Chapter 18 Communicable Diseases

Lesson 1- Preventing the Spread of Disease

1. ____________ is any condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the
body or mind.

2. _________________ is a disease that can be passed to a person from another

person, animal or object.

3. _________________ are disease causing organisms that are so small they can
only be seen through an electron microscope.

4. Germs can cause an ___________________ which is a condition that occurs

when pathogens enter the body, multiply and cause harm.

Pathogens- What are they? Pathogen is a fancy word for germs.

1. ______________ smallest germ and it can’t be treated with antibiotics.

Examples:

2. _________________ are one celled organisms treated by antibiotics.

Examples:

3. __________________ are organisms that are more complex than bacteria, but can’t
make their own food.

Examples:

4. _____________________ are one celled organisms that are more complex than
bacteria and they need a host.

Examples:
How do pathogens (germs) spread?

1. _____________________ contact with others is skin to skin contact.

Examples:

2._____________________ contact with others is touching infected objects.

Examples:

3. List three ways that pathogens (germs) are spread:

a.

b.

c.

4. What is a vector?

How do you keep pathogens (germs) from spreading?

1. List three ways that pathogens (germs) are not spread:

a.

b.

c.

2. If you are sick, ___________________________ from school and other public places.
Avoid contact with others.

3. When you sneeze or cough __________your mouth and nose. Turn your head away
from others and wash your hands right away.

4. What is the trick to remembering how long is the right amount of time to wash your
hands?
Lesson 2- How Your Body Defends Itself with the Five Major Barriers

1. What is a barrier?

2. What are the five major barriers?

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

3. ___________________ system is a combination of body defenses made up of

the cells, tissues, and organs that fight off pathogens and disease.

4. If a pathogen gets past one of the five major barriers, your body’s immune
system takes over.

5. Your immune system has two main responses when a pathogen gets past one of
the five major barriers

a. ____________________ response and the specific ____________________.

6. The ___________________ response begins with ________________________

which is the body’s response to injury or disease which results in a condition of
swelling, heat, pain and redness.

7. When inflammation occurs, the body produces a protein called ______________

to stimulate the body’s immune system.

8. White blood cells rush to surround and kill the pathogens. Sometimes a fever
occurs which raises the body’s temperature.

9. Each __________________ is customized to attach a particular pathogen and its

toxins.
10. Our immune system can recognize pathogens it has already battled, meaning
that an immunity develops.

11. What is immunity? What is my trick from reality shows to remember what
immunity is?

12. The circulatory system has blood as its main fluid and the lymphatic system has
_______ as its main fluid.

13. ________ cells form in the bone marrow.

14. ________ cells form in the thymus gland.

15. Antigens are any substance released by ________________________________.

16. The immune system response to antigens by producing ________________.

17. What does the word antibodies sound like? What do antibiotics do to help us
feel better? Are antibodies the good or bad part of the infection?

18. B cells produce a specific antibody for each antigen and attach to the antigen.

19. T cells do one of two things:

1) stimulate the production of b cells and are called _________________ t cells

or

2) attach pathogens directly and are called __________________ t cells

20. What is a vaccination a fancy word for? What is an example of a vaccination?

Do vaccinations keep you and those around you healthy?
 CHAPTER 19 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

What is a Non-communicable Disease?

1. Some non-communicable diseases are chronic.
a. ____________________________ Diseases that cannot be spread
from person to person.
b. _______________________ present either continuously or on and off
over a long period.

2. Multiple Sclerosis is an example of a degenerative disease.

a. ____________________________ a disease that causes breakdown
in body cells, tissues, and organs as it progresses.

Diseases present at birth:

1. Some congenital disorders are caused by heredity, while others are caused
by a mother’s choice of lifestyle.
a. _______________________ All disorders that are present when the
baby is born.
b. ____________________ The passing of traits from parents to their
children.

Lifestyle choices and Disease:

1. Factors you cannot control…
a. Heredity c. Gender
b. ___________ d. ____________________

2. Factors you can control…

a. Healthy lifestyle choices
i. ____________________________________________
ii. Stay physically active.
iii. _____________________________________________
iv. Get enough sleep.
v. _____________________________________________
vi. Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.

Environmental Factors and Disease:

1. Many substances in the environment cause serious health problems.
2. Carbon Monoxide in high levels can cause illness and death.
3. Smog can cause respiratory/breathing problems in some people.

Common Non-Communicable Diseases:

 Cancer
 Heart Disease (High Blood Pressure, Stroke, Heart Attack, Arteriosclerosis,
Atherosclerosis)
  Type I Diabetes
 Type II Diabetes
 Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis)
 Allergies

Extra Notes: