Compression Member Design

1.) Design the lightest W-shape for the column laoded as shown, use AISC-ASD and A36 Steel
Fy = 248 Mpa k= 2.1
d1 = 6 m w= 40 KN/m
d2 = 2 m P= 30 KN
h= 4 m

For the Moving Load, we shall consider the influence line:

at section 1-1
ΣMA = 0
RB ( 6 ) = 1 (x)
RB = x/6 eq. 1

at section 2-2
considering the right of B
ΣMA = 0
RB ( 6 ) = 1 ( x - 8 )
RB = =1(8-x) eq. 2
(6) 6m 2m
RB
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Compression Member Design

Plotting the Influence line for the reaction at RB
at x = 0 RB = 0.000 using eq. 1
x= 6 RB = 1.000 using eq. 1
x= 2 RB = 1.000 using eq. 2 1.00 1.333
x= 0 RB = 1.333 using eq. 2

0.00

A B
8 m

Getting the highest possible value of RB by positioning the moving load on the highest ordinate,
together with it, we add the uniform loaded multiplied by the area of the influence line.

RB = 1.3333333 ( 30 ) + ( 0.5 ) (1.3333333 ) ( 8 ) ( 40 )

RB = 253,333.33 N
RB = P applied in the column as an axial load

Computing the Trail Area assuming that Fa = 0.5 Fy ; Fa = ### mpa

253,333 2043.010702 mm2

A = =
124

Try W10 x 12 [ The lightest ]

Properties A = 2,284 mm2 KL 2.1 (4) (1000) 421.48
= =
rx = 99.02 mm r 19.93
ry = 19.93 mm
w= 18.00 Kg/m

Cc = 2 π2 E 126.169 < 421.48 Long Column

√ Fy
=

12 π2 E 12 π2 (200,000) 5.80 Mpa

Fa = = =
23 (KL/r)2 23 (421.48) 2

P= A (Fa)
P= 2284 ( 5.8 )
P= 13,247.20 N IS LESSER THAN 253333.327 N UNSAFE

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Compression Member Design

Knowing the value of Cc, let us limit the value of r,
126.169 KL 2.1 (4) (1000)
= ;
r 126.169
r≤ 66.58 For long column consideration
r≥ 66.58 For short column consideration

Try W8 x 35
Properties A= 6,645 mm2 w= 52.30 Kg/m
rx = 89.19 mm
ry = 51.66 mm

KL 2.1 (4) (1000) 162.60 > 126.169 Long Column

= =
r 51.66

Long Column
12 π2 E 12 π2 (200,000) 38.96 Mpa
Fa = = =
23 (KL/r)2 23 (162.6) 2

P= A (Fa)
P= 6645 ( 38.96 )
P= 258,889.20 N IS GREATER THAN 253333.327 N SAFE

Considering it as a Short Column r≥ 66.58 mm For short column consideration

Try W10 x 88
Properties A = 16,710 mm2 w = 131.40 Kg/m
rx = 115.88 mm
ry = 66.77 mm

KL 2.1 (4) (1000) 125.81 < 126.169 Short Column

= =
r 66.77
3
S.F. = 5 3 125.81 1 125.81 1.91666 < 1.92 Ok to proceed
+ - =
3 8 126.169 8 126.169
2
248 1 125.81 65.07 Mpa
Fa = 1 - =
1.91666 2 126.17

P= A (Fa)
P= 16710 ( 65.07 )
P= ### N IS GREATER THAN 253333.327 N SAFE

Choosing between the two sections; I, as the designer will choose the lighter of the two,
W8 x 35 w = 52.3 Kg/m
W10 x 88 w = 131.4 Kg/m
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total length
8
 Design of Purlins
1.) Design the lightest LC-shape Purlin, use AISC-ASD and A36 Steel
Fy = 248 Mpa Wg = 0.114913 KN/m2
θ= 25.4 degrees WL = 0.15615 KN/m2
s1 = 0.419 m
L= 6 m

For the Normal Axis:

Wn = ( WL + Wg cos θ ) (s)
Wn = ( 0.15615 + 0.114913 cos(0.419)
Wn = 0.109 KN/m

For the Tangential Axis:

WT = Wg sin θ (s)
WT = 0.114913 sin 25.4 (0.419)
WT = 0.021 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.109 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 0.4905 KN-m

With Sag Rod:

considering the tangential axis:

WT

L/2 L/2

from table 9.-28 under misc Tables of the ASEP steel handbook <for continuous beams>

