INDEX

1. What is architecture? .................................................................3

2. Introduction………………………………….……….................................9
3. Starting a new project
…………………….......................................11

4. Curtain walls………………………………………..................................13
5. Modify tools….…………………………...…………………………………….15

6. Match type……………………………………………..…..........................17

7. Key board shortcuts………….………………………………………………18

8. Annotations……..………………………………………..……………………..21

9. Constraints………………………………………………………………………24

10. Openings…………..…………………………………………………………….26

11. Components……..………………………………………..........................29

12. Managing views………………………………………..……………………..31

13. Stairs………………………………………………………………………………34

14. Ramp…..…………………………………………………..……………………..38

15. Railings…….…………………………………………………………………….40

16. Massing…….…………………………………………….………………………42

17. Creating building elements from mass instances

………………………….……………………………………………..................47
18. Detailing…….....………………………………………………………………..50
19. Schedules………………………………………….……..…………………….59
20. Sheets…………………………………………………..………………………..61

21. Materials…………………………………………………………………………63

22. Rendering…….………………………………………….………………………64
23. Walkthrough………..…………………………………..………………………65

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24. Export…………….…………………………………….………………………..66
25. Site design………..…………………………………..………………………..69
26. Construction documentation…………………….………………………72

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CHAPTER-1
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?
Architecture means the art and the science of planning, designing,
and constructing buildings or any other structures. It is the general term to
describe buildings and other physical structures. The style of design and
method of construction of buildings and other physical structures.

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HOW TO INDUCE ARCHITECTURE INTO REAL LIFE:
There are two different ways to implement architecture
 Manual drawing.
 Software basis.
In case of manual drawing, errors will be more and repeated corrections
cannot be done.
In case of software drawing, the Autodesk softwares like AutoCAD and REVIT
are used.

WHAT IS REVIT ARCHITECTURE ACTUALLY MEAN?

REVIT means Revise instantly. It is a platform for building information modeling
is a design and documentation system that supports the design, drawings, and
schedules required for a building project. Building information modeling (BIM)
delivers information about project design, scope, quantities, and phases when
you need it. In the Revit model, every drawing sheet, 2D and 3D view, and
schedule is a presentation of information from the same underlying building
model database. As you work in drawing and schedule views, Revit
Architecture collects information about the building project and coordinates
this information across all other representations of the project. REVIT
automatically coordinates changes made anywhere in model views, drawing
sheets, schedules, sections, and plans. A fundamental characteristic of a
building information modeling application is the ability to coordinate changes
and maintain consistency at all times.

INTRODUCTION

USER INTERFACE:

The Revit interface is designed to simplify your workflow. With a few clicks, you
can change the interface to better support the way that you work. For example,
you can set the ribbon to one of 4 display settings. You can also display several
project views at one time, or layer the views to see only the one on top.

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Menu Bar and Toolbars:
At the top of the window is the standard Microsoft® Windows®-based menu
bar, from which you can access all Revit Architecture commands. Icons on the
toolbars are buttons for executing common Revit Architecture commands.

Options Bar:
Below the toolbars is the Options Bar, which displays command options for the
current operation. If you click Wall on the Design Bar on the left side of the
Revit Architecture window, the Options Bar displays options related to the Wall
command.

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Type Selector:
On the left side of the Options Bar is the Type Selector, a drop-down menu that
lists different types of elements to add to a project. You can choose an element
type by selecting it from the drop-down menu of the Type Selector.

Design Bar:
On the left side of the Revit Architecture window is the Design Bar, which lists
the commands available for the currently selected tab. There are 10 tabs:
Basics, View, Modelling, Drafting, Rendering, Site, Massing, Room and Area,
Structural, and Construction. To see all the tabs, right-click on the Design Bar.
To display a single tab, click the tab name.

Project Browser:
To the right of the Design Bar is the Project Browser. The Project Browser is a
listing of all views, families, and groups in the project. You can select any of the
items listed in the Project Browser. A convenient way to open a view is to
double-click the view name in the Project Browser list.

Status Bar:
At the lower left corner of the drawing area is the Status Bar, which displays the
status of the current command or the name of a highlighted element.

View Control Bar:

At the lower left corner of the drawing area, above the Status Bar, is the View
Control Bar. The controls are graphical shortcuts to various View commands,
namely scale, detail level, graphics style, advanced model graphics, shadows,
crop region, and temporary hide/isolate. Some views, such as sheets, drafting,
and rendered views, have limited controls.

Drawing WINDOW:
The drawing area of the Revit Architecture window displays views (and sheets
and schedules) of the current project. By default, each time you open a view in
a project, the view displays in the drawing area on top of other open views. You
can use commands on the Window menu to arrange the project views.

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PROJECT UNITS:
Project units are grouped by discipline, such as common, structural, or
electrical. When you change the discipline, different unit types are available. In
the Project Units dialog, each unit type has a preview of the display format. For
example, length might have a display format of 1' 5 1/2”.

LEVELS:
Levels are infinite horizontal planes that act as a reference for level-hosted
elements, such as roofs, floors, and ceilings. Most often, you use levels to
define a vertical height or story within a building. You create a level for each
known story or other needed reference of the building; for example, first floor,
top of wall, or bottom of foundation. To place levels, you must be in a section
or elevation view.

IMPORTING CAD FILES:

 Click Insert tab ➤ Import panel ➤ Import CAD, or click Insert tab ➤ Link
panel ➤Link CAD
 In the Import CAD Formats or Link CAD Formats dialog, navigate to the
folder that contains the file to import or link.

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  Select the file.
 Specify the import or link options.
 Click Open.
 If you chose to manually place the imported data, it displays in the
drawing area and moves with the cursor. Click to place the imported
data. You may need to zoom in to see the imported data.

Link Revit Models:

The following options apply to linked or imported CAD format files (on the
Import CAD Formats and Link CAD Formats dialogs that display when you click
Insert tab ➤ Import panel ➤ Import CAD, or Insert tab ➤ Link panel ➤ Link
CAD). Positioning options also apply to linked Revit models (when you click
Insert tab ➤ Link panel ➤ Link Revit.

CONTROLLING VISIBILITY OF LINKED OBJECTS:

Parameters that control the visibility and graphics of linked Revit models are
grouped under their own tab, Revit Links, in the Visibility/Graphics dialog. This
dialog is arranged in a tree structure with the parent nodes referring to
separate files (the primary linked model), and the child nodes referring to
instances (copies) of the model in the project. Changing the parent node
affects all instances, while changing a child node affects only that instance.

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CHAPTER-2

STARTING A NEW PROJECT:

CREATING VIEW TEMPLATES:

 To create a view template based on the settings of a project view

 In the Project Browser, select the view from which you want to create
the view template.
 Click View tab Graphics panel View Templates drop-down Create
Template from Current View, or right-click and select Create View
Template from view.
 In the New View Template dialog, enter a name for the template, and
click OK.
 The View Templates dialog displays.

 Modify view template property values as needed.

 Click OK.
DISCIPLINE SETTINGS:
 The Discipline property determines how discipline-specific elements
display in a view.

 Use the Discipline property to control the following behaviours:

 Which element categories display in the view, based on their related

disciplines

 Which view tags display in the view

 Whether the view range and its cut plane control the display of elements
in plan views

 Whether automatic hidden lines are applied to the view

 The Discipline property affects views whether you are using a single
model that incorporates multiple disciplines, or the model links to other
discipline-specific models.

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  You can also use this property to organize views in the Project Browser.

COORDINATING LINKED PROJECTS:

 Models will be referred to as New for the new model and Existing for the
existing model:

 Open the New model directly.

 Link in the Existing model, so that you can see the relative position of the
host geometry.
 Move the linked model (Existing) so that it lines up with the geometry in
the New model.
 Acquire the coordinates from the linked (Existing) model.
 Remove the linked (Existing) model Save the New model.
 Open the Existing model.
 Insert the New model using Auto by Shared Coordinates.
CREATING AND MODIFYING LEVELS:
 Open the section or elevation view to add levels to.
 Click Home tab ➤ Datum panel ➤ (Level).
 Place the cursor in the drawing area and click.
 Draw level lines by moving the cursor horizontally. On the Options Bar,
Make Plan View is selected by default. So that, each level you create is a
story level and has an associated floor plan view and a reflected ceiling
plan view. Walls and other level-based elements can use reference levels
as their top or base constraint. As you draw level lines, the heads and
tails of the lines can align to one another. When you select a level line
that is aligned with others, a lock appears to show the alignment. If you
move the level line horizontally, all aligned level lines move with it.
 Click when the level line is the correct length. You can change the name
of the level by clicking the number to select it. You can also change the
height of the level by clicking the dimension.
You can modify the appearance of levels in many ways.
 Changing the Level Type
 Editing Level Lines in an Elevation

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  Moving Levels.
CHAPTER-3

CREATING PLAN:
WALLS:
Like other basic elements in a Revit Architecture building model, walls are
instances of predefined system family types, which represent standard varieties
of wall function, composition, and thickness. You can customize these
characteristics by modifying a wall’s type properties to add or remove layers,
divide them into regions, and change their thickness or assigned material.
CREATING WALLS:
To place an instance, you select one of the draw tools on the ribbon, and either
sketch the linear extents of the wall in the drawing area, or define them by
picking an existing line, edge, or face. The position of the wall relative to the
path you sketch or the existing element you select is determined by the value
of one of the wall’s instance properties: Location Line.
Compound Walls:
Just as roofs, floors, and ceilings in Revit can consist of multiple horizontal
layers, walls can consist of more than one vertical layer or region. The position,
thickness, and material for each layer and region are defined through the type
properties of the wall. You can add, delete, or modify individual layers and
regions, or add sweeps and reveals to customize the wall type.
Stacked Walls:
In addition to the Basic Wall and Curtain Wall families, Revit includes a Stacked
Wall family for modeling walls that consist of 2 or more distinct subwalls
stacked on top of each other.
DOORS:
In Revit Architecture, doors are hosted components that you can add to any
type of wall. Doors can be added in plan, section, elevation, or 3D views. You
select the type of door to add, and then specify its location on the wall. Revit
Architecture automatically cuts the opening and places the door.

