specification

• Occupied bandwidth (OBW)
• Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR)
• Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

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 Occupied Bandwidth

ƒ OBW is defined as the frequency range where 99% of the spectral power is
concentrated

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 Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio

ƒ The spectral power is

measured in the adjacent
channels

ƒ Receiving filter is
postponed by ±5 and ± 10
MHz from the carrier
frequency
• Power is measured and
displayed as a bar

ƒ Channel power is set to the

reference O dB

• Analyse the impact to the

neighbour channels
• To detect small interferrer
the SEM is used (see next
slide)

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 Spectrum Emission Mask

ƒ High-resolution spectral analysis of the WCDMA signal out of the used frequency
channel
• 30-kHz-RBW1)-Filer is used up to 3.5 MHz and 1-MHz-RBW-Filter for 3.5 … 12.5 MHz
ƒ The spectral power in the frequency area should not exceed specified limits (see ETSI
spec.)
Related to a resolution of 30 kHz

Related to a resolution of 1 MHz

-50 dBm
Δ ~15 dB
-66 dBm

⎛ 1 MHz ⎞
Δ = 10 ∗ log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ≈ 15 dB
⎝ 30 kHz ⎠

1)
Resolution BandWidth as
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 Limits for OBW, ACLR and SEM

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 Call Mode
RX measurements
 Evaluation of the receiver

ƒ Dynamic range of a WCDMA

receiver
ƒ Evaluation of the receiver with a
Bit Error Rate (BER) /
BLock Error Rate (BLER)
measurement
ƒ Reference Sensitivity Level (RSL)
describes the
sensitivity of the UE that the used
BER measurement
does not exceed a specific limit
Depends on the power
class of the mobile

-25 dBm Dynamic range of a

WCDMA transmitter: 83
Sensitivity of dB
WCDMA -50 dBm
receiver: 81.7
dB

-106.7 dBm

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 440x
Mobile Phone Tester Series

http://www.willtek.com