FOREWORD

This Research Manual was developed by the faculty of the

Research and Development Office of the Sarmiento Campus and
approved by the Campus Administrator. The policies and guidelines
presented here are designed to assist the faculty members and
students in the various phases of planning, implementing and
presenting their thesis and other research projects.

The manual includes specific pointers to researchers in the

development of research problem, building theoretical framework,
designing the data collection procedures and reporting the findings of
a study. Also included are the important points/concepts that should
be included in various parts of the thesis and research.

It is hoped that through this manual, faculty members and

students will be guided in their research undertaking even as they
learn further through their research experiences.

Sarmiento Campus Research Manual i

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foundational Statement of the Bulacan State University…
Sarmiento Campus Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives…
University Mission in Research and Development…………..
The Research and Development Center ……………………..
Areas of Concern for Research and Development …………..
Research Thrusts of the Sarmiento Campus …………………
Requirement for Thesis/Research Writing Proposal …………
Guidelines in the Thesis Preparation,
Defense and Processing ………………………………
Parts of the Thesis …………………………………………….
Sarmiento Campus Research Manual iii
Criteria for Examiners in Evaluating Theses
During Oral Defense
Page Foundational Statement of the Bulacan State University
1 Vision A recognized leader for excellence in instruction, research and
extension services, a key player in the education and formation of
professionally competent, service-oriented, and productive citizens, and a
prime mover of the nation’s sustainable socioeconomic growth and
development.
Mission The University shall provide higher professional, technical and
special instruction for special purposes and promote research and extension
services, advanced studies and progressive leadership in Agriculture,
Commerce, Education, Fishery, Engineering, Arts and Sciences, Law,
Medicine, Public Administration, Technical and other fields as may be
relevant.
Goals Ensuring the attainment of empowered and globally competitive
graduates through:
1. Quality and Excellence. Promoting quality and relevant
educational programs that meet international standards.
2. Relevance and Responsiveness. Generation and dissemination of
knowledge in the broad range of disciplines relevant and
responsive to the dynamically changing domestic and international
environments.
3. Access and Equity. Broadening the access of deserving and
qualified students to educational opportunities.
4. Efficiency and Effectiveness. Optimizing of social, institutional
and individual returns and benefits derived from the utilization of
higher educational resources.
Sarmiento Campus Research Manual
Sarmiento Campus Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives Objectives The objectives of the Undergraduate Degree Programs are
the following:

Vision The Bulacan State University envisions itself to be one of the Bachelor of Elementary Education
country’s leading institutions in developing graduates capable of responding
to the needs of the region and the demands of global standards. Aspiring to
improve the quality of life of the people and promote the socio-economic 1.
development of its service areas, the institution shall pursue excellence in
its programs and will manage its affairs with efficiency and effectiveness.
2.
Mission The University shall provide higher professional, technical and
special instruction for special purposes and promote research and extension
services, advanced studies and progressive leadership in Agriculture, 3.
Commerce, Education, Fishery, Engineering, Arts and Sciences, Law,
Medicine, Public Administration, Technical and other fields as may be
relevant. Bachelor of Secondary Education
Goals Ensuring the attainment of empowered and globally competitive
graduates through:
1.
1. Quality and Excellence. Promoting quality and relevant
educational programs that meet international standards.
2.
2. Relevance and Responsiveness. Generation and dissemination of
3.
knowledge in the broad range of disciplines relevant and
responsive to the dynamically changing domestic and international
4.
environments.
3. Access and Equity. Broadening the access of deserving and
5.
qualified students to educational opportunities.
4. Efficiency and Effectiveness. Optimizing of social, institutional
and individual returns and benefits derived from the utilization of
higher educational resources. Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Major: Generalist
To provide general education to students for them to appreciate
human ideas and values, develop in them critical thinking, research
capability, creativity and good work habits;
To provide professional education to develop students’ skills in
applying methods and techniques in teaching vital for effective and
efficient delivery of instruction; and
To promote co-curricular activities for the development of personal
discipline and responsible membership in society.
Major: English
Math
Physical Science
To provide high quality academic instruction personal
development;
To provide career and professional readiness to the advancing
information technology;
To equip the learner with relevant knowledge skills for a life of
service to humanity;
To cultivate the spirit of inquiry so that prospective secondary
teachers may become effective agents of change both in the school
and in the community; and
To become familiar with the different principles, philosophical
outlooks, theories, methods and techniques that will equip the
learner in his area of specialization.

