These are some of the most common minerals on earth.

1. Muscovite Mica
Muscovite is a mineral. It is located in igneous and
metamorphic rock. Muscovite is mined in India,
Pakistan, Brazil, and the U.S. Muscovite is an
insulator. It is heat resistant. It's also used as
roofing, cosmetics, and paints.
2. Biotite Mica
It is usually found in igneous and metamorphic
rock. Biotite is a radioactive element that's used to
figure out how old a mineral is. It's mined underground.
Sudbury, Ontario, Sicily, and Russia. Biotite is mainly used
for display in mineral collections. It is a good heat
insulator but, Biotite has no industrial uses.
3. Sulfur
Sulfur is found in sedimentary rock. It’s found in
places where there volcanoes. Sulfur is mined
underground. Sometimes it is mined from volcanoes
that aren’t active anymore. Since it melts easily at
low temperatures, very hot salt water is pumped
down through pipes into the mine to melt the
sulfur. Air is pumped in to push the melted sulfur
out. Then the sulfur cools and becomes solid or it is
kept hot and melted before it is sent to whoever
wants it. Whether it is solid or liquid depends on
what it will be used for. Sulfur is mined in: the USA
[Michigan, & Ohio], Sicily, Poland, and Chile. They
are used for Fertilizers, plastics, drugs, explosives,
and matches.
4. Pyrite
Pyrite is also known as "fool’s gold" because it has a
yellow metallic color. Pyrite can be distinguished
from native gold by several different
properties. Pyrite is much harder than gold; it
cannot be scratched by a steel straight pin. Pyrite is
brittle; it can be crushed to a powder, whereas gold
simply flattens out because it is a metal. A streak
test can also distinguish pyrite from gold; pyrite
produces a greenish black streak and gold produces
a yellow streak. Pyrite is used for car batteries,
appliances, food cans, paper, tools, some jewelry,
and also machinery. It can be dangerous to mine
pyrite because it combines with oxygen and water, it
becomes sulfuric acid, and sinks into the
ground. Then it travels into rivers, and streams and
kills everything in it. After they get the pyrite ore
out of the ground, it is heated. This takes the iron
 and sulfur out of it. It is mined all over the
world. Most of the pyrite comes from the United
States, Italy, Russia, Sweden, and Peru.

5. Magnetite
Magnetite is dark brown to black mineral. It is easy
to identify because it is the only
common mineral that can be picked up by a
magnet. It produces a black streak. Magnetite is
found in Austria, Switzerland, South Africa, and the
United States [Franklin, New Jersey, Utah, Arkansas,
Vermont. It's used to make steel, magnets, paints,
ink, paper, and cosmetics.
6. Hematite
Hematite ranges in color from a powdery brownish
red to black to a metallic black. A black specimen of
hematite can closely resemble magnetite, but
hematite is not
magnet and it produces a brownish red streak.
Hematite is sometimes used as a gemstone. Ground
up hematite is red or reddish brown and is used for
dying things. Is also used in paints. Chinese doctors
also use hematite to cure some sickness. It's also
mined in England, Mexico, Australia, Canada, and
Brazil.
7. Galena
Galena has a metallic luster and is gray in color. Its
most outstanding feature is its high density; a
sample of galena is much heavier than other
minerals of the same size.
Galena is a lead ore. Galena also has three
directions of cleavage at right angles to each other; it
breaks into shiny metallic-looking cubes. It's found in
the U.S.A states Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and in
these countries Germany, Peru, Mexico, Zambia, and
England. Galena is used in things that are made of
lead like bullets, batteries, gasoline, paint, and
welding solder. Lead is poisonous when it is
swallowed. Sometimes kids would chew on painted
things because lead gave the paint a sweet taste.
8. Olivine
Olivine is a transparent to translucent mineral with a
distinct yellow green color. It often occurs as clusters
of small grains in a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock
known as a basalt. Olivine grains only rarely get up
to pea-sized. If the material is clear and solid
enough, it can be cut and polished and becomes the
gemstone olivine. One of the ancient Egyptians’
favorite jewels were the green gemstone that may
have been olivine’s. Olivine can be found in small
bodies all over the earth.
9. Azurite
Azurite is a bright blue mineral associated with
copper ore. It may occur with green malachite, also a
copper ore. It is relatively soft at 3.5 on Mohs scale
of hardness.
Azurite can be found in many places around the
world. You can find azurite in the mountains of
Russia and in Bisbee, Arizona.
10. Malachite
Malachite is a rich green to dark green copper mineral. It
can occur on its own or with azurite, a mineral that it is
closely related to in chemistry. It is relatively soft at
3.5 on Mohs scale of hardness. Malachite is a dark green
crystal that was thought to healing powers. Malachite is
usually found in Russia, Austrian, Brittan, France and the
United States. Malachite is found in The United States
[California, Texas], Germany, Austria, South Africa, and
Scotland. It resists heat, electricity, and acid. It's used in
paints, rubber, and paper.
11. Talc
Talc is a Mineral that is found
in igneous and metamorphic rock. Sometimes it's
called soapstone. It's a kind of Mica. Talc is mined
all over the earth and are mined The United
States [California, Texas], Germany, Austria,
South Africa, and Scotland. Talc can be used for
electrical and scientific products because it is
resistant to heat, electricity, and acid. It is used
in paints, rubber, insecticides, and paper.
12. Gypsum
Gypsum is a sedimentary mineral. It's found in
layers that were formed under salt water millions
of years ago. The water evaporated and left the
minerals. Gypsum is mined in France, Mexico,
Sicily, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Texas, and
California. Gypsum is used in wallboard, big
sheets of a plaster-like substance covered with
paper. Wallboard is used to make new walls in
buildings. It is also used in cement, fertilizer, and
ornamental stone. It is also used in cement to
keep it from hardening too fast. When water is
added to gypsum powder, it becomes hard as
rock. This is what's used to make plaster casts for
broken arms and legs.
13.Milky Quartz
Quartz is probably the most common mineral on the Earth. Quartz is found in sandstones, granites, and
otherigneous rocks. There is a lot of water and heat where they form. The crystals are made when the
quartz cools down. The way a crystal looks depends on how warm it was when it was formed. Quartz is
mined mostly by surface mining. A backhoe is used to take away the dirt and rock that's covering the
vein. Only large mines own and use heavy equipment every the time. The miners might possibly blast
with explosives but they will use the littlest amount to get the job done. They will work by hand with a
pick and shovel once they can see the quartz. They could use tools like chisels, pry bars, and other
dentist tools to get the quartz out without damaging it. They don't want to damage it because it might
not sell for as much money. Next the quartz is taken out, wrapped in newspaper, and put in some kind
of box or container until it can be taken to be cleaned. Quartz is mined in: Brazil and the U.S.A. :
Arkansas. Quartz is used in radios, as gems, sandpaper, soap, glass, paint, clocks, watches, and
computers. It is also used for radar, radios, and TVs because it conducts electricity.

