Lesson 18: Physical and Chemical

Changes in Matter
Enduring Ideas

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

The three states or phases of matter are solid, liquid, and
gas.
Physical changes are changes that maintains the
substance identity.
Physical change can be reversed like a teaspoonful of salt
that dissolves in water and turns into salt again when
exposed to heat.
A new material is produced in chemical change, thus,
changing its substance
Lesson 19: Effects of Change in
Matter
Enduring Ideas
All kinds of matter are essential to our daily life.
Some changes in matter have harmful effects.
Ultraviolet rays bring harmful effects to all living things.
Air pollution is caused by the smoke emitted by cars and
factories. Carbon Monoxide is a harmful pollutant released
more in indoor places than in outdoor places.
Greenhouse effect or hothouse effect worsens earth’s
ozone layer. The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere results in the increase of temperature in the
atmosphere.
Burning abundant amount of fossil fuels like petroleum and
coal results to acid rain.
Water pollution is due to human activities that upset the
ecological balance.
Precautionary measures should be followed to protect
ourselves from the harmful effects of changes in matter.
 Lesson 20: Types of Energy

Enduring Ideas
Mechanical energy has two types: kinetic and potential
energy.
Kinetic energy is energy found in moving objects, in other
words, energy in motion.
A running car uses kinetic energy.
Potential energy is energy found in objects that are
stationary, or energy at rest.
A car parked uses potential energy.
We need energy to do all activities.
 Lesson 21: Other Forms of
Energy
Enduring Ideas
The sun is the major source of energy
Machines and all moving objects produce mechanical
energy
Chemical energy stored in food helps keep our body
warm and does work
Chemical energy produces heat
Electrical energy is associated with the movement of
electric charges.
Electro-magnetic energy is electric charges moving along
magnetic fields
Sound energy is capable of generating lift and propulsion
directly upon objects
Radiant energy comes from a glowing heat and radiates
to different directions
Nuclear energy is energy within the center of the atom
 Lesson 22: Transformation
of Energy
Enduring Ideas
There are several transformation of energy going around
us
The change of energy from one another form is known as
energy transformation
Electric energy is converted into mechanical energy when
the blades of electric fan starts to rotate
Energy transformation is important because some forms of
energy cannot be used as is. The forms of energy need to
be transformed.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy
cannot be destroyed nor created, but it can be
transformed to another energy
 Lesson 23: Force
Enduring Ideas
All stationary objects have two forces acting on them. These
forces are upward force and downward pull of gravity.
All forces have both magnitude and direction. The forces are
equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
The forces that cancel each other are called balanced
forces
The combined forces acting on an object are called the net
force
Unbalanced forces are unequal forces
 Lesson 24: Speed
Enduring Ideas
Forces cause motion. Objects move because of the force
given.
Motion is a change in position of an object with respect to its
stationary objects.
The simplest type of motion is called linear motion in a
straight line.
Speed describes the rate of motion. It is the distance
travelled per unit time.
To calculate speed, divide the total distance traveled by the
total time elapsed.
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 30 𝑘𝑚
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑 0.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

Velocity tells how fast or slow motion is, in a particular

direction.
Speed with direction indicates velocity
Vector quantity described velocity by using both magnitude
and direction, while scalar quantity tells us the magnitude
only
Speed is a scalar quantity while velocity is a vector quantity
 Main Topic
Everything you see is made up of matter. Matter is any
substance that has mass and occupies space. Air, water,
trees, trucks, 9 and even a grain of rice are examples of
matter. Matter comes in different forms, sizes, shapes, and
color.

Sub-Topic
 Unit III
Matter, Energy
and Motion