1. To provide students with holistic training by introducing new

technologies in Information and Communication Technology and
allowing them to experience actual workplace environment;
 2. To inculcate discipline towards the achievements of professional
competencies, integrity, moral and ethical values;
3. To produce students knowledgeable in programming, networking,
database management and with expertise on systems analysis and
design by providing appropriate trainings and laboratories; and
4. To promote culture and teamwork, discipline, good study habits
and standards of learning by exploring hardware and software
technology in an environment conducive to learning.
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in:
Management
Entrepreneurship
1. Offer academic programs in the Social Sciences and Philosophy
that are relevant in national development and grounded on
scientific understanding of Philippine society and culture;
2. Conduct research based instructions as part of the General
Education Programs of the university; and
3. Provide continuing Social Science education through seminars,
symposiums and workshop to local and national schools, colleges
and universities that purport to enhance and update course contents
and introduce innovative methods of instructions in any discipline
of Social Sciences and Philosophy.
Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
1. Pursue institutional programs by delivering basic, advanced and
innovative educational services;
2. Continuously develop, implement and monitor instruction and
academic programs to ensure graduates acquire the knowledge and
skills required by the industry;
3. Instill desirable work and moral values while imbued a strong
sense of nationalism among the graduates;
4. Establish functional and relevant linkages with external
stakeholders.
Bachelor in Industrial Technology
Major in:
Computer Technology
Food Technology
Electronics Technology
Drafting Technology
Ensuring the attainment of empowered and globally competitive
technicians and middle managers through:
1. Provision of technological education that is nationalist in character,
but meets the international standards of quality and excellence;
2. Generation and diffusion of technological knowledge in the broad
range of discipline relevant and responsive to the dynamically
changing domestic and international environment;
3. Broadening student access to technological education,
opportunities; and
4. Optimizing the social, institutional and individual returns and
benefits derived from the utilization of technological resources.
University Mission in Research & Development
Statement of Principles: The University is committed to cultivate
and nurture the research culture if the BulSU academic community and to
conduct development-directed, innovative ad quality researches that are
responsive to the needs of the society (BulSU Code Article VI, section 1).
Policies: The University has the following policies on research and
development:
1. Every member of the academic community shall be encouraged to
conduct research.
2. Members of the academic community, with approved research
proposal shall be provided with following administrative support:
a. adequate financial assistance;
b. adequate library resources and official endorsement to
other libraries;
 c. appropriate and adequate facilities; and
d. adequate time for research activities.
3. All research activities shall be based on the program thrusts and
priority areas initiated by the University, CHED, DOST, NEDA,
CLIERDEC and other funding agencies.
4. The Research and Development Center shall be adequately staffed
with competent and productive manpower.
The Research and Development Center (RDC)
Vision The RDC aspires to be a truly dynamic and productive resource of
the University making significant contributions to the development of an
academic community equipped with the expertise to conduct technology-
directed, innovative, creative and quality research and involved in the
pursuit of institutional, regional and national development goals.
Mission The RDC helps to promote quality education and improve the
productive capacity of the people in the service areas and guided by the
policies and thrusts of the institution and the regional and national
developmental goals.
The RDC is committed to:
1. Generate knowledge in the broad range disciplines that is relevant
and responsive to the challenges if a dynamically changing
domestic and international socio-economic environment;
2. Undertake research initiatives to support curricular enrichment
and upgrade instructional delivery systems;
3. Generate baseline data and institutional statistical information
useful to a wide range of university development efforts;
4. Encourage and develop faculty and personnel competence in
writing and applied research and development projects; and;
5. Establish strong and functional linkages and collaborate in research
endeavors with government agencies, research institutions,
consortia, and industry and non-government organizations.
Goals The RDC has the following goals:
1. To spearhead efforts at enhancing the competencies of the faculty
members, personnel and students in conducting and reporting
researchers;
2. To establish and support the functions of research committees in
every campus/collage of the University;
3. To set up an institutional data and management information
system;
4. To assist faculty and personnel who are in the process of writing
their thesis/dissertation;
5. To disseminate and publish the findings of research and other
relevant information;
6. To substantially involve the faculty members in research
undertakings along the their lines of specialization;
7. To institutionalize research competency as an integral component
of the human resource development program of the University;
8. To provide statistical and data analysis services to the institution;
9. To link with the local, regional, national and international agencies
to source funds for the advancement of the research program of the
University; and
10. To assist the University in conducting financial and other
administrative researches such as market studies, feasibility studies
and other business researches.
Objectives
General: To evaluate the quality of research in terms of utilization for
institutional and community development at the same time determines the
factors in the creation quality research among institutions.
Specific:
1. To evaluate the research quality of the institutions as revealed by
the institutional development and community development;
2. To evaluate the type of researches undertaken and if it answers the
need of all institutions and society;
3. To determine the amount and type of research that are actually
undertaken and applied;
 4. To determine the specific factors or conditions contributory to the
development of quality research; and
5. To evaluate manpower as related to the production of research that
can be successfully undertaken and applied.
Specific Functions
The more specific functions of the RDC are:
1. To spearhead and coordinate endeavors to promote research
awareness and among the faculty members;
2. To organize annual in-house research reviews;
3. To functionally link the University with research and development
consortia and scientific bodies in both government and private
sectors;
4. To provide directions and rationalize the activities of the
University Research Council; and
5. To represent the University in the Central Luzon Industry and
Energy Research and Development Consortium (CLIERDEC) and
other established organizations engaged in research undertakings.
BulSU-Sarmiento Campus Research and Development Office
Vision The BulSU-SC Research Office aspires to be a truly dynamic
and productive source of knowledge making significant contributions to the
development of technology – directed, innovative, creative and quality
researches relevant to the ever changing socio-economic developmental
needs of the communities and institutions that it serves.
Mission Tasked to help promote quality education and improve the
productive capacity of the people in the service areas and guided by the
policies and thrusts of the Institution and the regional and national
developmental goals.
The BulSU-SC Research Office is committed to:
1. Cultivate and nurture a research culture in the BSU-SC academic
community;
2. Generate knowledge in the broad range of disciplines that is
relevant and responsive to the challenges of a dynamically
changing domestic and international socio-economic environment;
3. Undertake research initiatives to support curricular enrichment and
upgrade instructional delivery systems;
4. Generate baseline data and institutional statistical information
useful to a wide range of university development efforts;
5. Encourage and develop faculty and personnel competence in
writing research proposals and feasibility studies and in conducting
quality basic and applied research and developmental projects; and
6. Establish strong functional linkages and collaborate in research
endeavors with government agencies, research institutions,
consortia, and industry and non-government organizations.
Goals To actualize its mission within the next five years, the BulSU-SC
Research Office commits itself to the following goals:
1. Initiate efforts at upgrading faculty and personnel competency in
conducting and reporting quality researches and development
projects;
2. Set-up an information system and data bank;
3. Assist faculty and personnel who are in the process of writing
research reports;
4. Disseminate and publish research findings and other relevant
information.
Areas of Concern for Research and Development
1. Energy
 conventional energy (oil and gas geothermal, coal, hydro)
 non-conventional energy (biomass, solar, wind)
 energy conservation and utilization
2. Climate Change
 impacts of climate change on biodiversity
 impacts of climate change on food supply
3. Food
 preservation of foods
 maintenance of food quality
  processing of food safely and efficiently

4. Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Bachelor of Secondary Education

 promotion of small and medium sized business producing products Major: English
to academe and community through publications seminars and Math
teaching Physical Science
 impact of bridging traditional gaps between the tertiary education
and small business sector 1. Program/ Curricular studies on Teacher Education, including
 status and profitability of processed foods, jewelry, tannery, gifts assessment of present program/ curricula for purposes of
and toys, house wares, wearables, health and wellness and service determining how these could be imposed for a better and quality
industry teacher education program across the various disciplines in the
 identification of training needs of SME operators to determine the field of education.
need of holding lectures by business executives with advanced 2. Researches within the context of:
management skills
a. financing of student researches
b. higher level of accreditation in the Education department
5. Waste Management
c. institutional development studies
 assessment of water resources, salt water infusions, ground
subsidence, air pollution and health, toxic gases, noise pollution d. graduate tracer studies
and heat e. redefining classroom instructions
f. technology and teacher education program
6. Biotechnology g. achievement of quality teacher education program
 researches on enzymes, organic acids, microbially generated
industrial chemical, bioconversions and other Business Administration Department:
 environmental management such as urban waste treatment,
industrial waste treatment and biosafety Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
 researches on medicinal plants Major in:
Management
7. Information and Communication Technology Entrepreneurship
 information systems applications
 networking facilities 1. The objective of the program is to provide a holistic, up to date,
 support infrastructure and technological know how diverse, and eclectic but comprehensive and relevant curriculum
which will help develop students capable of holding responsible
Research Thrusts positions in a business organization and produce graduates with a
competitive and innovative mindset, technical skills, creativity, and
discipline needed to organize and manage a business firm.
Education Department:
2. Researchers within the field of:
Bachelor of Elementary Education a. General knowledge such as: philosophy and evolution of
Major: Generalist management thought, management concepts/theories –
 marketing, finance, operations, human resources, ethics and administration, and familiar with hardware installation, operation and
social responsibility, business education and industry studies, maintenance.
economic development;
Priority Research Topics:
b. Technical knowledge such as: organizational development,
financial management, market research and analysis, 1. Software Development
operational research, advertising and marketing, human a. Software customization
behavior studies, business planning and feasibility studies and b. Information systems development for an actual client
business systems analysis and designs. c. Web applications development
d. Mobile computing systems
Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant
Management 2. Multimedia Systems
a. Game development
1. The main objective of the program is primarily to train the b. E-learning systems
students on the theoretical underpinnings and application of c. Interactive systems
practical and managerial knowledge and functions of hotel and d. Information kiosks
restaurant operations, culinary arts, food service, hospitality
education and research to become successful restaurateurs and
3. Network design and implementation and server farm
hoteliers.
configuration and management
2. Researchers within the field of:
a. General knowledge such as: organizational and 4. IT Management
management skills, restaurant and hotel operations a. IT Strategic Plan for sufficient complex enterprise
manager, culinary arts and science, leisure and recreation, b. IT Security Analysis, Planning and Implementation
economics and tourism, business operations,
housekeeping; Requirements for Capstone Project:
1. Student should have finished all of the IT subjects as well as
b. Technical Knowledge such as: front office staffing/
the minor subjects from first year to fourth year 1st semester
managing, food and beverage production and styling,
before he/she could take the Capstone Project subject and be
executive chef, independent catering, cruise line staff,
bartendering, purchasing and sanitation, facility planning. a candidate for graduation as well.

