Buildings Practice Facilities Plants/Petrochemicals

Chapter 3
Engineering
Introduction
1 Company / Client believes from its vast experience that one of key foundation blocks
for successful, efficient and cost effective end product/facility delivery is quality of
detailed engineering and design.
2 Therefore, Company / Client place a very high importance on Contractor’s selection of
an internationally recognised ‘Detail Engineering and Design capability’ Subcontractor
or “competent in house capability” organization, with a proven track record of
undertaking and successfully, delivering similar projects at a single location under one
roof.
3 Accordingly, meeting foregoing requirement, post award, Engineering and Design
Subcontractor shall mobilise its team for Project.
4 Company / Client shall verify this at time of review of CV’s and conducting interviews
of Key Personnel mentioned on prequalification document.
5 Such scrutiny verification shall constitute a basis out of various key bid evaluation
criteria required for selection of Contractor.
6 CVs shall be reviewed from an overall qualification viewpoint, which means only
academic qualification should not be considered on an exclusive basis, but practical
specific experience on interdisciplinary spheres integrated with continuous professional
development, to be considered for acceptance of competency evaluation respecting all
proposed key personnel, along with their general capabilities including communication
skills, efficiency to carry out jobs in field as well as, in office environment,
demonstrated caliber on project management & about attained knowhow using which,
they would effectively respond to client personnel, while prosecuting project
coordination activities.
7 Engineering being considered very significant part on a professional engineering project
management involved throughout life cycle of project without which, all other
departments of project cannot move.
8 Engineering objective is to provide clear details in all respects on whatever discipline
for whatever part of project, so that implementation of an item is without causing any
issue, is effected/addressed efficiently.
9 This requires detailing in such a style that no further major inquiry should be raised by
site personnel responsible for implementation, simultaneously, details should be
convenient adequately, to permit an ease or comfort on build ability/constructability.
10 For major inquiries otherwise during post construction commencement, required
resolutions after details are issued shall consume precious project prosecution time on
making decisions & resulting in delay on project delivery milestones achievement.
11 Contractor shall carry out site surveys to familiarize self with existing installations or
below ground services if some, such as pipelines, infrastructures, pipelines corridors and
tie in locations.
12 Site survey is also, required to verify proposed pipelines routes and confirm tie in
locations/configuration etc. and to retrieve necessary information (data, drawings etc.)
13 All survey records & database shall be verified by conducting full survey of site to
contract requirement of contractor’s scope of works, which actual surveys should form
basis of actual design to be approved by engineer or client.
14 Survey provided with FEED or bid/tender document shall be treated only for guidance
without any client/engineer responsibility/liability.
15 It shall be contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all relevant documents and drawings
available with company / client (at various locations) are retrieved in a timely manner,
so as not to impede progress of detailed design.