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WINDOWS:
In Revit Architecture, windows are hosted components that you can add to any
type of wall. Windows can be added in plan, section, elevation, or 3D views.
You select the type of window to add, and then specify its location on the host
element. Revit Architecture automatically cuts the opening and places the
window.
FLOOR:
You create floors by sketching them, either by picking walls or by using the Line
tool. Typically, you sketch a floor in a plan view, although you can use a 3D view
if the work plane of the 3D view is set to the work plane of a plan view. Floors
are offset downward from the level on which they are sketched.
CEILING:
You can create a ceiling defined by walls, or sketch its boundary. Create ceilings
in a ceiling plan view. Ceilings are level-based elements: you create them at a
specified distance above the level in which they reside. For example, if you
create a ceiling on Level 1, it may be placed 3 meters above Level 1. You specify
this offset in the ceiling type properties.
ROOF:
In Revit Architecture, you can create a roof from a building footprint, as an
extrusion, or from a mass instance. A roof cannot cut through windows or
doors.

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CHAPTER-4

CURTIAN WALLS:
A curtain wall is any exterior wall that is attached to the building structure and
which does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. In common usage,
curtain walls are often defined as thin, usually aluminum-framed walls
containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone. When you draw the
curtain wall, a single panel is extended the length of the wall. If you create a
curtain wall that has automatic curtain grids, the wall is subdivided into several
panels.
CREATING CURTAIN WALLS:
 Click Home tab ➤ Build panel ➤ Wall.
 Select a curtain wall type from the Type Selector drop-down.
 To create a wall with automatic horizontal and vertical curtain grids,
specify the Vertical and Horizontal Layout properties for the wall type.
 Create the wall, using methods like draw the wall or pick lines or pick
faces.
 Change a panel type.
 If you sketched a curtain wall without automatic grids, you can add grids
manually.
 If needed for the design, add mullions to the grids.
ADDING CURTAIN GRIDS:
If you sketched a curtain wall without automatic grids, you can add grids
manually.
 Open a 3D view or an elevation view.
 Click Home tab ➤ Build panel ➤ Curtain Grid.
 Click Modify | Place Curtain Grid tab ➤ Placement panel, and select a
placement type.
 Place the cursor along wall edges; a temporary grid line display.

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  Click to place the grid lines. Each section of the grid is filled with a
separate curtain wall panel of the selected type.
 Click Esc when you are done.
 Add additional grid lines, if necessary, or click Modify to exit the tool.
MULLIONS:
When you add mullions to a grid, the mullions resize to fit the grid. If you add a
mullion to an inside grid, the mullion is cantered on the grid. If you add a
mullion to a perimeter grid, the mullion aligns so its border is flush with the
outside of the wall.
CURTAIN SYSTEMS:
A curtain system is a component that comprises panels, curtain grids, and
mullions. It usually does not have a rectangular shape. You can create a curtain
system by selecting element faces. After you create a curtain system, you can
add curtain grids and mullions using the same technique as curtain walls.

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CHAPTER-5

MODIFY TOOLS:
MOVE(MV):
With this tool, an element can be precisely or interactively moved to a desired
location. The listening dimension can also be used to enter a specific distance.
COPY(CO):
This tool creates a duplicate of an element that can interactively be placed by
dragging it to a desired location. The listening dimension can also be used to
specify a specific distance. This copy function, however, does not store the
element in the clipboard.
ROTATE(RO):
This tool rotates one or more elements around a center point, which is the
rotation axis. In plan, elevation and section views, the rotation axis is
perpendicular to the view. In a 3D view, the rotation axis is perpendicular to the
work plane.
ALIGN (AL):
This tool is used to align an element or multiple elements to a selected
element. In the family environment, it is generally used to align and lock
elements to reference planes. To use it, you first select the element or
reference plane where you want the object to align to. Next, click the second
object.

OFFSET(OF):

This tool copies or moves an element at a specified distance entered in the

Offset box in the Options bar. The offset can also be done interactively by
selecting the Graphical button option.

MIRROR PICK AXIS(MM):

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This tool mirrors a copy or duplicates an element about an axis. The axis can be
a model line, symbolic line, reference plane, reference line or an edge of an
extrusion. The selected element is copied and flipped to the other side of the
clicked axis.

SPLIT ELEMENT(SL):

The Split Element tool is used to cut or split lines, arcs, circles and ellipses while
in sketch mode. It can also be used to cut model lines, symbolic lines and
reference lines.

ARRAY(AR):

This tool creates a duplicate or multiple instance of one or more selected

elements. The duplicates can follow a linear or circular path. The number of
instances and their locations relative to one another can be specified in the
Options bar. There is also an option to group and associate selected elements
that are being arrayed.

SCALE(RE):

This tool resizes model, symbolic and reference lines. In Edit mode, it resizes
profiles used in masking regions, filled regions, extrusions and split faces. The
Options bar contains an option to scale an element graphically or numerically.

UNPIN(UP):

This tool unpins or unlocks an element that has been locked by the pin tool.

PIN(PN):

This tool is used to lock an element in place. A pinned element cannot be

moved or edited.

DELETE(DE):

This tool removes a selected element from the drawing area. It is the
equivalent of pressing the Delete key.

TRIM/EXTEND ELEMENTS:

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This tool trims or extends more than one element to a boundary. The boundary
can be a model line, symbolic line, reference plane or reference line. It is also
available in the sketch mode for extending or trimming lines and arcs.

CHAPTER-6

MATCH TYPE:

Match Type tool is used to convert one or more elements to match the type
assigned to another element. The source element and the target elements
must belong to the same general category. For example, you can select a
generic wall, and then select other walls of various types and convert them all
to generic walls. The Match Type tool copies type parameters from the source
element to target elements. It does not copy instance parameters.

 Click Modify tab Clipboard panel Match Type Properties.

 The cursor changes to a paint brush.

 Click an element of the type to which you want to convert other

elements.
 The cursor paint brush is now full.

 Click an element of the same category to convert it to the type you

selected.
 To convert multiple elements, continue clicking them individually, or on
the Modify | Match Type tab Multiple panel, click (Select Multiple).

 Draw a selection box to select the elements, and click Finish Selection.

 If you want to select a new type, click an open space in the drawing area
(or press ESC once) to empty the paint brush cursor and start over.
 To exit the tool, press ESC twice.

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CHAPTER-7
KEY BOARD SHORTCUTS:
Revit Architecture provides many predefined keyboard shortcuts for Revit
tools. You can change most of these keyboard shortcuts and add your own key
combinations. One tool can have multiple keyboard shortcuts assigned to it.
Some keys are reserved and cannot be assigned to Revit tools. For tools on the
ribbon, the application menu, or shortcut menus, keyboard shortcuts display in
tooltips. If a tool has multiple shortcuts, only the first shortcut displays in the
tooltip.

VISUAL STYLES:
There are many ways to customise the look of your views within Revit. But to
control the fundamental, overall look of a view we have a setting called “Visual
Styles”. If you take a look at the “View Control Bar” for this view. The third icon
along is the “Visual Styles” button- highlighted by the arrow in the above
image. Go ahead and click on the “Visual Styles” button on the View Control
Bar. A popup immediately appears, which gives you access to all the available
Visual Styles. You then simply click on the one you want for this view- and the
view updates immediately. Remember: All the settings on the View Control Bar
are “view-specific”- so whatever changes you make here only effect this view.

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WIREFRAME:
The first style is “Wireframe”. This makes all the surfaces of the geometry
totally transparent.

HIDDEN LINE:
Hidden Line actually obscures the lines and surfaces that you would not see in
reality. This is far more useful than Wireframe, but can look quite bland. This is
ideal for “working views”, less so for “presentation material”.

SHADED:
Building upon “Hidden Line” this style now shades the surfaces of your
geometry. The colour for each surface is defined by the “Shading” colour in
Material designated to the elements. To change this colour globally use the
Material Editor. To change the colour of a surface in just one view, apply a
Graphic Override to the element.