14.Rose Quartz
Quartz is probably the most common mineral on the Earth. Quartz is found in sandstones, granites, and
other igneous rocks. There is a lot of water and heat where they form. The crystals are made when the
quartz cools down. The way a crystal looks depends on how warm it was when it was formed. Quartz is
mined mostly by surface mining. A backhoe is used to take away the dirt and rock that's covering the
vein. Only large mines own and use heavy equipment every the time. The miners might possibly blast
with explosives but they will use the littlest amount to get the job done. They will work by hand with a
pick and shovel once they can see the quartz. They could use tools like chisels, pry bars, and other
dentist tools to get the quartz out without damaging it. They don't want to damage it because it might
not sell for as much money. Next the quartz is taken out, wrapped in newspaper, and put in some kind
of box or container until it can be taken to be cleaned. Quartz is mined in: Brazil and the U.S.A. :
Arkansas. Quartz is used in radios, as gems, sandpaper, soap, glass, paint, clocks, watches, and
computers. It is also used for radar, radios, and TVs because it conducts electricity.

15.Amethyst
Amethyst is most commonly known as the birthstone for February. It is usually connected to granite
rock. It can be found with igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock. Amethyst is mined
underground. It is also found in chunks attached to granite. It is mined in: Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay,
Canada, Zambia, South Africa, and the United States: North Carolina, Maine, Pennsylvania, Arizona.
Amethyst is only used in jewelry and stones for display.

16.Agate
Agate is a cryptocrystalline. That means a variety of quartz that the actual fibers of quartz
are so small that they can barely be seen with a regular microscope. Agate is formed most often
as a series of colored bands and rough agate has a dull to waxy type texture. Agate polishes to a
high gloss and it is a semi-precious gemstone.

17.Feldspar
Orthoclase feldspar is a common silicate mineral. It is responsible for the pink to red
colors found in the igneous rock and in granite. The most common color of orthoclase is a pinkish
orange, but it may also be found rarley in white or pale bluish-green. It's grains are mostly less than one
eighth of an inch. Large, pure pieces of orthoclase are mostly found on display in two directions of
cleavage at right angles to each other. It also has a hardness of 6 on Mohs scale of hardness and
therefore can be scratched
by a piece of quartz. It is found in Italy, Turkey, and China.
18.Calcite
Calcite is mostly commonly found in sedimentary rock. Calcite can turn into the rock called limestone.
Some limestone is made once sea creatures die and their bones and shells fall to the ocean floor. They
pile on top of each other, push on the lower layers, and the pressure makes limestone. All limestone
starts in water. There are places in the middle of the United States where there used to be a sea. The
water has been gone for millions of years now. Even though it’s dry, limestone can be found there. If
you add pressure and a lot of heat to limestone, it changes into marble, a metamorphic rock. Calcite is
mined underground. If the calcite is not far underground, then quarrying is used. If it is too far
underground for quarrying to work, then underground mining is used. It is found in New Jersey ,
Tennessee, Illinois, and other states of the U.S. It is also found in Mexico, Germany, India, England, and
other parts of the world.Calcite/limestone is used for making glass, paper, photography, statues,
building, and animal food. The Ancient Egyptian Sphinx is made of limestone rock too.

19.Flourite
It is sometimes easy to mistake fluorite for calcite on a quick examination. However, if
you pay careful attention, fluorite has four directions of cleavage compared to three
directions of cleavage for calcite. Fluorite is also harder than calcite and can scratch a piece of
calcite. Fluorite is often more colorful than calcite and can be purple, green, yellow, pink, brown, or
colorless and may even show two or more colors on the same specimen. Fluorite crystals are usually
cubes or octahedrons. Above
all, fluorite does not fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid.
20.Graphite
Graphite is one of the two kinds of carbon. The other one is diamond which is harder than
graphite. Diamonds that are close to the surface of the Earth are slowly changing into
graphite. Graphite is made by the changes in igneous and metamorphic rocks. It's formed when plants,
rocks, and organic things in limestone areas change over time. Graphite is mined using underground
mining and surface quarrying. The way it is mined depends on how deep into the Earth the graphite
is. It is mined in: China, Brazil, Canada, Malagasy, Norway, Ukraine and Zimbabwe. Graphite is used for
the lead in pencils, to make steel stronger, and as a lubricant.