Mixed Extra Gas Law Practice Problems (Ideal Gas, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures, Graham’s Law)

1. Dry ice is carbon dioxide in the solid state. 1.28 grams of dry ice is placed in a 5.00 L chamber
that is maintained at 35.1oC. What is the pressure in the chamber after all of the dry ice has
sublimed?

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇

1.28  𝑔  𝐶𝑂! 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑂!

 𝑥   =  0.29𝟎849  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠  𝐶𝑂!
1 44.009  𝑔  𝐶𝑂!

P=?

V = 5.00 L (3 significant figures)

n = 0.290849 moles (3 significant figures)

R = 0.0821 L*atm/mole*K (infinite significant figures)

T = 35.1oC = 308.1 K (4 significant figures)

𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑛𝑅𝑇 0.290849  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 0.0821   308.1  𝐾
𝑃 =   =   𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 − 𝐾 = 1.47  𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑉 5.00  𝐿

If you used a different R, then the answers are:

1120 torr

1120 mm Hg

149 kPa

2. A sample of chlorine gas is loaded into a 0.25 L bottle at standard temperature of pressure.
How many moles of bromine gas are in the container? How many grams?

At STP 1 mole = 22.4 L

Molar Mass of Chlorine (remember, it is a diatomic) = 70.906 g/mole

Use factor label

0.25  𝐿 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑙!

 𝑥   = 0.011  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠  𝐶𝑙!
1 22.4  𝐿  𝐶𝑙!

0.25  𝐿 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑙! 70.906  𝑔  𝐶𝑙!

 𝑥   𝑥   = 0.79  𝑔  𝐶𝑙!  
1 22.4  𝐿  𝐶𝑙! 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑙!

OR – use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT

P = 1 atm (infinite significant figures)

V = 0.25 L (2 significant figures)

R = 0.0821 L*atm/mole*K (infinite significant figures)

T = 273 K (infinite significant figures)

 𝑃𝑉 1  𝑎𝑡𝑚 (0.25  𝐿)
𝑛 =   =   = 0.011  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠  𝐶𝑙!
𝑅𝑇 𝐿 − 𝑎𝑡𝑚
0.0821   (273  𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 − 𝐾
0.011  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑙! 70.906  𝑔  𝐶𝑙!
𝑥   = 0.78  𝑔  𝐶𝑙!
1 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑙!

3. What is the volume of 92.4 grams of chlorine gas that is at a temperature of 46oC and a
pressure of 694 mmHg?

P = 694 mmHg (3 significant figures)

V=?

R = 62.4 L*mm Hg/mole*K (infinite significant figures)

T = 46oC = 319 K (3 significant figures)

n – need to calculate

92.4  𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠  𝐶𝑙! 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑙!

 𝑥   =  1.3𝟎3133  𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠  𝐶𝑙! − 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑  𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟  𝑖𝑠  𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡  𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡  𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒
1 70.906  𝑔  𝐶𝑙!

𝐿 − 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑛𝑅𝑇 1.303133  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 62.4   (319  𝐾)
𝑉 =   =   𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 − 𝐾 = 37.4  𝐿
𝑃 694  𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

4. What is the molar mass of a gas that effuses 3.7 times faster than Krypton?

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!
=  
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!

A is the unknown gas (it effuses faster)

B is Krypton (it effuses slower)

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! = 3.7  𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!"  𝑠𝑜   = 3.7
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!"

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!"
=   = 3.7
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!" 𝑀!

Square both sides

𝑀!"
13.69 =  
𝑀!

Rearrange and solve for mass of the unknown

𝑔
𝑀!" 84.80 𝑔
𝑀! =   =   𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 6.19
13.69 13.69 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
 5. Carbon dioxide is collected over water at a temperature of 18oC. The pressure of water vapor at
18oC is 2.20 kPa. If the pressure of the gas collected is 1.3 atm, what is the pressure of the dry
gas alone?

𝑃!"#$% = 1.3  𝑎𝑡𝑚

2.20  𝑘𝑃𝑎 1  𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑃!"#$%  !"#$% = 2.20  𝑘𝑃𝑎 =    𝑥   = 0.021𝟕1767  𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 101.3  𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃!"#$%&  !"#$"!% =   𝑃!"!#$ −   𝑃!"#$%  !"#$% = 1.3  𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 0.02171767  𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.3  𝑎𝑡𝑚

6. What diffuses more quickly: tetracarbon decahydride or iodine? By how much?

C4H10 versus I2

Molar mass of C4H10 = 58.123 g/mole

Molar mass of I2 = 253.808 g/mole

Butane will effuse more quickly because it has a smaller molar mass

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!
=  
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!

A – butane

B – iodine

𝑔
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 253.808
=   𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑔 = 2.09
58.123
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

7. What is the molar mass of a gas that effuses 4.2 times faster than bromine?

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!
=  
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!

A is the unknown gas (it effuses faster)

B is Bromine (it effuses slower)

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! = 4.2  𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!"!  𝑠𝑜   = 4.2
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!"!

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒! 𝑀!"
=   = 4.2
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒!"! 𝑀!

Square both sides

𝑀!"!
17.64 =  
𝑀!

Rearrange and solve for mass of the unknown

 𝑔
𝑀!"! 159.808  
𝑀! =   =   𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 9.06 𝑔
17.64 17.64 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

8. A mixture of gases contains oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and argon. If the partial
pressure of oxygen is 3.7 atm, the partial pressure of the water vapor is 382 mmHg, the partial
pressure of the carbon dioxide is 234 kPa, and the partial pressure of the argon is 143 mmHg,
what is the total pressure?

𝑃!! =  3.7  𝑎𝑡𝑚

382  𝑚𝑚  𝐻𝑔 1  𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑃!! ! =  382  𝑚𝑚  𝐻𝑔 =    𝑥   = 0.50𝟐63  𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 760  𝑚𝑚  𝐻𝑔

234  𝑘𝑃𝑎 1  𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑃!"! =  234  𝑘𝑃𝑎 =    𝑥   = 2.3𝟎997  𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 101.3  𝑘𝑃𝑎
143  𝑚𝑚  𝐻𝑔 1  𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃!" =  143  𝑚𝑚  𝐻𝑔 =    𝑥   = 0.18𝟖157  𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 760  𝑚𝑚  𝐻𝑔

𝑃!"!#$ =   𝑃!! + 𝑃!! ! +   𝑃!"! +   𝑃!" =  3.7  𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 0.50𝟐63  𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 2.3𝟎997  𝑎𝑟𝑚 + 0.18𝟖157  𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 6.7  𝑎𝑡𝑚

9. What is the temperature of 83.28 grams of carbon dioxide at a pressure of 1830 torr contained
in a 3.82 L container?

P = 1830 torr (3 significant figures)

V = 3.82 L (3 significant figures)

R = 62.4 L*torr/mole*K (infinite significant figures)

T=?

n – need to calculate

83.28  𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠  𝐶𝑂! 1  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒  𝐶𝑂!

 𝑥   =  1.89𝟐340  𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠  𝐶𝑂! − 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑  𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟  𝑖𝑠  𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡  𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡  𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒
1 44.009  𝑔  𝐶𝑂!

𝑃𝑉 1830  𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 (3.82  𝐿)

𝑇 =   =   = 59.2  𝐿
𝑛𝑅 𝐿 − 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟
(1.892340  𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠) 62.4  
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 − 𝐾