FREUD

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
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1. Freud's concept of humanity can be described as D. are learned only after birth.
A. deterministic and pessimistic.
B. deterministic and optimistic. 8. Freud claimed that an important function of
C. goal directed and purposive. repression is to
D. purposive and optimistic. A. protect a person against the pain of anxiety.
B. convert superego functions into ego functions.
2. Freud's psychoanalysis rests on which two C. protect a person against public disgrace.
cornerstones? D. convert id functions into ego functions.
A. sex and aggression E. convert ego functions into id functions.
B. sex and hunger
C. security and safety 9. Which of these progressions is most consistent with
D. security and sex psychoanalytic theory?
A. Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to
3. Freud's free association technique evolved from suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to a
A. Charcot's hypnotic technique. reaction formation.
B. his use of cocaine. B. Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to
C. Breuer's cathartic method. repression, which leads to anxiety, which leads to
D. the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess. suppression of sexual activity.
C. Punishment of a child's sexual behavior leads to
4. After World War I, Freud made which revision to his suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to
theory of personality? anxiety, which leads to repression.
A. He placed greater emphasis on the aggression D. Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which
instinct. leads to repression, which leads to punishment of
B. He identified the three levels of mental life. sexual behaviors.
C. He rejected repression as an ego defense mechanism.
D. He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex. 10. Freud's notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to
A. anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to
5. Freud's three levels of mental life are psychological differences.
A. unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. B. the physical structure of the brain where the
B. id, ego, and superego. unconscious is located.
C. aim, object, and impetus. C. our ancestor's experiences that we inherit and that
D. Thanatos, Eros, and Oedipus complexes. form part of our unconscious.
D. the social rules we learn from our parents that form
6. According to Freud, most of our mental life is the superego.
A. conscious.
B. preconscious. 11. According to Freud, ideas that slip in and out of
C. unconscious. awareness with greater or lesser degrees of ease are
D. a function of the superego. A. unconscious.
E. a product of phylogenetic endowment. B. preconscious.
C. conscious.
7. Freud believed that unconscious ideas D. repressed.
A. influence behavior only when one is aware of them. E. censored.
B. have no influence on behavior.
C. influence behavior even when one is unaware of 12. Freud held that ideas in the preconscious originate
them. from
A. the conscious. B. aggressive drive.
B. the unconscious. C. superego.
C. both the conscious and the unconscious. D. ego at the urging of the superego.
D. neither the conscious nor the unconscious. E. ego-ideal.

13.Freud believed that the id 20. According to Freud, which of these region(s) of the
A. serves the reality principle. mind is (are) in contact with the external world?
B. serves the moral or idealistic principle. A. id
C. constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce B. ego
tension. C. superego
D. is the executive branch of personality. D. ego and superego
E. is reasonable and logical. E. id, ego, and superego

14. The id is primarily involved in which of the following 21. The superego, said Freud,
activities, according to Freud? A. is rational.
A. solving problems in geometry B. strives for perfection.
B. contemplating the meaning of life C. is the executive branch of personality.
C. thumb-sucking behavior D. strives for pleasure.
D. convincing a friend to plant a garden E. does all of the above.

15. Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no 22. According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stem from
thought of what is reasonable or proper are the
dominated by the A. id.
A. id. B. ego.
B. ego. C. superego.
C. superego. D. conscience.
D. ego-ideal. E. ego-ideal.

16. Freud held that the secondary process functions 23. According to Freud, a guilt-ridden, timid person is
through most likely dominated by
A. the id. A. the superego.
B. the ego. B. the ego.
C. the superego. C. the id.
D. the conscience. D. the Oedipus complex.
E. the ego-ideal. E. phylogenetic endowment.

17. According to Freud, the ego is 24. The function that fights against id impulses regardless
A. conscious only. of what is realistic or possible is what Freud called the
B. preconscious only. A. superego.
C. unconscious only. B. ego.
D. conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. C. preconscious.
E. conscious and preconscious only. D. conscious.

18. Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the 25. According to Freud, a psychologically healthy person
id soon after birth. While the ego is developing, the id has a dominant
A. begins to diminish. A. id.
B. develops parallel to the ego. B. ego.
C. disappears completely. C. superego.
D. remains stationary. D. conscience.
E. ego-ideal.
19. In psychoanalytic theory, unacceptable drives and
impulses are repressed by the 26. According to Freud, all people possess two major
A. id. instincts or drives. They are
A. ego and id. D. the aggressive aspect of the instinct.
B. id and superego.
C. hunger and safety. 34. Freud called an expression of both the sexual and the
D. self-defense and self-enhancement. aggressive instinct
E. sex and aggression. A. narcissism.
B. love.
27. Freud believed that instincts are characterized by all C. superego.
of the following EXCEPT D. masochism.
A. depth.
B. impetus. 35. According to Freud, the apprehension a person feels
C. source. when physically threatened is _______ anxiety.
D. aim. A. realistic
E. object. B. neurotic
C. masochistic
28. Freud contended that the object of the sexual instinct D. moral
is
A. the region of the body in a state of tension. 36. Ashley feels uneasy after violating her personal
B. the person or thing that is capable of bringing about standards of honesty and cheating on a test. Freud
sexual pleasure. might suggest that she is suffering from _______
C. the amount of force that sexual pleasure exerts on a anxiety.
person. A. aim-inhibited
D. to seek pleasure by removing a state of sexual B. realistic
tension. C. neurotic
E. to seek pleasure by building up a state of sexual D. moral
tension.
37. According to Freud, the ego's dependency on the
29. Freud called areas of the body especially capable of superego results in
producing sexual pleasure A. basic anxiety.
A. aim-impetus areas. B. realistic anxiety.
B. instinct zones. C. neurotic anxiety.
C. genital organs. D. moral anxiety.
D. pleasure-principle areas. E. traumatic anxiety.
E. erogenous zones.
38. Which anxiety does Freud claim most nearly
30. A young man gets sexual gratification by kissing and resembles fear?
caressing women's shoes. What statement best A. neurotic
31. describes this situation, according to Freud? B. traumatic
A. The sexual object has been displaced. C. moralistic
B. The sexual aim has been changed. D. aim-inhibited
C. The path of the sexual instinct is inflexible. E. None of these is correct.
D. The sexual instinct is permanently inhibited.
39. The apprehension one feels while in the presence of a
32. According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with self teacher is what Freud called _______ anxiety.
and personal appearance is exhibiting A. neurotic
A. primary narcissism. B. psychotic
B. secondary narcissism. C. realistic
C. aim-inhibited love. D. moral
D. moral masochism. E. None of these is correct.

33. In Freud's aim-inhibited love, that which is inhibited is 40. In psychoanalytic theory, anxiety
A. the strength of the drive. A. is produced within, and experienced by, the superego.
B. the overt, open expression of love. B. can mean an impulse threatens to become conscious.
C. the sexual aspect of the instinct. C. is produced by repression.
D. none of these is correct. 47. Robin protects herself against the threat of change by
E. all of these are correct. constantly clinging to objects and behaviors left from
her early childhood. It thus appears that Robin is
41. Freud held that the pain of anxiety is most likely to relying primarily on which Freudian defense
result in mechanism?
A. psychotic behavior. A. reaction formation
B. defensive behavior. B. fixation
C. neurotic behavior. C. projection
D. realistic behavior. D. regression
E. sublimation
42. The most basic Freudian defense mechanism is
A. repression. 48. Amy, an 18-month-old child, resorts to taking her
B. reaction formation. baby sister's bottle even though she has previously
C. fixation. been weaned. This behavior illustrates which
D. projection. Freudian defense mechanism?
E. regression. A. stubbornness
B. fixation
43. Which statement is correct, according to Freud? C. repression
A. Repression produces anxiety. D. regression
B. Anxiety reduces repression.
C. Repression reduces anxiety. 49. Seeing deficiencies in others that one unconsciously
D. All these are correct. feels within oneself is an example of which Freudian
E. None of these is correct. defense mechanism?
A. reaction formation
44. According to Freud's theory, anxiety B. undoing
A. results from repression of libidinal impulses. C. projection
B. represents one type of defense mechanism. D. isolation
C. instigates repression.
D. is a property of the superego. 50. When carried to extremes, which Freudian defense
E. is felt by the id. mechanism can become paranoid behavior?
A. reaction formation
45. A mother who has deep-seated hostility toward her B. rationalization
only child but who shows overprotection and C. fixation
hyperconcern for the physical well being of her child D. projection
illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
A. identification 51. A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a
B. displacement homosexual man as a result of his own unconscious
C. projection homosexual impulses. This is an example of which
D. reaction formation Freudian defense mechanism?
E. sublimation A. sublimation
B. introjection
46. Madison is frequently berated by his domineering C. fixation
employer. Madison is too timid to confront his D. projection
employer, but he takes out his frustration by
mistreating his dog, children, and wife. According to 52. Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries
Freud, this is an example of to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle. This is an
A. reaction formation. example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
B. identification. A. introjection
C. projection. B. fixation
D. displacement. C. projection
E. regression. D. sublimation
53. Which of the following distinguishes sublimation from 60. The classical Freudian anal character possesses all of
the other Freudian defense mechanisms? the following traits EXCEPT for?
A. Sublimation is directly related to the superego. A. orderliness
B. Sublimation is always destructive. B. passivity
C. Sublimation is constructive to society. C. obstinacy
D. Sublimation involves the Oedipus complex. D. stinginess

54. The transformation of instinctual drives into socially 61. According to Freud, male and female personality
productive forces such as art, science, and religion is development is
what Freud called A. similar until the phallic stage.
A. regression. B. similar until the genital stage.
B. rationalization. C. different during the anal stage.
C. sublimation. D. different during the oral stage.
D. acting out. E. None of the above
E. isolation.
62. Freud believed that boys and girls have a different
55. The paintings and sculpture of Michelangelo best psychosexual development because of
exemplify Freud's concept of A. cultural influences.
A. Thanatos. B. parental attitudes.
B. regression. C. fantasies that originate soon after birth.
C. paranoia. D. anatomical differences between the genders.
D. sublimation. E. hormonal differences between the genders.