CONSISTENT COLORS:
Very similar to “Shaded” but it does not apply any darkening to the faces- i.e.
it’s as if there is one overall non-directional, light source. This makes it easier to
see all elements clearly, but can leave the view looking quite flat.

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REALISTIC:
Instead of using the colour set against a material’s “Shading” property, the
“Realistic” Visual Styles actually uses the material’s bump map image. For
example, if your external wall has an outer layer made of a “Brick” material,
then Revit will display the Brick materials’ bump map image of real bricks.

RAY TRACE:
The “Ray Trace” Visual Style is only available in the “Full” version of Revit.
When you change the Visual Style to “Ray Trace” Revit does some serious
computation in terms of calculating many separate light paths and their
subsequent reflections across multiple surfaces. This results in a highly-realistic
rendered scene.

GRAPHIC DISPLAY OPTIONS:

At the top of the list of Visual Styles is an option named “Graphic Display
Options”. This gives you access to even more settings that can fine-tune the
look of a particular view. Go ahead and select “Graphic Display Options” and
the following panel will open.

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CHAPTER-8

ANNOTATIONS:

DIMENSIONS:
Dimensions are view-specific elements that show sizes and distances in a
project.

There are 2 types of dimensions:

 Temporary

 permanent.

Revit Architecture places temporary dimensions as you place components. You

create permanent dimensions to define a particular size or distance. Each
dimension type can be modified, and the component that is dimensioned
updates accordingly. Temporary and permanent dimensions, by default, use
the unit settings specified for the project. For permanent dimensions, you can
create custom dimension types that override the default unit settings.

TEMPORARY DIMENSIONS:

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Temporary dimensions are created to the nearest perpendicular component
and increment by the set value. For example, if you set the snap to 6 cm, the
dimension increments in values of 6 cm as you move the component to place
it. After you place a component, Revit Architecture displays the temporary
dimensions. When you place another component, the temporary dimensions
for the previous component no longer display. To view the temporary
dimensions of a component, click Modify and select the component.

PERMANENT DIMENSIONS:
A permanent dimension is a dimension that you specifically place. Permanent
dimensions can display in 2 different states: modifiable and non-modifiable.
You can modify a permanent dimension when the geometry that it references
is selected. If the geometry that a permanent dimension references is not
selected for modification, the dimension displays at its true size and is not
available for modification. This is done to eliminate crowding of dimensions
when they are not needed for modification.

MODIFYING DIMENSIONS:
Revit Architecture gives you the capability to customize the look of dimensions

 Changing a Dimension Value

 Moving Dimension Line Text

 Changing the Dimension Line Tick Mark

 Controlling the Display Behaviour of Dimension Arrows

LEGENDS:
Legends provide a way to display a list of the various building components and
annotations used in a project.

Creating a Legend:

 Click View tab ➤ Create panel ➤ Legends drop-down ➤ Legend.

 In the New Legend View dialog, enter a name for the legend view and
select the view scale.

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 Click OK. The legend view opens and is added to the Project Browser list.
4 Add the desired element symbols to the view using any of the
following methods:

Drag model and annotation family types from the Project Browser into
the legend view. They display as view-specific symbols in the view.

Alternate method for adding model family symbols:

 Click Annotate tab ➤ Detail panel ➤ Component drop-down ➤ Legend

Component.

 On the Options Bar, for Family, select a model family symbol type. c
Specify the view direction for the symbol. Some symbols have more
options than others. For example, wall types can be displayed in floor
plan or section representations. Wall-hosted elements like doors can be
represented in plan, and front and back elevations. If you are placing a
hosted symbol, such as a door or window, the symbol displays with the
host in floor plan representation. You can specify a value for the Host
Length. d Place the symbol in the view.

Alternate method for adding annotation symbols:

 Click Annotate tab ➤ Symbol panel ➤ Symbol.

 From the Type Selector, select an annotation type and place the symbol
in the view.

 Click Annotate tab ➤ Text panel ➤ Text.

 From the Type Selector, select an annotation type and place the symbol
in the view

 Place the necessary text in the legend.

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CHAPTER-9

CONSTRAINTS:
Constraints are non-view specific elements that can function independently of
dimensions. Constraint elements appear in all views in which their references
are visible, dimensions are view-specific.

You can modify and delete constraints independently of dimensions or remove

them when you delete dimensions. You create constraints by placing
dimensions and locking them or by creating equality constraints. Constraints
appear as blue dashed lines in project views.

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APPLYING CONSTRAINTS WITH DIMENSION:
When you place permanent dimensions, you can lock those dimensions. When
you lock a dimension, you create a constraint. A constraint (dashed blue line)
appears when you select its references, as shown in the following image.

EQUALITY CONSTRAINTS:
An equality constraint appears as an EQ symbol near the dimension line when
you select a multi-segmented dimension. If you select one of the references for
the dimension line (such as a wall), the EQ symbol appears with a dashed blue
line at the middle of the references.

The EQ symbol represents an equality constraint element applied to the

references for this dimension. The references, which are walls in the graphic,
remain at equal distances from one another while this constraint is active. If
you select one of the walls and move it, all walls move together at a fixed
distance.

CONTROLLING VISIBILITY CONSTRAINTS:

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  Click View tab ➤ Graphics panel ➤ Visibility Graphics.

 Click the Annotation Categories tab.

 Find the Constraints category, and deselect the check box to hide
constraints in the view.

REMOVING CONSTRAINTS:
1. Select a dimension.

2. Do any of the following

 Click a lock to unlock it.

 Click the EQ symbol to remove an equality constraint. The EQ symbol

appears with a slash through it when the equality constraint is not
applied.

 Delete the dimension that corresponds to the constraint. A warning

appears that you are not deleting the actual constraint. Click Delete
Element(s) in the warning dialog to remove the constraint.

CHAPTER-10

OPENINGS:
Opening tool is used to cut openings in walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, structural
beams, braces, and structural columns.

 When you cut a floor, ceiling, or roof, you can choose to cut vertically or
perpendicular to the surface. You can also sketch complex shapes using
the drawing tools.

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  When cutting an opening in a wall, you can sketch a rectangular opening
in a straight or arc wall. For walls, you can create rectangular openings
only. You cannot create round or polygon shapes.

WALL OPENINGS:
Open an elevation or section view where you can access the wall that will host
the opening.

 Click Home tab ➤ Opening panel ➤ Wall Opening.

 Select the wall that will host the opening.

 Sketch a rectangular opening.

 To modify an opening, click Modify, and select the opening.

DORMER OPENINGS:

 Click Home tab ➤ Opening panel, and select By Face or Vertical. Use the
By Face option when you want the opening to be perpendicular to the
selected face. Use the Vertical option when you want the opening to be
perpendicular to a level.

 If you chose By Face, select a face in the floor, ceiling, or roof. If you
chose Vertical, select the entire element.

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SHAFT OPENINGS:
Use this procedure to place an opening that extends through the entire height
of a building (or through selected levels) cutting through the faces of roofs,
floors, or ceilings simultaneously.

 Click Home tab ➤ Opening panel ➤ Shaft.

 Sketch a shaft opening by drawing lines or by picking walls.

 If desired, add symbolic lines to the opening.

 When you are done sketching the shaft, click Finish Opening.

 To adjust the levels that the opening cuts, select it, and make the
following adjustments on the Properties palette:

 For Base Constraint, specify a level for the start point of the shaft.

 For Top Constraint, specify a level for the end point of the shaft.

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  Click Apply. The shaft cuts through and is visible on all intermediate
levels. If you move the shaft on any level, it moves on all levels. The
symbolic lines are visible on all levels too.

CHAPTER-11

COMPONENTS:

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In Revit Architecture, components are used to model building elements that
are usually delivered and installed on site, such as doors, windows, furniture,
and so on. Components are instances of loadable families and are hosted by
other elements, which are instances of system families. For example, a door is
hosted by a wall, while a freestanding component such as a desk is hosted by a
floor or a level. Revit Architecture comes with many components already
defined. To create additional components, you define them using the Family
Editor.

PLACING COMPONENTS:
Use this procedure to place freestanding components (such as furniture,
plumbing fixtures, or plantings) into a project view.

Open a project view appropriate for the type of component you want to place.
For example, you can place a desk in a plan or 3D view, but not in a section or
elevation.

 Click Home tab ➤ Build panel ➤ Component drop-down ➤ Place a

Component.

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  In the Type Selector at the top of the Properties palette, select the
desired component type. If the desired component family has not yet
been loaded into the project, click Modify/Place

 Component tab ➤ Mode panel ➤ Load Family. Then navigate to the

appropriate category folder in the Load Families dialog, select the family,
and click Open to add the family to the Type Selector.

 If the selected component family has been defined as face-based or work

plane-based (see the Note following this procedure), click one of the
following options on the Placement panel, which displays on the Modify/
Place Component tab.

 Place on Vertical Face:

This option is only available for some components and allows placement
only on vertical faces.

 Place on Face:

This option allows placement on faces regardless of orientation.