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16 All records or as built drawings necessary for purpose of coordination/practical
interfaces criteria should be requested to be issued by relevant authority according to
planned requirements in support of which, engineer/client shall issue relevant
applications/documents for reference to statutory authority.
17 Engineering shall also, involve formal endorsement, upgrade of FEED including design
optimisations, detailed engineering applications, process engineering, procurement
processes, prosecutions respecting various installations during construction phases,
commissioning and all other engineering works that contractor need develop for
required designs, detailed definitions, procurement, supply, construction, installation,
testing, pre-commissioning, commissioning, startup, initial operation, maintenance and
handover of facility.
18 Contractor shall certify on tender that every criteria mentioned within FEED documents
has been considered, while designing project & pertinent costs covering all such
requirements included within bid price.
19 All deviations should be explicitly detailed comprehensively, for an easy understanding.
20 An alternative proposal should also, be elaborately detailed for engineer’s or client
consideration.
21 At design stage, contractor shall be bound to apply all FEED requirements & if possible,
upgrade it during design processes to avoid design revisions later.
22 These design processes shall require ‘issued for information’ designs during processes,
while final drawings shall be issued as ‘issued or approved for construction’.
23 Design shall include drawings covering all disciplines, final specification applicable to
all disciplines of project, bill of quantities, if so required or other various categories of
documents required to be drawn to facilitate design submissions.
24 Contractor shall start from engineering documents supplied by company / client
contained in FEED design package and would further develop design to achieve
contract objectives and requirement, however, contractor acknowledges that FEED
design package does not define work in full details.
25 Contractor shall consider FEED ‘only as a guidance document’ for client’s intended
requirement & therefore, fully develop project from concept visual to completion
delivery accordingly, so that project specifications are satisfactorily met at end of
project execution.
26 Contractor shall ensure maintainability criterion, maintenance philosophy and spare
parts philosophy provision are fully considered within development of detailed design
from FEED.
27 Maintainability shall not be considered up to end of contractual period only, when final
handover is made, but also, must include facility life period maintenance philosophy to
permit optimization of maintenance cost.
28 Designs that require continuous heavy maintenance costs are not considered good.
29 Designs that can be installed on fast track basis as well as, that require reasonable
regular maintenance cost, are considered suitable.
30 Designs should be based on consideration of sustainable development to a maximum
extent feasible.
31 Sustainable development refers to its global meaning, which defines/communicates for
certain construction process that should be explored in such a way that resources
utilized on its production must not harm nature, must not harm future resources
availability for future generation use & all such adopted processes should be pro
environment
32 In undertaking detailed designs, contractor shall conduct all necessary geotechnical and

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geophysical surveys to ensure connections to existing phase installations are correct.
33 Geotechnical surveys shall include strata graphical determinations, soil properties,
tomography/seismic properties of soil, electrical properties of soil & whatever expected
to be investigated from plant installation viewpoint.
34 Geophysical surveys shall include area terrain investigation & location of various
landmarks, water bodies etc. that are significant from design view point.
35 Contractor shall carry out all engineering required for provisions of construction
accommodation camp, all construction facilities needed at construction site within plant
industrial city as well as, whatever construction engineering required for work.
36 All such provisions for temporary facilities shall comply with either local standards or
international standards, as specifically included within contract.
37 Relevant bye laws or regulatory provisions shall apply to all such designs.
38 Contractor shall carry out engineering per contract specifications.
39 However, in case of conflict or contradiction with company / client corporate standards
and latest edition / revision of recognised international standards, codes and practices,
company / client shall be consulted for resorting to appropriate joint decision, which
decision would be binding on contractor having no cost and / or schedule impact to
company / client.
40 Incorporation of decision shall be made immediately, with designs on ‘issue for
construction’ documents for implementation.
41 Contractor shall undertake detailed design of facility utilizing typical details pertaining
to project, which details either included within FEED or within other documents
provided with concept design.
42 Company / Client engineering standards, which company / client are in possession of
shall be made available to contractor.
43 However, contractor shall have to arrange reference standards as such publications
copies are not available from company / client.
44 Engineering and design of all tie ins and tie outs to existing phase installations shall be
undertaken in such a manner that does not cause interruption of water supply to running
facility or causing temporary shutdown to existing end users.
45 Contractor shall work closely with company / client to achieve this task.

General Engineering Requirements

1 Contractor shall prepare all engineering documents required for work, documents listed
in contract and produce all other documents whatsoever, required for successful
completion of work.
2 All such produced documents should provide comprehensive engineering design
information pertaining to all disciplines involved on project, such that all relevant
discipline details are indicated self explanatory requiring as minimum attempts as
possible, for further issues to produce works executive details in form of shop &
working drawings, though which may not be completely unavoidable from all working
engineering viewpoints.
3 Design provisions or requirements should be made explicitly clear in basic theoretical
calculative form, giving adequate details to be well understood & coordinated properly
with/in relevance to all sequential activities for team engineers to co relate at various
stages as well as, at various offices.
4 Clear details save time & provide efficiency on performance of execution.
5 Build ability/constructability criteria is too significant to be understood, applied by
engineers & initial designers, which forces concepts/visuals to be in line allowing