56. Freud's oral-sadistic stage is characterized by 63. Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy
A. early attempts at toilet training. A. feels sexual love only toward his father.
B. unambivalent feelings toward the mother. B. feels sexual love only toward his mother.
C. the emergence of teeth. C. may feel sexual love toward each parent.
D. rivalry toward younger siblings. D. is not capable of sexual love toward either parent.
E. rivalry toward one or both parents.
64. According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility
57. The principle source of frustration during Freud's anal toward his father and sexual love for his mother is
phase is experiencing
A. weaning. A. moral masochism.
B. learning to dress one's self. B. the simple male Oedipus complex.
C. toilet training. C. the complete Oedipus complex.
D. suppression of masturbation. D. the castration complex.
E. penis envy.
58. Freud hypothesized that a permissive, accepting
attitude of parents during toilet training is likely to 65. Freud held that castration anxiety
lead to which behaviors as the child grows to A. results in penis envy.
adulthood? B. dissolves the male Oedipus complex.
A. generosity and benevolence C. dissolves the female Oedipus complex.
B. stubbornness, compulsiveness, and miserliness D. triggers penis envy, which then dissolves the female
C. masochism and/or sadism Oedipus complex.
D. sexual dysfunction and aggression
66. Freud said that in girls, the castration complex
59. A compulsively neat person who is also stubborn and A. shatters the Oedipus complex.
miserly is what Freud called an B. takes the form of penis envy.
A. oral-receptive character. C. precedes the Oedipus complex.
B. oral-sadistic character. D. b and c
C. anal character.
D. ego-defense character. 67. According to Freud, a girl's wish to be a boy or to have
a baby
A. indicates feminine identification. A. the preconscious.
B. results from a mature superego. B. meditation.
C. is an expression of penis envy. C. parapraxes.
D. is called the complete Oedipus complex. D. dreams.
E. is an unnatural condition. E. Route 66.

68. Freud believed that a little girl's Oedipal wish for a 75. "Freudian slips" are a product of
baby is a substitute for the A. dreamwork.
A. father. B. free association.
B. nipple. C. conscious and unconscious forces.
C. feces. D. preconscious and unconscious forces.
D. mother.
E. phallus. 76. Freud believed that parapraxes, or "Freudian slips".
A. revealed unconscious intent.
69. After the female Oedipus complex is resolved, Freud B. had no psychological meaning.
claimed that it is replaced by C. demonstrated a dominant preconscious intention.
A. the sadistic-anal phase. D. were due to fatigue.
B. rationalizations.
C. the superego. 77. The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to
D. the wish to be a boy. A. transform unconscious material into consciousness.
B. eliminate all neurotic symptoms.
70. From a Freudian perspective, psychological maturity C. bring about self-actualization.
might be characterized by D. uncover archetypes.
A. minimal repression and maximal consciousness.
B. a maximum number of defense mechanisms. 78. Asking a patient to verbalize thoughts, no matter how
C. a heavily repressed id and an overwhelming absurd, irrelevant, or embarrassing, is the Freudian
superego. technique of
D. minimal libido directed toward others. A. free association.
B. displacement.
71. In Freudian psychology, the psychologically mature C. condensation.
person would be characterized by D. dream analysis.
A. an absence of id impulses. E. transference.
B. a superego strong enough to control the ego.
C. an ego strong enough to incorporate the ego-ideal 79.After successful psychoanalytic treatment
and the id. A. neurotic symptoms are repressed.
D. strong Oedipal feelings. B. psychic energy strengthens the superego.
C. positive transference toward the analyst increases.
72. According to Freud, dreams have meaning on two D. the ego is expanded with previously repressed
levels. The more important level concerns the material.
A. conscious level. E. the ego is incorporated into the superego.
B. the preconscious level.
C. manifest content. 80. Which of the following areas of psychological
D. latent content. research have recently joined to provide support for
Freud's theory of unconscious motivation?
73. Freud believed that condensation and displacement A. cognitive psychology and neuroscience
A. change latent dream level into manifest level. B. educational psychology and learning theory
B. expand the latent dream level. C. social psychology and neuroscience
C. are ways of distorting dream content. D. clinical psychology and counseling psychology.
D. expand the manifest dream level.
E. change the manifest dream level into the latent level.

74. The "royal road to the unconscious" was thought by

Freud to be