 Place on Work Plane:

This option requires an active work plane to be defined in the view. You
can place the component anywhere on the work plane.

 In the drawing area, move the cursor until the preview image of the
component is in the desired location.

 If you want to change the orientation of the component, press the

Spacebar to rotate the preview image through its available positioning
options.

 When the preview image is in the desired location and orientation, click
to place the component.

CHAPTER-12

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MANAGING VIEWS:

FLOOR PLAN VIEWS:

The floor plan view is the default view in a new architectural project. Most
projects include at least one floor plan. Floor plan views are created
automatically as you add new levels to your project.

CEILING PLAN VIEW:

Most projects include at least one reflected ceiling plan (RCP) view. Reflected
ceiling plan views are created automatically as you add new levels to your
project.

ELEVATION VIEWS:
View your model from numerous elevation perspectives.

 View tab Create panel Elevation drop-down Elevation

 View tab Create panel Elevation drop-down Framing Elevation.
SECTION VIEWS:
Sections views cut through the model. You can draw them in plan, section,
elevation, and detail views. Section views display as section representations in
intersecting views.

 View tab Create panel Section.

3D VIEWS:
Create perspective and orthographic 3D views, and enhance them by adding a
background, adjusting the camera position or extents, or changing view
properties.

View tab Create panel 3D View drop-down

 Default 3D View
 Camera
 Walkthrough

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VIEW RANGE:
Every plan view has a property called view range, also known as a visible range.
The horizontal planes that define the view range are Top, Cut Plane, and
Bottom. The top and bottom clip planes represent the topmost and
bottommost portion of the view range. The cut plane is a plane that
determines the height at which certain elements in the view are shown as cut.
These 3 planes define the primary range of the view range.

VIEW PROPERTIES:
Modify view properties to change the view scale, detail level, visual style,
orientation, and other properties of the view.

To see or change view properties on the Properties palette, do one of the

following:
 Use the properties filter (below the Type Selector) to select the current
view.
 With the view open in the drawing area, click in an empty part of the
view.
 In the Project Browser, click the view name.

VIEW TEMPLATE:
A view template is a collection of view properties, such as view scale, discipline,
detail level, and visibility settings, that are common for a view type such as plan
or elevation. You specify the value for each property in the template. You can
exclude properties from a view template. Excluded properties do not require a
value and are not overridden when you apply a view template.

FILTERS:
Apply a filter to a view to change the visibility and graphic display of the
elements identified by the filter.

You can use a filter of selected elements or a rule-based filter that identifies
elements using parameter values.

 Open the view.

 Click View tab Graphics panel Visibility/Graphics, and click the Filters
tab.
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  Click Add.
 The Add Filters dialog lists existing filters. If the desired filter does not
exist, click Edit/New to create a rule-based filter.

 To create a selection-based filter, see work with

 Select a filter, and click OK.

 You can apply multiple filters to the same view. The order in which they
are listed on the Filter tab of the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog
determines priority. The filter at the top of the list takes precedence.

 On the Filters tab, do the following:

 Visibility: Clear the check box to hide the filtered elements in the view.

 Projection/Surface, cut:
When Visibility is selected, click Override to change the lines, patterns, and
transparency of filtered elements.
 Halftone:
When Visibility is selected, click the check box to display filtered elements in
halftone.
 The filter applies to the current view only. Use view templates to apply a
filter to a set of views.

CHAPTER-13

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STAIRS:
You create stairs in a plan view by defining the run of the stairs or by sketching
riser lines and boundary lines. You can define straight runs, L-shaped runs with
a platform, U-shaped stairs, and spiral stairs. You can also modify the outside
boundary of the stairs by modifying the sketch. The risers and runs update
accordingly. Revit Architecture also generates railings automatically for the
stairs. In multi-story buildings, you can design one set of stairs and extend
identical sets up to the highest level you define in the stair properties

The number of treads for a stair run is based on the distance between floors
and the maximum riser height defined in the stair properties. A rectangle is
displayed in the drawing area, representing the footprint of the run of the
stairs.

CREATING STAIRS BY SKETCHING RUNS:

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Sketching a run is the easiest way to create stairs. The boundaries and risers are
generated automatically as you sketch the run. When you finish the sketch, a
railing is applied automatically. The Run tool limits the design of your stairs to
straight runs, straight runs with landings, and spiral staircases. For more control
when designing stairs, sketch the run by sketching the boundary and riser lines.

To sketch a run:

 Open a plan or 3D view.

 Click Home tab ➤ Circulation panel ➤ Stairs.

 Click Modify | Create Stairs Sketch tab ➤ Draw panel ➤ Run.

The Line tool is selected by default. Select a different tool on the Draw panel if
desired.

 Click to start the run. Click start point on left side

 Click to end the run. Click endpoint on right end

 Click Finish.

CREATING STAIRS BY SKETCHING BOUNDARY

AND RISER LINES:
You can define your stairs by sketching boundaries and risers instead of having
Revit Architecture calculate the stair run automatically. This method gives you
more control when sketching the footprint of the stairs.

 Open a plan or 3D view.

 Click Home tab ➤ Circulation panel ➤ Stairs.

 Click Modify | Create Stairs Sketch tab ➤ Draw panel ➤ Boundary.

 Sketch the boundaries using one of the drawing tools.

 Click Riser.

 Sketch the risers using one of the drawing tools.

 Click Finish.

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Revit Architecture generates the staircase with the railings automatically
applied.

CREATING SPIRAL STAIRCASES:

 Open a plan or 3D view.

 Click Home tab ➤ Circulation panel ➤ Stairs.

 Optionally, click Home tab ➤ Work Plane panel ➤ Set, to select a

different work plane for the stairs.

 Click Modify/Create Stairs Sketch tab ➤ Draw panel ➤ (Center-ends

Arc).

 In the drawing area, click to select a center point for the spiral.

 Click a start point.

 Click an end point to complete the spiral. Completed spiral staircase

The spiral is limited to fewer than 360 degrees. If you overlap spiral runs, a
warning is displayed; the stringers and railings are not placed accurately.

 Click Finish.

STAIR CALCULATOR:
Use the stair calculator to calculate the tread depth of stairs. The calculator
applies a common, rule-of-thumb formula, such as a formula specified in the
Architectural Graphic Standards. Before using the stair calculator, specify the
values for the minimum tread depth and maximum riser height.

USING THE STAIR CALCULATOR:

 In the drawing area, select the stairs.

 On the Properties palette, click Edit Type.

 In the Type Properties dialog, under Construction, for Calculation Rules,

click Edit.

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  In the Stair Calculator dialog, select Use Stair Calculator for slope
calculation.

 Under Calculation Rule for target slope, enter a value to multiply by Rise.

 Enter a value to multiply by tread Depth.

 Enter a Maximum Result and a Minimum Result for the stair calculator.

 Click OK.

The stair calculator computes the tread depth for new stairs only; existing stairs
are not affected.

MODIFYING STAIRS:
You can modify stairs in several ways including the stair boundaries, risers, and
run lines, railings, labels, direction, and tread thickness for monolithic stairs.

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CHAPTER-14

RAMP:
You can create ramps in a plan or 3D view by sketching the run of the ramp or
by sketching boundary lines and riser lines. Just like stairs, you can define
straight runs, L-shaped runs, U-shaped ramps, and spiral ramps. You can also
modify the outside boundary of the ramp by modifying the sketch.

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ADDING A RAMP:
The easiest way to add a ramp is to sketch a run. However, the Run tool limits
the design of your ramp to straight runs, straight runs with landings, and spiral
ramps. For more control when designing ramps, sketch the run of the ramp
using the Boundary and Riser tools.

 Open a plan or 3D view.

 Click Home tab ➤ Circulation panel ➤ Ramp. Revit Architecture enters

sketch mode, and the Run tool is active.

 Optionally, click Home tab ➤ Work Plane panel ➤ Set, to select a

different work plane.

 Click Modify/Create Ramp Sketch tab ➤ Draw panel, and select either
(Line) or (Center-ends Arc).

 Place the cursor in the drawing area, and drag to sketch the ramp run.

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  Click Finish.

EDITING A RAMP:
 Select the ramp in a plan or 3D view.

 Click Modify/Ramps tab ➤ Mode panel ➤ Edit Sketch.

CHAPTER-15

RAILINGS:
You can add railings as free-standing components to levels, or attach them to
floors, ramps, or stairs.

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When you sketch a railing, rails and balusters are automatically placed on the
railing at evenly spaced intervals. For information on editing baluster and post
placement, see Controlling Placement of Balusters and Posts on page 394. The
shapes of rails and balusters are determined by the profile families loaded in
the project.

ADDING RAILS:

 Click Home tab ➤ Circulation panel ➤ Railing.

 If you are not in a view where you can sketch a railing, you are prompted
to pick a view. Select a view from the list, and click Open View.

 To set the host for the railing, click Modify/Create Railing Path tab ➤
Tools panel ➤ Pick New Host, and place the cursor near the floor or
staircase. As you move the cursor, the appropriate hosts highlight.

 Click on the host to select it.