My+ = 0.07 (w) (L/2) 2

My+ = 0.07 ( 0.021 ) ( 3 ) 2
My+ = 0.0132 KN-m

My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2

My- = 0.125 ( 0.021 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0236 KN-m [ Use this value ]
Assume fx and fy to be 0.66 of Fy for compact members
Sx = Mx 0.4905 2,996.70 mm3
= =
fx 163.68
Sy = My 0.0236 144.18 mm3
= =
fy 163.68
J ayGee S TEEL JayGee STEEL
 Design of Purlins
Try Section 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
Relative properties
Sx = 10.90 x 103 mm3 L= 6 m
Sy = 3.70 x 10 mm3 3 Ix = 108 x 103 mm4
W= 3.04 Kg/m
Total Wn = Wn + W (0.00981)(cos θ)
Total Wn = 0.109 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( cos 25.4 )
Total Wn = 0.136 KN/m
Total WT = WT + W (0.00981)(sin θ)
Total WT = 0.021 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( sin 25.4 )
Total WT = 0.034 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.136 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 0.612 KN-m
My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2
My- = 0.125 ( 0.034 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0383 KN-m
fx = Mx 0.612 56.147 Mpa
= =
Sx 10.90
fy = My 0.0383 12.599 Mpa
= =
Sy 3.04
Checking the interaction:
fx + fy 56.147 + 12.599 0.42 SAFE
= =
0.66 ( Fy ) 0.66 ( 248 )
Check Resultant Deflection
∂ = √ ∂N ² + ∂T ² L/300 = 20 mm
5 Wt L
Rs = = 0.1275
8
5 Wn L4 5 0.136 6000 4
∂N = = = 1.0625E-10
384 EIx 384 200000 108000

Rs S 0.1275 0.419
∂T = = = 3.4010E-09
As Es ‫תּ‬ ²
10 200000
4
using 10 mm dia. Sag rod
∂= √ ∂N ² + ∂T ²
= √ 1.12891E-20 + 1.1567E-17 `
= 3.4026412511E-09 mm
or 0.000003 mm < 20 mm OK!!!
Therefore:
USE 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
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 Design of Purlins
1.) Design the lightest LC-shape Purlin, use AISC-ASD and A36 Steel
Fy = 248 Mpa Wg = 0.114913 KN/m2
θ= 25.4 degrees WL = 0.15615 KN/m2
s2 = 0.837 m
L= 6 m

For the Normal Axis:

Wn = ( WL + Wg cos θ ) (s)
Wn = ( 0.15615 + 0.114913 cos(0.837)
Wn = 0.218 KN/m

For the Tangential Axis:

WT = Wg sin θ (s)
WT = 0.114913 sin 25.4 (0.837)
WT = 0.041 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.218 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 0.981 KN-m

With Sag Rod:

considering the tangential axis:

WT

L/2 L/2

from table 9.-28 under misc Tables of the ASEP steel handbook <for continuous beams>

My+ = 0.07 (w) (L/2) 2

My+ = 0.07 ( 0.041 ) ( 3 ) 2
My+ = 0.0258 KN-m

My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2

My- = 0.125 ( 0.041 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0461 KN-m [ Use this value ]
Assume fx and fy to be 0.66 of Fy for compact members
Sx = Mx 0.981 5,993.40 mm3
= =
fx 163.68
Sy = My 0.0461 281.65 mm3
= =
fy 163.68
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 Design of Purlins
Try Section 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
Relative properties
Sx = 10.90 x 103 mm3 L= 6 m
Sy = 3.70 x 10 mm3 3 Ix = 108 x 103 mm4
W= 3.04 Kg/m
Total Wn = Wn + W (0.00981)(cos θ)
Total Wn = 0.218 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( cos 25.4 )
Total Wn = 0.245 KN/m
Total WT = WT + W (0.00981)(sin θ)
Total WT = 0.041 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( sin 25.4 )
Total WT = 0.054 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.245 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 1.103 KN-m
My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2
My- = 0.125 ( 0.054 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0608 KN-m
fx = Mx 1.103 101.147 Mpa
= =
Sx 10.90
fy = My 0.0608 20 Mpa
= =
Sy 3.04
Checking the interaction:
fx + fy 101.147 + 20 0.74 SAFE
= =
0.66 ( Fy ) 0.66 ( 248 )
Check Resultant Deflection
∂ = √ ∂N ² + ∂T ² L/300 = 20 mm
5 Wt L
Rs = = 0.2025
8
5 Wn L4 5 0.245 6000 4
∂N = = = 1.9141E-10
384 EIx 384 200000 108000