Information and Technology Department: Industrial Technology Department

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Bachelor in Industrial Technology Major in Computer Technology
The program prepares students to be IT Professionals, be well
The Bachelor in Industrial Technology Major in Computer
versed on application, operation, development, maintenance and
Technology program prepares students to be Computer
Technician/Professionals, be well trained in the fields of both hardware
and software technology, maintenance and network management. Certificate in Industrial Technology Major in Electronics
Technology
Priority Research Topics: The Certificate in Electronics Engineering Technology
1. Network Systems prepares students for entry-level electronics technician positions or
a. Wired and wireless network management. assists students with advancement within the field. It includes basic
b. Network Security. amplifier system, radio laws and semiconductor systems.
2. Hardware Systems
a. Instructional Aids/ Materials. Priority Research Topics:
b. Digital Closed Circuit Television Management 1. Advanced Electronic Systems
c. Equipment Management and monitoring. a. Digital Electronics
b. Wireless Communications
Requirement for Capstone Project: c. LED and LCD Technology
1. Student should have finished all the subjects from 1st year to 4th
year 1st semester before he/she could take the Capstone Project
subject and be a candidate for graduation.

Bachelor in Industrial Technology Major in Food Technology

Guidelines in the Thesis Preparation, Defense and Processing
The Bachelor in Industrial Technology Major in Food Technology
program prepares the students in the application of the technical aspects 1. Thesis Title
of food or food science to the processing, selection, preservation,
packaging and distribution of safe and healthy food. The thesis title should be submitted to the Specialization
Committee through the BulSU-SC Research Coordinator. As only one title
submitted may not meet the expectations of the Specialization Committee,
Priority Research Topics: three titles arranged according to the order of preference of the student will
1. Food Processing be required. Every title proposal should be justified in terms of contribution
a. Meat Processing to knowledge and relevance to contemporary problem conditions in the
b. Vegetables and fruit processing field of specialization. The title proposal includes the following:
2. Food Preservation Technology
3. Transgenic Foods.
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Requirement for Capstone Project: Statement of the Problem
1. Student should have finished all the subjects from 1st year to 4th Significance of the Study
year 1st semester before he/she could take the Capstone Project Scope and delimitation of the Study
subject and be a candidate for graduation. References
 The proposal defense is the second step of the thesis writer. It shall
2. Thesis Title Presentation include include the detailed presentation of the study. It should contain
already the following:
The thesis presentation should be conducted to crystallize the
research viewpoints and directions that the student proposes to pursue. One CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
title from among the three earlier submitted shall be considered/approved Introduction
by the Panel of Evaluators. Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
3. Composition of Specialization Committee Scope and delimitation of the Study