 Sketch the railing. If you are adding a railing to a run of stairs, the railing
must be sketched along the inside line of the stair stinger in order for the
railing to host and slope correctly. For more information on sketching.

 Modify instance properties as needed on the Properties palette, or click

Edit Type to access and modify type properties. For more information.

 Click Finish.

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  Change to a 3D view to see the railing.

MODIFYING RAIL JOINS:

Use the following procedure to override joins for a railing on a join-by-join
basis.

 Open the plan or 3D view where the railing is located.

 Select the railing, and click Modify | Railings tab ➤ Mode panel ➤ Edit
Path.

 Click Modify | Railings > Edit Path tab ➤ Tools panel ➤ Edit Rail Joins.

 Move the cursor along the path of the railing. A box displays around the
join as you move your cursor over it on the path.

 Click to select the join. When the join is selected, an X displays on the
join.

 On the Options Bar, for Rail Join, select a join method. Join methods are
set by the Angled Joins and Tangent Joins parameters for the railing type.
For more information about these parameters and join methods.

 Click Finish.

CHAPTER-16

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MASSING:
Create a mass that is specific to the context of the current project. This mass
cannot be reused in other projects.

 Click Massing & Site tab Conceptual Mass panel In-Place Mass.
 Enter a name for the in-place mass family, and click OK.
 The application window displays the conceptual design environment.

 Create the desired shapes using the tools on the Draw panel.
 For more information, see the following topics:

o Forms.
o Profiles.
o Sketching.
 When you are finished, click Finish Mass.
EXTRUSION:
A solid or void extrusion is the easiest form to create. You sketch a 2D profile of
the form on a work plane, and then extrude that profile perpendicular to the
plane on which you sketched it.
Before you extrude the shape, you can specify its start and end points to
increase or decrease the depth of the form. By default, the extrusion start
point is 0. The work plane does not need to be either the start or end point of
the extrusion – you only use it to sketch on and to set the extrusion direction.
To create a solid or void extrusion

 In the Family Editor, on the Create tab Forms panel, do one of the
following:
o Click Extrusion.
o Click Void Forms drop-down Void Extrusion.
 Use the sketching tools to sketch the extrusion profile:
o To create a single solid form, sketch a closed loop.

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 o To create more than one form, sketch multiple, non-intersecting,
closed loops.
 On the Properties palette, specify the extrusion properties:
o To extrude the profile from the default start, point of 0, under
Constraints, for Extrusion End, enter a positive or negative
extrusion depth.
 This value changes the endpoint of the extrusion.

 Note: The extrusion depth is not retained after you create the extrusion.
If you need to make multiple extrusions with the same endpoint, sketch
the extrusions, select them, and then apply the endpoint.
1. To extrude the extrusion from a different start point, under
Constraints, for Extrusion Start, enter a new point.
2. To set the visibility of a solid extrusion, under Graphics, for
Visibility/Graphics Overrides, click Edit, and specify the visibility
settings.
3. To apply a material to a solid extrusion by category, under
Materials and Finishes, click in the Material field, click, and specify
a material.
4. To assign a solid extrusion to a subcategory, under Identity Data,
for Subcategory, select a subcategory.
5. Click Apply.
 Click Modify/Create Extrusion tab Mode panel Finish.
 Revit completes the extrusion and returns you to the view in which you
started the extrusion.

 To view the extrusion, open a 3D view.

 To resize the extrusion in the 3D view, select it and use grips to edit it.
SWEEP:
The line in the sweep defines the path along which the 2D profile is swept to
create the 3D form. The profile consists of linework drawn perpendicular to the
line or series of lines that define the path.

Multi-segmented paths can be used to create a sweep if the profile is formed

from closed loops. If the profile is not closed, it does not sweep along a multi-

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segment path. If the path is a single-line segment, you can use an open profile
to create the sweep.

Draw a series of connected lines to form a path.

 Click Create tab Draw panel Point Element and click along the path to
place a reference point.
 Select the reference point. The work plane displays.
 Draw a closed profile on the work plane.
 Select the line and profile.
 Click Modify/Lines tab Form panel Create Form.
SWEEP BLEND:
Create a swept blend form from a line and 2 or more 2D profiles sketched
perpendicular to the line.

The line in the swept blend defines the path along which the 2D profiles are
swept and blended to create the 3D form. The profile consists of linework
drawn perpendicular to the line or series of lines that define the path.

Unlike a sweep form, swept blends cannot be created along multi-segmented

paths. However, profiles can be open, closed, or a combination of both.

 Draw a line to form a path.

 Click Create tab Draw panel Point Element and place reference points
for the swept blend profiles along the path.
 Select a reference point and draw a closed profile on its work plane
 Draw profiles for the remaining reference points.
 Select the path and profiles.
 Click Modify/Lines tab Form panel Create Form.
REVOLVE:
Create a revolve form from a line and a 2D profile that share a work plane.

The line in the revolve defines the axis around which the shape is revolved to
create the 3D form.

 Draw a line on a work plane.

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  Draw a closed profile on the same work plane next to the line.
 Select the line and the closed profile.
 Click Modify | Lines tab Form panel Create Form.
 To open a revolve, select the outside edge of the revolve profile.
MODIFYING FORMS:
Edit the source geometry of a form to adjust its shape.

 Select a form.
 Click Modify/Form Element tab Form Element panel X-Ray.
 The form displays its geometry and nodes.

 Select any elements of the form and 3D controls display to reposition

nodes and lines.
 You can also add and delete profiles, edges, and vertices in X-Ray mode.
If necessary, press Tab repeatedly to highlight selectable elements.

 Readjust source geometry to adjust the shape of the form.

 In this example, one node is modified.

 When complete, select the form and click Modify/Form Element tab
Form Element panel X-Ray to return to the default editing mode.
SOLID FORMS:
Create a surface form from a line or geometry edge.

In the conceptual design environment, surfaces are created from open lines or
edges, rather than from closed profiles.

 Select a model line, reference line, or geometry edge in the drawing

area.
 Click Modify | Lines tab Form panel Create Form. The line or edge
will extrude as a surface.
SURFACE SUBREGION:
A subregion defines an area of the toposurface where you can apply a different
set of properties, such as material.

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For example, you can use subregions to draw parking lots on a graded surface,
roads, or islands.

Creating subregions does not result in separate surfaces. To create separate

surfaces that can be edited independently, use the Split Surface tool.

To create a subregion:

 Open a site plan that displays a toposurface.

 Click Site tab Model Site panel Subregion.
 Click Pick Lines or use other sketching tools to create a subregion on the
toposurface.
To modify subregion boundaries

 Select the subregion.

 Click Modify/Topography tab Subregion panel Edit Boundary.
 Click Pick Lines or use other sketching tools to modify the subregion on
the toposurface.
PAINT TOOLS:
The Paint tool applies a material to the selected face of the element or family;
it does not change the structure of the element.
To paint a surface:

 Click Modify tab Geometry panel Paint.

 In the Material Browser dialog, select a material. Note that you can only
browse for a material when you select the paint tool.
 Place the cursor on the element face to highlight it. You may need to
press Tab to select the desired face.
 If you highlight a face that has already been painted, the status bar
indicates the material that is applied to it.

 Click to apply the paint.

 In the Material Browser dialog, click Done.
 To remove the paint, use the Remove Paint tool.

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CHAPTER-17

CREATING BUILDING ELEMENTS FROM MASS

INSTANCE:
CREATING MASS FLOORS:
 If you have not already done so, add levels to the project. Mass floors are
based on levels defined in the project.
 Select the mass.
 You can select the mass in any type of project view, including floor plan,
RCP, elevation, section, and 3D views.
 Click Modify/Mass tab ➤ Model panel ➤ Mass Floors.
 In the Mass Floors dialog, select each level that needs a mass floor, and
click OK.
CREATING WALLS:
Create walls from mass instances by picking lines or faces using the Wall by
Face tool. This tool places walls on non-horizontal faces of a mass instance or a
generic model.

If you change the mass face, walls created with the Wall by Face tool do not
automatically update. To update the wall, use the Update to Face tool.

To create a wall from mass faces

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  Open a view that displays the mass.
 Click Massing & Site tab Model by Face panel Wall by Face.
 In the Type Selector, select a wall type.
 On the Options Bar, select desired values for Level, Height, and Location
Line.
 To create the wall from a single mass face, click Modify/Place Wall by
Face tab Multiple Selection panel Select Multiple to disable it.
 Move the cursor to highlight a face.
 Click to select the face.
 If the Select Multiple option is cleared, a wall is placed on the face
immediately.

 If Select Multiple is enabled, select more mass faces as follows:

1. Click an unselected face to add it to the selection. Click a selected
face to remove it.
 The cursor indicates whether you are adding (+) or removing (–) a face.