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convenience of project prosecution methods & procedures, without resulting undue time
wastage, within budget economy & attained quality.
6 Contractor’s engineering group in charge of detailed engineering shall provide all
details necessary to be produced for carrying out job satisfactorily & conveniently,
without any gap of understanding project details smoothly by engineers involved, but
not limited to following prescribed engineering services:
a Develop and update/upgrade drawings, drawings lists, documents index, deliverable
review and approval matrix, deliverable register, datasheets, specifications etc.
b All such design documents should be continuously, reviewed during issue of drawings
for construction & also, should there take place certain change on equipment or vessels
requirement to cover both short lead as well as, long lead items.
c Has been noticed on major size projects that real input parameters concerning designs of
vessels or equipment is not made available at initiaa designs stage, which uncomfortable
state forces designers to issue designs based on past equipment data or 90 %
probability/possibility, so that budgeting estimation & other scheduling procedures are
kept continuously progressive.
d Review & update documents for safety, operability, maintainability, reliability and
ensuring their concurrence with environmental regulations and requirements.
e Foregoing operations direct to procedures involved during selection of equipment
necessary for processing.
f Generally, technological update in industries do delay selection of such equipment
because of pending studies on respective making information, information regarding
their safety aspects, information regarding operability manners, unknown reliability
response & ensuring environment suitability, which cannot be readily known, while
designing relevant foundations & process trains design engineering.
g Absence of such data requires design team apply from time to time, available update of
state of art information from one or more manufacturer.
h Many alterations could be made from design initial stage to final design decision
making & in some cases, even foundation may be considerably modified, after
construction or whole design is revised during construction processes itself.
i This may cause updating documents register & raising continuous technical &
engineering queries for clarifications during coordination process.
j Review / update FEED specification and datasheets (as required and prepare additional
documents, whenever required), engineering drawings, PFD’s (Process flow diagrams),
P&IDs (Piping & instrumentation diagrams), calculation sheets, engineering material
requisitions, vendor drawings requirements list & schedule (VDRLS), purchase
requisitions (PR) and amendments as necessary up to 'As built' status.
k As stated earlier in foregoing, all such revisions shall be necessary to be incorporated in
line to continuous changes on project permanent requirements.
l Prepare scope of work and specifications of subcontracts.
m Evaluate technical bids received from vendors and subcontractors.
n Scope of work should be explicit intimating bidder all works & activities necessary
included on project.
o All design criteria, required designs, schedules, distribution of responsibilities should be
indicated crystal clearly pertaining to all disciplines.
p Scope of works description should be well coordinated to provisions on drawings &
specifications.
q Specifications should include their general & specific project required descriptions of
systems, materials, equipment, instruments, design parameters, design requirements,

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investigation reports, investigations to be made, reference to applicable codes & rules or
bye laws, statutory bodies involved, tolerances on various activities on all disciplines.
r Evaluation of technical bid should be conducted comprehensively, ensuring that all
provisions required & directed on FEED have been incorporated in line with proposed
systems on all disciplines.
s All required discipline plans, such as safety, quality, execution etc. have been included
with bid.
t All other requirements that should be adequate to control project from all project aspects
have been included with technical bid.
u Review and approval of vendors data, drawings, other documents and include/update
project design drawings (core drawings/specification to be submitted to company/client
prior to approval by contractor.
v All such documents should be included as a part of technical bid presentation, so that
employer or client is able to know what is being proposed by EPC contractor.
w Vendors should be opted from listed schedule or those, who are well reputed & deliver
proprietary material or equipment.
x All datasheets giving technical details, designs, installation methods, all required
compliances in line to specifications or industrial standards, performance records &
projections, should be included with every proposal.
y Provide detailed material takeoff and continuous monitoring of material changes for all
engineering disciplines.
z Develop and update equipment lists, drawings, specifications, basis of design
philosophies, procedures, requisition schedules and all other necessary engineering
deliverables.
aa Develop testing procedures including SAT (Site acceptance test) for individual facilities
and performance test procedure for facility.
bb Witness and report FAT (Factory acceptance tests) at vendors’ premises.
cc Provide engineering support for procurement, construction, installation, testing
procedure, commissioning, startup and initial operation and maintenance including
assistance to subcontractors / vendors in interpretation of specifications and drawings.
dd Incorporate process requirements in detailed design and engineering.
ee Prepare final documents specified
ff Wherever, there is a conflict in specifications, codes or standards, contractor shall
immediately, bring such conflict to notice of company / client on a ‘Technical Query’
form.
gg Decision on all technical queries shall be made by company / client in writing, which
shall be final and binding without any cost or schedule impact.