There shall be a Specialization Committee for every Degree Program. CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The Committee shall approve the title of the study that the student will Relevant Theories
Related Literature
develop in the thesis course.
Related Studies
Conceptual Framework
4. The Thesis Title Proposal and its Clearance Hypothesis
Definition of Variables
a. After the submission of the three (3) copies of title proposal to the
BulSU-SC Research Coordinator, the student shall be scheduled
for presentation (first step) after the Specialization Committee shall CHAPTER III METHODS OF RESEARCH
have gone over the proposal for its improvement in research Methods and Techniques of the Study
Population and Sample of the Study
direction, approach and procedure.
Research Instruments
b. After the title has been presented and approved by the Data Collection Procedure
Specialization Committee, thesis adviser and critic shall be Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
appointed by the Campus Administrator. References
c. The Proponents can now choose their thesis Adviser as approved Questionnaire
by the Campus Administrator.
d. The Adviser will guide the Proponents from the time they choose 6. The Thesis Adviser
the title and when they present the paper for proposal and final
The thesis adviser shall have a maximum of five (5) active
defense. advisees and shall be responsible for the following aspects of adviser’s
e. The Panel of Evaluators for the defense should be identical to the work:
rest of the presentation until such time that the paper is finalized. a. provides direction in gathering, organizing and analyzing of data;
f. The Panel of Evaluators may be chosen by the researchers but will b. gives pointers on the methodology of research and implementation
be approved by the Campus Administrator. of research/design;
c. provides guidance in form and format in thesis writing; and
d. prepares the advisee to be mentally and emotionally ready for the
5. Proposal Defense oral defense of the thesis.
 e. appointment of thesis adviser shall be formally announced by
Campus Administrator, with following documents: Chairman – Specialist in the field
i. Appointment form to be filled up the designated adviser and Members may be composed of the following:
approved by the Campus Administration; a. Editor
ii. No payment will be made not unless all documents are b. Statistician
submitted;
iii. All documents will be filed in the BulSU-SC Research Office. 11. Oral Defense of the Thesis.

7. Research Critic a. The thesis shall be defended orally by the degree candidate before
a panel headed by a Chairman to the designated by the Campus
The research critic shall: Administrator.
b. The members shall constitute of the research Critic and experts in
1. collaborate with the thesis adviser; the area of the candidate’s study.
2. evaluate and approve the research design before the research is c. The Panel of Evaluators for the defense should be identical
conducted; and to the rest of the presentation until such time that the paper is
3. re-examine and endorse the thesis prior to the submission for oral finalized.
defense.
d. The Panel of Evaluators may be chosen by researchers but will
be approved by the Campus Administrator.
8. Criteria for the Selection of the Adviser
e. The Chairman of the Panel of Evaluators must be educationally
a. The adviser shall be selected on the basis of his/her competence in qualified with at least a Masters or Doctorate Degree.
research and/or the subject area of the study. No one who has not f. The Members may be chosen from the respective fields that is
written a thesis himself shall be an adviser in thesis writing. vertically aligned to the topic of the researcher.
b. The Instructor of the student research is not qualified to become g. When the Campus Administrator is not himself/herself a member
the paper Adviser. of the panel, he/she may sit as an observer and consultant on the
rules.
9. The Role of Thesis Adviser and Research Critic
h. The final thesis should contain the following:
The following reminders shall be observed by the thesis adviser and
critic: TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
a. discuss and guide rather than dictate the research perspective; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
b. criticize, comment on and explain the procedures rather than do the DEDICATION
work for the researcher; and ABSTRACT
c. refer the researcher to service units for essential services like TABLE OF CONTENTS
typing, statistical consultancy and editing rather than do the work LIST OF TABLES
for the student. LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
10. Criteria for the Selection of the members of the Panel of CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Evaluators. CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 CHAPTER III METHODS OF RESEARCH
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND The number of panel members or examiners
INTERPRETATION OF DATA composed of the following:
APPENDICES
REFERENCES (APA Format) Title Presentation ►3 panel members
CURRICULUM VITAE
Proposal Defense ►Chairman
►Adviser
12. Criteria for Examiners in Evaluating Thesis during Defense ►Critic
►Member
a. Contribution of Knowledge – 20%
b. Organization of the Content – 10% Final/Oral Defense ►Chairman
c. Data Presentation and analysis – 10% ►Adviser
d. Form and Format – 10% ►Critic
e. Evidence of Original Thinking – 30% ►Member
f. Knowledge of the subject matter – 10% ►Member
g. Command of the language – 5%
h. Attitude/Poise (receptive to suggestion, defensive, etc.) – 5%
h. The Campus Administrator and the BulSU-SC Research
Coordinator are always are included in the panel of examiners.
13. Procedure in the Defense
i. There shall be authorized fees set by BulSU-SC to be paid by the
The oral defense will be scheduled by the Research Coordinator Proponets to the Admin Office and shall be corresponding paid to
upon submission of the thesis with the endorsement of the Adviser and Thesis Advise, Critic, Chairman and Panel of Evaluators
Critic.During the oral- defense, the following procedures shall be observed: respectively upon approval of thesis.
a. The Campus Administrator shall introduce the panel members.
14. Processing of the Thesis
b. The Adviser introduces the advisee to the members of the panel.
c. The candidate gives a ten-minute summary of his/her thesis. After the defense, the thesis shall be corrected, improved and edited
d. The panel members will conduct evaluation and oral questioning along the suggestions of the panel of examiners as noted by the Research
on the substantive aspect of the thesis. Coordinator. The final copy will have to be presented to the Chair and
e. The recommendations of the panel members will be summarized members of the oral defense panel, who after having been satisfied that the
by the Subject Instructor to be given to the candidate. suggestions have been complied with the candidate, sign the approval sheet.
f. The candidate will be graded based on the existing criteria. The editing of the thesis shall the exclusive responsibility of the candidate
under the supervision of the thesis adviser.
High Pass (HP) 1.00–1.25
Pass (P) 1.26-1.25 The Campus Administrator is consulted before the printing of the
Low pass (LP) 1.76-2.00 thesis. One printed copy and soft copy must be submitted to the Research
Failure (F) Lower than 2.00 Coordinator.
g. The oral examination shall be held inside the BulSU-SC premises
for not more than two hours (2) hours for thesis.