1. To clear the selection and start over, click Modify/Place Wall by

Face tab Multiple Selection panel Clear Selection.
2. When the desired faces are selected, click Modify/Place Wall by
Face tab Multiple Selection panel Create Wall.
CREATING FLOORS:
To create floors from a mass instance, use the Floor by Face tool or the Floor
tool. To use the Floor by Face tool, you first create mass floors. Mass floors
calculate floor areas in a mass instance.
CREATING CURTAIN SYSTEMS:
You can create curtain systems on any mass faces or generic model faces using
the Curtain System by Face tool. Curtain systems do not have editable sketches.
Use curtain walls if you require an editable sketch on a vertical mass face.
CREATING ROOFS:
Using the Roof by Face tool, you can create roofs on any non-vertical faces of a
mass. You cannot select faces from different masses for the same roof.

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You can also create roofs or edit the roof sketch using the Roof by Footprint or
Roof by Extrusion tools. For more information about Roof by Footprint and
Roof by Extrusion.
UPDATING FACE SELECTIONS FOR ROOFS AND
CURTAIN SYSTEMS:
If you have created a roof or curtain system on a mass or generic model, you
can add faces to or subtract faces from it.
In the drawing area, select the roof or curtain system.
 Click Modify /Curtain Systems tab ➤ Model by Face panel ➤ Edit Face
Selection.
 Select the faces to add or remove.
 Click Recreate Roof or Recreate System.

UPDATING FACE BASED HOST SHAPES:

Building elements created by face do not update when you change the mass
face. To adjust to the current size and shape of the mass face, update the
element.
To update face-based host shapes.
 In the drawing area, select the element.
 Click Modify /Elements tab ➤ Model by Face panel ➤ Update to Face.
Walls and floors lose any sketch edits when you use the Update to Face
tool.
DISPLAY STYLES FOR ANALYSIS ADD-IN
APPLICATIONS:
Create and apply display styles to visualize the results of analyses.

Tools for analysis visualization framework use an application programming

interface (API) to interpret analyses performed by add-in applications. These
applications can help predict the effects of various structural and
environmental forces. You can create analysis display styles to concurrently

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visualize these multiple calculated results. These styles can be created
independently and applied to an analysis at a later time.

For example, you may want to study how applied loads affect a floor beam. Use
the analysis add-in application to analyse and return results as a set of points
with associated values. Create and apply display styles to visualize these results
so that you can see at which point a beam is over-stressed.

CHAPTER-18

DETAILING:
Detailing means drawing additional information over the detail view, so the
detail produced is a combination of 2D information and the 3D model behind.
‘Complete Over-Detailing’ which is where the 3D model is used to trace over in
2D, with the 3D model turned off on completion of the detail.
Although it is possible to model everything in the design, this should be
avoided, as it will lead to large file sizes and model degradation. You need to be
smart about what to model in 3D and what to detail in 2D. In general, it is
recommended that you model to a point, then head to the details to document
the rest.
TEXT:
ADDING TEXT:
 Click Annotate tab ➤ Text panel ➤ Text.
 The cursor changes to the text tool.
 On the Format panel, select a Leader line option:

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  No Leader
 One Segment
 Two Segments
 Curved - to change the curve shape, drag the elbow control.
 Select a left attachment point and a right attachment point.
 Select a horizontal alignment (Left, Center, or Right).

Do one of the following:

 For non-wrapping text. Click once to place the note. Revit Architecture
inserts a text box in which to type.
 For wrapping text. Click and drag to form a text box.
 For a text note with a one-segment or a curved leader. Click once to
place the leader end, draw the leader, and then click the cursor (for non-
wrapping text) or drag it (for wrapping text).
 For a text note with a two-segment leader. Click once to place the leader
end, click where you want to place the leader elbow, and then finish the
leader by clicking the cursor (for non-wrapping text) or dragging it (for
wrapping text).
 Enter text, and then click anywhere in the view to finish it. The text note
controls remain active so that you can change the note’s position and
width.
 Press Esc twice to end the command.
MODEL TEXT:
 Add model text to the design to show signs or lettering on a building or
wall.

 Set the work plane where you want the text to display.
 Click Model Text.
 Architecture tab Model panel Model Text.
 In the Edit Text dialog, enter the text, and click OK.
 Place the cursor in the drawing area.
 A preview image of the model text displays as you move the cursor.

 Move the cursor to the desired location, and click to place the model
text.
TAG:

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Use the Tag tool to attach a tag to a selected element. A tag is an annotation
for identifying elements on a drawing. Properties associated with a tag can
display in schedules. The following image shows door tags, window tags, and
room tags.
TAG BY CATEGORY:
ROOM TAGS:
Rooms and room tags are separate but related Revit Architecture components.
Rooms are model elements in Revit Architecture, like walls and doors. Room
tags are annotation elements that can be added and displayed in plan views
and section views. Room tags can display values for related parameters, such as
room number, room name, computed area, and volume.
To tag a room:
 Open a plan or section view.
 Click Home tab ➤ Room & Area panel ➤ Tag Room drop-down ➤ Room
Tag.
 On the Options Bar, do the following:
 Indicate the desired orientation of the room tag.
 To include a leader line with the room tag, select Leader.
 Click in a room to place the room tag.
AREA TAGS:
Areas and area tags are separate but related Revit Architecture components.
Areas are model elements in Revit Architecture, like walls and doors. Area tags
are annotation elements that you can add to area plan views.
When creating an early design, before you define walls or other bounding
elements in a project, you can create an area schedule. In the schedule, add
information about the areas that you plan to use. Later, you can place these
predefined areas in an area plan of the project.
To create an area
 Open an area plan view.
 Create area boundaries.
 Click Home tab ➤ Room & Area panel ➤ Area drop-down ➤Area.
 To display an area tag with the area, do the following:
 Make sure that Tag on Placement is selected:

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  Modify/Place Area tab ➤ Tag on Placement
 panel ➤Tag on Placement. To omit a tag when you place the area, turn
off this option.
 On the Options Bar, indicate the desired orientation of the area tag.
 To include a leader line with the area tag, select Leader om the Options
Bar.
 On the Options Bar, for Area, select New to create a new area, or select
an existing area from the list.
 Click in the area plan to place the area.

MATERIAL TAGS:
Use a material tag to identify the type of material used for an element or a
layer of an element. Revit Architecture stores this information in the
Description field of the Identity tab of the Materials dialog. Before using this
procedure, load the necessary material tags for those elements that need a
tag.

 Click Annotate tab ➤ Tag panel ➤ Material Tag.

 On the Options Bar:

To set the orientation of the tag, select Vertical or Horizontal. After you
place the tag, you can change its orientation by selecting the tag and
pressing Spacebar.

If you want the tag to have a leader line, select Leader.

 Highlight the material to tag within the element, and click to place the
tag. You can move the end of the leader to a new material, and the new
material will display in the material tag.

If the material tag displays a question mark (?), the Description field of the
Identity tab for the element’s material is blank. You can double-click the
question mark and enter a description of the material. Revit Architecture
automatically completes the Description field with this value.

TAG ALL NOT TAGGED:

If some or all elements in a view do not have tags, you can apply tags to
untagged elements in one operation. This function can be useful, for example,
when you place and tag rooms in a floor plan view.

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To tag untagged elements:

 Open the view in which you want to tag elements.

 Select one or more elements to tag. If you do not select elements, the
Tag All Not Tagged tool will tag all elements in the view that are not
already tagged.

 Click Annotate tab ➤ Tag panel ➤ Tag All. The Tag All Not Tagged dialog
displays.

 Specify the elements to tag.

To tag all visible elements in the current view that do not have tags,
select All objects in current view.

To tag only those elements you have selected in the view, select Only
selected objects in current view.

To tag elements in linked files, select Include elements from linked files.

 Select one or more tag categories. By selecting multiple tag categories,

you can tag different types of elements (such as detail items and generic
models) in one operation. To select multiple categories, while pressing
Shift or Ctrl, select the desired categories.

 To attach a leader to each tag, do the following:

Under Leader, select Create.

For Length, enter a default leader length.

 For Orientation, select Horizontal or Vertical.

 Click OK.

CALLOUT VIEWS:
A callout shows part of another view at a larger scale. In a construction
document set, use callouts to provide an orderly progression of labelled views
at increasing levels of detail.

You can add a callout to a plan, section, detail, or elevation view. In these
views, the callout tag is linked to the callout view. The callout view shows an

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enlarged version of part of the parent view, and provides more information or
details about that part of the building model. The view in which a callout is
drawn is the parent of the callout view. If the parent view is deleted, the callout
is also deleted.

The callout tag consists of the following parts:

Callout bubble:
The line drawn around part of the parent view to define the callout area.

Callout head:
A symbol that identifies the callout. When you place the callout on a sheet, the
callout head displays the corresponding detail number and sheet number by
default.

Leader line:
A line that connects the callout head to the callout bubble.

Reference label:
For reference callouts only. Text displayed in a callout tag to provide
information about the callout.

CALLOUT TYPES:
In Revit Architecture, you can create reference callouts, detail callouts, and
view callouts.

Reference callouts:
Use multiple callout tags in different views to refer to one callout view

Detail callouts:
Use a detail callout when you want to provide details about a part of the
building model. The detail callout provides more granular information than the
parent view. You can add details and annotations to the detail callout. These
details do not display in the parent view. When you add a detail callout to a
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view, Revit Architecture creates a detail view. detail view displays in the Project
Browser under Views (all) ➤ Detail Views.

