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Introduction

Sex education in schools remains to be a controversial topic as various members of the community
debate over its appropriateness. In theory, sex education aims at assisting children and youth in
developing a positive view of their sexuality and gaining knowledge and skills that can help them to
take care of their sexual health (Kirby 53). Hillier and Mitchell reveal that the contention around the
issue arises as communities grapple over who should teach students about sex and how this
learning should take place (211).

Its opponents express concern that comprehensive sex education may encourage pupils to become
sexually active due to the exposure. Proponents of sex education, on the other hand, see factual
knowledge about sex, contraception, and STIs as effective in delaying sexual initiation and reducing
STIs. With these divergent views of sex education in mind, this paper will set out to highlight the pros
and cons of sex education in school. The paper will authoritatively demonstrate that the merits of sex
education outweigh its demerits.

Merits of Sex Education


The spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in young people is mainly attributed to
low rates of contraceptive use and the lack of information on safe sex practices. Juping reveals that
school-based sex education has been documented to have some positive impact on knowledge of
methods to prevent STIs and skills in using condoms by youths (188).

This revelation is corroborated by Hillier and Mitchell who acknowledge that prioritizing of sex
education in Australia as a proactive response to the HIV pandemic has resulted in great success in
deterring the spread of HIV (212). Sex education is therefore advantageous since youths who have it
are less prone to HIV infection since they have the necessary information and skills to protect
themselves.

Sex education offers practical knowledge such as how to use a condom and how to avoid unwanted
pregnancies. Kohler, Manhart, and Yu Lafferty carried out a comparative study on the sexual health
risks of youths who had received sex education with those who received no formal sex education
(344).

The study revealed that while there was no significant reduction in the incidences of STIs in both
groups, comprehensive sex education significantly correlated with fewer pregnancies. This is
because sex education gives the youth the necessary skills on contraceptive use hence resulting in
safe sex.

Sex education is structured in such a manner that it delivers factual information without instilling any
moral values or judgments. A study by Vuttanont et al. on the sex education needs of teenagers in
Thailand revealed that teenagers sought information on sex that was clear, non-judgmental and non-
prescriptive (2078).

Such information is unlikely to come from traditional sources such as the family or religious
organization. Sex education, therefore, gives the youth valuable and unbiased information which can
be used to make complex choices regarding sex in the real world.

Sex education is essential for young people who come from cultures or families where the topic of
sex is not openly discussed. Juping reports that sex is a topic too embarrassing to discuss at home
in many cultures although the family is the primary means of the socialization of children and has a
significant influence on adolescents (190).

Many parents are less likely to discuss sex-related topics in detail due to many factors including;
limited sexual knowledge of parents, differing sexual values, lack of communication skills and
parents not receiving sex education from their parents. In such a culture, the youth is forbidden to
talk about sex and their only source of sexual information is their peers or television. For such youth,
school-based sex education is a valuable source of sexual health and relationships information, and
it will empower the youth to make good choices in the future (Selwyn and Powell 229).

Children and youth are curious and will want to gain knowledge about sex. Sex education provided
in school is vital in addressing the knowledge gaps between different groups of young people with
regards to matters of sex (Selwyn and Powell 219). Without this avenue, the young will resort to
other sources of information which may not be as benevolent.

Vuttanont et al. theorize that Sex education is a useful tool for countering media and peer influences
that otherwise shapes the youth’s mind on the topic of sex (2073). Teenagers who gain information
about sexual intercourse from friends are more likely to adopt liberal sexual attitudes. On the other
hand, those who gained the same knowledge from parents and teachers are less likely to engage in
sexual activities (Juping 192).

Demerits of Sex Education


A major demerit of sex education is that the material taught is mostly against the moral or religious
beliefs that the students have been brought up with. As it is, sex education is provided within a
secular context, and any moral or religious background of teaching is ignored. The reasoning behind
this is that the role of sex education is not to instruct children not to have sex but rather to provide
comprehensive and inclusive education on sex.

Religion plays a significant role in the lives of individual and research indicates that religious
commitment and participation in religious activities results in sexual abstinence (Juping 191).
Religion can, therefore, be seen to have a positive impact on sexual attitudes and initiation among
the youth. Sex education, thus, undermines the influence of religious and moral values in guiding
young people in matters of sex.
Sex education results in the acquisition of intimate knowledge on sex by youths who may up until
then be uninterested or ignorant of the topic. For this reason, some of the conservative parents
believe that there is no need for their children to understand sex until a definitive adult relationship is
at hand (Vuttanont et al. 2078).

These parents think that sex education could indeed corrupt the student’s moral standing and incline
them to engage in sex. This assumption is supported by Vuttanont et al. who revealed that sex
education programs give students information which may result in sexual ideas and experimentation
among some students (2070).

A compelling argument raised by opponents of sex education is that the provision of too much or the
wrong kind of sexual education can destroy the innocence of the youth.