3DCad Model
1 Company/ Client require a 3-D CAD (PDS) model to be developed for project.
2 FEED 3D model may be utilized by EPIC contractor for further development.
3 Final 3-D CAD model shall include sufficient detail to allow plot plans and layout
drawings to be produced from model.
4 Model shall include modeling of following as a minimum
a All Piping/ pipeline
b Pipe supports/ saddles for piping larger or equal to DN50
c Fresh water distribution system (Firewater storage and distribution)
d Electrical and Instrumentation items including cable trays, ladders or ducts (300 mm
width and larger)

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e All civil/ structural works
f Intake area upstream of seawater pumps.
g Whole existing facility (to extent required) at locations such as tie-ins, crossover on
existing piping/ new pipelines, in existing culverts, etc.
h All piping within package units, such as electro chlorination plant.
i Vents, drains, manholes and vacuum breakers.
j Contractor shall provide entire model to company/client as a part of final
documentation.
k Contractor shall not employ any proprietary techniques or add-in programmes, while
developing 3-D CAD model that may prevent company/client from fully maintaining
model after takeover.
l Contractor shall provide a user manual to aid future update of 3-D CAD model by
company/ client.
m Contractor shall provide view only access to 3-D CAD model for company/ client’s
nominated personnel, whether they may be located on contractor’s premises [Office or
site] or they access system remotely, during course of detailed engineering.
n A copy of (review model) updated regularly during construction and engineering stages
shall be available at company/ client’s offices at site.
o In addition, contractor shall provide documentation, training and support for company/
client’s nominated personnel, so that their use of system is unencumbered and effective.

Plastic Model
1 Contractor shall design, fabricate and assemble a plastic model for all facilities, which
include all pipeline/ piping, all structures, buildings etc. to be included on plant facility
whatsoever, for making it operational.
2 Models shall be produced to an acceptable size, so that every part of project is clearly
identifiable by user personnel.
3 As far as possible, all essential design details shall be included for exhibition purposes.
4 These models should be fabricated in different modes like drawings that mean bird’s
eye views, sections within that & many different views for clarity.

