Chapter 4 - 2 PDF

BUM1113 Technical Mathematics
Chapter 4:The Trigonometric Functions
Laila Amera Aziz
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
November 11, 2016
Laila Amera Aziz (Universiti Malaysia Pahang)BUM1113 Technical MathematicsChapter 4:The Trigonometric
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Functions
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Chapter Overview
1 4.3 Algebra and Trigonometric Functions
2 4.4 Right Triangle Trigonometry
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Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

Simplify trigonometric expression using basic trigonometric
identities.
Solve right triangle trigonometry problems.
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Functions
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4.3 Algebra and Trigonometric Functions
Theorem
Identity
1 sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1
sin θ
2 = tan θ
cos θ
1 1 1
3 sec θ = ; csc θ = ; cot θ =
cos θ sin θ tan θ
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Example
Perform the following operations.
(a) Simplify 10sin θcos θ + 4sin θcos θ − 16sin θcos θ
(b) Expand sec 2 θ − 3 sec 2 θ + 3

(c) Factorise tan 2 β + 8tan β − 9
sin θ − cos θ
(d) Simplify
cos θ − sin θ
cot 2 θ tan 2 θ
(e) Simplify +
csc 2 θ sec 2 θ
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Functions
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Exercise
Carry out the indicated operations.
(a) Simplify −cos 2 θsin 2 θ + (2sin θcos θ)2
(b) Expand (3 − 2 tan θ)2
1 3
(c) Find −
sin A cos A
(d) Factorise 5csc 2 B cot 2 B − 15csc B cot B
sin 2 A − cos 2 A
(e) Simplify
sin A − cos A
3sin θ + 6
(f) Simplify
sin 2 θ − 4
tan θ + tan θsin θ − cos θsin θ
(g) Simplify
sin θ tan θ
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Functions
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Using identities to calculate trigonometric function
Example
3
Use identity to find cos θ and tan θ given that sin θ = − and
5
3π
π<θ< .
2
Exercise
17 π
If sec β = − and < β < π, compute csc β and cot β.
15 2
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Proving identity
Example
Verify the following identites.
1
1 = sec x tan x
csc x − sin x
sin B 1 + cos B
2 + = 2csc B
1 + cos B sin B
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Exercise I
Verify each identity.

1 tan x csc x cos x = 1
cos θ sec θ
2 = tan θ
cot θ
1 − sin 2 t
3 cos t cot t =
sin t
sin t cos t
4 + = sin t + cos t
tan t cot t
cos t
5 tan t + = sec t
1 + sin t
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Exercise II
sin 2 x − cos 2 x
6 = sin − cos x
sin x + cos x
1 1
7 + = 2 csc 2 A
1 + cos A 1 − cos A
cos x 1 − sin x
8 + = 2 sec x
1 − sin x cos x
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4.4 Right Triangle Trigonometry
The Trigonometric Ratios
opposite adjacent opposite

sin θ = cos θ = tan θ =
hypothenus hypothenus adjacent
hypothenus hypothenus adjacent

csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
opposite adjacent opposite
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Since any two right triangles with angle θ are similar, the trigonometric
ratios are the same regardless of the size of the triangle; the
trigonometric ratios depend only on the angle θ.
3 30 3
sin θ = sin θ = =
5 50 5
4 40 4
cos θ = cos θ = =
5 50 5
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Example
A triangle is given as the following figure.
Find the values of

(a) cos θ
(b) cot θ
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Example
For a person standing 100m from the centre of the base of the Eiffel
Tower, the angle of elevation to the top of the tower is 71.6◦ . How tall is
the Eiffel Tower?
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Exercise I
t
1 Suppose θ is an acute angle and and cos θ = . Use the right
2
triangle to express sin θ and tan θ in t.
2 A giant redwood tree casts a shadow 532 ft long. Find the height
of the tree if the angle of elevation of the sun is 25.7◦ .[256ft]
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Exercise II
3 A radio station tower was built in two sections. From a point 87

feet from the base of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of
the first section is 25◦ , and the angle of elevation of the top of the
second section is 40◦ . To the nearest foot, what is the height of
the top section of the tower?[32 ft]
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Special Triangle
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Example
Evaluate the following without using the calculator.
3cos 2 30◦ + 2sin 2 30◦
Exercise
Use the special angles to find
2 sin 30◦ + 3 cos 60◦ − 3 tan 45◦
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Functions
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BUM1113 Technical Mathematics

Chapter 4:The Trigonometric Functions

Laila Amera Aziz

Universiti Malaysia Pahang

November 11, 2016

1 4.3 Algebra and Trigonometric Functions

2 4.4 Right Triangle Trigonometry

By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:

Solve right triangle trigonometry problems.

(b) Expand sec 2 θ − 3 sec 2 θ + 3

(c) Factorise tan 2 β + 8tan β − 9

(b) Expand (3 − 2 tan θ)2

Verify each identity.

The Trigonometric Ratios

opposite adjacent opposite

hypothenus hypothenus adjacent

Find the values of

3 A radio station tower was built in two sections. From a point 87

3cos 2 30◦ + 2sin 2 30◦

2 sin 30◦ + 3 cos 60◦ − 3 tan 45◦

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