Parts of the thesis
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
The text in thesis ordinarily begins with an introduction. The
introductory part consists of the following sub-components: Introduction,
Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study amd Scope and
Delimitation of the Study. Citations made in this portion should be reflected
at the end of the chapter.
Introduction
The introduction will explain the background of the thesis topic,
review what the student knows about the subject, and detail any research
that is relevant to the thesis. The primary objective of the introduction is to
capture the interest of the audience, so it should be written in a clear and
easy-to-understand style.
The introduction of a thesis should contain a discussion of the
following:
 Presentation of the problem
 Existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that needs
a solution
 Rationale of the study
 Historical background of the study
 A desire to have adeeper and clearer understanding of a situation
 A desire to discover something
 A link between the Introduction and the Statement of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
The problem provides the content for the research study and
typically generates questions which the research hopes to answer. In
considering whether or not to move forward with a research project, you
will generally spend some time considering the problem. Typically, the
question contains two variables, a measurable relationship, and some
indication of population. The purpose of the literature search that follows is
to answer the research problem question. If the literature cannot answer the
question, the research is needed to do so. Below are guides in the selection
of a research problem.
Sources of a Research Problem
 Experience and observation
 The vast amount of literature in your own field
 Courses that you have taken
 Journals, books, magazines, or abstracts
 Theses and Dissertation
 Your Professor and Your Classmates
Elements of a Research Problem
 Aim or purpose of the problem for investigation.
 The subject matter or topic to be investigated.
 The place or locale where the research is to be conducted.
 The period or time of study during which data are to be
gathered.
 Population or universe from whom data are to be
collected.
Criteria in the Selection of a Research Problem
 Novelty and avoidance fo an unnecessary duplication
 Significance for the field represented and implementation
 Interest, intellectual, curiosity, and drive
 Sponsorship and administrative cooperation
 Cost and returns
 Time factor
 Training and personal qualification
 Availability of data or method
 Special equipment and working conditions
Guidelines in the Selection of a Research Problem
 The research problem or topic must be chosen by the
researcher.
 It must be within the interest of the researcher.
  It must be within the specialization of the researcher.
 It must be within the comptence of the researcher to
tackle.
 It must be within the ability of the researcher to finance.
 It is researchable and manageable.
Selecting a Research Problem
 Analyzing the research problem.
 Identifying the variable.
 Stating the problem.
 Evaluating the problem.
 Setting up a sub-problem.
 Presentation of the problem.
Criteria of Good Problems and Problem Statement
 The problem should express a relation between two or
more variables. It asks, in effect, questions like is A
related to B? How are A and B related to C? How is A
related to B under conditions C and D. The exception to
this dictum occurs mostly in taxonomic or methodological
research.
 The problem should be stated clearly and unambiguously
in question form. Questions have the virtue of posing
problems directly. The purpose of a study is not
necessarily the same as the problem of a study.
 The problem and the problem statement should be such as
to imply prossibilities of empirical testing. A problem that
does not contain implications for testing its stated
relations is not a scientific problem. This means not only
that an actual relations is not a scientific problem. This
means not only that an actual relations is stated, but also
that the variables of the relation can somehow is stated,
but also that the variables of the relation can somehow be
measured. Many interesting and important questions are
not scientific questions simply because they are not
amenable to testing.
Significance of the Study
It is to the advantage of the researcher to state akk the significant
contributions that this study will make, as follows:
 rational, timeliness and/or relevance of the study should be clearly
stated;
 contribution to the accumulation of knowledge, or to filling up a
knowledge or gap;
 contribution to building, validating or refining prevailing theories;
 contribution to meeting a pressing need of a specific group like
solving a problem or improving certain conditions; possible
implications; and
 contribution to refining concepts, improving research
instumentation and methodologies.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Scope defines the coverage or boundary of the study in terms of
the area or locality and subjects or population covered, the duration or
period of the study and the research issues are focused.
Limitations are statements, which alert the reader of the research
report to certain constraints over the researcher has no control. Delimitation
defines the conditions beyond the control of the researcher that may place
restrictions on the conclusions of the study and their application or other
situations. It should include the following:
 A brief statement of the general purpose of the study;
 The subject matter and topics studied and discussed;
 The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the
identity to which the data belong;
 The population or universe from which the respondents were
selected; and
 The period of study.

CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A theoretical framework discusses and explains how the researcher
theorizes the interrelationships among the variables that have been
identified and as relevant to the problem. The discussion integrates the
logical beliefs of the researcher with the findings of earlier researches as the
scientific basis for investigating the problem.
Relevant Theories
A theory is set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions and
propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying
relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the
phenomena.
Basically, theory helps provide a framework by serving as the
point departure for the pursuit of a research problem. The theory identifies
the crucial factors. It provides a guide for systematizing and interrelating
the various facets of the research. However, besides providing the
systematic view of the factors under study, the theory also may very well
identify gaps, weak points, and may light the way for continued research on
the phenomena under study.
In presenting the relevant theories, the researcher should consider
the following important concerns:
 the theories should be based on the variables presented in the
problem
 after the discussion of every theory, state the relavance of the
theory of the present study
 use the primary source
Related Literature
Literature review is an integral component of the scientific process.
It composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present
study is related.
Included in the presentation/discussions are the following:
 provide an introductory paragraph
 present first the dependent variables
 all variables should be provided with literature
 organize the literature on the basis of the variables
 use recent materials
 provide transitory paragraph
Related Studies
These are studies, inquiries or investigations already conducted to
which the present study is related or has some bearing or similarity. The
researcher should:
 provide an introductory paragraph
 focus the studies on the IV and DV
 state the similarities and differences of the reviewed studies to the
present study
 organize the presentation based on the variables
Importance/Functions of Related Literature and Studies
 Guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a better research
problem or topic.
 Help the researcher understand the topic.
 Ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies.
 Help and guide the researcher in locating more sources of related
information.
Conceptual Framework
This presents the relationship between the different specific
constructs of the study. A construct is a clearly defined concept.
  It is a complete presentation of the variables to be observed in the
current study.
 It is the ideas defines in a way the researcher wants. SAMPLE 3 (Influence of the MV on the Effects of the IV on the DV)
 It is understood in the current research, the visible indicators or the
variables and the scheme of measuring the variables. Independent Variables Dependent Variables
 It focuses on the specific variables with respect to the particular
research problem.

Examples of Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework

of the Study
Moderating Variables
SAMPLE 1 (Relationship between the IV and the DV)
Independent Variables Dependent Variables

SAMPLE 4 (IV1 DV1/IV2 DV2)

IV1 DV1/IV2 DV2

SAMPLE 2 (Effects of the IV and the DV)

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

 Types of Hypotheses:

SAMPLE 5 (IV1 DV1 MV1/IV2 DV2 MV2) 1. Null – stated in the negative form
IV1 DV1/IV2 DV2 2. Operational – stated in the affirmative form

Examples of Null Hypotheses:

1. There is no significant relationship between the IV and the DV.

2. The IV does not significantly affect the DV.
3. The IV does not significantly affect the DV, controlling for the
MV MV MV.
4. There is no significant difference between the perceptions of A &
B.

Examples of Operational Hypotheses:

SAMPLE 6 (I – P – O) 1. There is a significant relationship between the IV and the DV.

2. The IV significantly affects the DV.
Input Process Output
3. The IV significantly affects the DV, controlling for the MV.
4. There is a significant difference between the perceptions of A & B.

Definition of Variable

All terms found in the paradigm of the study (independent and

dependent variable) should be defined conceptually and/or operationally,
Hypothesis and it should be arranged alphabetically.

It is a proposition or an assumption stating what is to be resolved.