Engineering Design-
1 For EPIC or EPC, design part is a major contribution to successful execution of
contract, its performance & maintenance.
2 Design of whole project components/ constituents are demanded to be produced one by
one, meeting timely requirement to project plan.
3 Designing team should understand explicitly, contract philosophy & FEED documents
prior to commencing design work.
4 Complete project design systems should be produced based on FEED & best possible
design alternatives for a minimum cost charted out.
5 Project target to be achieved should be clearly understood.
6 First & foremost significant part of design process is selection of processing machine/
equipment to be installed as a part of processing trains, which machines may include
horizontal & vertical vessels, vibratory & rotating machines, pumps, oil tanks, gas
tanks, all related control instruments, electrical installations, gas installations, safety &
security installations, all equipment necessary for complete facility safety & controls,
loss prevention controls, fire fighting controls.
7 Equipment selections may take time & delay whole facility construction therefore,
prompt decisions should be made.
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8 It should be kept in view that foundation designs pertaining equipment depend on
parameters of equipment.
9 Initial foundations designs may be amended based on final selection for inclusion of
equipment.
10 Related drawings about equipment based on feedback available from FEED should be
schematically, produced for considerations of structural design engineers for initial use,
which shall vary, may be to an extent of 10 to 15 % during final stage of designs issue.
11 All designs should be correlated in sequence, so as not to miss any part of any machine
in train.
12 All designs of equipment to be included other than processing trains, which should also,
be similarly, produced in a timely manner.
13 All constituent parts or elements of project regarding all engineering disciplines, should
be enlisted & a programme charted out to show start & issue dates pertaining various
design drawings for review & approval by Clients.
14 Discipline wise engineering design work should then be entrusted to charge of a
disciplinary lead design engineer/project engineer.
15 All design discipline engineers should report to engineering project engineer or manager
as case may be.
16 Initial drawings after complete checking & review of design calculations should be
properly recorded, approved & issued for client review & approval.
17 Client should promptly review these drawings & issue consent to facilitate design team
process further for detailed design work.
18 Design drawings in general, may be classified to following categories
a Facilities Key plan showing all sections or zones
b Plan showing process & non process area indicating trains, utilities, off sites,
circulation, control as well as, administrative areas
c Plan showing existing facility if so, proposed location of sea intake as well as, discharge
location from outfalls into sea.
d Plan showing out location to facilitate construction of temporary structures for use by
contractor.
e Plan showing located/lay down areas for warehousing, storage, equipment maintenance,
access to site & all other necessary information contractor or bidder shall require take
into consideration impact of cost on price.
f Facilities drawings should be classified into layout of trains with location of all
equipment & piping scheme.
g Facilities drawing showing all line plans & isometrics of processing technology &
piping giving capacities.
h Plan showing hazards & non hazard areas based on HAZOP studies conducted by a
specialist agency.
i Plan showing complete & comprehensive philosophy adopted for proposed plant
system.
j Plan showing location of all buildings process as well as, non process.
k Plan showing location of all utilities buildings & electrical infrastructure buildings.
l Plan showing all major buildings, minor buildings & other structures required for
complete control & administration of plant operation.
m Plan showing philosophy of communication, satellite control, security fencing, roads,
maintenance access, landscape areas, environment related issues.
n All equipment major & minor foundation layouts
o All underground utilities & services including drainage, sewerage, chemical disposal

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etc. & shall include catch basins, manholes, chemical manholes, oily manholes, open
ditches, closed drains, pipe culverts, cable trench, covered trenches, buried trenches,
duct banks, street lighting infrastructure, interconnecting cable infrastructures, proposed
road crossings, proposed interfaces, services to be coordinated with existing services
requiring work permits from operating authorities in form of hot & cold works etc.
cathodic protection philosophy for whole plant,
p Architectural plans for buildings including elevation & sections
q Structural plans for buildings including elevations & sections
r Bar bending schedules for all members of structures building wise
s Discipline wise plans for services such as electrical, HVAC, mechanical, drainage,
sanitary, loss prevention, fire fighting, water supply, telecommunication, CCTV closed
circuit television, security access, card readers, building management,
t Roads layouts, maintenance roads layouts including types & sections
u Plant Piping layouts & pipe racks around including overhead crossings
v Interconnections layouts
w Structural plans for pipe racks giving all design details
x Structural plans for steel buildings giving all design details
y External roads interconnection & access to plants
z Landscaping giving all soft & hard landscape layouts

