Biomechanics: Quiz 1

Basic Principles of Anatomy and

Biomechanics
Biomechanics – application of mechanical
principles in the study of living organism.
Mechanics- Branch of physics involving
analysis of the actions of forces, to study the
anatomical and functional aspects of the
living organism.
Statics- study of systems that are in a state
of constant motion, that is, either at rest Anatomical Position
(with no motion) or moving with a constant
velocity.  Person is standing erect
 Upper limbs by the side
Dynamics- study of systems in which  Face and palms directed forward
acceleration is present.
Kinesiology- study of human movement,
considered as both an art and science.
Kinematics- study of the description of
motion, including considerations of space
and time.
a) Osteokinematics- movement of bony
segments.
b) Arthrokinematics- movement of
joints.
Kinetics- study of the action of forces.
Anatomy
Science of the structure and function of the Paramedian and Median Saggital Plane
body. Paramedian Saggital Plane- Planes situated
Clinical- study of the macroscopic structure to one or the other side of the median plane
and function of the body as it relates to the and parallel to it.
practice of medicine and other health Median Saggital Plane- Vertical line passing
sciences. through the center of the body, dividing it
Basic- study of the minimal amount of into equal right and left halves.
anatomy consistent with the understanding
of the overall structure and function of the
body.
Biomechanics: Quiz 1

Anatomical Movements 4. Abbduction and Adduction-

movement in the coronal plane.
1. Pronation and Supination

2. Flexion and Extension- movement 5. Special Case- Thumb

that takes place in the saggital plane.

6. Internal Rotation- movement that

results in the anterior surface of the
part facing medially.

7. External Rotation- movment that

results in the anterior surface of the
3. Lateral Flexion- a movement of the
part facing laterally.
trunk in the coronal plane.
Biomechanics: Quiz 1

8. Ulnar and Radial Deviation

9. Protraction and Retraction

Other movements:
Biomechanics: Quiz 1
Cardinal Planes
Motions:
1. Frontal Plane (XY plane)
 Divides the body into the front and
back.
 Z axis / anterior-posterior axis
 Parallel to the frontal bone.
Movements:
 Abduction and adduction (hip,
shoulder, digits)
 Ulnar and radial deviation (a type of
abduction / adduction in the wrist)
 Laterial flexion or bending (neck,
trunk)
2. Saggital Plane (YZ plane)
 Parallel to saggital suture of the skull
 X axis / medial-lateral axis
 Divides the body into the right and
left
 Side view
Motions
 Flexion and Extension
 Dorsiflection and Plantarflexion
3. Horizontal Plane (XZ plane)
 Parallel to the horizon and the floor
 Y axis / longitudinal / vertical /
supero-inferior
 Divides the body into upper and
lower part
 Medial / lateral rotation
 Pronation / supination
 Eversion / inversion
Directional Terms
1. Superior (cranial / cephalic) - toward
the head, upper part
2. Inferior (caudal) - away from the
head, lower part of a structure or the
body below.
3. Anterior (ventral) - front of the body;
infront
4. Posterior (dorsal) - backside of the
body, behind
5. Medial- near the midline
6. Lateral- farther from the midline
7. Proximal- close to the origin of the
body part
8. Distal- Farther from the origin of the
body part
9. Superficial- toward or at the body
surface
10. Deep- away from the body surface