It states the relationship between two and more social phenomena. It can be CHAPTER III
proven true or false by facts.
METHODS OF RESEARCH
The purpose of evaluating or testing a hypothesis is to determine
the probability that it is supported by fact, but since a hypothesis is a This chapter presents the methods and techniques of the study, the
general expectation about the relationship between variables, there are a population and sample, the research instrument, the data gathering
number of instances under which it can be tested, (Tuckman: 1972). A procedure and the data processing and statistical treatment used.
hypothesis would have to be tested for many groups, in many ways subjects
and many settings and with many criteria before it can be accepted.
Method and Techniques of the Study
The method of research used should be explained briefly. The
procedural part of the method, its appropriateness to the study and some of
its advantages should be given attention and should be well discussed. The
design used is specified at the start which should be clear and appropriate,
e.g. descriptive, historical, experimental, qualitative (ethnographic, ex-post
facto).
This section should also outline the research plan. It describes in
detail what will be done, how it will be done, what data will be needed, and
what data-gathering devices will be used. It describes the actual steps
carried out in conducting the study.
Population and Sample of the Study
The Population refers to any set of people from which the sample
is selected and to which the study results will generalize. The Sample, on
the other hand, is a group of people drawn from a population. A research
study is carried out on a sample from a population.
A detailed discussion about the respondents and the criteria use din
choosing them should be presented. It could be better if a table for the
distribution of respondents will be placed.
Purpose of Sampling
 Sampling makes possible the study of a large,
heterogenous population.
 Sampling is for economy.
 Sampling is for speed.
 Sampling is for accuracy.
Research Instruments
The research instruments are testing devices for measuring a given
phenomenon, such as a paper and pencil test, a questionnaire, an interview a
research tool, or a set of guidelines for observation.
A description of the adaptation, construction, validation and
administration of instruments should be included in the discussion. Also,
discuss the instrument on the basis of the variables (source, brief
background, how many set/parts, etc.)
Data Gathering Procedure
Data are what research is searching for and which are subjected to
analysis, statistical procedures and interpreting so that inferences, principles
or generalization are drawn.
The procedures followed in conducting a study should be
explained in complete detail. Techniques, devices and procedures followed
should be described.
 In case of experiments, this section should instructions to the
participants, the information of the groups, the experimental
manipulations and control features in the design.
 Remember that the method section tells the reader what you did,
how you did it.
 Any error or weaknesses in the procedures that have been
discovered during the conduct of the research should be pointed
out and any consequent limitations upon the research results
should be fully noted.
The availability of a wide array of data collection methods and
techniques has given researchers the problem of determining and selecting
the best method. Experts define the best as one that is appropriate/suitable
to the research objectives and design, data the investigator wants to generate
and the availability of resources: money, time and personnel.
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
Once the measuring instruments have been retrieved, the next
major activities in research undertaking are the data processing of
accomplished questionnaire into quantitative and qualitative forms. Both the
qualitative and quantitative forms are involved in data processing to arrive
to precise analysis and interpretation of the results.
The kind of statistical treatment depends upon the nature of the
problem and the nature of the data gathered. The functions of statistical
treatment include:
  identifies the research design
 determines the validity and reliability of the research instruments
 tests the hypotheses
 interprets the data
Most Commonly Used Statistical Tools/Techniques
 Descriptive Statistics
 Inferential Statistics
 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This section summarizes the collection of data and the statistical
treatment applied to them. The results should be presented in straight
forward and unbiased way. The presentation must be geared to the research
questions and the research hypotheses. Analyze the results of the statistical
computations and gives reasons why it happens.
Table should present the statistical results, analysis and
interpretation of the findings of the study. Support the findings with related
literature or studies.
SYNTHESIS
1. The title should be clear and concise.
2. The problem should be clearly stated and properly delimited. The
significance of the problem and the scope and delimitation of the
study should be clearly of the problem and hypothesis testable.
3. The review of theories, literature and studies should create a
unified theme to a line of thought throughout the review. They
must be adequately covered, the findings noted, well-organizes,
effective summary and the literature, studies and theories cited
must be directly relevant to the problem.
4. The research design must be described in detail, adequate samples
described and the relevant variables are recognized. The data
gathering technique should be appropriate, the validity and the
reliability of the instruments establishes.
5. The results should be stated clearly, statistically treated with the
appropriate use of tables and figures. There should be a logical
perceptive and objective analysis and interpretation on the
relationships or effects between or among variables. Discussion
must be clear and concise.
6. References should follow the American Psychological Association
(APA) format.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This last chapter contains the overview of the research. It gives a

brief statement of the problem, the procedures and findings. For the
conclusions, the hypotheses set in the study are answered. In making
recommendations, the researcher should avoid making opinionated
statement and suggestions not supported by evidence. It should be based on
the findings and conclusions of the study.
 CAPSTONE RESEARCH PROJECT FORMAT
(BSIT/ BIT Curriculum)

Chapter 1 - The Problem and Its Background Technical Staff

Introduction
Significance of the Study
Conceptual Framework Chair
Objectives of the Study
Definition of Terms
Scope and Delimitation of the Study Ma. Perpetua Arcilla-Serapio
Chapter II - Review of Related Literature and Studies
Chapter III - Research Methodology
Methods and Techniques Co-Chair
Instrument of the Study
Population and Sample of the Study
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment Dr. Pedro D. Abanador
Development Method
Development Cost
Cost Benefit Analysis
Programming Languages and Application
System Specifications
Consultant
System Requirements
Hardware Requirements Dr. Zenaida J. Buendia
Software Requirements
Chapter IV – Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Chapter V – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Appendix A - Diagrams Published by the Bulacan State University- Sarmiento Campus
Appendix B - Screen Shots
December 2011
Appendix C - Sample Codes
Appendix D - Questionnaire
Appendix E - Curriculum Vitae