Engineering Detailing-
1 After having received preliminary drawings approved by client, design team should
concentrate to produce all necessary drawings, which then be submitted along with
building permit application to relevant municipality, if so required.
2 Design engineers should also, commence with detailing of all structural & architectural
elements of proposed included parts of project.
3 All other disciplinary details should also, be taken up simultaneously.
4 This part always consumes much time & therefore, adequate staffing should be allowed
for details production.
5 These detailing should include sections, various details on plans/ details of all elements
necessary for execution/prosecution or for transmission of information to equip shop
floor drawing engineers for working drawings production deliveries.
6 It shall require definitely producing hundreds of such details discipline wise.
7 Crosschecking must be applied to all these details, prior to giving a final approval.
8 Working out details shall require multiple considerations of thought to be given for end
results of design, so as to make it convenient for ease of construction execution with
application of minimum efforts, with keeping cost to a minimum as far as, practically
feasible.
9 Concept of detailing is a cumbersome job requiring competent skill on part of design
engineer, who coordinates mentally, all possible operations related to designing &
following up construction by proposed details.
10 Details dictate on many outcomes on site & help construction engineers a lot if well
thought of in advance.
11 Sometimes, good looking details are badly difficult for execution.
12 Details should be as easy as possible to save procurement as well as, execution duration
to minimize cost.
13 It is suggestible that as far as practicable, standard items should be included in designs
for easy procurement.
14 Also, these items are well known to experienced supervisors involved with construction

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activities/operations.
15 Typical details delivery shall give good results for production purpose, while
unnecessary details should be avoided.
16 Details should be drawn explicit to make engineering coordination easy for easy
references.
17 It has been experienced that multiplicity of documents coordination creates unnecessary
difficulties for execution team, while clashes & absence of necessary details as well as,
so many other factors, result in raising of engineering & site technical queries ETQ &
STQ respectively.
18 Such queries further augment recording & execution complicity, which generally,
happens due to involvement of many hands as well as, change of heads on same job.
19 Some competent engineer should concentrate on one activity to draw it to conclusive
decision, so as to be finally sent it to drafting section.
20 Also cross references on drawings should be properly reflected for there are chances of
missing certain details.
21 It is also, suggested that what details are required should be planned in advance of
commencing detailing work in form of a working schedule to keep a control on quantity
of detailing work.

Design Schedules-
1 Major items schedules respecting all disciplines should also, be included within detailed
designs to guide construction team for placing various material take off MTO after due
verification.
2 After producing all necessary detailed documents, a guiding bill of quantity BOQ
should be prepared for whole project to assist construction team to place various orders,
after due verification of quantities as well as, applicable specifications & codes.
3 No limit governs quantification of production of schedules, for it depends on discipline
as well as, size of project.
4 There could be hundreds of such schedules for some project, while some other only a
few, but quality schedules help placement of procurement orders.
5 Scheduling is no easy job for it requires complete knowhow of item under
consideration.
6 It also, requires complete coordination within all relevant drawings & technical
documents to reach final take off quantities, applicability of specifications & drawings
as well as, specialist specifications produced by manufacturers.
7 Scheduler has to go through all these procedures, immersing fully for all related items.
Submissions
1 All aforesaid project documents, which may include all design drawings, detailed
drawings, schedules, project specifications designed by specialist engineers should be
registered properly, according to agreed system of documentation & thereafter, be
submitted under cover of a transmission sheet to approving authority engineer for
technical approval in form of IFC ‘Issue for Construction’ documents.
2 It is not essential that documents should be approved in first submission.
3 Comments received back from engineer should be incorporated on revised documents &
resubmitted keeping process continued, until documents are approved for construction.
4 After approval for construction status, document should be copied in required numbers
as agreed within documentation procedures, duly sealed on document & circulated to
concerned parties, while master copy should be in custody of document controller.
5 Copies should also, be transmitted to engineer for site use.

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Shop drawings
1 All details as explained above cannot be practically produced within aforesaid
documents.
2 Depending upon various factors related to available material, details provided on
approved drawings, trade practice & further minute technicalities involved for
production operations, it shall be essential to produce some more documents to be used
by shop floor engineer.
3 Such documents shall be worked out from coordination among all respective gathered
information, solving probable clashes & giving a final shape for production or execution
on site.
4 Such documents should also, be passed through approval procedures & IFC document
should be issued to site for construction.
5 Could be there hundreds & may be, thousands such documents necessary to be produced
from time to time of site requirement, which can be entitled shop/working drawings.