Rs S 0.2025 0.837
∂T = = = 1.0790E-08
As Es ‫תּ‬ ²
10 200000
4
using 10 mm dia. Sag rod
∂= √ ∂N ² + ∂T ²
= √ 3.66364E-20 + 1.1643E-16 `
= 1.0791925207E-08 mm
or 0.000011 mm < 20 mm OK!!!
Therefore:
USE 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
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 Design of Purlins
1.) Design the lightest LC-shape Purlin, use AISC-ASD and A36 Steel
Fy = 248 Mpa Wg = 0.114913 KN/m2
θ= 25.4 degrees WL = 0.15615 KN/m2
s3 = 0.869 m
L= 6 m

For the Normal Axis:

Wn = ( WL + Wg cos θ ) (s)
Wn = ( 0.15615 + 0.114913 cos(0.869)
Wn = 0.226 KN/m

For the Tangential Axis:

WT = Wg sin θ (s)
WT = 0.114913 sin 25.4 (0.869)
WT = 0.043 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.226 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 1.017 KN-m

With Sag Rod:

considering the tangential axis:

WT

L/2 L/2

from table 9.-28 under misc Tables of the ASEP steel handbook <for continuous beams>

My+ = 0.07 (w) (L/2) 2

My+ = 0.07 ( 0.043 ) ( 3 ) 2
My+ = 0.0271 KN-m

My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2

My- = 0.125 ( 0.043 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0484 KN-m [ Use this value ]
Assume fx and fy to be 0.66 of Fy for compact members
Sx = Mx 1.017 6,213.34 mm3
= =
fx 163.68
Sy = My 0.0484 295.70 mm3
= =
fy 163.68
J ayG ee S TEEL JayGee S TEEL
 Design of Purlins
Try Section 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
Relative properties
Sx = 10.90 x 103 mm3 L= 6 m
Sy = 3.70 x 10 mm3 3 Ix = 108 x 103 mm4
W= 3.04 Kg/m
Total Wn = Wn + W (0.00981)(cos θ)
Total Wn = 0.226 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( cos 25.4 )
Total Wn = 0.253 KN/m
Total WT = WT + W (0.00981)(sin θ)
Total WT = 0.043 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( sin 25.4 )
Total WT = 0.056 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.253 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 1.139 KN-m
My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2
My- = 0.125 ( 0.056 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.063 KN-m
fx = Mx 1.139 104.45 Mpa
= =
Sx 10.90
fy = My 0.063 20.724 Mpa
= =
Sy 3.04
Checking the interaction:
fx + fy 104.45 + 20.724 0.76 SAFE
= =
0.66 ( Fy ) 0.66 ( 248 )
Check Resultant Deflection
∂ = √ ∂N ² + ∂T ² L/300 = 20 mm
5 Wt L
Rs = = 0.21
8
5 Wn L4 5 0.253 6000 4
∂N = = = 1.9766E-10
384 EIx 384 200000 108000

Rs S 0.21 0.869
∂T = = = 1.1618E-08
As Es ‫תּ‬ ²
10 200000
4
using 10 mm dia. Sag rod
∂= √ ∂N ² + ∂T ²
= √ 3.90680E-20 + 1.3497E-16 `
= 1.1619355508E-08 mm
or 0.000012 mm < 20 mm OK!!!
Therefore:
USE 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
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 Design of Purlins
1.) Design the lightest LC-shape Purlin, use AISC-ASD and A36 Steel
Fy = 248 Mpa Wg = 0.114913 KN/m2
θ= 25.4 degrees WL = 0.15615 KN/m2
s4 = 0.9 m
L= 6 m

For the Normal Axis:

Wn = ( WL + Wg cos θ ) (s)
Wn = ( 0.15615 + 0.114913 cos(0.9)
Wn = 0.234 KN/m

For the Tangential Axis:

WT = Wg sin θ (s)
WT = 0.114913 sin 25.4 (0.9)
WT = 0.044 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.234 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 1.053 KN-m

With Sag Rod:

considering the tangential axis:

WT

L/2 L/2

from table 9.-28 under misc Tables of the ASEP steel handbook <for continuous beams>

