Classification and composition of resilient lining materials (RLMs)

● Based on their chemical composition

○ 1. ​Acrylic​ denture liners (DLs)
■ Coe-soft (GC America Inc., USA) for direct technique
■ Super-soft (GC America Inc., USA) for indirect technique;
○ 2. ​Silicone ​DLs
■ Mollosil (Detax, GmbH & Co, KG,Germany) for direct technique
■ Molloplast B (Detax, GmbH & Co, KG, Germany) for indirect technique;
○ 3. ​Fluorinated​ DLs (containing fluorinated copolymers)
■ Kurepeet Dough (Kreha Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) only for indirect technique;
○ 4. ​Olefin​ (Alkene) DLs
■ Molteno (Molten, Japan) only for indirect technique.

● Based on their polymerization and indications for use:

○ 1. ​Heat-curing acrylic​ resilient resins
■ Eversoft (Dentsply Int., USA), Super-soft (GC America Inc., USA), VertexSoft
(Vertex-Dental B.V., Netherlands);
○ 2. ​Self-curing acrylic​ resilient resins
■ Permasoft (Dentsply Int., USA), Durabase (Dental Mfg Co., USA), Coe Soft (GC
America Inc., USA);
○ 3. ​Heat-curing silicones
■ Molloplast B (Detax, GmbH& Co., Germany), Luci-Soft (Dentsply Int., USA),
Permaflex (Kohler, Germany), etc.;
○ 4. ​Self-curing silicones
■ UfiGel P (VOCO GmbH, Germany), UfiGel SC (VOCO GmbH, Germany), Mucopren
soft (Kettenbach GmbH & Co., Germany), Dentusil (Bosworth,Reline Soft (GC
America Inc., USA), GC Reline Ultrasoft (GC America Inc., USA), Softreliner Tough
(Tokuyama, Japan), Mucosoft (Parkell Inc., USA);
○ 5. ​Tissue conditioners​ (healing liners)
■ Viscogel (Dentsply Int., USA), Coe Comfort (GC America Inc., USA), etc.
Composition of different types of materials
● Acrylic hard resins
○ become resilient if plasticizers - from 30% to 60% - are added.
■ In material science, resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is
deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading.
○ General composition
■ powdered plasticizers
■ darkeners (TiO2)
■ coloring agents (Fe2O3)
■ liquid plasticizer
● common plasticizers are dibutyl phthalate or dibutyl glycolate.
○ Commonly seen examples of heat-cured acrylic

○ For cold cured acrylic, the composition is more or less similar with the exception that
■ The initiator is tertiary amine instead of heat
■ The final polymer has lower molecular weight PMMA due to inefficient and insufficient
curing
○ So why do we need to reline denture with hard permanent materials?
■ the actual life of a denture will depend on the rate of resorption of the alveolar bone.
Relining a denture may be required due to soft-tissue changes arising from bone
resorption. This tends to be more of a problem with mandibular than maxillary dentures.
■ The criteria for relining are:
● poor retention or stability
● collapse of vertical dimension of the occlusion
● degradation of the denture base
● lack of denture extension into mucobuccal fold areas
● in an elderly patient for whom habituation to a new denture may be difficult
● Silicone resilient resins
○ Polymer (demethyl siloxane) + Cross-linking agent + catalyst
■ achieved either by heat, using benzoyl peroxide
■ at room temperature, using tetraethylsilicate.
○ By polycondensation or polymerization,
■ the linear polymer chain of the principal component - polydimethyl siloxane - is
extended and cross-linked.

○ So why is there ADHESIVE?

■ silicone rubber ​does not bond ​readily to the acrylic resin of the denture.
● However, even with the adhesive, the bond is very weak, and usually fails
within a relatively short time.
● Another drawback is that this material tends to support the growth of ​Candida
albicans,​ which leads to denture stomatitis.
○ So when will we use this silicone resin denture liner?
■ complaint of persistent pain and discomfort from a denture, even though the denture
would appear totally satisfactory in all other respects.
■ most commonly in the lower jaw
● smaller surface area over which to distribute the load
■ If the pain persists when all possible measures have been taken to minimize the occlusal
load and redistribute the load over as large an area as is possible, the denture may be
made more comfortable by the use of a soft liner.
■ Although the use of soft liners is perceived as a long- term solution to poor load
distribution, their clinical life is generally no more than 6 months due to the problems
described above. Hence they are described as semipermanent soft liners.
● Healing liners​, also called ​tissue conditioners
○ Resilient material which gives a more even distribution of loading and thus promote tissue
recovery when they are inflamed after improper denture wearing
○ 3 components – a gel is formed when they are mixed
■ Polymer (powder)
■ Monomer (liquid, usually alcohol)
■ Liquid plasticiser (flow control)

○ In PPDH, we are using mainly

○ So when do we use tissue conditioner?

● Tissue treatment
o Preserve residual ridge and used to heal irritated inflamed tissues prior to denture
replacement
● Temporary Soft Liner
● Functional impression material
o Used when ill-fitting denture requires replacement or rebasing
▪ Apply to existing denture and insert into mouth for 24-48 hours
▪ Recall patient after 2 days and cast a model from the viscogel “functional
impression”