Working drawings-
1 Even after availability of all approved documents, there shall be required some more
drawings to be used by supervisors on site as well as, in workshop.
2 These drawings should support with further details of sequence of works in form of real
fabrication & execution at shop floor or on site.
3 These drawings should be well drawn clearly, so that supervisors do not require further
assistance to get job done, without requirement of any further detail/s.
4 These drawings should also, be approved, but all drawings do not require approval.
5 In some case based on contract drawings & shop drawings, further details are worked
out, which are consistent with approved drawings, may be used directly, virtually off
record.
6 Otherwise, these drawings should also, be approved by engineer, in which case proper
documentation is necessary, followed by issuing procedures as explained earlier.

Technical Queries-
1 A technical query is raised, when some discrepancy is discovered pertaining certain
design item, not correlating or corresponding between architectural & structural or any
other discipline drawing details.
2 For resolution to reach correct detail, discrepancies are raised in form of a technical
questions format giving full details regarding discrepancy & if possible, a solution be
proposed or clarification sought or understanding for confirmation made.
3 This document is originated by relevant engineer, checked by technical or engineering
section & authorized by site management for transmission to engineer for response.
4 Engineer scrutinizes questions, writes back answers for execution on site & answers
recorded as ‘red line mark up’.
5 There may be engineering queries ETQ or site technical queries STQ or SC site
clarification, depending on mode of format adopted on project.
6 ETQ is generally, used by engineering team only, whilst STQ is used for site execution
purpose.

Site works queries

1 During carrying out works on site, dictated by site conditions, to comply with
specifications & design criteria, it usually happens that suitable adjustments have to be

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made to design details on safer consideration.
2 Such situation requires an agreement between contractor & engineer on site, which
should be recorded on STQ for confirmation.

Proposals for technical resolutions

1 Other than aforesaid queries, there shall be many instances, when alternative detailed
proposals are to be worked out for site requirement to meet design criteria & practical,
proposals for such problems are made for engineer’s approval.
2 Full details in form of sketches are prepared & put in form of STQs or directly, as
sketches, as working drawing or as convenient.
3 All virtual clashes on site due to unforeseen conditions may be resolved on site &
recorded as technical resolution in same manner.

Documentation appraisals
1 At time of contract execution as well as, during whole currency of contract, contractor
shall from time to time receive thousands of documents in form of contract documents,
post contract documents etc. which should be appraised properly & competently.
2 All such documents should be registered in such a way that traceability functions
efficiently, without wasting time of engineers unnecessarily.
3 Document controller should have on his tips, on database a required document located
immediately.
4 Arrangements should be such that documents for a particular element on job, should be
proficiently, filtered out for better control.
5 Project in charge should ensure that all required documents according to register as well
as, fulfilling practical needs of project for construction, have been issued by designers.

Constructability checks
1 Issued/ approved for construction documents pertaining all disciplines must be checked
sequence wise as well as, discipline wise to make sure that these contain well
coordinated information necessary for 100 % construction/installation of relevant
portion or element.
2 Project engineer should immediately, notify all missing information to be provided
proficiently.
3 All clashes observed should be recorded on either an ETQ or a STQ to be raised for a
possible resolution, without any delay to execution.
4 Approval about queries procedure should be perused personally, in some urgent cases &
resolution communicated to supervisor concerned for onsite implementation, prior to
mistaken work is carried out.

Inference of technical documents

1 Inference of technical documents is no easier an activity.
2 Only a competent project engineer or an experienced discipline engineer should be
entrusted job to explore missing information as well as, to know whether or not, issued
documents provide adequate details for purpose of full construction or yet, technical
queries are necessary to be raised.
3 This activity requires total concentration to study contents of design, respective
coordination & mutual interfaces.
4 It depends on volume of documents regarding, what duration is required for complete
understanding of technicalities involved on design.

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5 Study & review should not be confined to design drawings only, but detailed
specifications should also, be studied, so that complete project requirement is properly
integrated for physical execution.