This is not an unfounded fear since as Hillier and Mitchell concur; comprehensive sex education
includes teachings on abstinence, safe sex practices, homosexuality and sexual diversity (212).
Since sex education is provided in a value-neutral environment, the youths lack guidance on the
matter and are left to do whatever they want with the information provided.

Discussion
As can be seen, there are many valid arguments both for and against sex education. However, most
of the opposition to sex education is based on the assumption that once young people are made
aware of sexual possibilities, they will immediately and without restraint indulge in sexual activities.
Hillier and Mitchell note that this paternalistic belief has persisted despite being disapproved by
multiple research findings. Research by Kirby suggests that sex education does have a significant
effect on sexual behavior or outcome.

As such, the students are not at risk of experimenting with sex due to the sex education they receive
(53). In spite of the disadvantages of sex education revealed herein, this education empowers the
youth and helps them reach better decisions concerning sex. The discussed provided in this paper
have demonstrated that sex education results in adolescents acquiring useful skills that help
alleviate the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases as well as teenage pregnancies.

Conclusion
This paper set out to discuss the pros and cons of providing sex education to students. From the
discussions held herein, it is evident that sex education has advantages as well as disadvantages
both to the individual students and society at large. However, this paper has demonstrated that the
merits of providing this education far outweigh the demerits.

This paper has shown that the commonly held perception that sex education leads to sex is
unfounded and should therefore not be used to justify objection to sex education. From this paper, it
can be authoritatively stated that holistic sex education is crucial for the youth since it results in
better choices on sex being made.

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The planned integration of an age-appropriate and culture-sensitive sex education in the basic
elementary and high school curriculum will develop responsible Filipino youth who are aware of
risks and issues involving reproductive health, according to the Department of Education
(DepEd).

In the same TV interview, Commission on Population (Popcom) Deputy Director


Lolito Tacardon attributed population growth to three factors -- fertility,
mortality, and migration.

Tacardon said the Philippines' fertility rate is much higher than the other two
factors, hence, the country's increasing population.

"Around 2 million is added to us every year based on our current population


growth rate at 1.7 and when you translate this to simple arithmetic, this is three
children per minute so around 4,000 per day, are added to us," he said.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1066447

Lack of awareness about the right method of family planning among many
Filipinos is another contributing factor to the issue, he added.

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Pros and Cons of Sex Education in Schools


There is a growing need for young children to understand the sexual changes that they go through,
and imparting knowledge abot sex in schools can fulfill it.
Sex education in schools is being given increasing importance as it is known to inform
students about issues related to sex and sexual health. It is considered important for
societies that its individuals are well-informed about sex, sexual practices, child sexual
abuse and sexually transmitted diseases.

A school plays an important role in implementing effective sex education to growing


children. Various studies suggest that effective sex education in schools prevents
adolescents experimenting with sex. These sex education programmes also encourage
the teenagers to use protection while indulging in any kind of sexual act.

According to the WHO, sex education should be imparted on the children who are 12
years and above. It is estimated that 34 percent of the HIV infected persons are in the
age group of 12 to 19. However, like all ideologies, sex education in schools too has its
own pros and cons.

 Sex education in schools can help children understand the impact of sex in their
lives. It dispels myths related to sex and broadens their horizon.

 It can also answer all the questions that they have regarding their changing body
and hormonal surges.

 Children are often inquisitive about the other gender. Sex education in school can
help them understand the differences and keep the desire to explore things for
themselves in check.

 Child sexual abuse is a social malice that is afflicting thousands worldwide. Sex
education in schools can play an active role in curbing the incidence of abuse as through
this medium children can be made aware of the difference between good and bad
touch.

 It is much better to teach children about sexual health in school rather letting
them use other resources, such as pornographic material and the internet. This is
important because avenues, such as the internet have a huge store of information that
might be misleading.

 With problems, such as teenage pregnancies and transmission of STDs on the


rise, it is only appropriate that sex education is made accessible in school so that the
most number of children can be made aware.
 It transforms children into responsible adults. It is a known fact that teenagers
today turn sexually active, therefore, sex education can help them understand the
benefit of abstinence in the early years or it can at least teach them how to be
responsible sexually active people.

 
Cons of Sex Education in Schools
 Mostly teachers who are given the task of teaching sex education to students are
not experts and have vague ideas about sexual health themselves. This is even more
harmful as incorrect information is extremely lethal as it can actually leave a wrong
impression on the students. Children have an impressionable mind and incorrect
information imparted at an early age can actually transform them into ignorant adults.

 Students may still be subject to embarrassment or excitable by subject matter. If


not taught properly, sex education in school can become a matter of ridicule and
students may not take any interest in it.

 The fact that in most schools sex education is treated like an extracurricular
course and not a primary one. If the authorizing body is not serious about it then they
cannot expect that students and teachers will be interested in it.
 Sex education at school may be at odds with the religious ideologies. Unless
these disparities are sorted out by someone, who is aware of the two ideologies, sex
education at school can actually confuse the students more.

Image source: Getty Images

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