ROOMS AND AREAS:

A room is a subdivision of space within a building model, based on elements
such as walls, floors, roofs, and ceilings. These elements are defined as room-
bounding. Revit Architecture refers to these room-bounding elements when
computing the perimeter, area, and volume of a room. In Revit Architecture,
you can turn on/off the Room Bounding parameter of many elements. You can
also use room separation lines to further subdivide space where no room-
bounding elements exist. When you add, move, or delete room-bounding
elements, the room’s dimensions update automatically.

An area is a subdivision of space within a building model, typically on a larger

scale than individual rooms. However, areas are not necessarily bounded by
model elements. You can draw area boundaries or pick model elements to use
as boundaries. When you add model elements, the area boundaries do not
necessarily change automatically.

Creating a Room:

 Open a plan view.

 Click Home tab ➤ Room & Area panel ➤ Room.

 To display a room tag with the room, make sure that Tag on Placement is
selected:

 Modify/Place Room tab ➤ Tag panel ➤ Tag on Placement. To omit a

room tag when you place the room, turn off this option.

 On the Options Bar, do the following:

For Upper Limit, specify the level from which to measure the upper
boundary of the room. For example, if you are adding a room to a Level 1
floor plan, and you want the room to extend from Level 1 to Level 2 or
some point above Level 2, specify an Upper Limit of Level 2.

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 For Offset, measuring from the Upper Limit level, enter the distance at
which the upper boundary of the room occurs. Enter a positive number
to go above the Upper Limit level, or enter a negative number to go
below it. The default is 10’ (4000 mm).

Indicate the desired orientation of the room tag.

To include a leader line with the room tag, select Leader.

For Room, select New to create a new room, or select an existing room
from the list.

 To see room-bounding elements, click Modify/Place Room tab ➤ Room

panel ➤ Highlight Boundaries. Revit Architecture highlights all room-
bounding elements in gold, and displays a warning. To see a list of all
room-bounding elements in the model, including those that do not
display in the current view, click Expand in the warning dialog. To exit the
warning and remove the highlighting, click Close.

 Click in the drawing area to place the room.

 If you placed a tag with the room, name the room as follows:

Click Modify | Place Room tab ➤ Select panel ➤ Modify.

In the room tag, click the room text to select it, and replace it with the
room name.

COLOR SCHEMES:

Color schemes can be useful for graphically illustrating categories of spaces. For
example, you can create a color scheme by room name, area, occupancy, or
department. If you want to color rooms in a floor plan by department, set the
Department parameter value for each room to the necessary value, and then

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create a color scheme based on the values of the Department parameter. You
can then add a color scheme legend to identify the department that each color
represents.

Creating a Color Scheme:

 Click Home tab ➤ Room & Area panel drop-down ➤ Color Schemes. You
can open the Edit Color Scheme dialog using another method.
 In the Edit Color Scheme dialog, select the category for which to create a
color scheme: Areas (Gross Building), Areas (Rentable), or Rooms.
 Select an existing scheme. Then right-click and click Duplicate, or click
Duplicate under Schemes.
 In the New color scheme dialog, enter a name for the new color scheme,
and click OK. The name displays in the color scheme list.
 In the Scheme Definition field, enter a title for the color fill legend. The
title displays above the legend when you apply the color scheme to a
view. You can show or hide the color fill legend title.
 From the Color list, select the parameter to use as the basis of the color
scheme.
 To color by a specific parameter value or by a range of values, select By
Value or By Range.
 When you select By Range, the units display format appears next to the
Edit Format button. If necessary, click Edit Format to change the format.
In the Format dialog, clear Use project settings, and select the
appropriate format settings from the menus.
 Modify color scheme definition values as necessary using By value.
 Click OK.
KEYNOTES:
Add keynotes to a view to provide details about elements in the design.

 Click Annotate tab Tag panel Keynote drop-down, and select a

keynote type (Element, Material, or User).
 On the Properties palette:
1. In the Type Selector, select a keynote style (Number,
Number - Boxed [Large or Small], or Text).

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 2. Select the Leader check box to show or hide the keynote tag
leader.
3. Specify the keynote tag orientation (horizontal or vertical).
 In the drawing area, click the relevant element or material to identify
which element to tag. An arrowhead appears at this location.
 Click the second point of the first segment for leader.
 Click the final point for the end of the second segment of leader and
location of keynote tag.
 If the element or material already has a value entered for the parameter
keynote, it appears in the tag automatically. If it does not, the Keynotes
dialog opens, where you can select the keynote value.

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SCHEDULES:
A schedule is a tabular display of information, extracted from the properties of
the elements in a project. A schedule can list every instance of the type of
element you are scheduling, or it can collapse multiple instances onto a single
row, based on the schedule's grouping criteria.
Creating a Schedule or Quantity:
 Click View tab ➤ Create panel ➤ Schedules drop-down ➤
Schedule/Quantities.
 In the New Schedule dialog, select a component from the category list. A
default name appears in the Name text box, which you can change as
necessary.
 Select Schedule building components.
 Specify the phase.
 Click OK.
 In the Schedule Properties dialog, specify the schedule properties.
 Click OK.
Annotation Schedules:
Annotation schedules, or note blocks, list all instances of annotations that you
can add using the Symbol tool. Note blocks are useful for listing notes that are
applied to elements in your project. For example, you might want to attach a
note to several walls, and that note might have a building description for each
of the walls.

Creating an Annotation Schedule:

Load the generic annotation family or families into your project and place them
where desired. Be sure to enter meaningful information in the parameter
values for the annotation. For example, enter some comments for the
Description parameter.
 Click View tab ➤ Create panel ➤ Schedules drop-down ➤ Note Block.
 In the New Note Block dialog, for Family, select a generic annotation.
 For Note Block Name, enter a name for the new note block, if desired.
 Click OK.

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  In the Note Block Properties dialog, for Available Fields, select the
parameters to set, and then click Add to add them to Scheduled Fields
list.
 Complete any information in the additional Note Block properties tabs.
 Click OK when finished.

CHAPTER-20

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SHEETS:
A sheet is also called a drawing sheet. It is an individual page of a construction
document set. In Revit Architecture, you create a sheet view for each sheet in
the construction document set. You can then place multiple drawings or
schedules on each sheet view.

Adding a Sheet:
 Open the Revit project.
 Click View tab ➤ Sheet Composition panel ➤ Sheet.
 Select a title block, as follows:
In the New Sheet dialog, select a title block from the list. If the list does
not show the desired title block, click Load. In the Library folder, open
the Title blocks folder, or navigate to the folder where the title block
resides. Select the title block to load, and click Open. Select None to
create a Sheet without a title block.
Click OK.
 Enter information in the title block of the sheet.
 Add views to the sheet.
 Change the default number and name that Revit Architecture assigned to
the sheet. The sheet number and name display in the Project Browser
under Sheets (all).

Creating a Title Sheet:

A construction documentation set usually includes a title sheet. It is also called
a cover sheet. The title sheet typically includes a rendering, 3D drawing, or
other view of the building model.

To create a title sheet:

 Add a sheet to the project, using the appropriate title block.
 Rename the sheet to indicate that it is the title sheet.
 Add the desired view to the sheet.
 Create a sheet list, omit the title sheet from the list, and add the sheet
list to the sheet.
 Add the required information to the title sheet.

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SHEET LISTS:
You can use a sheet list as a table of contents for a construction document set.

 In a project, click View tab Create panel Schedules drop-down Sheet

List.
 On the Fields tab of the Sheet List Properties dialog, select the fields to
include in the sheet list.
 In the Sheet List Properties, in the Fields tab, select Include elements in
links to associate any number of placeholder sheets with the Project
Browser. Click OK.
 Specify the remaining schedule properties using the Filter,
Sorting/Grouping, Formatting, and Appearance tabs.
 Click OK.
The resulting sheet list displays in the drawing area. In the Project Browser, it
displays under Schedules/Quantities.

CHAPTER-21

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MATERIALS:
Materials specify how model elements should display in views and rendered
images. They also provide descriptive and structural information. In Revit
Architecture, you apply materials to elements in a building model in a project.
You can also apply materials to elements when defining their families.
Materials define the following:
■ The color that displays in a shaded project view
■ The color and pattern that display on the surface of an element
■ The color and fill pattern that display when the element is cut
■ The render appearance that displays in a rendered image, and Realistic view
■ Information about the material’s description, manufacturer, cost, and
keynotes
■ Structural information about the material (for structural analysis)
You can add appearances to materials used in your model to provide a realistic
view.

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RENDERING:
You can use Revit Architecture to generate a real-time rendered view of a
building model using the Realistic visual style, or you can create a photorealistic
image of the model using the Rendering tool. Revit Architecture renders 3D
views with various effects and content, such as lighting, plants, decals, and
people. The real-time rendering view displays realistic materials and textures.
Either of these rendering styles can be used to present the design to clients or
share with team members.
In Revit Architecture, the process of rendering a 3D view is as follows.
 Create a 3D view of the building model.
 Specify render appearances for materials, and apply materials to model
elements
 Define lighting for the building model.
If the rendered image will use artificial lights, add them to the building
model.
If the rendered image will use natural light, define sun and shadow
settings.
We can also add plants, people, cars and Decals.
 Define render settings.
 Render the image.
 Save the rendered image.