Engineering meetings
1 Meetings for engineering discipline form extremely significant portion of contract.
2 Actually, this activity commences at tender negotiation time, when technical proposal is
submitted.
3 Hundreds of clarification questions are raised by client on contents of technicalities
offered by contractor as well as, those at pre bid stage as replied by client based on
contractor queries.
4 For collection of important queries, meeting is conducted to resolve issues in hand
directly between two parties.
5 During contract stage, when design is submitted, meetings are conducted for every
discipline for a satisfactory response on design questions, clarifications & software
related issues or formal presentation of PDS project document system.
6 During this stage, meetings shall be very long, but impart efficiency for decision making
& save time for approvals.
7 During construction stage, regularly programmed meetings are conducted for
engineering difficulties or other issues related therewith, which require urgent attention.
8 Such meetings more or less, form part of regular progress meetings, until lot of queries
have been accumulated necessitating separate meeting.
9 Day to day meetings, are conducted on site between area engineers of two parties to
resolve matters subject to approval of field engineering manager of client.
10 Engineering meetings cannot be confined to aforesaid instances, but according to job
requirement, these have to be conducted at whatever level of supervision to expedite site
works progress.
11 Such meetings also, involve contribution from quality assurance, control engineering
section on site for urgent decisions & acceptable to construction department.

Construction Method statements

1 During construction phases, activity wise construction method statements are required
to be issued to supervisors on site to adhere to statements for smooth carrying out of
activity concerned.
2 These statements should be approved by client/engineer prior to commencement of
relevant activity.
3 Method statement should be prepared by project or discipline engineer or quality
engineer or office engineer depending on availability on site.
4 This document should contain full information about activity under consideration giving
knowhow of sequence & technicalities, which shall be carried out, sequence of
inspections that should be conducted based on requirement of inspection & test plans/
quality check list as well as, conducting necessary testing & materials testing laboratory
involvement from time to time.
5 All disciplines activities require production & approval of method statements.
6 Method statements should therefore, be prepared in advance, checked & approved by
site manager for further transmission to client for final approval as IFC or AFC &
circulated to site as an approved working document.
7 No limit governs method statements numbers, which depends on work requirements.
8 Agreement has to be made between client & contractor on practical requirements.

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 Buildings Practice Facilities Plants/Petrochemicals
Chapter 3
Engineering
9 For reference to reader, a number of method statements have been appended only for
knowledge exchange elsewhere.
10 These statements are based on practical experience & were used on projects.
11 Please use them for guidance only & create your own statements for particular
requirement.
12 But basics of methods writing can be advised herein.
13 Just think of what solution is for a particular construction operation.
14 Contemplate on what involved minor activities are.
15 What are sequences & materials to be used for temporary as well as, permanent
inclusions?
16 What are other requirements for accomplishment of operation from inception of activity
to final outcome?
17 After having considered all these, sequence out thinking hypothetically, that you are
available on works & carrying out activity.
18 Activity should be sequenced one after other respectively, write statement lines & then
recompile to a comprehensive statement.
19 Would be there a long list of method statements or procedures from different
engineering disciplines.
20 For example, site preparation, camp construction, temporary facilities establishments,
earthworks, excavations, blinding concrete, formworks, reinforcement fabrication,
reinforcement assembly or placement, concreting, finishes activities, complete HVAC
system, electrical system, loss prevention system, specialist gas fire suppression system,
aluminum works, cladding works, structural steel erection at low as well as, high levels,
road works, paving, piping both below & above ground, pre commissioning,
commissioning, performance, maintenance, quality testing & many more.
21 It is not practically possible to produce all methods in one go, but quiet in advance of
relevant activity prosecution, allowing time for approval, statement should be prepared
& submitted for approval.
22 Basics of activity should be conferred with relevant supervisors, quality personnel &
then finalized to specification & design requirement.
23 Document should form an integrated approach for job as professional document.

Page 13 of 13 2012 Int. P Eng Suraj Singh