My+ = 0.07 (w) (L/2) 2

My+ = 0.07 ( 0.044 ) ( 3 ) 2
My+ = 0.0277 KN-m

My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2

My- = 0.125 ( 0.044 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0495 KN-m [ Use this value ]
Assume fx and fy to be 0.66 of Fy for compact members
Sx = Mx 1.053 6,433.28 mm3
= =
fx 163.68
Sy = My 0.0495 302.42 mm3
= =
fy 163.68
J ayG ee S TEEL
 Design of Purlins
Try Section 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
Relative properties
Sx = 10.90 x 103 mm3 L= 6 m
Sy = 3.70 x 10 mm3 3 Ix = 108 x 103 mm4
W= 3.04 Kg/m
Total Wn = Wn + W (0.00981)(cos θ)
Total Wn = 0.234 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( cos 25.4 )
Total Wn = 0.261 KN/m
Total WT = WT + W (0.00981)(sin θ)
Total WT = 0.044 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( sin 25.4 )
Total WT = 0.057 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.261 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 1.175 KN-m
My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2
My- = 0.125 ( 0.057 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0641 KN-m
fx = Mx 1.175 107.752 Mpa
= =
Sx 10.90
fy = My 0.0641 21.086 Mpa
= =
Sy 3.04
Checking the interaction:
fx + fy 107.752 + 21.086 0.79 SAFE
= =
0.66 ( Fy ) 0.66 ( 248 )
Check Resultant Deflection
∂ = √ ∂N ² + ∂T ² L/300 = 20 mm
5 Wt L
Rs = = 0.21375
8
5 Wn L4 5 0.261 6000 4
∂N = = = 2.0391E-10
384 EIx 384 200000 108000

Rs S 0.21375 0.9
∂T = = = 1.2247E-08
As Es ‫תּ‬ ²
10 200000
4
using 10 mm dia. Sag rod
∂= √ ∂N ² + ∂T ²
= √ 4.15778E-20 + 1.4999E-16 `
= 1.2248670224E-08 mm
or 0.000012 mm < 20 mm OK!!!
Therefore:
USE 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
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 Design of Purlins
1.) Design the lightest LC-shape Purlin, use AISC-ASD and A36 Steel
Fy = 248 Mpa Wg = 0.114913 KN/m2
θ= 25.4 degrees WL = 0.15615 KN/m2
s5= 0.45 m
L= 6 m

For the Normal Axis:

Wn = ( WL + Wg cos θ ) (s)
Wn = ( 0.15615 + 0.114913 cos(0.45)
Wn = 0.117 KN/m

For the Tangential Axis:

WT = Wg sin θ (s)
WT = 0.114913 sin 25.4 (0.45)
WT = 0.022 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.117 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 0.5265 KN-m

With Sag Rod:

considering the tangential axis:

WT

L/2 L/2

from table 9.-28 under misc Tables of the ASEP steel handbook <for continuous beams>

My+ = 0.07 (w) (L/2) 2

My+ = 0.07 ( 0.022 ) ( 3 ) 2
My+ = 0.0139 KN-m

My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2

My- = 0.125 ( 0.022 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0248 KN-m [ Use this value ]
Assume fx and fy to be 0.66 of Fy for compact members
Sx = Mx 0.5265 3,216.64 mm3
= =
fx 163.68
Sy = My 0.0248 151.52 mm3
= =
fy 163.68
J ayG ee S TEEL
 Design of Purlins
Try Section 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
Relative properties
Sx = 10.90 x 103 mm3 L= 6 m
Sy = 3.70 x 10 mm3 3 Ix = 108 x 103 mm4
W= 3.04 Kg/m
Total Wn = Wn + W (0.00981)(cos θ)
Total Wn = 0.117 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( cos 25.4 )
Total Wn = 0.144 KN/m
Total WT = WT + W (0.00981)(sin θ)
Total WT = 0.022 + 3.04 ( 0.00981 ) ( sin 25.4 ) ``
Total WT = 0.035 KN/m

Mx = 0.125 (w) (L) 2

Mx = 0.125 ( 0.144 ) ( 6 ) 2
Mx = 0.648 KN-m
My- = 0.125 (w) (L/2) 2
My- = 0.125 ( 0.035 ) ( 3 ) 2
My- = 0.0394 KN-m
fx = Mx 0.648 59.45 Mpa
= =
Sx 10.90
fy = My 0.0394 12.961 Mpa
= =
Sy 3.04
Checking the interaction:
fx + fy 59.45 + 12.961 0.44 SAFE
= =
0.66 ( Fy ) 0.66 ( 248 )
Check Resultant Deflection
∂ = √ ∂N ² + ∂T ² L/300 = 20 mm
5 Wt L
Rs = = 0.13125
8
5 Wn L4 5 0.144 6000 4
∂N = = = 1.125E-10
384 EIx 384 200000 108000

Rs S 0.13125 0.45
∂T = = = 3.7600E-09
As Es ‫תּ‬ ²
10 200000
4
using 10 mm dia. Sag rod
∂= √ ∂N ² + ∂T ²
= √ 1.26563E-20 + 1.4138E-17 `
= 3.7617181501E-09 mm
or 0.000004 mm < 20 mm OK!!!
Therefore:
USE 90 x 45 x 15 x 2.0
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