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WALKTHROUGH:
A walkthrough is a camera that follows a path that you define. The path
comprises frames and key frames. A key frame is a modifiable frame where you
can change the direction and position of the camera.
By default, walkthroughs are created as a series of perspective views, but you
can also create them as orthographic 3D views.

Creating a Walkthrough Path:

 Open a view in which to place the walkthrough path.

 Click View tab ➤ Create panel ➤ 3D View drop-down ➤ Walkthrough.
 If desired, on the Options Bar, clear the Perspective option to create a
walkthrough as an orthographic 3D view. Also select a view scale for the
3D view.
 If you are in a plan view, you can vary the height of the camera by
offsetting it from a selected level. Enter a height in the Offset text box
and select a level from the from menu. This can give you the effect that
the camera is going up a flight of stairs.
 Place the cursor in a view, and click to place a key frame.
 Move the cursor in the desired direction to draw the path.
 Click again to place another key frame. You can place key frames
anywhere, but you cannot change their position during creation of the
path. You can edit the key frames after you finish the path.
 To finish the walkthrough path, you can Click Finish Walkthrough or
Double-click to end the path or Press Esc.

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EXPORT:
Exporting converts one or more Revit Architecture views or sheets to various
formats for use with other software.

Exporting to CAD Formats:

Revit Architecture supports exporting to CAD (DWG and DXF).
 DWG (drawing) format is supported by AutoCAD and other CAD
applications.
 DXF (data transfer) is an open format that is supported by many CAD
applications. A DXF file is a text file that describes a 2D drawing. The text
is not encoded or compressed, so DXF files are generally large. If you use
DXF for 3D drawings, you may need to perform some cleanup to make
the drawing display correctly.
If you use the Export tool while in a 3D view, Revit Architecture exports the
actual 3D model, not a 2D representation of the model. Exporting in 3D ignores
all view settings, including hidden line mode. To export a 2D representation of
the 3D model, add the 3D view to a sheet and export the sheet view. You can
then open a 2D version of the view in AutoCAD.
Before exporting a Revit model, you may want to:
 Reduce the amount of model geometry to be exported.
 Create a layer mapping file to control the export process. To preserve
information about a project, Revit Architecture automatically maps
categories and subcategories to preconfigured layer names. These layers
are used by AutoCAD and other applications. Before exporting a Revit
Architecture project, you may want to change the mappings to the
desired layer names.
 Adjust the view scale to control the precision/performance ratio.

Exporting to DWG:
 Click ➤ Export ➤ CAD Formats ➤ DWG files.
 In the Export CAD Formats dialog, determine which views and sheets are
to be exported to the DWG file. If you are exporting a single view, select
Current View/Sheet Only from the Export list on the View/Sheet Set tab.
If you are exporting multiple views and sheets:

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 1. On the View/Sheet Set tab, for Export, select in session view/sheet
set.
2. Select the views and sheets to export.
 On the DWG Properties tab, specify export options like Layers and
Properties
 Click Next.
 In the Export CAD Formats dialog, navigate to the target folder for the
exported files.
 For Files of type, select an AutoCAD version for the exported DWG file.
 For Naming, select Automatic - Long (Specify prefix) or Automatic - Short
to define the automatically generated file name.
 Optionally, to prohibit Revit Architecture from creating external
references, clear Xref views on sheets. Any Revit or DWG links in the
project are exported to a single file rather than several files that
reference each other.
 Click OK.

Exporting to DXF:
 Click ➤ Export ➤ CAD Formats ➤ DXF files.
 In the Export CAD Formats dialog, determine which views and sheets are
to be exported to the DXF file. If you are exporting a single view, select
Current View/Sheet Only from the Export list on the View/Sheet Set tab.
If you are exporting multiple views or sheets:
1. On the View/Sheet Set tab, for Export, select in session view/sheet
set.
2. Select the views or sheets to export.
 On the DXF Properties tab, specify export options like Layers and
Properties
 Click Next.
 In the Export CAD Formats dialog, navigate to the target folder for the
exported files.
 For Files of type, select an AutoCAD version for the exported DXF file.
 For Naming, select Automatic - Long (Specify prefix) or Automatic - Short
to define the automatically generated file name.
 Click OK.

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CHAPTER-25

SITE DESIGN:

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TOPOSURFACE:
Create a toposurface by placing points in the drawing area.

 Open a 3D view or a site plan view.

 Click Massing & Site tab Model Site panel Toposurface.
 By default, the Place Point tool on the ribbon is active.

 On the Options Bar, set a value for Elevation.

 The points and their elevations are used to create the surface.

 Next to the Elevation text box, select one of the following:

1. Absolute Elevation. Points display at the specified elevation (from
the Project Base Point). You can place points anywhere in the
active drawing area.
2. Relative to Surface. Allows you to edit an existing toposurface by
placing points on it at the elevation you specify. To use this option
effectively, you may want to work in a shaded 3D view.
 Click in the drawing area to place points. If needed, change the elevation
on the Options Bar as you place additional points.
 Click Finish Surface.
SPLIT SURFACE:
To split a toposurface into more than 2 surfaces, use the Split Surface tool
multiple times, further subdividing each piece of the toposurface as needed.

To split a toposurface

 Open a site plan or 3D view.

 Click Massing & Site tab Modify Site panel Split Surface.
 In the drawing area, select the toposurface to split.
 Revit enters sketch mode.

 Click Modify | Split Surface tab Draw panel Pick Lines, or use other
sketch tools to split the toposurface.
 You cannot pick toposurface lines with the Pick Lines tool. You can pick
other valid lines, such as walls.

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  Sketch a single closed loop, or sketch a single open loop. Both ends of an
open loop must intersect the boundary of the surface, and can only
intersect the boundary of the surface once at each end of the open loop.
 Click Finish.
MERGE SURFACE:
You can merge 2 separate toposurfaces into one surface.

This tool is useful to rejoin split surfaces. The surfaces to be merged must
overlap or share a common edge.

 Click Massing & Site tab Modify Site panel Merge Surfaces.
 On the Options Bar, clear Remove points on common edges.
 This option removes excess points that were inserted after a surface was
split. The option is selected by default.

 Select one toposurface to merge.

 Select another toposurface.
 The 2 surfaces merge into one.

BUILDING PAD:
Building pad is added to a toposurface only. It is recommended that you create
the building pad within a site plan. However, you can add a building pad to a
toposurface in a floor plan view. The pad may not be immediately visible in the
floor plan view if the view range or building pad offset are not adjusted
appropriately.

ADDING BUILDING PAD ON TOPOSURFACE:

1. Open a site plan view.
2. Click Massing & Site tab Model Site panel Building Pad.
3. Use the drawing tools to sketch the building pad as a closed loop.
4. On the Properties palette, set the Height Offset from Level and
other building pad properties as needed.

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CHAPTER-26

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION:

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GROUPS:
Create a group by selecting elements or existing groups, and using the Create
Group tool.

 In a project view, select the desired elements or existing groups you want
in the group.
 Click Modify/Multi-Select tab Create panel Create Group.
 In the Create Group dialog, enter a name for the group.
 If you want to open the group in the group editor, select Open in Group
Editor.
 The group editor allows you to add or remove elements from a group,
attach detail groups for model groups, and view group properties.

 Click OK.
PURGE UNUSED:
Remove unused views, families, and other objects from the project to improve
performance and reduce file size. Before purging unused objects, it is
recommended that you create a backup project file.

 Click Manage tab Settings panel Purge Unused.

 The Purge Unused dialog lists views, families, and other objects that can
be deleted from the current project. By default, all unused objects are
selected for purging.

 Select or clear check boxes to indicate the objects to purge from the
project.
 The tool does not allow you to purge used objects, or objects that have
dependencies.

 To purge all selected objects from the current project, click OK.
PRINTING SHEETS:
Use the Print tool to print selected views and sheets.

 Click File tab Print.

 In the Print dialog, for Name, select a printer.

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 To print to PDF, do not use this option. Instead, select a PDF print driver
in the Name field.

 Under Print Range, specify whether you are printing the current window,
a visible portion of current window, or selected views/sheets. If you are
printing selected views and sheets, click Select, select the views and
sheets to print, and click OK.
When you are printing selected views and sheets to a file, Revit creates one
file per view or sheet. If you want to create a single file that contains all
selected views and sheets, print to PDF.

 Under Options, specify the number of copies to print and whether to

print a view/sheet set in reverse order. You can select Reverse Print
Order for a multiple-page print job so that the last page is printed first.
 To print a complete copy of the project before the first page of the next
copy is printed, select Collate. To print all copies of the first page and
then print all copies of each subsequent page, clear Collate.
 To change print settings, under Settings, click Setup.
 When you are ready to print, click OK.

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